How to cover the wooden floor in a wooden house. What is more practical to cover a wooden floor? Lacquer for wooden surfaces

By choosing wood as a flooring finish, homeowners are looking to add coziness and comfort to their home interiors.

Eco-friendly, natural and very warm material very pleasant and easy to use, but rather capricious in handling.

Choose the quality and texture of the wood coating, retaining all its properties, but adding strength and resistance to external influences- the task is not easy. Consider how to cover a wooden floor, depending on the flooring area. What properties will be added to wood different types coverage?

Properties of coating materials

Wood flooring must be covered with a protective compound

Floorboards, parquet or plywood should not be left unfinished. There are various impregnations and coating materials that add strength to wood. The whole range of materials is designed to protect wood from:

• exposure to high humidity;
• insects, mold and rot;
• drying out under the action of UV rays;
• rapid aging.

Of course, not all these qualities are combined in the coating in different proportions, therefore, depending on the place of flooring, it is worth choosing a wood processing material.

Besides, modern designers interiors, a little less than a hundred different types of wood are used in the works, which have distinctive performance properties and require different care.

Wood: pros and cons

The tree is environmentally friendly and has good thermal insulation properties.

What types of coatings exist and what qualities do they add to wood? Decide on natural virtues and disadvantages of natural material.

When installing a homemade wooden floor in a room, the owner must understand what qualities the floor will have and what they will have to face.

Among the advantages this material lovely thermal insulation properties, sufficient strength, ease of repair and environmental friendliness.

The disadvantages include:

When choosing a material for processing wood flooring, you should give preference to the type of coating that will enhance weak sides while maintaining the natural texture and environmental friendliness.

Types of coating materials

Protective compounds not only cover the wood with a stable film, but also show the texture, give shine

Every tree is affected external environment and has the above disadvantages to a greater or lesser extent.

To strengthen wood, give it additional strength, preserve the natural texture and shade, use one of the following materials based on natural and synthetic substances:

• oil;
• paint;
• wax.

A well-chosen coating material will enhance the natural properties of wood, adding strength to its operational characteristics.

By using correct processing from ordinary pine or birch boards you can create the look of a wooden expensive coverage mahogany or wenge.

How to cover the wooden floor in the house, you should choose depending on the purpose of the room.

Coating material	Advantages	Can not use
varnish	protects wood from fungi and microorganisms	On a tree previously treated with drying oil or oil; In rooms with high humidity; In open street buildings: gazebos, verandas
Oil	increases the wear resistance and durability of wood	In rooms with fluctuations in humidity and temperature levels; On the floor in an underfloor heating system
Dye	increases the period of operation of the tree at times, protects against biological factors	Without Borders
Wax	used for finishing coating after processing with other materials	In rooms with a high possibility of mechanical damage

When choosing how to cover the finishing wooden floor, carefully study the properties of the coating.

Varnishes and paints

The chemical composition of varnishes for wood coatings includes natural resins or synthetic polymer compounds.

Thanks to this composition, varnishes create a solid protective film on the wood surface, protecting the material from fungus, insects and moisture.

At the same time, the varnish retains the texture and enhances the brightness of wood shades. The basis for the formation of the varnish composition determines the quality of the solvent. For different types varnish is used:

Depending on the solvent, the time to reach maximum strength for varnishes is different. Fastest this process passes at alcohol varnishes.

The surface, opened with such a varnish, is ready for use immediately after the coating has completely dried, which has gained maximum strength.

Water-based varnish gains strength within 10 days, it is not worth exploiting such a floor earlier, the coating will lose its gloss and evenness.

There is a misconception that water-dispersion varnishes are inferior to others in terms of coating strength. After complete drying, the layer of such varnish is not only not inferior, but often surpasses other types in strength.

Paint is easy to apply by hand

Wood paint has the same properties as varnishes, with one difference - this type of coating is opaque.

The most commonly used acrylic and alkyd coatings. The advantages of paint for wood include:

• ease of coating
• ease of maintenance of the treated surface,
• budget,
• long service life of the coating.

Among the minuses, there is only one property: the paint hides the natural beauty of the wood, and the material looks rather unaesthetically. Read more about how to paint the floor in wooden house see in this video:

Oil and wax

The oil forms a strong film without changing the color of the coating.

Oil coating has historically been used for wooden surfaces. Modern oil varnishes are made on the basis of vegetable oils and synthetic polyurethane polymers.

Such a covering layer perfectly preserves the tree, making it resistant to external factors. The layer of such a coating can be absolutely transparent, preserving and enhancing the color and texture of wood. At the same time, oil makes it possible to add a shade to the tree, while maintaining texture.

Depending on the concentration of oil in the varnish, the degree of penetration of the varnish into the wood will be different: the less oil in the composition, the deeper the solution will penetrate. The treated surfaces become wear-resistant and durable. If natural wood was used in wood processing vegetable oil, then to fix the effect, the surface is treated with wax.

The composition is usually prepared from beeswax, flax oil and some additives. The waxed floor has increased resistance to moisture, but is completely defenseless against physical influences. At the same time, wax enhances the textural appeal of wood, and is used to enhance the effect in woody floor compositions. Rarely used as a protective layer. For information on how to properly oil the floors, see this video:

Wooden floors are perfect for creating any style of interior. At correct coverage wood will fill the house with comfort and warmth, delighting the owners with exquisite beauty and uniqueness.

Strengthening the natural covering, its decorative processing and applying the finish glossy finish constitute the main stages of work with wooden floors in order to preserve their integrity for a long time.

Naturally, the goal of all work on wooden floor becomes its protection, ensuring the durability of the created coating and giving the surface a more aesthetic appearance, pleasing to the eye and to the touch. When thinking about what you can cover first of all with a new wooden floor in a house, it should be understood that natural coating requires not only decorative finishing, but also a competent approach to the processing of deep layers of wood. Protective treatment, which increases the strength and density of the wood coating, is carried out in order to preserve it, increase its wear resistance and resistance to mechanical damage, such as, for example, abrasion, trauma from impacts and many other accidental incidents.

How to protect the floor surface in the house

The used paints and varnishes, oils and wax for wood have a positive effect on the elimination of the disadvantages inherent in this type of coating. The problems with the high hygroscopicity of all natural materials that really complicate the process of decorating the surface are. This means that the wooden layer can absorb a certain amount of moisture, and this process will further lead to its swelling, deformation and increase the vulnerability of the coating, to damage to the new base.

Another major problem is the exposure of untreated wood materials rotting, insect invasions, which are difficult to get rid of. Processing with appropriate means will solve this problem, but it must be done in a timely manner and the condition of the wood covering should be monitored during its further operation. Lacquer coatings reliably protect the wooden floor from pests and fungal infections. Lacquering is the most common method of processing precious woods. The choice of type of varnish and the method of processing depends on the structure of the wood species used and on the operating conditions of the floor.

High-quality protection can also be carried out with the use of oil. The compositions of modern oil products make it possible to produce floors with bright rich colors, well protected from mechanical influences and bacterial invasions. The technique of applying the oil and preparing it is not more or less complicated than varnishing, one must choose according to the appearance, according to which one seems more pleasant. It will no longer be possible to varnish a wooden floor covered with oil or a pro-oiled base.

Wax products can also protect the upper wooden layer from cracking, from moisture, from the influence of ultraviolet rays, but they are not able to protect it from aggressive mechanical influences. Wax cannot be considered durable, waxing must be done quite often, at least twice a year and, depending on the degree of wear of the coating, even more often with high traffic in the house.

How varnish is applied

The means used for such protection are being developed on different bases, exist:

• water-soluble varnishes distinguishable by the composition of the components;
• more delicate alkyd, emphasizing the structure of wood;
• providing greater strength than other types of coatings, polyurethane multicomponent;
• acid varnishes on wood look surfaces.

On sites subject to precipitation, varnishing is not done, paint composition will certainly suffer from excessive moisture, the surface will become cloudy and crack, other compositions are used for outdoor woodwork.

When working with new floors, preparing them for varnishing, you should carefully examine the attachment points of the floorboards, achieve the same level the entire surface, if necessary, carefully level the existing defects, nail heads. After polishing the floor, a primer varnish is used, which dries quickly, in almost a few hours, and allows a further layer of varnish to lie better on the smoothed surface. The priming varnish must correspond to the brand of the future varnished coating. In addition to priming varnishes, there are other stains and impregnations that allow you to protect wood from fungi and decay, as well as strengthen the surface wooden layer. Then, drying in layers, varnish is applied. These manipulations may take long time up to several weeks. The drying rate largely depends on the initial moisture content of the wood. Heavily damp floors may take longer to dry. three months, therefore, experts recommend starting varnishing in the fall, since the likelihood that the wood has dried out over the summer is higher, and the floor can be put into operation faster. Old floors are first cycled, removing the dilapidated upper layer, then eliminate the gaps and then varnish as new.

Floor scraping

Lacquering a wooden floor

Lacquered floor

Varnish selection

Having decided to use a water-soluble varnish as a protective layer, you need to read the instructions that came with the product and understand how often it will have to be reapplied. The service life of single-component and multi-component varnishes differ. Water-soluble varnish dries faster than all other types of varnish and therefore is most often used in the treatment of wood floors.

The most long-serving and resistant to mechanical stress in the house are coatings treated polyurethane varnishes. They are used in crowded places if there are animals in the house that can damage the surface.

Long-drying alkyd varnishes treat wood, carefully emphasizing its structure. The appearance of such floors seems the most natural, with a pronounced wood structure.

Acid curing varnishes give the surface special strength, such a coating is not afraid of temperature changes, resistant to moisture.

Floor protection with wax or oil

Wax can protect wood from moisture, scratches and insects. Wax does not save wood from mechanical injuries. The wax surface is obtained with a very beautiful noble sheen, thoroughly emphasizes the structure of the wood species, it turns out pleasant to the touch, and is not afraid of temperature fluctuations. This coverage needs to be renewed twice a year. Modern oils with hard waxes are easy to apply, have pleasant smell and perfectly restore the surface.

Oil formulations do not give the surface such a shine as varnishing. The oils work well with the structure of the wood, penetrating and enriching the layers. When choosing a composition for processing, it must be taken into account that metal furniture cannot be placed on oily surfaces, the coatings will react and blackening marks from furniture legs will remain on the floor. Oily surfaces are also afraid of sudden changes in temperature and are not suitable for holding a warm base.

Wax does not save the wooden floor from mechanical damage

Is it possible, after laying a wood flooring, not to cover it with anything

Modern wood floors have high quality processing. Sooner or later, moisture, temperature changes, household use will do their job, and the surface will lose its initial gloss and good texture, so experts recommend treating floors in order to protect them. As an option, in which varnish, paint, wax are not applied to the coating, the Scandinavian method of wood processing is used. During processing, the coating is carefully ground, cleaned of the resulting dust and washed with water and soapy components. The cleanliness of the surface cannot last forever, such a coating will have to be washed quite often, it will have a high tendency to become dirty, and it will also need to be spared from mechanical stress, chipping and abrasion.

The smoothness of the floor surface, its gloss and resistance to moisture increases due to the treatment, but washing wood flooring always followed with minimal application of moisture, this will help to keep any coating longer.

Practice shows that wood remains the most popular material for arranging floors in private cottages and country houses. But for strength and durability, it needs additional finishing. Let's talk about how to cover the floor in the country, if it is made of wood.

Why is it worth painting wooden floors in the country?

Even though today you can get huge amount different materials for flooring, wood remains the leader in this field. This trend can be explained large quantity positive qualities that he has.

It's ecological safe material, which has a long service life and high aesthetics appearance. It is absolutely clean in ecological terms, does not contain toxic substances and has a delicate natural aroma.

However, with all its advantages, such a material needs an additional protective coating. After all, it is not sufficiently resistant to moisture.

A great way to extend the service life natural wood is the possibility of painting it different kind finishing materials. This contributes to greater practicality and durability of the material.

Moreover, it is worth painting only the boards of the veranda that are tightly adjacent to each other or country house. Only in this case the paintwork will acquire high protective properties and attractive appearance.

What product to use for floors?

Boardwalk on the veranda suburban area can be covered with several coating options. They differ in their cost, external aesthetics and color palette. Let's talk about each next.

Enamel: give the floor a solid color

Enamel compounds are often used for painting metal and wood structures.

This tool has high density, so it will completely hide the natural texture and pattern of natural wood. Therefore, it makes sense to use it if the boards have defects that need to be hidden.

Using this material, you can get monophonic color solution wooden floors.

Antiseptic composition: protecting the boardwalk from harmful bacteria

This is a very useful tool that significantly extends the life of wooden structures. It helps to increase the resistance of wood to excessive humidity, prevents the formation of mold, fungus and rot.

In the future, the floors should be painted with paint or varnish, because the antiseptic, regardless of its cost, will not visually add any additional aesthetics to the wood and will not protect it from mechanical or atmospheric influences.

Lacquer for wooden surfaces

Wooden floor country house requires additional protection from external factors that have a negative impact on wood. This is high humidity in the room, small rodents, mold, bark beetles and other insects. And for this purpose, varnish is widely used.

According to its aesthetics, it can be glossy, matte or semi-matte. Each of the described types is characterized by a certain aesthetic effect.

The glossy lacquer composition has a bright sheen, but over time it can rub off from frequent walking on the floor of the veranda.

Matte and semi-gloss varnish does not shine. But such a tool is highly resistant to impact and perfectly protects wooden structures from negative factors from the environment.

According to many experts in the field of construction and interior decoration, varnish compositions are more practical to use.

Let's talk in more detail about species diversity varnishes for natural wood.

What varnish is better to choose for the floor in the country?

Among the wide range of varnish that can be used to cover the wooden floor of a country house or veranda, it is important to choose the most suitable one in terms of operational parameters. After all, its different types differ from each other in their properties quite significantly:

• the highest quality indicators, as practice shows, have two-component varnishes made on the basis of isocyanate and acrylic. By mixing them, a very durable acrylic-urethane material is obtained, which is characterized by amazing operational properties. This coating has a long service life;
• a two-component water-dispersion varnish with the addition of acrylic isocyanates is slightly inferior to the first option in terms of its user parameters. It has low resistance to high humidity, and dries fairly quickly. In addition, water-based varnish can lift the "pile" of the wood of the veranda, and this, in turn, requires high-quality polishing of the floor after applying a layer of material to it;
• one-component compositions based on polyurethane dispersion are very durable and easy to use. They are easy to stir, because special care is not required. But they can be stored for a long time;
• alkyd-urethane products with white spirit are practically not used anymore. After all, they are very quickly susceptible to oxidation, do not differ in durability and are very fragile;
• varnish with acid hardeners is best not to purchase in order to paint a wooden floor. They are unsafe for human health, toxic and prone to brittleness.

Do-it-yourself flooring painting: stages and their features

Regardless of the type of flooring, the technology for painting them will include the following steps.

First you need if it was pre-painted. After that, the tree is washed thoroughly, because dirt and dust can be a serious threat to long term paint and varnish services. As a result, the coating will simply begin to lag behind the tree, swell and crack. The washed floor must be given time to dry - it depends on the air temperature and humidity in the room, usually at least two to three days.

If in the future it is planned to paint the boards with enamel, it is worth eliminating the cracks and minor defects on them. To do this, the flaws are puttied and treated with a finely dispersed sandpaper. And when the putty stops showing through, the boards are covered with paint.

If flooring I want to open it with varnish, then the puttying process can be skipped. After all, often such coatings allow you to fully show the beauty of natural wood: its pattern and texture. Moreover, it is better to perform several layers of varnish for an increased degree of protection of the boards from external factors.

Note that to dry finishing layer varnish should be at least a week. Only then the flooring from the boards will be ready for full use.

Conclusion

In order for the wooden floors of the country house to be as durable and attractive as possible, they should be covered with a layer protective agent: varnish or paint. This will increase operating parameters wood and its resistance to negative environmental factors.

Today, many owners of apartments or houses are striving to make environmentally friendly and warm floors from natural wood. However, over time, wooden floors shining with freshness lose not only their visual appeal, but can also be physically destroyed under the influence of various factors.

Therefore, in order to extend the service life wooden floors, they need to be processed special composition, which will reliably protect the wood from destruction. Moreover, you need to choose only those means that are allowed for carrying out exactly internal works. Let's find out how you can cover a wooden floor.

What is the best wood flooring?

Before applying the protective layer, the wooden floor surface must be prepared. To do this, it should be thoroughly cleaned of oils, grease and other substances that reduce absorbent properties. To protect the floor, you can use several types of coatings.

1. Lacquer coating is applied to the wooden floor in 2-3 layers. After that, the varnish should dry for 1-2 weeks. The lacquered surface of the floor suggests that you can only walk on it in soft shoes without heels. Otherwise, the lacquer coating can be quickly scratched.
2. Oil coating, most often made from natural wood or linseed oil, unlike varnish, it is well absorbed into the wood. Therefore, it is great for wooden floors in, or in the kitchen.
3. Another natural wood floor finish is wax, made from beeswax. Such a coating favorably emphasizes the texture of wood and gives it a more intense shade. Waxing a wooden floor is done every 1-2 years.
4. Today, wooden floors are relatively rarely covered with paint. Before painting, the floor must be opened with drying oil or covered with a primer. Let it dry for 3 days. Then you can paint in two layers. The first should dry for about a week, only after that you can paint a second time and also dry the floor well.

There are rooms in a house or apartment where ordinary wooden floors are very short-lived. For example, in the bathroom due to high humidity can rot very quickly and the floors will have to be redone. Therefore, before covering a rough wooden floor with any paint or varnish, any coating that is not afraid of moisture must be laid on top of it. It can be moisture resistant linoleum or laminate.

Well, from the old wooden floor, before covering it with any of the listed products, it is necessary to carefully remove the remnants of the old paint.

For hundreds of years, the highly artistic parquet floors of the Kremlin and Moscow Region have kept their original beauty and delight us. noble estates, palaces of St. Petersburg and Versailles - unique creations of talented architects and serf masters. Times and epochs change the tastes of people, but humanity has never created a more refined and noble floor than wood, be it a laconic deck board or an exquisite parquet ornament. And if the pride of the Hermitage - the parquet of the St. George Hall was created from 16 rare species of wood, then modern architects and designers use more than 60 species in their interiors. Choosing this unsurpassed material, you need to know exactly how to cover the wooden floor so that it is durable and retains its natural beauty for many years.

Wood in the interior creates a special comfortable microclimate in the house, it exudes a delicate aroma, its texture is pleasant to the touch, relieves tension and a person surrounded by wood seems to dissolve in his natural environment.

In the traditions of all peoples, wood remains the most popular material for the floor, thanks to its the best performance:

• High strength and reliability;
• Excellent thermal insulation;
• Availability - renewable natural material;
• Antistatic;
• Anti-allergenic;
• Ability to quickly replace damaged floor areas.

The main advantage of wood - natural origin gives rise to its main disadvantages:

• Low sound insulation;
• High hygroscopicity;
• Soft structure, prone to abrasion, dents and scratches during operation;
• Changing the shape and linear dimensions with changes in temperature and humidity of the environment;
• combustibility;
• subject to decay;
• It is affected by insects and rodents.

Coatings protect the wooden floor from the damaging effects of the environment, increase wear resistance, maintain the natural texture and color of wood

All wooden floors, regardless of what kind of wood they are made of, are endowed with the listed disadvantages to one degree or another and need constant maintenance. additional protection. To protect the wooden floor from the damaging effects of the environment, increase durability, maintain the natural texture and color, three types of special coatings based on natural and synthetic substances are used:

Properly matched to the type of wood and the operating conditions of the floor protective decorative coating, increases its wear resistance, can “ignite” wood species that are dull in color, but beautiful in texture. By using paintwork you can even “turn” familiar and inexpensive wood species into an exotic dark chocolate “wenge” or frankly purple “amaranth”.

Lacquers for wooden floors

Modern wood floor varnish protects the wood well from mold fungi and insects, gives it shine, enhances the effect and brightness of its natural texture. By chemical composition varnish is a solution of solid natural resins or synthetic polymers in solvents. As solvents, liquid resins, vegetable and essential oils, ethyl or methyl alcohols, water. Depending on the solvent, varnishes are:

• Turpentine;
• Oily;
• Alcoholic;
• Water.

The solid base of the varnish can be natural resins, as well as synthetic polyurethane polymers, polyurethane-acrylate copolymers, urethanized artificial resins.

Varnishes based on polyurethane and organic solvents enhance the natural color of the wood, its shade becomes deeper and more saturated, and eventually darkens and acquires a yellowish tint, which is not always desirable. The coating of this type of varnish immediately after complete drying gains maximum strength and is ready for use.

Modern wood floor varnish protects the wood well from mold fungi and insects, gives it shine, enhances the effect and brightness of its natural texture.

Conversely, water-dispersion varnishes based on modified polyurethane dispersions support natural color and structure of wood, without changing it over time. The maximum strength of the water-dispersion varnish coating is gaining for a long time and such a floor can be washed only ten days after applying the varnish.

Important: The strength of the coating based on water-soluble varnishes is not only not inferior to the strength of organic varnish coatings, but often exceeds them in hardness.

When applied to carefully cleaned and prepared wood, varnishes form a strong protective layer on its surface. decorative film, penetrating deep into the material to a depth of not more than 2 mm and not changing its structure. If desired, the varnish coating of the floor can be completely removed from the surface by sanding and any other composition can be applied to it.

• Varnishes as a coating for a wooden floor are not used in the following cases:
• Wood is treated with drying oil or other oil-containing compounds;
• In rooms with high humidity or in contact with water;
• In open spaces: porch, verandas, terraces, gazebos.

Oil: beautiful and durable

Oil coatings as a reliable protective agent for wooden floors have long been widely used by architects and parquet craftsmen, and the luxurious parquet floors of palaces of the 18th-19th centuries that have survived to this day are the best evidence of their effectiveness.

Modern wood flooring oil products contain natural soybean, sunflower or linseed oils, synthetic polyurethane polymers, sometimes hard waxes- a set of substances that perfectly preserves wood and significantly increases its wear resistance. Wood treated with an oil composition becomes resistant to changes in the humidity of the environment, it does not dry out and does not swell, but it can no longer be varnished.

The floor treated with an oil composition becomes wear-resistant, durable and looks natural at the same time.

Unlike varnishes, oils deeply impregnate wood, passing through the pores and creating only a very thin protective film on its surface. As a result, the floor treated with an oil composition becomes wear-resistant, durable and looks natural at the same time. If a clean floor is used as a protective floor covering natural oil, then in the end, to fix the effect, a layer of wax is applied to the surface.

Modern oil compositions for wooden floors, containing polyurethane and wax, initially have all the necessary hardening characteristics. In addition, they can create a glossy, matte or silky-matte surface.

Important: degree of penetration oil composition deep into the wood depends on the concentration of the oil fraction in the solvent. The lower the concentration of oil, the deeper the layer of wood it impregnates and vice versa.

Oils should not be used on wood floors in the following cases:

• In conditions of frequent changes in temperature and humidity;
• As a topcoat in heating systems"warm floor".

Floor protection wax

Wax composition to protect a wooden floor, it is a mixture of beeswax, linseed oil and a small amount of other additives in different proportions, depending on the manufacturer's recipe.

Waxed floors are moisture resistant, but not protected from abrasion and mechanical damage.

Waxed floors are characterized by a noble silky matte shimmer, a distinct wood grain and a slight golden hue. They are moisture resistant, but not at all protected from abrasive action and mechanical damage, they require constant professional expensive maintenance. Waxes in quality protective coatings wooden floors in residential premises are used extremely rarely.

Video: wood waxing

Wooden floors are perfectly combined with all interior styles, filling it special charm and comfort. If you choose the right coating agent and apply it without breaking the technology, then the wooden floor will delight you with its exquisite beauty for a long time.