Efficient heating with electricity. Electric heating of a private house - choose an option. Overview of the latest solutions in electrical heating systems

Comfortable living conditions in the private sector are possible only when all communications are connected - electricity, gas, water supply, heating systems, sewer system. Main question- providing housing in the cold season with uninterrupted heating. Wanting to save usable space, many owners country houses refuse to install furnace heating and choose electric.

Benefits of installing electric heating

1. Installation of the system has a low price level.
2. Electric heating can be installed at any time of the year.
3. The system does not require special maintenance and preventive inspections.
4. The better the house is insulated, the lower the cost of heating it and paying for electricity consumption.
5. The room is heated in a short time.

If a gas pipeline has not yet been connected to your site, the installation option electric heating optimal. For this, there is no need to lay pipelines, which significantly saves finances and labor costs. Using offline mode, at home long time temperature can be maintained at a comfortable temperature.

Equipment options

To organize heating, you can use:

• Oil and non-liquid electric radiators. They are distinguished by high levels of safety and efficiency.
• Cable and film heating systems in the floor covering. The popularity of underfloor heating has been on the rise in recent years. Various types of heating cables are used for floor heating. They can be mounted directly into concrete screed or under flooring. For underfloor heating you need theoretical knowledge and work experience. Thin film, from mats or heating cable systems differ in installation and connection.

Before installing a warm floor, a reliable thermal insulation of the base is made. In each room where a warm floor is installed, a thermostat is installed to regulate the operation of the electric heating system. Such floors are arranged in all rooms or selectively. Basically, installation is carried out in bathrooms, toilets or in the kitchen.

• Wall convectors dry and liquid. Dry convectors immediately convert electrical energy into heat. Their main advantage is that they can be disabled long time without the risk of defrosting. There are no particular difficulties with the installation of convectors. For everybody installed convector a grounded power outlet is carried out with an automatic machine installed in the electrical panel. Liquid convectors are filled with non-freezing liquid or water. After turning off such a convector, it gives off heat to the room for some time.

• Infrared heaters heat nearby objects and the floor, and the air warms up from them. Their use makes it possible to separately regulate the set temperature in each room. If you have five rooms in your house, you will need five infrared heaters, automatic machines, thermostats and electrical cable. One of the advantages of this home heating system is saving usable space.

• Water electric heating has found its wide application for heating private houses. From gas system or furnace with a water circuit differs in installation electric boiler. If the house already has water heating, the electric boiler can be installed instead of or in parallel with the old boiler. The disadvantage of such a system is the use of a water circuit.

These systems are used for continuous heating of the building. For temporary heating of the house with electricity, an electric fireplace or a fan heater is used.

Heating system installation

If you have theoretical knowledge and experience with electricity, it will not be difficult to install electric heating at home with your own hands. Before starting work, it is necessary to draw up a package of documents in order to avoid unpleasant surprises in the future.

It is not necessary to coordinate the installation of the system only when the electrical appliances used are additional sources of heating for the building.

All work on the installation of the heating system is divided into three stages:

1. Drawing up a system project.
2. Mounting.
3. Launch.

During the design, a scheme is developed taking into account the operational rules of the structure. Calculation of heat is carried out and the total power is calculated power load. All this should be done by a specialist. A detailed diagram of the space heating system is drawn on a separate sheet, indicating branches, turns and outlets.

When the project is fully drawn up and all calculations are made, it is time to purchase all the constituent elements. You should start installing shields with differential automata for each heated room.

Taking into account the location of the boilers and other devices, cable wiring is done. The length of the cable is calculated according to the drawn up scheme. For the electrical system, it is better to use a cable of the PVS brand 3 × 1.5 mm.

If you plan to install underfloor heating or ceiling panels are being installed. After completing the cable laying, you need to proceed with the installation and connection of heating devices.

When starting the system, the focus is on temperature conditions on all devices. First time runs intensive heating of the rooms, and when the set temperature is reached, the time will come for the normal mode of the system. Inclusion electrical appliances will occur only when it is necessary to heat the air to the set temperature.

How to save on electric heating?

All systems presented in this article are powered by electricity. Maximum rate Efficiency of long-wave infrared heaters and convectors. The larger the building, the higher the energy consumption. At large sizes rooms, the use of electric water heating will be effective.

To save money on paying for the energy consumed in the house, you need to install a billing meter and carry out maximum heating of the premises during the low tariff period.

It is advisable to install new windows and doors in the house, insulate the ceilings, walls, floors, verandas and balconies.

High-quality insulation at home will allow the system to work in an economical mode.

With water heating, the parallel connection of a solid fuel (gas) and electric boiler gives its significant advantages.

With a little effort, you will soon provide for your family reliable system heating, made by yourself.

Video

Despite the fact that infrared heating is not a novelty today, many people treat it with distrust. We offer you a video from which you can learn more about this type of system.

The most massive and effective method heating an apartment or a private house is the use of a heating system that works on natural gas. But as is usually the case in dachas, there is simply no gas pipeline.

Therefore, the only safe and environmentally friendly source of energy for heating is electricity.

And even more so, the reserves of natural minerals are limited, and over time, you will have to look for an alternative, that is, electricity.

Today we will consider the main systems of a private house or apartment. Moreover, there are many ways of electric heating, which we will definitely consider.

Pros of using

Let's start, as always, with the benefits:

Cons of using

The disadvantages include:

1. Electric heating depends on electricity. There is no electricity, no heat.
2. Voltage instability can permanently disable the boiler or electrical appliances.
3. High power consumption. Consider the condition of the wiring. You should clarify how much power you are allocated to the house. You may need a three-phase electrical system.

The first two problems can be effectively solved by purchasing a generator. Correspondingly, the costs increase.

Overview of electric heating options for a private house

Before moving on to discussing the types of heating, it should be said that the heating system should be designed and calculated before the construction of the house, so that later you do not have to do alterations.

Prepare the electrical wiring

Particular attention should be paid to electrical wiring.

In order for the wiring not to heat up, you should follow the rule: 1 mm2 of the wire section corresponds to a current strength of 8 A.

And most importantly, if the house or apartment was not intended for heating with electricity, then you will either have to install an electric boiler and bring a separate input to it.

In the process of arranging, it is important to prepare everything you need in advance.

Option number 1. Infrared heaters

This is an innovative and high-tech way of heating houses and apartments.

One of the most effective, but expensive methods. The principle is based on the emission of long-wave infrared waves, which freely propagate in the air and, hitting an opaque surface, heat it.

As a result, we do not heat the air in the room, but objects, which in turn transfer heat to the air. When using this type of heating, uniform rapid heating of the room occurs. There are no losses in this case, which gives high savings and efficiency.

Appearance of equipment

It is carried out in the form of suspended or mobile.

Hanging equipment looks like lamps.

Mobile heaters allows you to direct heat when you need it where you need it.

Film radiant electric heaters

But recently they have been using (PLEN). It is based on heat-resistant plastic, on which emitters (foil plates) are applied. The emitters are connected by copper plates. The film has a thickness of about 4 mm.

PLEN release form

Available in strips different widths and length.

They are also installed vertically, the principle of operation is simple; cold air enters from the bottom of the grilles, passes through the heating elements, heats up and exits through the upper grilles. Heating elements do not dry out the air and create a steady upward flow.

The design includes a thermostat and an electronic unit that controls the heating process, which makes the device economical.

This type of electric heating has the following advantages:

• There are models that can be installed in rooms with high humidity. Have an IP-24 protection class.
• Ease of setup and safety of the device. No exposed parts bare wires. The outer screen heats up to a temperature of 30-40 degrees Celsius. That allows you to use them in children's rooms.
• Silent operation.
• A wide range of models and design solutions.
• Complicated piping and individual rooms are not required.
• Ease of installation and connection.

There are also special convectors that are installed in the thickness of the floor, in front of doors or panoramic windows. It should be noted that this species effective, only in houses with high thermal insulation.

Option number 3. Electric floors

The principle is based on the fact that from the heated floor surface, warm air flows are evenly distributed to the ceiling.

It can be used as the main type of heating of the room, and auxiliary. Heating cables or heating mats can be used as a working element.

Cables are usually laid under a concrete screed, which in turn heats up and accumulates thermal energy. Cables can be single-core or two-core. The principle of operation is simple through the wire passes electricity, resulting in heating of the conductor.

Heating mats are easy and convenient to install. If the cable is placed directly in the concrete screed, then the mats can be placed under the floor finish.

There is a kind of mats made in the form of rods, two conductors are placed in parallel. Then they are connected by jumpers in the form of rods. Main Feature is that if one element fails, the mat continues to function.

Subject to the installation technology and use high quality materials, this type of heating will last up to 80 years. The control is carried out by a thermostat unit, and the temperature sensor is installed in the thickness of the floor.

This type of heating, as the main type of heating, is not effective. It is often used as an additional source of heat, usually to create comfort zones stay.

Option number 4. Electric boiler

The principle of heating in is to build an extended system of pipelines and radiators throughout the area of ​​a country house.

A liquid coolant (water) circulates in the system. In winter, you will have to drain the coolant. Is one of the most effective option heating.

According to the method of heating, all boilers are divided into:

1. Electrode.
2. Shadow.
3. Induction.

Electrode boilers

So, electrode action boilers are based on the work of an electrolyte (a liquid that conducts electric current). Since, the current in our network is variable with an oscillation frequency of 50 Hz. These fluctuations excite fluctuations in the tones of the electrolyte, as a result of which we get a rapid heating of the entire volume of the electrolyte.

An electrode is used as an ion exciter; it usually looks like a graphite rod. And as an electrolyte, only water with a certain value of resistivity is used.

The use of non-freezing liquids is strictly prohibited!

The pluses include: high efficiency about 98%. Fast heating. It depends on the frequency of the current in the network, and little depends on voltage drops. Overheating of the boiler is not possible; in the absence of electrolyte, the boiler simply turns off.

The disadvantages include: the electrode is destroyed over time and needs to be replaced, you can replace it yourself. Electrode boilers always work at full capacity and nothing more, hence the problem of automation. A ground loop is required to install the device.

The composition of the electrolyte should be constantly maintained and the system should be cleaned every year.

The boiler kit includes: Control block.

You will have to buy an expansion tank and a pump yourself.

Boilers with heating elements

The heater is made of a metal conductor, which is packed in a waterproof case. The conductor is heated by passing an electric current.

Due to the fact that the heater is packed in a case, the efficiency drops sharply to 80%. To ensure high-quality heating, several heating elements are used simultaneously. Modern boilers on heating elements - heaters, equipped with modern automation, programmatic shutdown of heating elements in stages, to maintain the set indicators.

The main disadvantage is the formation of scale on the heaters, which leads to their malfunction. Modern, you have to add special drugs to the system.

Induction boilers

The principle of operation is similar to that of an electrical transformer.

The primary winding coil is fixed in the boiler body. The coil is sealed and does not come into contact with water. An alternating current is passed through this coil.

The role of the secondary winding is played by a system of tubes through which the liquid circulates. Since the secondary winding (pipe system) is located in the electromagnetic field of the primary coil, it induces voltage there. And when we close the secondary circuit, a current begins to flow through it, resulting in a quick and uniform heating.

In such a system, there are practically no losses and the efficiency is 100%.

The approximate weight of such boilers is about 20 kg, the power is about 2-3 kW. This boiler can heat a room of about 30 sq.m.

Installation is simple, the device has threaded connections for tapping into the system and control unit.

Vortex induction boilers

Such boilers are elements of a variety of induction boilers.

The electrical power is converted to high-frequency because of this, there is a rapid increase in tension. secondary winding no. Its role is played by the case, which is made of an alloy with ferrimagnetic properties.

As a result of the action of Foucault eddy currents, magnetization reversal occurs, which causes heating of all ferromagnetic surfaces. Efficiency is about 99%. Boilers of this type are very heavy. They have a wide range of models.

Advantages when using induction boilers

As a working fluid, both water and low-temperature fluids can be used. Service life over 10 years. Heating of the coolant occurs quickly, and the control unit will allow you to adjust the entire system as accurately as possible.

Scale is not formed. The efficiency of boilers of this type is 20-30% higher than that of boilers of similar types.

disadvantages

High weight, which requires special attention during installation. There are complaints about a slight vibration during operation of the device. High cost, minimum cost of 30,000 rubles.

Option number 5. Air conditioning

Also referred to as houses and apartments.

As experts say, energy costs are negligible when operating an air conditioner, but installation, maintenance and purchase of the equipment itself is a costly business. Adjustment is quite simple and convenient. Used to maintain comfortable temperature in a separate room.

The main disadvantage is that it requires constant professional maintenance.

Option number 6. Oil coolers

The efficiency of such a device is 100%. Very mobile, all models have wheels. Has a shape cast iron battery, due to the ribbing, the heat exchange area increases.

Even after switching off, the oil cooler gives off heat for a long time.

Option number 7. Thermal fans

A nichrome coil is used as a heating element.

To organize individual electric heating, you can use a variety of variety of devices and fixtures. Your attention is given to an overview common benefits electrical systems, as well as the most important information about the available electrical heating options. After studying the information provided, you can choose the most suitable devices for you and organize the most efficient and profitable heating.

To understand all the advantages of electric heating, you need to compare it with others. existing options heating of a private house. For example, what needs to be done to install a gas heating system? At a minimum, spend a fairly serious amount on the purchase of the necessary units and set aside several weeks to bypass various authorities and obtain the required permits.

Electric heating does not require any prior permits. You just need to buy equipment, install it yourself or with the help of installers and connect it to the network. The whole job takes a day, rarely two.

Under any circumstances, you will spend less money than for the arrangement of a boiler room, the laying of gas pipelines and the purchase of a boiler.

Electric heaters do not need a separate boiler room. Underfloor heating, convectors, fan heaters, infrared heaters - all this is installed in convenient location, fits under the floor screed or hung on the walls.

Gas heating is potentially hazardous. If connected and operated incorrectly, the boiler can poison the residents of the house or even explode. Electric heaters are completely safe, you just need to follow basic safety precautions.

Electrical installations are much more reliable than district heating systems. Abandoning central heating, the owner of the house frees himself from not the most profitable and convenient cooperation with utilities.

Electric heating does not force its owner to allocate a separate place for storing fuel and constantly think about the need for regular replenishment of fuel

The question of the economic benefits of heating a house with electricity deserves special attention. Previously it was believed that electric heating is the most expensive option. individual heating. And this statement was absolutely correct. Today, the situation has changed dramatically.

1. First, the home owner can install a multi-tariff meter. In most regions of the country, electricity is charged differently day and night. Thanks to this meter, heating costs can be reduced significantly.
2. Secondly, the system can be equipped with heat storage accumulators. Such devices are connected to the network at night, when electricity is as cheap as possible. When connected to the mains internal elements Such storage devices, made of high-tech magnesite, accumulate heat, and after being disconnected from the network, they release the accumulated electricity to the house.

A compact sensor is responsible for the correct operation of the drive. It also helps to regulate the temperature in the premises and allows you to maintain a comfortable microclimate. Drives are absolutely safe and are sold at a relatively affordable cost. Of course, you will have to spend more money on installing a heating system, but all expenses will pay off very quickly, because. the considered devices allow to reduce the cost of electricity up to 5-7 times.

The most popular option for electric heating are special infrared installations. Such devices work according to a special principle that compares favorably with the operation of other existing heating systems.

If classical heating, regardless of what exactly it uses as fuel, first heats the air, and then it gives off the temperature to surrounding objects and people, then the infrared heater will immediately give heat to objects located in its zone of action.

Exist stationary heaters and special infrared films which can be conveniently attached to any desired location.

The procedure for installing such heating is extremely simple.

First step. Unpack the infrared heater.

Second step. Read the manufacturer's instructions carefully.

Third step. Install the heater in the desired location if it is a stationary model or fix the film to the selected surface if it is a film heater. During installation, be guided by the safety recommendations given in the instructions for the selected equipment.

Films usually have an adhesive reverse side, which makes it possible to fix them without special efforts. Otherwise, refer to the manufacturer's instructions for mounting recommendations.

Fourth step. Connect the equipment to the mains.

The most popular option for electric heating of a private house is based on the use of a floor heating system. Such heating can be arranged in any room of the house, even in the bathroom.

If desired, you can opt for a "smart" model of electric underfloor heating. Special sensors and other automation tools will allow the system to determine the temperature in the room and independently change the power to ensure maximum comfortable conditions. Installation of such heating is carried out in several stages.

First stage. Thoroughly clean and level the base with a concrete screed.

Second phase. Lay insulation and waterproofing material on the dried base.

Third stage. Install underfloor heating. There are several modifications. The instructions for the system you have chosen will provide the optimal laying scheme.

Fourth stage. Install thermostat and other related elements, and then connect the underfloor heating to the mentioned electronics. Manufacturers provide recommendations for the placement of all mechanisms, as well as their connection to each other, in the instructions for their products.

Fifth stage. Pour the concrete screed and wait until it dries.

Sixth stage. Lay the selected topcoat on the dried screed.

No less popular units for electric heating of a private house are convectors with their many modifications in the form of thermal curtains, "guns" and fan heaters.

Thermal curtains in residential premises are not used. They are usually placed above doorways. When the door is opened, the air curtain automatically turns on and does not allow cold air to enter the room.

For installation, it is enough to fix the device above the doorway and connect it to the network. Depending on the features of a particular design, the order of its connection may have individual features. Therefore, be sure to carefully study the instructions for the air curtain you purchased.

In private homes, they are also used very rarely, except for heating basements. Working to the limit simple principle: the unit is connected to the mains, the built-in fan starts to pump air, which passes through the built-in heating element and evenly heats the surrounding space. No special installation measures are required, it all comes down to connecting the unit to the network.

Electric heaters usually used as additional sources heat. In rooms of a small area, they can be used as the only and main heating. The built-in regulator allows you to easily set the desired fan power and provide a comfortable indoor climate.

Modern models deprived of the main drawback of their predecessors - fan heaters no longer dry the air. An additional advantage of such heaters is the ease of connection and use - the device is simply placed in a convenient place, connected to the network and set to the required power.

An excellent option for an electric heating device is to use electric oil heaters. They have attractive design and fit perfectly into the environment. Typically, such heaters are mounted under a window opening instead of a standard battery, or they are placed on the side of a doorway.

Installation is extremely simple.

First stage. Make marks for installing fasteners. On the body of the oil heater there are special elements with which it will be hung on fasteners. Place the heater body on the installation site and mark these overhangs.

Second phase. Drill holes in the wall according to the markings.

Third stage. Fasten the fasteners in the prepared holes. Usually hooks for hanging heaters are factory-fitted. Otherwise, you will have to purchase these products from a hardware store.

Fourth stage. Connect electric oil heater to the network and put on desired mode work. Modern models can be equipped with sensors, thanks to which the heating power will be set automatically. If your model can also work in conjunction with such sensors, install them according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Not only an efficient source of heating, but also an excellent design decision will become electric fireplaces. There are models that work in constant mode and "smart" modifications. The latter are equipped with special sensors that can respond to changes in room temperature and equalize it to a comfortable level.

Installation of electric fireplaces performed in the same manner as the installation of the previously discussed electric oil heaters.

There are several types of electric fireplaces, namely:

• classic models. The design of such units is as similar as possible to the design of traditional "wood" fireplaces. The decoration of such devices is usually carried out using wood, stone and other natural materials;
• economy units. A budget option with a minimum of settings and functions. They usually have a small heating radius and are suitable for use in small rooms;
• devices in modern style. Made from expensive and high quality metals. High-tech style fireplaces are equipped with functional automation. Perfectly fit into the interior and contribute to the creation of the most comfortable microclimate;
• inserts. Designed more for decorating rooms, and not for heating. Although they do a pretty good job with the heating function. Usually built into plasterboard walls. Finished construction looks impressive, stylish and presentable.

Conclusions about electric heating

Thus, to date, statements about the high cost of electric heating have completely ceased to be relevant. There are several compelling pieces of evidence for this:

• electric heaters are compact in size. Their work does not require the laying of additional pipelines, the arrangement of boiler rooms, the organization of places for fuel storage, etc.;
• electric heating can be installed and configured independently, without the involvement of third-party specialists and additional costs;
• the operation of electrical systems can be fully automated;
• heaters do not make noise and do not emit substances harmful to humans during operation.

Thus, with the help modern devices it is possible to equip the most efficient and comfortable electric heating of a private house. At the same time, all stages for the installation of systems without any difficulty are carried out by hand. It is enough just to study the manufacturer's instructions and do not forget the recommendations received.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself electric heating of a private house

Most have an impressive area, and due to the fact that Russia is a non-resort country in which summer reigns all year round, this same area needs to be somehow heated in winter period. For these purposes, there is a whole arsenal of diversity, but due to large volumes many options hit hard on the pocket. If you correctly approach this issue, it turns out that electricity is the most economical way.

Read in the article

Types of electric heating of a private house

Heating by electricity can be divided into several categories: spot, general, combined. Below, the varieties and principles of operation of electrical appliances of such a plan are described in detail.

Spot heating with space heaters

The domestic market can offer a huge range in the segment. The pricing policy will allow you to choose models of both economy class and premium units. In order not to get confused in the options, they are divided into subgroups:

• . Based on the work of needle or x-shaped heating elements.

• . They have a lot of advantages, which ensures comfort during their operation. Excellent controlled heat dissipation generated by infrared emitter, will be able to fully warm you not only indoors, but also on the street.

The design is a concave aluminum reflector with a special heat-repellent coating that concentrates and directs all thermal energy in a certain direction. There are models that have a moving base that provides heating at 90, 180 or 360 degrees.

• Oil heaters. An old acquaintance who managed to warm more than one generation of families. Its ability to heat up more than 100 degrees, while consuming an acceptable amount of energy, has won many fans. The mineral oil that is inside the heater does not expand when heated strongly with a heating element, which increases the operating temperature.

Description of popular models and systems for heating

To fully determine the most profitable models, you need to analyze a whole ton of material about the characteristics and performance indicators. Of course, there is on the Internet a large number of TOPs describing the most popular models of heaters in their segment (one of the best TOP 10 electric heaters is presented here), but in fact the choice can be limited. This is done according to the following criteria:

• Required power;
• Mounting method;
• Safety protection class;
• Required additional features;
• Case dimensions;
• Design;
• The budget for the purchase;

Having made a list, you can easily choose the appropriate option.

Overview of electric boilers for heating private houses: prices for the most popular models

Here is a list of the most popular manufacturers who have distinguished themselves by excellent quality and excellent performance. Heating in a private house with an electric boiler (cost in the table below) is considered an alternative in the absence of a gas main.

Table of electric boilers

Image	Manufacturer	Number of circuits		power, kWt	Area, m2	price, rub.
	EVAN-S1-3	one		3	25	7 500
	RUSNIT 204	one		4	30	9 600
	Ferroli Zews (Zeus) 6	two		6	60	29 500
	Protherm SKAT 9KR	two		9	90	31 000
	Wespe Heizung W.H. Foreman 8	one		8	80	15 000
	Zota-Economic 7.5	one		7.5	70	10 000
	Vaillant eloBLOCK VE 6		two	6	65	33 000

Heating the house with electricity. The most economical way for you

All explanations about savings will be considered on the example, which has an area of ​​​​100 m2.

1. Calculation of the cubic capacity of the room. Having 100 squares, they need to be multiplied by the height of the ceiling, for example, 2.7 meters, it turns out 270 m3. This building has an average degree of insulation, which means that it is necessary to add another 10 percent to the power. Having collected the parameters in a bunch, the following result is obtained (270/20) + 10% \u003d 15 kW
2. Purchase of equipment. Pipes, taps, fittings, and other nonsense will cost about 30,000 rubles. As for the boiler, assuming that there is no 380V in the house, it is recommended to purchase two electrode boilers, each with a power of 7 kW. The cost of one is on average 15,000 rubles.
3. Management of the entire system. Have to buy electronic controller, with full stuffing. Boiler scheduling for the week ahead, boiler depending on the weather outside and many others desired functions. The cost of this miracle of technology is about 10,000 rubles.
4. Installation costs. Depending on the region of residence, the cost varies, but on average it is 30 percent of the cost of the entire system.
5. Additional, but not mandatory, power supply. Solar panels with a power of 3 kW will cost you 80,000 rubles.

What happened in the end? The total cost without solar panels is 70,000 rubles. Power consumption is 14 kW / h, for a day of operation of two boilers at a street temperature of -10, consumption will be about 90 kW / day. The cost of a kilowatt of light is 5.38 rubles, which means 90x5.38x30=14526 rubles per month. If we count with installed solar panels, then the amount of expenses will be 11,500 rubles.

This is one of hundreds of options, what to choose is up to you.

Note! To understand how to heat a house with electricity economically, you need to know some tricks. One of them is the installation of a three-tariff meter.

Overview of the latest solutions in electrical heating systems

It can be immediately noted that all latest developments very expensive, but they have good trend they quickly pay off.

• Solar collectors that heat water. Such panels are placed on the roofs of houses with sunny side. They show themselves very effectively in sunny regions. They have a fairly high efficiency and the maximum level of environmental friendliness. And the downside is the impossibility of operation in the dark. In most cases, they are installed

There are many types of heating. One of them is heating with electricity. In this case, electrical energy is taken as the main energy converted into heat. Moreover, the transformation is carried out in several ways. Let's dwell on them in more detail.

There are five main types of heating based on the use of electrical energy. The sixth type is the generation and use of own electricity for one's own needs. different methods- a topic for a separate discussion, so we will not consider it in this article.

The main types of electric heating

1. Electric boilers with heating circuit.
2. Heating electrical convectors.
3. System electric underfloor heating.
4. fan heaters, electrical heat guns(curtains) and oil coolers(heaters).

Let's say right away that almost all electric heating systems are considered expensive to operate. This is due the price of electricity. Is it possible to heat with electricity along with other types of fuel and not overpay? Below we will try to find out by considering the features of each type of electric heating.

The principle of operation, the pros and cons of each type

Electric boilers operate on the principle of heating the liquid in an external heating circuit connected to them.

They are of two types:

• boilers with installed heaters - heating elements;
• electrode boilers.

Everyone knows the usual heating elements. Such heaters are installed in the body of the electric boiler, where they heat running water. As the water heats up, it circulates even more in the system. Circulation pumps are almost always installed - for better pressure and water circulation. Usually in one boiler, manufacturers mount 3-4 heating elements. Depending on the mode, they are switched on one by one, in groups or all together. The power range of most manufactured boilers - from 3 to 50 kW. There are models that operate on a single-phase (220 V) and three-phase (380 V) network. As a rule, more powerful boilers are connected to a 3-phase network.

The electrode boiler is different in that the electric current passes from one electrode to another directly through the liquid, which is heated as a result. Usually, not water is used as a liquid, but a special antifreeze liquid or antifreeze a certain brand. From domestic manufacturers, electrode boilers of the Galan brand are widely used. The power of boilers of this type - from 5 to 25 kW.

The advantages of all electric boilers are as follows:

• small overall dimensions;
• ease of installation and control (push-button switches or electronic unit);
• accurate and fast temperature control;
• the ability to connect remote room temperature sensors;
• silent operation;
• relatively low cost of boilers;
• environmentally friendly (as a result of which a chimney is not needed);
• high efficiency.

The disadvantages include the following:

• fairly high electricity bills heating season(the cost of electricity makes itself felt);
• for heating boilers over time (in a few years) the heating element - The heating element is covered with deposits, scum, and, sooner or later, fails;
• also, heating boilers in the absence of water (or a small amount of it) in the circuit fail - the heating elements burn out;
• most boilers need good wiring calculated according to the power of the boiler with a margin for other needs;
• as a result of incorrect calculations or savings, often electrical boilers can't handle the load- cannot fully provide the house with heat, not to mention water for household needs;
• boilers do not heat the house immediately, but with some (small) delay;
• the operation of all electric boilers is directly dependent on voltage and power electrical network, and electrode boilers, in addition, change their power depending on the composition and temperature of the liquid in the heating system.

Use the heating element as a working element. Only here it is not installed in water, but is enclosed in a ceramic insulator and a beautiful safe body made of aluminum or steel. In other words, the heating comes from the warm body of the device and the air inside it. The heated air begins to rise upward, giving way to colder air, circulation and heating of the air in the room begin.

• floor;
• wall-mounted- flat rectangles of different sizes;
• can be built-in or external;
• always inside built-in thermostat(or electronic control unit) that maintains the desired temperature.

Such devices can be installed anywhere. They are quite warm rooms quickly of course, if their number and power are accurately calculated. Practically do not demand management: the thermostat will support the chosen mode. Modern models do not dry the air their case is reliably isolated from the heating element, due to which the body parts do not heat up more than 60 degrees and the device can be used in wet rooms.

The disadvantages include low power one convector - a large number of them will be needed to heat the building. The wiring must withstand the total power of all convectors (usually the power of one appliance is from 1 to 3 kW).

Became popular recently. Their principle is to convert electricity into infrared rays(quartz emitter), which, in turn, heat up any object just in their path.

Structurally, they can be performed:

• flat wall or floor rectangles
• as various devices on legs

Heater power different models ranges from 0.25 to 3-4 kW. Usually there is a step power regulator.

Such heaters can heat the air quickly in a certain area. This is their plus and minus. To fully heat the room, you will need quite a lot of them. For normal heating of the room, there are systems of infrared warm floors or walls. Of course, they are more economical than other types of electric heating, but the total cost of all heaters is still quite high.

The efficiency of infrared heaters is due to the fact that they can be directed only to the desired areas of heating. At the same time, in one room it is possible to make zones with different temperature conditions. In addition, if a person is in the zone of action of the heater's rays, he himself will heat up a little (although the air will not be so hot), and will subjectively feel more comfortable. Such devices more economical than electric boilers by 20−35%.

It is a thin current conductors mounted in the floor.

Structurally performed:

• cable, laid on right areas gender (waves, zigzags, stripes)
• as films with applied conductor (according to the type printed circuit boards radio equipment).

The conductor is always made of certain materials, for current it represents a lot of resistance. So heats up during current flow. As a result, the floor itself heats up, then giving off heat to the air in the room.