How to open the shield door in the entrance. How to open the shield in the entrance without a key. General features of floor shields

Modern apartments, as a rule, are equipped with individual electrical panels. But the inhabitants of the old houses were not so lucky. The equipment is brought to the landing, and is designed for two, three and even four neighbors. The owners do not have the key to the shield. In case of knocking out traffic jams or life-threatening situations (for example, a fire), it is very difficult for them to get to the knife switch.

What is an electrical panel?

A modern electrical distribution board in a residential or working room is a compact, convenient and outwardly aesthetic panel, which is intended for modular mounting on this panel special devices, serving to ensure reception electric current from external and common high-voltage networks, as well as current distribution through the internal electrical network apartments, houses or cottages.

The purpose of the switchboard is to control the admission of electricity to the apartments, and take into account the amount of its consumption. In addition, he is also responsible for the devices of the telephone and Internet networks.

General features floor boards:

they are old (found in houses built in the last century) and new (in modern buildings), their difference in the internal structure system;
each of them has at least two, and more often three compartments: one of them contains electricity meters, and the other is responsible for devices operating from low currents (Internet, telephone); any compartment is equipped with its own lockable door;
the compartment with metering devices should be equipped with special windows, from which the indicators of the devices are clearly visible;
the material for the shield in the entrance can only be metal with a set of necessary properties;
to install it, choose a recess in the wall on landing;
sashes open freely at an angle of 95 degrees;
access for outsiders to the device of the shield is limited by means of a lock, the key is kept by the attendant apartment house electrician.
Types and types of electrical panels.

Surely, more than once they met abbreviations like: SHCHE, VRU, OSCH, etc. on the shields. all these intricate letters hide the essence of the devices, which is known to those who directly serve them, and sometimes even those who serve the switchboards get so used to the abbreviation that they do not think about their purposes. So, let's start considering the types and types of electrical panels from the main shield, the "king" of the shield ones.

Main switchboard (MSB).

The main switchboard is designed for input of power supply lines, electricity metering and distribution of supply lines for facilities. The device also serves to protect against short circuits and overloads in power supply networks. If we consider the hierarchy of switchboards, then the main switchboard is at the highest level. Main

the switchboard is most often located on the territory of a transformer substation (TP), boiler houses, and industries.

Introductory switchgear (ASU).

The device, which includes a complex of electrical automation and structures, is used to receive input power cable, distribution of supply lines for ShchE, ShchK, ShchO, VRU, electricity metering, protection of lines from overloads and short circuits. Installed at the input of residential, public buildings, as well as in industrial premises(shops).

Emergency input of a reserve (ATS).

The ATS shield is equipped with special automation. ATS switches power from the main source to an additional one (generator) in the event of a failure of the main electricity supplier. After the accident is eliminated, the AVR will switch from the generator to the main line and after a few minutes the generator will be stopped. It is used in industrial, commercial, communal buildings, as well as in cottages.

Board floor (ShE).

Used in residential and administrative buildings for the distribution of electricity to 1 - 6 apartments.

The SC is mainly divided into three sections:

Distribution compartment (modular automation for groups of electrical circuits).
Accounting compartment ( electric meters).
Subscriber compartment (telephone, intercom, TV, radio, etc.).

Shield apartment (SC).

As a rule, it is located at the entrance to the apartment in the hallway area. The main purpose of the switchboard is electricity metering, distribution of group power lines in the apartment, modular automation protects the electrical circuit from overloads and short circuits. ShchK are consignment note and indoor installation, metal and plastic versions.

The apartment shield is subdivided:

ShchKU - residential accounting shield.
ShchKR - residential switchboard.

Lighting shield (OSCH).

Lighting boards are installed in administrative, commercial and office space, for infrequent operational switching on and off of automation. SCHO protects outgoing lines from overloads and short circuits.

Lighting boards are divided into:

OSHV (lighting shield with a switch).
UOSCHV (recessed lighting panel with a switch).

Control panel (ShU).

The switchboard is used to control automation, which are responsible for such mechanisms as: ventilation, heating, fire alarm etc. Adjustment of parameters is carried out manually.

How to open the electrical panel without a key yourself?

Familiarize yourself with the location and purpose of the driveway doors. Usually there are three. On the left are two doors: horizontal, and under it - square. Behind the first of them are automatic machines, and behind the second - electric meters. On the right is one vertical door, behind which low-voltage devices are placed, for example, antenna amplifiers and splitters, telephone terminal blocks. Sometimes there are shields of a different configuration. 2
Examine the locks on each of the doors. If they are equipped with protruding rectangular plates, any of them can be opened using pliers. The horizontal position of the plate corresponds to vertical position tongue (lock open), and vice versa, when the plate is vertical, the tongue is in horizontal position(lock closed). During overhauls the front panels of the access guards are sometimes replaced with new ones, where locks are installed, similar to those used in mailboxes. In this case, residents are most often given keys only to the door with automatic machines. Open and close it just like mailbox.
When any of the doors is open, observe the following rules. Do not touch any metal objects inside the shield, even if you are sure that high voltage missing on them - this may not be the case. Do not attempt to dismantle any items that do not belong to you. This even applies to the meter through which your apartment is connected - often it is the property of the power supply organization. Do not carry out any actions aimed at stopping or rewinding the meters, do not remove the seals from them. Do not turn off the machines through which other apartments receive electricity, except when necessary, for example, due to a fire or an electrical injury received by one of the neighbors.
If there are electronic meters with controls, you can, by opening the corresponding shield door, press the buttons located on them in order to find out the electricity consumption for the previous months, at different times of the day. Do this carefully so as not to touch nearby live parts. The procedure for controlling counters using the buttons is described in his instructions. It is not possible to rewind or stop it from the keyboard. Do not press the buttons on the counters of the neighbors.
If it is necessary to repair the electrical wiring, open the door behind which the machines are located. Find two of them marked with the same numbers as your apartment number. Having previously turned off computers and other devices that do not tolerate a sudden blackout, check through which machine the chandeliers are powered, and through which sockets. AT emergency turn off the machines immediately, without waiting for the computers to turn off.
Please note that the bell and socket between the bathroom doors are usually powered through the same machine as the chandeliers. During the repair of the wiring, a person should stand next to the shield, making sure that no one approaches the shield and resumes the supply of electricity. Turn off and on the machines carefully so as not to touch their clamps and bare wires.
After completing work with the devices located in the shield, be sure to close all its doors and lock them.

Preventive electrical inspection

Checking the operation of the floor board should be carried out by a specialist from management company, in the statement of which the apartment building is located, at least once a year.

Unfortunately, this rule exists only in words. In life, the master comes to the call only after a breakdown or an emergency, and you want to avoid both. Or, let's say you buy an apartment and you need to assess the condition of the wiring.

You can carry out a preventive examination yourself, most importantly, follow the safety requirements.

For an independent audit of the access shield, follow these step-by-step instructions:

Inspection external state devices. Everything is fine if it does not have serious cracks, chips and other defects, and the lock on the door closes tightly with a key.
Assessment of the condition of internal devices. The machines must be marked, and the cables and wires must be clearly and clearly signed.
serviceability contact connections.For junctions of wires with metal, the following rules apply: check for rust; inspect bolted connections for the presence of a washer, and it is better to tighten the wrenches. After that, pay attention to the wire connections to the automatic meters.
Operation of switchboards. After all contacts are checked, nuts are tightened and bolts are tightened, it is necessary to check the serviceability automatic devices. Return voltage to the electrical panel and turn on all automatic appliances.

Further, everything is very simple. Press the test button ("test"). Devices that continue to work are faulty and need to be replaced. Before testing, you need to make sure that the contacts do not leave, otherwise the result will be unreliable.

Anton

Everything opens with a standard shield key. We have 2 types of them - one as for ancient castles with a beard and the second is just a figured piece of iron. Both types are sold in hozmagah or from huckster-keys in the market.

Konstantin

Indeed, there is no reception against scrap))))))) then those who will repair the shield will come to the forum.

Kolesnichenko Margarita

Screwdriver or something that has a flat shape

Burglars open doors different ways up to and including explosives. I don't yell. Here the approach is the same. Start with gentle ways and move on to rougher ones. Explosives are unlikely to be needed. Rough should include crowbar and drilling.

[email protected]

According to the idea, the key should be in the management company (in the housing office, for example).

Vadik

You can try to pour the solvent into the keyhole or not concentrated acid. "vdshka" is not sure what to do. Go to the housing office to complain. If there is an electrician in the same panel, then they must fix it themselves.

Yuri Morozenkov

pliers

Olga Kuznetsova

I opened it with my mailbox key. Uncle from the Future...

With a crowbar or a fitter :)))))) But in general, just press the door in the place of the lock and pull it back in the middle .... once and done... Just do not forget to close the back, otherwise they will be penalized :)))))) Or you can turn the entire lock with a powerful screwdriver. . but this is only if the lock tongue is rotary and not retractable ....

findings

To answer the question: how to open the shield in the entrance without a key, you need to try the following method.

In addition to the master key, a flat screwdriver is also suitable. It must be thin. Insert into the lock and try to turn. In most cases, it turns out with simple mechanisms.
If this the padlock, then you can try physical strength and scrap. padlocks are easily opened with a mechanical lever or a master key. If the question further arises: how to open the electrical panel in the entrance without a key, then you just need to contact the specialists. Today there are companies that specialize in opening locks various types without a key and without damaging the locking mechanism.

Modern apartments, as a rule, are equipped with individual electrical panels. But the inhabitants of the old houses were not so lucky.

The equipment is brought to the landing, and is designed for two, three and even four neighbors. The owners do not have the key to the shield.

In case of knocking out traffic jams or life-threatening situations (for example, a fire), it is very difficult for them to get to the knife switch.

The absence of a key in the public domain is explained by the security of the residents themselves. People without special skills are at risk of hurting high voltage wires which could end badly for them.

General features of floor shields:

they are old (found in houses built in the last century) and new (in modern buildings), their difference is in the internal structure system;
each of them has at least two, and more often three compartments: one of them contains electricity meters, and the other is responsible for devices operating from low currents (Internet, telephone); any compartment is equipped with its own lockable door;
the compartment with metering devices should be equipped with special windows, from which the indicators of the devices are clearly visible;
the material for the shield in the entrance can only be metal with a set of necessary properties;
to install it, choose a recess in the wall on the landing;
sashes open freely at an angle of 95 degrees;
access for outsiders to the device of the shield is limited by means of a lock, the key is kept by an electrician serving an apartment building.

And yet, it is very inconvenient after each case of broken traffic jams to invite the master.

Types of electrical panels

The shield is needed to distribute the voltage across all electrical systems that are connected to it. The automata mounted in the device are used to turn on / off the current and protect against small accidents and short circuits.

Switchboards for entrances are made of metal, and for individual apartments– made of fire-resistant plastic.

The storey version combines several functions at once: energy distribution to all apartments on the landing and accounting for consumed electricity.

However, there are panels without meters, they are installed in the apartment and are called group distribution.

The inhabitants of new buildings are lucky, their electrical panels are located directly on the occupied living space. They do not need to be opened without a key, as it is included in the kit.

But what about the neighbors in the old house? How to open the electrical panel without a key yourself?

Procedure

Strictly observing the following instructions, you can open the shield without harm to health:

First, figure out what series the device is installed in your entrance. How many leaves does it contain. A standard electrical panel has 3 of them:

the long door on the right - there are low-voltage connections for the phone and the Internet;
rectangular top left - automatic switches are located behind it;
square at the bottom left, equipped with special windows - contains electric meters for each of the apartments on the site.

Determine the types of locks on each of the wings. If they are made in the form of plates protruding forward, it will not be difficult to open them. For this, ordinary pliers are suitable. By the position of the plate and tongue, you can determine whether the lock is closed with a key or not. Sometimes, locks on electrical panels are installed the same as on mailboxes. In this case, each tenant receives his own key and can easily use it.
After you managed to open the first sash, follow the safety rules and do not harm the property of the management company, namely:

do not touch the wires and metal parts in the shield, they may be under high voltage;
do not repair the system yourself, even if you have basic electrical skills;
do not attempt to stop or turn off the meter, or apply any external influence, it is owned by the management company and for its breakdown you may be held liable under the law;
do not cut off the power supply to other apartments, except in cases of emergency, for example, if one of the residents is struck by an electric shock.

If your panel is equipped with electronic meters, using special buttons you can get information about the electricity used (per month, day or night). At the same time, it is worth overcoming your curiosity and not climbing into the devices of your neighbors. The buttons must be pressed with the greatest care so as not to touch the current conductors. How to use electronic meters correctly should be detailed in the instructions located next to the shield. Using the system, you can only get acquainted with the incoming data, but you cannot change the readings or stop the meter.
To troubleshoot electrical wiring problems, do the following without waiting for the arrival of a professional:

open the sash, the one with machine guns (yours should be marked with the appropriate numbers, they match the apartment number);
before turning off the power, be sure to unplug computer equipment and others from the sockets, the operation of which may be affected by a sudden blackout;
determine which of the machines is responsible for the sockets;
in emergency situations, it is necessary to cut down the machines immediately, regardless of the type of operating devices.

Before carrying out repair work with wiring, you need to take care of the safety of the masters. For this, a person must be on duty next to the shield, who will not allow the electricity to be turned on.
Upon completion of all work on the devices in the panel, restore the power supply and securely close all doors with a lock.

Preventive electrical inspection

Checking the operation of the floor board should be carried out by a specialist from the management company, in whose statement the apartment building is located, at least once a year.

You can carry out a preventive examination yourself, most importantly, follow the safety requirements.

For an independent audit of the access shield, follow these step-by-step instructions:

Inspection of the external state of the device.

Everything is fine if it does not have serious cracks, chips and other defects, and the lock on the door closes tightly with a key.

Assessment of the condition of internal devices.

The machines must be marked, and the cables and wires must be clearly and clearly signed.

Serviceability of contact connections.

For junctions of wires with metal, the following rules apply:

check for rust;
inspect the bolted connections for the presence of washers, and tighten the nut better.

After that, pay attention to the wire connections to the automatic meters.

Operation of switchboards.

After all contacts are checked, nuts are tightened and bolts are tightened, it is necessary to check the serviceability of automatic devices. Return voltage to the electrical panel and turn on all automatic appliances.

Marking cables and wires in the electrical panel

For safety and to make work easier professional electrician, the shield at the entrance has a generally accepted marking.

In the document on technical operation the basic principles are clearly stated.

His name should be on the box of the shield.
Inside is a piece of paper with a printed table. It indicates the number of sockets and sockets for chandeliers that consume electricity on the floor.
To the shield without fail, a diagram of the device and assembly is attached.

The rules are spelled out in PTEEP:

all wires, cables and electrical circuits common use subject to labeling;
the name of the group circuits is applied on top of the circuit breaker or on free place in the shield (marks may contain a digital designation, the name of the room, and more);
if inscriptions on the described devices are not possible, the information is entered in the technical data sheet.

According to GOST 23594-79:

for marking use special tags (PVC tubes), and in their absence, PVC tape;
tag length - 2.5 cm and above;
inscriptions must be clearly visible and understandable;
it is possible to mark the insulated part of the wire or cable.

Electricity distribution boards are not a toy and require a serious attitude.

It is unacceptable to break the lock in the absence of a key, bending the door or using a crowbar. In this case, it will be difficult to close it back.

It is impossible to keep the electrical panel in the public domain. In the future, this could cause serious injury to bystanders, including curious children.

In case of problems with the floor device, it is better to contact a specialist, and make a duplicate key for yourself in case of broken traffic jams or an emergency.

A shield with counters, automatic machines and antenna amplifiers is often located not in the apartment itself, but in the entrance or hallway. To prevent contact with high-voltage circuits, such shields are equipped with flaps with locks.

Instruction

Familiarize yourself with the location and purpose of the driveway doors. Usually there are three. On the left are two doors: horizontal, and under it - square. Behind the first of them are automatic machines, and behind the second - electric meters. On the right is one vertical door, behind which are placed low-voltage devices, such as antenna amplifiers and splitters, telephone terminal blocks. Sometimes there are shields of a different configuration.

Examine the locks on each of the doors. If they are equipped with protruding rectangular plates, any of them can be opened using pliers. The horizontal position of the plate corresponds to the vertical position of the tongue (the lock is open), and vice versa, when the plate is vertical, the tongue is in the horizontal position (the lock is closed). During major repairs, the front panels of the access shields are sometimes changed to new ones, where locks are installed, similar to those used in mailboxes. In this case, residents are most often given keys only to the door with automatic machines. Open and close it just like a mailbox.

When any of the doors is open, observe the following rules. Do not touch any metal objects inside the shield, even if you are sure that there is no high voltage on them - this may not be the case. Do not attempt to dismantle any items that do not belong to you. This even applies to the meter through which your apartment is connected - often it is the property of the power supply organization. Do not carry out any actions aimed at stopping or rewinding the meters, do not remove the seals from them. Do not turn off the machines through which other apartments receive electricity, except when necessary, for example, due to a fire or an electrical injury received by one of the neighbors.

If there are electronic meters with controls, you can, by opening the corresponding shield door, press the buttons located on them in order to find out the electricity consumption for the previous months, at different times of the day. Do this carefully so as not to touch nearby live parts. The procedure for controlling counters using the buttons is described in his instructions. It is not possible to rewind or stop it from the keyboard. Do not press the buttons on the counters of the neighbors.

If it is necessary to repair the electrical wiring, open the door behind which the machines are located. Find two of them marked with the same numbers as your apartment number. Having previously turned off computers and other devices that do not tolerate a sudden blackout, check through which machine the chandeliers are powered, and through which sockets. In an emergency, turn off the machines immediately, without waiting for the computers to turn off.

Please note that the bell and socket between the bathroom doors are usually powered through the same machine as the chandeliers. During the repair of the wiring, a person should stand next to the shield, making sure that no one approaches the shield and resumes the supply of electricity. Turn off and on the machines carefully so as not to touch their clamps and bare wires.

After completing work with the devices located in the shield, be sure to close all its doors and lock them.

Attention, only TODAY!

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In the apartment modern man works great amount electrical appliances that create a large load on the network.

To ensure increased electrical safety, you can install an individual electrical panel in an apartment or house, this will allow you to separately control electrical appliances.

You can do this quite independently, for example, during repairs or after replacing old wiring.

An ordinary electrical panel for an apartment does not contain many elements, and almost anyone can assemble it. The electrical panel includes:

Requirements for switchboards

One of the main goals of installing a switchboard in an apartment is to increase the level of electrical safety, therefore you need to take the requirements for its installation very seriously.

The electrical panel must comply with all the rules of GOST 51778-2001 and PUE

The shield must be accompanied technical documentation, which describes installed equipment, namely the number of devices and their rated current.
The shield must have sign electrical safety with the specified voltage.
The materials from which the shield is made must be non-combustible.. The cover of the shield must not pass electric current. As a rule, it is a heat-resistant plastic or polymer-coated metal.
must be marked, for example with tags indicating the connected devices.
Grounding and zero terminal blocks should have no more than one wire per terminal. When choosing pads, you need to rely on the fact that when connecting, there are free terminals. Tires must be marked according to the rules of the PUE.
The electrical panel must be grounded, this applies to both the body and its doors.
The doors of the electrical panel must provide elements for sealing.
Attention should be paid to Availability technical passport with certification data and characteristics.
To connect the machines to each other, you need to use special busbars "comb".

Following the rules described in the PUE and GOST, you can install the electrical panel yourself, for this you need to develop a connection diagram.

Assembly and connection diagram

To create an electrical panel diagram, you need to determine the type of power supply system in the house, divide the consumers of electricity into several groups, and, based on these data, create a diagram that using GOST 21.614 for graphic designation of all elements of the shield.

The type of power supply system can be indicated on the board on the landing, otherwise you can find out by contacting the housing office. There are three types of system that differ in the way they are supplied with power and grounded: TN-C, TN-S, TN-C-S.

TN-C - old type energy supply, includes a two-core copper or aluminum cable, the cable in the shield combines zero and earth.

TN-S, TN-C-S is more modern systems supplies, use a three-core cable for and a separate cable for zero and ground in the shield on the floor.

Then you should divide the consumers of electricity into several groups. For example, you can group the connection points of outlets in each separate room, switches, large consumers of electric current like an air conditioner or boiler. Considering all these characteristics, a separate machine is selected for each group.

After that, they begin to draw a diagram of the electrical panel. It contains all the elements using graphic symbols according to GOST 21.614, as well as all current consumers that are connected to them.

Scheme of assembly and connection of the electrical panel in the apartment:

Using the wiring diagram, you can begin the installation of the electrical panel.

Do-it-yourself installation and installation

First you need to choose an electrical panel. For this you need to decide on the type of shield. Hidden shields are recommended to be installed when hidden wiring, with open wiring it is better to install a hinged shield.

If the apartment does not have a special niche for installation built-in shield, then it will have to be done independently, which creates additional difficulties, but such a shield will be well disguised. A hinged switchboard is much easier to install in an apartment, all that is needed for this is to fix it with a few screws, but it does not always look good in the interior.

The next stage depends on how many groups all consumers of electricity were divided into at the stage of developing the shield circuit. The number of machines used depends on the number of zones., as well as the size of the case where they will be installed.

The case should be chosen with a margin for the number of installed machines, this will save money if you have to upgrade the power supply system. Before installing the shield, you must select its location in the apartment.

The shield should be located in an easily accessible place at a height of 1.5-1.7 meters from the floor level, so that it is not obstructed by furniture or doors. The place to place the shield is chosen once, so you should responsibly approach its choice.

You should also consider how the rest of the furniture and interior will be placed. If a hidden type switchboard is installed, then it is necessary to choose a place where a niche for it can be arranged.

The following steps should only be carried out with power off. After turning off the electricity, you should lead the cable inside the case through the cable glands, after removing the plugs.

This completes the electrical installation. further task - installation and connection of machines.

Installing an electrical panel is not something difficult, it is quite possible to do it yourself. You just need to understand its device, comply with all requirements of GOST and PUE as well as electrical safety regulations. And after installation, check if all the elements work correctly.

Here, a month and a half ago, one of my customers asked if I had a solution in order to somehow completely lock the floor shields. And it so happened that at about the same time I was making such locks on floor plate sponsored by a familiar mother, whom I also.

The topic of how to lock the floor shields was raised in my post about. But there I didn’t specifically describe anything, but mentioned it in passing. Now it's time to write a post!

So, locking the floor shields is a MUST in order to restrict access to them by unauthorized persons. Namely - all sorts of providers, local drunkards or thieves. On the forums, people periodically frighten others with the fact that if you put some expensive introductory RCD or UZM-51m into the floor shield, then everything will be stolen. It seems that now such cases are rare, but in the 90s - yeah, they stole. The people still smeared the machine guns with paint so that they would lose their presentation.

In new buildings, people are usually more cultured, and UERM-type gizmos are used as floor shields. There are separate compartments for each apartment, which are locked with a small postal padlock. Of course, such a lock is hidden with a thick screwdriver or crowbar, so it will only stop local violators.

But in the shields of old-built houses, regular locks have long been broken (because everything has been running since the 90s, and then no one even thought about locking the shields), but there are no new ones.

So this sponsored friend asked me the task: NECESSARY! Because muddy people are hanging around the porch! And I just bought a small grinder, which I recently did, and I just wanted to try it out not only on the counter.

I remember how I made locks on my shields. Then I hit the road to Leroy, found there corners of suitable thickness, from which I made the ears. This time I repeated everything: again I drove to Leroy ... but somehow I went too far with the thickness of the corners =))

And then - he did not notice how quickly he put it all on the shields. Here, a grinder saved me sooooo much, because this metal was cut to her instantly. If I had grabbed a hacksaw again in the old fashioned way, I would have been sweating all over there like a fool. And with a grinder you can cut and quickly grind the edges ...

As a result, after a couple of hours of leisurely work, it turned out like this:

There was no need for a special culture, it was necessary to do it quickly and brutally (apparently, hehe, this influenced the choice of metal thickness). I didn’t fool around with the shield door and just cut the grooves there with a grinder.

From the inside of the shield door we insert an eyelet for the lock:

And from the inside, we tighten it to a stupor. There are headless screws on the outside, so you can’t just unscrew it. It is clear that all this will not stand against a grinder or a bolt cutter - but it should not.

Since headless bolts were not threaded along the entire length, but only at the end of the bolt, then with reverse side successfully sawn off from the same corner of the piece of iron, which gave required thickness. And in order not to fool around with a bunch of ears (it was necessary to lock all the shield compartments, of which there are three), I just made two pairs of ears on three shield doors. Locks all these doors hold each other, and it is not possible to open one of them.

That's all! Maybe someone like this solution will also fit.

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