Roof repair (roof) in winter. Installation and repair of a soft roof in winter - why is it technically possible, but not economically profitable? Current repair of a soft roof snip
Excerpts from SNiP related to roofing and roofing
Source:
SNiP 3.04.01-87 insulating and finishing coatings. Instead:
- SNiP III-20-74*;
- SNiP III-21-73*;
- SNiP III-B.14-72;
- GOST 22753-77;
- GOST 22844-77;
- GOST 23305-78.
INSULATION COATINGS AND ROOFING
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Insulation and roofing works can be performed from 60 to minus 30 °С environment(performance of work using hot mastics - at an ambient temperature of at least minus 20 ° C, using compositions on water based without antifreeze additives not lower than 5 °С).
2.2. In the bases for roofing and insulation in accordance with the project, it is necessary to perform the following work:
- seal the seams between prefabricated slabs;
- arrange temperature-shrinkage seams;
- mount embedded elements;
- plaster vertical surfaces stone structures to the height of the junction of the rolled or emulsion-mastic roofing carpet and insulation.
2.3. Insulating compositions and materials must be applied in continuous and uniform layers or in one layer without gaps and sagging. Each layer must be arranged on the hardened surface of the previous one with leveling of the applied compositions, with the exception of paints. When preparing and preparing insulating compounds, the requirements indicated in the table should be observed.
| Technical requirements | Limit deviations | Control (method, scope, type of registration) |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87. Insulating compositions for roofing. | ||
| Bitumen and tar (pitch) must be used cleaned of impurities and dehydrated. Heating should not exceed, °C: | Measuring, periodic, but not less than 4 times per shift, work log | |
| bitumen - 180 | ± 5% | |
| tar (pitch) - 140 | ± 7% | |
| Fillers (aggregates) must be sifted through a sieve with mesh sizes, mm: | - | Same |
| for sand - 1.5 | - | |
| for pulverized - 2 | - | |
| for fibrous - 4 | - | |
| Permissible humidity of fillers (aggregates): | ||
| for sand | Up to 2% | |
| for compositions with sealing additives | up to 5% | |
| for other formulations | until 3 % | |
| Temperature of emulsions and their components, °С: | The same, at least 5-6 times per shift, work log | |
| bitumen - 110 | + 10°C | |
emulsifier solution - 90 | + 7 °С | |
| latex (when introduced into the emulsion) - 70 | Minus 10 °C | |
| Uniform distribution of bitumen in bitumen-perlite and bitumen-ceramsite - 90% | ±2% | |
| Compaction coefficient of bitumen perlite and bitumen expanded clay under pressure 0.67-0.7 MPa - not less than 1.6 | - | |
| Temperature when applying mastics, °С: | ||
| hot bituminous - 160 | + 20 °С | |
| hot tar - 130 | + 10 °C | |
| cold (in winter time) - 65 | + 5°C | |
| Installation of insulations, dispersed-reinforced with glass fiber (fiber glass): | Measuring, periodic at least 16 measurements per shift (every 0.5 hours of work), work log | |
| fiber dimensions - 20 mm | + 20 mm | |
| the ratio by mass of aluminous cement to Portland cement is 90: 10; the content in Portland cement of the brand is not lower than 400, tricalcium aluminate by mass is not more than 8%. Glass tow must not contain paraffin wax | Until 80:20 | |
| Heavy concrete for roofing without insulating coating(roofs) must contain: | - | Measuring, periodic, at least 4 times per shift, work log |
| plasticizing and air-entraining additives, aggregates from graded sand and coarsely graded crushed stone; | ||
| portland cement - hydrophobic, containing no more than 6% calcium aluminate; | ||
| crushed stone of igneous rocks or gravel with a temporary resistance of at least 100 MPa in a water-saturated state; granulometric composition of crushed stone, mm: | ||
| 5-10 | 25-50 % | |
| 10-20 | 75-50 % | |
| sand of the protective layer of fineness modulus - 2.1 - 3.15 | ||
| Gravel and other frost-resistant mineral materials must be sorted and washed | - | |
PREPARATION OF SUBSTRATES AND UNDERLYING INSULATION ELEMENTS
2.4. Substrates must be dedusted before applying primers and sealers, including bonding adhesives and mastics.
2.5. Leveling screeds (from cement-sand, gypsum, gypsum-sand mortars and asphalt mixes) should be arranged with grips 2-3 m wide along guides with leveling and compaction of the surface.
2.6. The priming of the surface before applying the adhesive and insulating compositions must be made continuous without gaps and gaps. Priming of screeds made of cement-sand mortars, should be carried out no later than 4 hours after their laying, using primers on slowly evaporating solvents (with the exception of screeds with a surface slope of more than 5%, when priming should be done after they have hardened). When preparing the surface of the base, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of Table. 2. The primer must have a strong adhesion to the base, no traces of binder should remain on the swab applied to it.
| Technical requirements | Limit deviations | Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
| SNiP requirements for the preparation of the surface of the base of the roof. | ||
| Permissible deviations of the base surface for rolled and non-rolled emulsion and mastic insulation and roofing: | - | Measuring, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements for every 70-100 m 2 of surface or on a smaller area in places determined by visual inspection |
| along a slope and on a horizontal surface | 5 mm | |
| across a slope and on a vertical surface | ± 10 mm | |
| from piece materials: | ||
| along and across the slope | ± 10 mm | |
| Deviations of the plane of the element from the specified slope (over the entire area) | 0,2 % | |
| Structural element thickness (from design) | 10 % | |
| The number of irregularities (smooth outlines with a length of not more than 150 mm) on a surface area of 4 m 2 | No more than 2 | |
| Primer thickness, mm: | ||
| for roofs made of built-up materials - 0.7 | 5 % | |
| when priming a hardened screed - 0.3 | 5 % | |
| when priming screeds within 4 hours after applying the solution - 0.6 | 10 % | |
2.7. Humidity of the base before applying the primer should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 3. On wet substrates, only water-based primers or insulating compounds may be applied, if the moisture acting on the surface of the substrate does not violate the integrity of the coating film.
2.8. metal surfaces pipelines, equipment and fasteners to be insulated must be cleaned of rust, and those subject to anti-corrosion protection must be processed in accordance with the project.
2.9. Insulation of the installed equipment and pipelines should be carried out after their permanent fixing in the design position. Thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines in places that are difficult to access for insulation must be carried out completely before installation, including the installation of cover shells.
Insulation of pipelines located in impassable channels and trays must be performed before they are installed in channels.
2.10. Equipment and pipelines filled with substances must be freed from them before the commencement of insulation work. 2.11. Rolled insulating materials when performing work in negative temperatures, it is necessary to warm up to a temperature of at least 15 ° C within 20 hours, rewind and deliver to the place of installation in an insulated container.
2.12. When installing roof insulation from large-sized complex panels with a roofing carpet applied at the factory, the sealing of the joints of the roof panels and their pasting should be carried out after checking the insulation of the mounted panels.
The article gives general recommendations how to repair soft roof in winter. Disadvantages are described winter repairs. The relationship between the nature of the manifestation of roof defects and methods for their correction is given. After reading this material, you will be guided in the choice of materials and repair technology.
Features of winter roof repair with a rolled roof
The winter months are not the best auspicious time for home renovations. But quite often it is at this time of the year that you can find that the roof has lost its tightness. And if you consider that during the thawing / freezing cycles, microcracks can turn into “full-fledged” cracks, then it is better to repair the roof in winter.
Traditional sheet roofing materials that are mechanically fastened to the crate pitched roofs, not very "capricious". Profiled sheet and seam roofing, metal and traditional tiles, slate and ondulin - all of them do not become brittle in the cold, they do not have such characteristics as "flexibility on the beam" that bitumen-based materials have.
Another thing is a soft roll roof. If the characteristic indicates flexibility on the beam at -15 ° C, then during repair work when the air temperature is -20°C, it will break down.
For example, Rubemast (one of the most "simple" representatives bituminous roofing) the temperature of flexibility on the beam is 0°C, and the brittleness of the binder occurs at -15°C. And this means that it is possible to work with the material only at "plus" temperatures, and in very coldy it is not recommended to even walk on the roof.
And in order to navigate the features of the winter repair of a soft roof, below for the most popular roll materials recommendations for air temperature during repair work are given:
Ruberoid– not lower than +5°C;
Rubemast, Stekloizol, Bikrost, Linokrom – 0°C:
Bicroelast, Ecoflex - -10°C;
bipol– -15°C;
Uniflex– -20°C;
Technoelast– -25°C.
Features of winter roof repair with soft tiles
At soft tiles there is no such characteristic as "flexibility on the beam". Although the structure (base, binders and powder) is largely identical to the rolled soft roof.
The main problem with shingle replacement is not its fragility, but its fastening to the base with nails that are not so easy to pull out.
The absence of such a characteristic is explained by the “small” format and installation technology - bituminous tiles do not need to be unwound from the roll, thereby testing for “flexibility on the beam”. But certain features carrying out its laying in the winter is. For example, the manufacturer of shingles Shinglas, the company TechnoNikol, formulates them as follows:
packages are kept in a warm room at least a day at +20°C;
so that the tiles do not cool excessively and become brittle, they are served on the roof no more 5-6 packs at a time;
from the problem area remove damaged shingles;
before fixing the tile on the base (lining or valley carpet), a self-adhesive strip from the inside warm up building hair dryer or gas burner.
If not only the tiles are damaged, but also lining carpet, then its integrity is also subject to restoration.
On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer services . You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
And here, when choosing materials, the same rules apply as for roll roofing, since the carpet has the characteristic "flexibility on the beam". Below are the requirements for allowable temperature air for laying TechnoNikol underlayment carpets when repairing a soft roof in winter period:
ANDEREP ULTRA, GL and GL PLUS – -15°C;
ANDEREP PROF– -20°C;
ANDEREP PROF Plus– -25°C.
Note! The most “simple” type of underlayment has a flex temperature on the beam of -5°C.
Typical soft roof defects
The entire “range” of soft roof surface defects can be divided into several types:
absence on some part of the protective layer;
cracks;
mechanical damage;
swelling in the form of air or water bubbles;
flaking joint overlapping strips;
flaking patches from a previous repair;
biological destruction(fungus, mosses, plants).
In addition to violating the integrity of the surface, leaks are possible at the junction of a soft roof with chimneys, ventilation shafts, pipes, racks and extensions of engineering equipment.
General provisions for the repair of mechanical damage
The easiest way to repair mechanical damage to a soft roof. Small punctures, cuts or cracks are repaired with a patch. The size of the patch must be 100 mm (or more) greater than the length of the cut or crack, or cover the damaged area in all directions. And the edges of the patch should be rounded.
Carry out roof repairs in the winter according to the rules listed below:
Purify damaged area from snow, debris and dirt.
cut out patch with rounded edges.
At the soft roof with a gas burner warm up area where the payment is made.
Spatula rubbed protective powder in upper layer softened bituminous binder.
surfacing patch.
Blister repair
The most “simple” case, if the swelling was formed due to the fact that moisture got between the layers when laying. This can happen if the installation took place during the rain, and the base was not dried enough.
Such minor repairs roofs in winter are carried out as follows:
Bloating cut crosswise ("envelope").
corners turn away.
By using gas burner plot drain.
Apply corners of the "envelope" back and rolled with a roller.
Install patch as described above.
It is much more difficult to repair if the swelling is formed due to defects in the vapor barrier layer of an insulated roof with a soft roof. And such a “bubble” may appear precisely in heating season. The repair process is carried out as follows:
Bubble open- cut at an angle.
turn away roofing.
Clean up area of wet insulation.
Restore vapor barrier tightness.
Stacked a layer of dry thermal insulation material.
Warm up and glue the roofing cuts in place.
Glued up notches with a patch, overlapping in all directions by at least 100 mm.
Note! If included in roofing cake flat roof there is a screed, then it must be opened, and then restored. And in this case, the work will have to be carried out with the help of a "teplyak".
Video description
In the video you can see the repair of a soft roof:
Conclusion
Repair of a soft roof in winter is a forced event. The process of restoring the tightness of the roof itself is quite complicated and requires a significant investment of time, resources and effort. Therefore, it is better and cheaper for the owner of the house if he conducts annual monitoring of the condition of the roof and preventive maintenance work. And this should be done by professionals.
Time is merciless to everything, including roofing, which wears out over time. Even with a reed roof that can last for many years without repair, unforeseen situations are possible. Proper and timely maintenance and repair of roofing will increase its lifespan.
House roof repair
This necessary procedure will not only increase the life of your roof, but also allow you to save long time the building itself is in good condition. Often in attic, If it is not mansard roof, a lot of communication nodes are concentrated:
- ventilation;
- telephone wiring;
- electrical wiring;
- steam heating output;
- chimneys and pipes.
To ensure the correct and uninterrupted functioning of all these "services", one has to pay some attention to such a process as repair.
Repair of the roof of the house can be both capital and local. I think it would be redundant to describe this or that type of repair. For my part, I want to give advice that local repairs should be carried out annually and then for a long time you will not have to resort to major repairs. I consider the timing of the renovations to be an important issue. It's no secret to anyone that perfect time for repair is the warm season, but sometimes it also happens that repairs just need to be carried out in frosty winter time. What to do in this case?
Roof repair in winter
The need is extremely rare (for example, tegol roofing is durable and resistant to significant temperature changes) and can only appear in emergency cases or in emergency situations. But, even at this moment, you should not panic, but you should treat this process with due caution and understanding of all the complexity.
The first thing to do in order to repair the roof efficiently in winter is to achieve absolute dryness of the entire roofing. This can be done by covering sections of the roof with a tarpaulin. This will ensure moisture protection of the entire roof and subsequently there will be no problems with tightness, which is also important. If possible, then a specific temperature regime in a particular area where roofing repair is required. This can be done with a gas burner. Heat is necessary if you use bituminous materials for repairs that require certain temperature conditions.
If there is such an opportunity, then postpone the repair of the roof for the warm season. And in winter, in case of emergency, you can make small local repairs that will allow you to spend the winter and make high-quality repairs in the summer.
The rolled type of roofing is not sufficiently resistant to various damages: it is worse than slates and tiles, it can withstand mechanical stress. Therefore, damage separate parts roofs of housing construction or outbuildings appear at any time, regardless of the time of year. The causes of damage are different - the impact on the roof various items, coating wear and crack formation. More often, the presence of coating problems is signaled by leaks that appear on time or immediately after rain, as well as at the moment the snow cap melts on the roof. If these problems arose during the cold period, then you will have to repair the soft roof in the winter, without waiting for the arrival of the warm season. It is possible to make such repairs, but you need to create certain conditions for its implementation.
Types of repair work of soft roofing
Any repair roofing work is divided into 3 main types:
Emergency repairs are needed to quickly restore all the characteristics of a flexible roof that are important for the operation of the coating. For these purposes, most often, the roof covering is replaced in places of existing / suspected leaks. During emergency repairs, 5-20% is restored total area roof coverings. Such repairs usually involve the arrangement of roofing patches in particularly problematic areas, and the replacement of individual parts of the coating is rarely performed.
Current repair work can be carried out on 10-40% of the roof surface. It is recommended to produce them annually, immediately after the scheduled inspection of the condition of the roofing surface of housing construction. As with emergency repairs, roofing may be partially replaced or patched during the current one.
Major repairs are needed if more than 40% of the total roof surface area is restored.
To fully restore all the characteristics of the roof covering, its full / partial replacement is performed. The need for repair is most often due to the destruction of the bitumen layer, which reduces the vapor and waterproofing properties of these building materials, and atmospheric moisture penetrates into inner space buildings and living quarters.
Important: if you plan to repair a soft roof on your own in winter, you need to study well the technology for performing all repair work - from checking the condition of the roof surface - to the final stages of restoration.
Determining the need for repair and restoration work
Holding visual inspection soft roof for damage To assess the required amount of repair work, it is necessary to conduct a visual inspection of the roof surface. During the inspection, you need to pay special attention to the following points:
- Presence/absence of delaminations of the flexible coating at the joints of its individual parts;
- The presence / absence of visual recesses and depressions on the roof surface, as moisture can accumulate in them;
- Determine the presence of swellings and bulges on roofing: this is the first sign that moisture has got under it;
- Check the amount of damage to the roof elements as a result of moisture accumulation - rotting of parts, the appearance of mold and fungi;
- Check for the presence/absence of damage resulting from mechanical influences- breaks, delaminations, cracks.
Important: a visual inspection of the roofing surface of soft building materials on a bitumen basis must be carried out every year, and not from case to case. The earlier defects are identified, the easier and cheaper it is to fix them. The first sign that the roofing surface is flexible materials repair is required, is the occurrence of blisters on its surface.
Minor roof repairs
Depending on the type of damage soft cover There are several ways to repair it:
- Apply patch coverage to damage.
- Restoration of damaged joints of coating sheets.
- Repair, with laying a new coating on top of the old one.
Important: professional roofers prefer the last type of restoration work on the roof, and the first 2 types of restoration are considered temporary and low-quality measures.
For repair and restoration work on flexible roofing, certain skills will be required, and you also need to be able to handle special tools.
Imposition on a thin flexible roof is a local repair and restoration work and is carried out in the following order:
- all damage identified during a visual inspection is pierced or cut off;
- the roofing surface is cleaned of litter and dirt;
- the places of damage are filled with special sealant or mastic based on bitumen. Then, on the area filled with the base, a piece of roofing is applied, big size than the restored area;
- over the patch, the mastic is applied in one more layer, by spreading it with a roller with an increase in the mastic layer along the edges.
Important: this method of restoring the coating is not effective enough, because the flexible roofing often has visually invisible defects that are not easy to identify.
If you need to repair only the joints, then it is quite enough to do the following repairs:
- thoroughly dry the area under the roofing;
- interleave damaged joints with bitumen;
- put the raised, dried roofing in its place;
- from above, process the joint again with bitumen.
Performance overhaul roof covering of the building Repair and restoration work on a small area of roofing is carried out in this way: a new layer of roofing building material is placed on the old, cleaned from litter and pollution, used as a base. This method of restoring the coating of flexible building materials is considered the highest quality and most reliable for minor repairs roofs. As a result, the homeowner receives an updated roof covering with a full restoration of the required roofing characteristics. This method has its own limitations. Such repair and restoration work is not carried out on a badly damaged roofing, and also if the number of layers of the old material is already equal to 8.
Capital repair and restoration work
When the roofing is in such a neglected condition that local restoration work will no longer help, a complete change of the flexible roofing is carried out. The cost of such work is quite high, so such repair and restoration work is called capital. Work on dismantling and laying new layers is carried out in a certain sequence, however, the feasibility of such replacements is assessed on the spot by the repairmen. If any of the layers of the roofing pie is in a satisfactory condition, it can not be changed.
Repair work is carried out in the following sequence:
- Removal of existing roofing.
- Dismantling of the heat-insulating layer and Portland cement screed.
- Restoration of the vapor barrier layer.
- Repair of internal drainage systems.
- Placement of a new thermal insulation layer.
- Installation of a new Portland cement screed.
- Priming of Portland cement screed.
- Flexible roofing installation.
Important: major restoration work involves complete replacement flexible roof covering with partial/full restoration of the base, as well as inspection and replacement of individual roof parts.
Repair of a soft roof in the winter
Repair of a soft roof in winter is a complex separate topic for carrying out restoration roofing works. It is not recommended to carry out any such repair work on the roof surface during the cold period, especially for flexible roofing building materials. However, there are situations when it is necessary to urgently carry out emergency work.
Important: winter repairs must be carried out with increased security measures.
Implementation of works on repair and restoration of a soft roof in the winter period of time Restoration and repair of a soft roof in winter is mandatory if:
- The roof covering is heavily damaged (for example, in the event of large and massive objects falling).
- The huge volume of falling snow caused the roof to sag.
- During the thaw, leaks appeared.
Any of the above situations can cause deformation of the roof, walls and even ceilings, as well as cause damage and short circuit wiring or a source of fire. To prevent such consequences, it is recommended to proceed with the emergency restoration of the roof. Repair of a soft roof in winter should be carried out, like other work on the roof, in compliance with certain nuances.
Choice of building materials. Many flexible coatings do not tolerate negative temperatures, therefore it is important to choose a coating that does not break in the cold. It is usually recommended to use flexible tiling, metal tiles and profiled flooring for winter repairs. For installation, frost-resistant sealants are used, which react neutrally to negative temperatures. In winter, daylight hours are limited, so it is necessary to think over the lighting of the roof repair site in advance, otherwise all actions will be interrupted after the roofing pie is dismantled.
Safety. You should think in advance about comfortable, warm and safe clothes and shoes for repair work. In addition, you need to prepare insurance and safety devices to perform work and protect against changing weather conditions. Before starting roofing work, it is necessary to completely get rid of snow deposits on the roof. Flexible roofing material must be stored in a warm room until it is laid in the form of patches. Of course, all winter repairs should be done with a partner, and even better, hire professional roofers to do such work.
Modern materials and technologies allow not only emergency repair roofing in winter, but also installation new roof. Work in the winter period has its own characteristics.
- High-quality frost-resistant materials are needed.
- The speed of repair work is reduced due to the short daylight hours.
- Compliance necessary conditions when transporting and storing materials.
- A high probability of snowfall requires the installation of a protective awning.
- Additionally, it is required to clean the roof from snow and ice, drying.
- Weather conditions require increased security measures.
The timing, cost and technology of roof repair in the winter depends on the type of coverage.
Soft polymer roofs on the basis of bitumen, including flexible tiles, are laid by heating. In frosty weather, heating will be uneven, which will affect the quality of the coating. Professional builders construct thermal curtain. The metal tile is resistant to low temperatures, the installation of such a roof is possible at any time of the year without loss of coating quality. Ceramic and cement-sand tiles also has frost resistance, but sudden changes in temperature affect the strength of the material.
Cost of work
| No. p / p | NAME OF WORKS | unit of measurement | Cost with material, rub/unit rev. | We are standing. without material, rub/unit |
|
Soft roof device |
||||
| 1 | Bituminous material on fiberglass in 2 layers of the Rubemast type | m2 | 305 rub. | 195 rub. |
| 2 | Bituminous material on fiberglass in 2 layers such as "Linocrom", "Stekloizol", "Bikrost", etc. | m2 | 340 rub. | 195 rub. |
| 3 | Polymer - bituminous material on fiberglass in 2 layers such as "Uniflex", "Elastocron", etc. | m2 | 420 rub. | 190 rub. |
| 6 | Screed device up to 30 mm thick | m2 | 295 rub. | 205 rub. |
| 7 | Disassembly of the old waterproofing coating(up to 4 layers) | m2 | – | 95 rub. |
|
Membrane roof installation and repair |
||||
| 1 | Membrane installation | m2 | 430 rub. | 170 rub. |
| 2 | Geotextile laying | m2 | 60 rub. | 25 rub. |
| 3 | Installation of thermal insulation 100 mm | m2 | 330 rub. | 90 rub. |
|
Installation and repair of a hard roof |
||||
| 1 | Coating device from galvanized sheet (1st fold) | m2 | 790 rub. | 540 rub. |
| 2 | Galvanized sheet coating device (2nd fold) | m2 | 860 rub. | 590 rub. |
| 3 | Replacement of overhangs and gutters of galvanized sheet covering | m2 | 980 rub. | 690 rub. |
| 4 | Metal roofing device | m2 | 670 rub. | 320 rub. |
| 5 | Covering device from steel profiled decking | m2 | 560 rub. | 270 rub. |
| 6 | Laying - hydro, - wind, - vapor barrier films | m2 | 50 rub. | 29 rub. |
| 7 | Laying the thermal insulation layer | m2 | 330 rub. | 90 rub. |
| 8 | Wooden crate device | m2 | 230 rub. | 120 rub. |
| 9 | Installation of the truss system | m2 | 610 rub. | 340 rub. |
| 10 | Installation of a drainage system | mp | 410 rub. | 210 rub. |
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