Do-it-yourself jigsaw machine: drawings, diagrams and reviews. Plywood cutting machine: features of straight cutting, figured sawing, the use of a jigsaw and an engraver with a laser head Homemade jigsaw

If you are into carving and making figurines or parts out of wood, plastic or similar material, you cannot do without a tool whose name is reminiscent of the distant Soviet past: this is a jigsaw.

Jigsaw jigsaw strife, now on sale are both "pioneer" elementary manual models, and electric modern instruments, only remotely resembling the usual files.

You can also make a jigsaw yourself: in the technical literature and the network, many diagrams and drawings of electric jigsaws are offered.

It is not difficult to make such a device, and you will get significant benefits from it. You will be able to independently engage in the production of furniture you need and implement the most daring creative ideas for the interior.

An example of the manufacture of a jigsaw machine.

Homemade jigsaw machine will help you professionally make smooth details of the most bizarre shapes. First you need to decide on the most suitable design for you.

Technical description and components

The schematic diagram of any jigsaw machine is the same for different models.

It must include the following parts:

• file;
• drive with a power of about 150 W;
• rocker for tensioning the file;
• working surface with graduation;
• drilling block, etc.

Consumables are fixed on the working surface. In advanced models, there are special devices for rotary movements of the part, in which the working surface can change the angle of inclination.

The dimensions of the surface will depend on your production and creative plans: the larger the parts you are going to cut, the larger your production table should be. Traditional sizes are usually around 30 - 40 cm.

The types of saw blades are varied. They depend primarily on consumable. The dimensions of the parts for cutting are also important. Conventional saw blades for working with wood have a length of about 35 - 40 cm. They are able to saw parts made of wood or plastic with a thickness of no more than 100 mm.

With different types materials, the files also change, this mainly concerns their width: from 2 to 10 mm. Files can vary in the type of their tails - with or without pins. They are fixed in special device for their tension and smooth sawing. To do this, they have spring-type springs.

Another one the most important detail machine: crank assembly. Its function is difficult to overestimate: it is he who transmits the movement from the drive to the file, turning the rotational movement into translational.

Assembly drawing of a jigsaw machine.

Due to this, the file begins to oscillate with a high frequency, the speed of such oscillations is on average about 800 - 1000 rpm. It is important to remember about the amplitude of vertical vibrations, it should not exceed 50 mm.

In advanced modern jigsaw models, the speed varies depending on the type of consumable. Most desktop models operate in two speed modes. Most often it is 600 and 1000 rpm.

Model range of jigsaw machines

Most often, machines differ in their electric drive power, the range of values ​​​​is huge: from 90 to 500 watts.

Also, these devices are divided into varieties based on their fundamental design:

• universal;
• on suspension;
• with graduation;
• with a caliper in the lower position;
• with double support.

Jigsaws with bottom support

Scheme of machine design elements.

The most used and popular models are machines with a lower support. Their feature is the division of the working frame into the upper and lower parts.

While the upper section contains only one sawing and cleaning device, the lower section contains many working elements: an electric motor, a switch, a transmission unit and a control unit. This design makes it possible to cut sheets of materials of almost any size.

Machines with double support

A home-made jigsaw with a double caliper differs from the lower caliper by the presence in the upper section of a special additional bar and a desktop with the ability to change the angle of inclination and overall height.

These models are designed to work with oversized parts. Such a machine is easier to make than previous model. There are limitations in the materials with which you can work on it: their thickness should not exceed 80 mm.

Hanging machines

The name speaks for itself: the model is mobile, it works without a frame. The fundamental point in this design is the movement of the cutting file, and not the consumable. The module itself is attached to the ceiling, the saw is set in motion manually.

All this gives serious advantages: in this way you can create the most complex patterns, the surface dimensions are not limited by anything.

Graduated devices

The presence of stops and a degree scale make it possible to work on technical drawings, without the slightest error.

Universal machines

Such devices are usually called electric jigsaw. Their feature is the ability to perform several operations such as grinding, polishing, sawing, etc.

How to make a jigsaw machine with your own hands?

We will not stop at the manufacture of the simplest machines: you can easily find such manuals with video support on the net. Let's talk about homemade machines from an electric jigsaw.

Assembling the machine with your own hands.

Here is the sequence of work for their manufacture:

• We make a bed from plywood sheet or plastic.
  The main thing is that the thickness should not be less than 12 mm. The function of the bed is a foundation, a working surface and a place for fixing mechanisms and an electric motor.
• We place a special rocking chair with an eccentric on the opposite side.
  We connect them with metal bar with bearings. All fasteners in the design are screw.
• We make installation of an intermediate shaft.
  To do this, you need to prepare two bearings, put the pulley on the shaft as tightly as possible, then carefully fasten it with screws. Similar actions are performed with an eccentric.
• At the rocking chair, the amplitude of movements should change.
  To do this, you need to change the place of attachment of the screw, for which we drill exactly four threaded holes on the eccentric flange. The holes should be located at different distances from the axis. With a change in the place of attachment of the screw, the swing of the amplitude of the rocking chair will change.
• We make a rocking chair: this is nothing more than wooden rocker arms, into whose rear ends the screws that you built in the previous paragraph are inserted, these are tension screws.
  The rocker arms themselves are hinged to the rack. We fix the file on the front ends of the rocker arms. The previous and present stages must be carried out with special attention and care. The fact is that fastening the file is a fundamentally important thing. Rocker arms with plates are subjected to constant loads during movement due to their rigid screed with screws.
• For a rocking chair you need a stand.
  It will be better if it is made from a whole piece of material. We make a groove for the first rocker arm on the top of the rack. From the lower end we have a special rectangular opening for the second rocker arm.

Your machine is ready. wish cool ideas and their quality implementation.

A desktop jigsaw is an indispensable thing for any owner who is used to doing housework on his own. Especially electric jigsaws are good for residents of the private sector, lovers of manual labor and country rest. From its prototype, ordinary manual jigsaw, desktop electric model gone far enough. A desktop jigsaw makes it easier and faster to cut, not to mention improving quality.

The concept of desktop jigsaw

The jigsaw is a saw, which is characterized by reciprocating movements of the saw blade, which acts as a working body. It has a ski designed to guide the saw blade when moving over the surface that is being processed, and making movements at a frequency of up to 3000 vibrations per minute.

This tool was invented in 1946. Its creator is Albert Kaufman, who replaced the needle in a sewing machine with a blade. The tool appeared on sale in 1947. The manual electric jigsaw has a body with a flat platform and a handle. The main difference between an electric jigsaw and a manual jigsaw is its greater functionality and cutting quality.

Inside is an electric motor and a special mechanism that drives the blade. AT stationary jigsaws there is no handle, and the platform is located on top. In front of the mechanism there is a guide, in the lower part there is a retractable blade that moves and makes cuts.

The tool works as follows: a table jigsaw file is securely fastened with clips in the slider. Reciprocating movements have a frequency of up to 3000 strokes and can be adjusted. The support platform allows the jigsaw to focus on the part being cut, so the work is carried out very accurately.

The purpose of the desktop jigsaw

The jigsaw is an essential accessory for every workshop and every hobbyist. His thin file can successfully cut plywood, copper, iron, thick boards, brass, steel. Tools can be motorized, foot or hand-operated and are more productive. An electric jigsaw is simply indispensable for carpenters, woodworkers, furniture designers, drywall workers who make complex parts.

An electric jigsaw can perform straight and curved cuts on workpieces with complex shapes and various sheet materials without breaking the outer contour. Most often, desktop jigsaws are used for cutting wood and wooden plates, figures with a complex outline from laminate and drywall, plastic blanks, and also for cutting sheet metal.

Desktop electric jigsaw makes clean cuts complex shape and works with small
details. Due to the stable and fixed position during operation, high cutting accuracy is achieved. The file has a stable course thanks to the tension system and guides, which manual jigsaws lack. Big size table makes it stable, so that exactly the specified direction of sawing is observed.

Types of jigsaws

Today, a wide variety of electric jigsaws are presented on the power tool market, which differ in the nature of the application, technical specifications, type of power supply and design features. AT construction stores can buy desktop jigsaw for every taste and budget.

By design features, it is difficult to classify, because each manufacturer seeks to provide its products with features that are designed to facilitate and improve the operation of the tool. In this regard, the shape of the handle is an important parameter.

Two types of handles have settled - mushroom-shaped and D-shaped. A jigsaw with a staple-like handle requires one-handed operation. This increases the possibility of using a jigsaw, but somewhat negatively affects the quality of the material cut.

Mushroom handles suggest performing more neat cuts when holding the jigsaw with both hands, having previously fixed the workpiece to be cut. Choice of jigsaw with certain form handles depends on the financial capabilities and personal preferences of the buyer. It is worth choosing the jigsaw with which it will be more convenient to work.

Household jigsaws are not designed for intensive use, but the low price of a desktop jigsaw and the power that is enough for domestic needs make them indispensable in the household.

Professional jigsaws are characterized by high wear resistance and the possibility of many hours of daily use (up to 8 hours). The significant power of such jigsaws allows you to process materials thick. Extended equipment and improved features are reflected in the price.

Among professional jigsaws, industrial ones also stand out, which are characterized by greater adaptability to complex operations and drive features - for example, increased power supply voltage. Industrial models are machines that are designed for the woodworking industry.

By type of power supply, there are network and battery electric jigsaws. Network models are powered by a standard voltage power supply. If performance is important to you, then you should choose a corded power tool.

Cordless jigsaws provide independence from the presence of sockets and greater mobility during work. When buying a battery model, you should pay attention to the type of battery. elevated performance characteristics inherent in lithium-ion batteries. Battery capacity is responsible for the duration of work without recharging.

Advantages of desktop jigsaws

The desktop electric jigsaw is a stationary design, so this type of cutting tool has many advantages. Modern models can work with wooden materials 40-50 mm thick. A narrow saw acts as a working body, which performs vertical reciprocating movements. Due to the peculiarities of the notching of the teeth and the mechanics of the movements of the file, the material is cut out by moving upwards.

The desktop electric jigsaw allows you to cut out complex decorative details, to make longitudinal, straight, oblique and transverse cuts. The wide tabletop allows you to process large parts and make cuts inside wide workpieces. Reliable fastening protects the body from unnecessary vibrations and allows you to well position the material, so the motor can work without overloading.

The advantages of desktop jigsaws include good accuracy and clarity of cuts, high safety and ease of use, wide opportunities settings from the material and the required detail of the cut blanks.

If you need to cut out details small size, a manual jigsaw will not be very convenient. It is quite heavy, so you have to hold it with one hand and guide the workpiece with the other. And the desktop jigsaw is devoid of this drawback. Perhaps the inconvenience is too big sizes and the difficulty of working with large parts.

The desktop jigsaw is a kind of mini-machine for cutting workpieces. If you buy a jigsaw in a store, most likely there will be an opportunity to select the power and adjust the frequency of the saw strokes. However, you can make the simplest homemade desktop jigsaw, and very quickly. You will need a manual jigsaw, a few screws, a piece of plywood small sizes and only one hour of work.

Making a desktop jigsaw

A carefully made jigsaw will not be inferior to a factory-made one, and in some respects even surpasses it. It is not difficult to assemble such an electric jigsaw if there is necessary materials. Next, we describe a simple circuit such manipulations.

The design of the jigsaw includes the following components: a handle, a switch button, an insulating washer, a power cord, a frame, a heating thread, a screw clamp and an earring. First you need to make a frame. You will need a duralumin pipe with an outer diameter of up to twelve millimeters.

You can also use textolite with a thickness of at least ten millimeters or thick plywood for the base. But keep in mind, the lighter the frame, the more convenient the jigsaw will be to use. Be sure to provide a channel so that you can later lay the power cord. most best form A frame is one whose side is bent 45 degrees.

Next, you need to make an earring. It is performed from copper sheet one millimeter thick. After that, it is fastened with screws to the frame, where it connects to the handle. Thus, the screw, wing nut and earring will form a clamp in which the heating thread can be fixed. The thickness of the duralumin sheet should be up to 0.8 millimeters. It is necessary to make clamping cheeks from it, between which there is a button-switch.

After that, you need to cut a gap in the plywood through which the file can pass. It can be done with a drill. To do this, it is necessary to drill holes along the marking line, and smooth the transitions. Instead of plywood, you can use plastic, metal, plexiglass and others. Next, you place and drill mounting holes on the plywood and base plate jigsaw.

Then you need to fix the jigsaw with screws on the plywood base so that the file can pass through the gap. You attach the structure to the table with a clamp so that the file is pointing up. You can also secure the platform in any way you can.
The jigsaw file remains conventional, but the possibilities for good sawing are expanded by freeing up the hands.

You can use a nichrome coil from any household heater(iron for example) as a heating thread. It must be secured with tension between the ends of the frame bends. To heat up the thread, you need to apply a tension of about 14 V. To control the operating mode, you can use a rheostat.

The current is determined by the thickness and length nichrome thread. With the help of a rheostat, it will be possible to set the optimal current strength (no more than 3-5 A), which will affect the temperature to which the thread is heated. Before starting work, it is necessary to determine the current strength. But keep in mind that if the force is too high, the material being cut out can be caught in flames, and if it is not enough, it will not be taken. A do-it-yourself desktop jigsaw will allow you to cut out figures with complex contours from different kind materials.

Rules for using a desktop jigsaw

When working with desktop jigsaw you need to follow some rules:

1. Do not press hard on the tool while cutting, otherwise best case the needle will break, at worst, you will spoil the work.
2. Change blades from time to time. An old saw can spoil and destroy the surface of the material.
3. If you will be working with organic glass and non-ferrous alloys, the surface of the product must be moistened with water. Such an operation will speed up the process and extend the life of the saw.
4. If you are cutting a surface with a thickness of less than one millimeter, place a sheet of wood or plywood under the material being processed.
5. Before cutting, it is necessary to fix the material. It is better not to make long cuts by hand, the line may turn out to be crooked.
6. For cutting different materials appropriate canvases are needed, with special step and length.
7. Rotate the tool by turning only the back of the tool.
8. When cutting the laminate, an adhesive tape is glued to the cut line, which protects the material from chipping.
9. If the need arises for curved cuts, set the jigsaw pendulum to a minimum.

If you have not yet fully understood how to make a desktop electric jigsaw, watch a video about this procedure. This tool allows you to cut complex parts from wood and other materials, to make longitudinal, oblique, straight and transverse cuts. With the help of an electric jigsaw, you can process large parts, wide workpieces and small products, which is not superfluous at home.

A jigsaw machine is a device that performs transverse, longitudinal and angular cutting of workpieces, as well as figured sawing. decorative elements. It is applied in joiner's shops and on a woodworking production.

Some models can be equipped with an air pump that blows over the sawing area, so that you can constantly control the operation and marking.

The principle of operation of jigsaws is as follows: the workpiece is fixed on the desktop, then the cutter performs reciprocating movements. There are some models where the table can be tilted, lowered or raised to various parts saw blades.

Advantages

The jigsaw cuts through thick wood easily and with excellent surface finish. Such a device allows both hands to remain free to control the feed of the workpiece. Thanks to this, you can work accurately and, if necessary, cut rather sharp bends. The jigsaw has also gained its popularity due to its safety in operation.

Workpiece thickness

As a rule, even relatively small jigsaws can cut 50 mm wood, and more powerful models capable of handling twice the thickness.

Jigsaw table

Regardless of what material the work table is made of (pressed or cast metal), it must, above all, be even, rigid and flat. For almost all jigsaws, the table can tilt to make oblique cuts, and for some models it can be raised and lowered so that you can use different parts of its blade as the file wears out.

electric motor

A small asynchronous 100-watt electric jigsaw drive motor is capable of developing a blade speed of approximately 1600 strokes per minute. There are models, some can be installed different meanings speed.

Blade stroke length

Despite the fact that a desktop jigsaw is able to cut fairly thick workpieces, the blade travel (vertical movement) is quite short. As a result, if you cut a lot of thin materials, then only a small part above the table will become dull at the file. For more rational use the length of the canvas, you can periodically put plywood or chipboard on the table.

Canvas fencing

On a jigsaw machine, as a rule, there is a very simple fence, usually consisting of 1-2 rods of wire or a plastic transparent screen. It is intended to prevent contact of fingers with the file. When sawing thick wood, a jigsaw without a guard is often used. Some models are offered with a guard only as an option.

Clamping device

Sometimes machines are equipped with a clamping device. It is used to prevent vibration of the sheet thin material so that the workpiece is not lifted from the table by the movement of the blade. The automatically spring-loaded bar is lifted by the workpiece when it is fed.

Sawdust removal

One of the indicators of the quality of desktop jigsaws is the presence of a sawdust cleaning tube, which is installed behind the blade. Under pressure, air is supplied through it, blowing off the sawdust lying on the markup.

Jigsaw machine "Zubr"

This model is great solution for creativity. The equipment is designed for cutting wood and plastic blanks at an oblique and right angle, at an angle and along a radius. Usually used on small industries. The working table can be tilted at an angle of 0-45 degrees, which makes it possible to perform angled sawing. For more accurate work, the jigsaw set includes a side stop with a protractor.

Jigsaw JET

This high-performance model is designed for cutting contours along various paths, both internal and external, including curved ones, in wood of any hardness. The vertical cutting blade makes high-speed cuts. Blade speed can be adjusted between 400-1600 rpm.

Machine power - 90 W. The model is equipped with a fairly comfortable working table 410x254 mm with the ability to adjust the angle of inclination by 0-45 degrees to perform more complex sawing.

Here general scheme jigsaw work.

I had a homemade machine tool, I have already briefly written about it. Since I am a furniture maker, I made it from the remnants of LMDF. Cheap and cheerful :). I did not care at all about the appearance, as long as I worked. And he did a good job! On it, I understood all the nuances of cutting out from the array hard rock wood such as walnut, oak, ash. Everything would be fine, but at the drive, and they were served by a Krees 350W construction jigsaw. 15 years of experience! At the drive, the speed regulator has "covered itself", it turns on immediately to the maximum and immediately tears the file. I did not find a native proprietary regulator. What kind of regulators I have not tried, and dimmers for chandeliers and regulators from shv. machines, vacuum cleaners. The desired result, namely a wide range of adjustment, I could not achieve.

The photo shows the principle of operation of the jigsaw. the construction jigsaw transmits oscillatory movements to the rocker, on which, in turn, the file is fixed.

In the end, I gave up. The Moor has done his job, the Moor must go. I decided to buy a new jigsaw drive. All Chinese variants jigsaws are not suitable, adjustment on them is one name. I found what I was looking for in the Makita brand store. Jigsaw 450 W. Wide range of adjustment, and does not yell like Chinese jigsaws! Quietly works!

Here is my new drive, Makita 4327.

I found a new drive, but I couldn’t put it in place of the old one, the height is not suitable. I decided, rather than redo it, it is better to make a new one, taking into account the elimination of the inconveniences identified in the process of working on the old one.

1. Increase the clearance from the file to the frame (on the old one it was 27 cm.) For this you need an elongated rocker.

2. Increase the vertical stroke of the saw blade for good chip removal. (on the old one, the saw stroke is 18mm.)

3. Appearance! Schaub was not ashamed to take pictures. :)

And so! machine is ready!

Here is my new machine!

The clearance from the file to the frame is 45cm! 30mm vertical stroke! Dream!

Trial cutting. The result is excellent! The Makita regulator does a great job. The machine works by noise like a household sewing machine.

The idea of ​​\u200b\u200bcreating a homemade electric jigsaw is most often due to the shortcomings that the factory has hand tool. You can make your own small desktop machine, which will include a pusher, a reciprocating motor, a file tension system. In this case, you do not need complex drawings - having understood the essence, it is easy to achieve a result.

desire to create homemade jigsaw may occur for several reasons:

1. There is no power supply in the workshop, but it is possible to use low power internal combustion engines.
2. There are pneumatic motors, but the compressor power is not enough for a serial tool.
3. The motor is powered by batteries or solar panels, the power of the source is not enough for the use of a power tool.
4. It is required to obtain saw movement parameters that are unattainable when using a serial tool.

Designing a jigsaw is not difficult. A typical structure looks like this:

The unit can be easily adapted to any torque source. A pair of pulleys (one is located on the motor shaft, the other drives the crank mechanism) allow you to vary the gear ratio, reducing the load on the power unit and allowing you to get the desired speed (they are also responsible for the number of saw strokes per minute) on the actuator.

A machine built according to the above scheme may have most different configuration, the material of manufacture is also selected individually. Example finished installation looks like this:

Disadvantages of a manual jigsaw

Manual electric jigsaw is designed to form even cuts. At the same time, as the rollers, rod, and pusher wear out, the saw may be beating and deviate from a straight line, and the angle of attack may change. Regardless of the quality of the tool assemblies, the following features are always present:

1. When the saw becomes blunt, a deviation from a straight line is observed when cutting material of uneven density (for example, low-quality chipboard). The saw is able to leave the cut line, having met a knot in the wood.
2. When trying to make a figured radius cut, one can observe the following picture: the upper cut line, followed by the worker, follows an exact trajectory, the lower one deviates, goes to the side, the radius becomes larger. The higher the wear of the tool and the lower the sharpness of the saw, the more pronounced this phenomenon.
3. Some materials cannot be worked with the pickup or bottom feed of the saw. The carpenter is required to drive the tool forward extremely evenly, which cannot be done very accurately, resulting in a beating of the saw along the path of entry and exit.

It is even more difficult to work with thin, designed for curly cuts saws. If there is no practice, achieve good result very difficult, especially on thick slab or wood materials. Consider how you can make the work of a carpenter easier, and the result better.

Standard Solutions

The machine is made from a manual electric jigsaw based on a simple table. This device is common, mass-produced, samples can be seen in the photographs below.

The mechanics of work is simple:

• The jigsaw clearly fixes the tool, ensuring that there is no influence of the human factor (the hand can lead the jigsaw unevenly).
• The presence of a support allows you to move the device without deviations along the trajectory.

With the help of a table, jigsaws begin to cut in a straight line, but the possibilities of such a device are limited. If you remove the side stop and try to guide the workpiece, forming a curved cut, the same problems of saw deflection arise. The problem can be solved by using a simple saw, rigidly fixed with a pair of rollers. Making curly cuts is now convenient and fast. How homemade and industrial products of this type look like is shown in the following photos.

Tensioners for curved cuts

To perform very thin and precise curly cuts, you can make a machine from an electric jigsaw with a saw blade tension system. The idea of ​​\u200b\u200bdoing it yourself is as follows:

1. A very thin saw is used, ideally for a manual jigsaw.
2. A clamp is attached to the rod of the power tool, which will stretch the cutting blade.
3. The trajectory stabilization system will regulate both one freedom of movement and two (horizontal and vertical).

Used as tension block hand jigsaw clamp, to which an adapter is made, which in turn is inserted into the clamping device of the power tool rod. To ensure the adjustment of one freedom of movement, a pair of angles and a bolt are used. The result of the implementation of the idea is presented on next photo.

The saw provides a clear vertical movement, you can create a good tension, but there is a mandatory runout in the horizontal direction. The canvas goes with pickup, it does not move in a straight line.

The development of this idea is in the next photo. Here the part fixing the trajectory moves, and the metal clamp provides structural rigidity and mechanical resistance.

The system is stabilized in two degrees of freedom, the cut made with its help is accurate and accurate. Using a diamond-coated cord for a hand jigsaw, you can cut glass without the formation of sloppy chips on the edges.

Devices for extremely fine work

If it is necessary to act extremely delicately and slowly, it will be necessary to reduce the effort on cutting blade and at the same time provide a strong tension and precise movement of the file. To do this, a homemade jigsaw is equipped spacers with long shoulders.

In this case, the power tool does not operate in the cut zone, but at some distance. This allows, depending on the wishes of the carpenter, to adjust the force, speed and amplitude of the saw movement. One of the options for implementing the idea is presented in the following photo.

Depending on the needs of the master, the structure can be made of steel, have additional fixing zones, the power tool can not be installed rigidly, but with the possibility of movement within its support beam.

In practice, such solutions are rarely used. For delicate work that is done constantly, it is much more profitable to purchase a specialized band saw that will ensure quality and productivity.

As can be seen from the presented designs, a jigsaw can be made even from sewing machine having a moving rod.