Pumping water from a well to a house. Water supply at home from a well system features, schemes and necessary equipment

More and more people prefer to live outside the city, while maintaining the usual living conditions. But, unfortunately, not all of them are available far from the central highways of communications.

A necessary component of comfort is the water supply at home. And if country water supply can be organized with minimal effort by dragging water in buckets from a well. Then, for the needs of a family permanently residing in a private house, you need to think about autonomous water supply.

This is sometimes the only possible way to bring water to the user in country house, to ensure its constant availability and a given level of quality.

The most popular source autonomous water supply is the water supply of the cottage / house from the well.

Important. The well allows you to get water from an aquifer at a depth of no more than 20 meters.

Why is it that the well as a source of water supply is preferred by the majority of our compatriots?

the well can be operated in the absence of electricity;

low content of impurities, which is typical for water supplied from great depths;

the risk of sanding (mudding) of the water channel is minimal. In extreme cases, the well is easy to clean on its own;

there are no restrictions when choosing the type of pump;

the ability to do it yourself in just a few steps.

Stage 1 - Search for water for a well - ways and methods

There is an opinion that water is everywhere. The statement is far from controversial, because the whole thing is in the depth of the aquifer.

To determine the level of water location, you can use several methods, both geological and folk:

attract experts. Based on geological surveys;

consult neighbors;

the old-fashioned way to find water is to watch the dew. In the place of the greatest accumulation of dew on the site, the water is as close to the surface as possible;

use the dowsing method. It is based on the use of a framework from metal wire or electrodes bent in the shape of the letter "L". Holding the long ends in your hands, you need to allow the short ones to rotate freely. In the place where the long ends cross is the source.

Important! The ends will cross in two cases: either the source is close to the surface, or it will be distinguished by a significant flux power.

Advice. It is better to find two veins and dig a well at the place where they intersect. In this way, sufficient water supply can be guaranteed.

The search for water for a well using a frame is shown in the video

Important. The frame responds to magnetic fields. If it shows activity every 1.8 meters, these points should be mapped and ignored.

Advice. The search for an aquifer is best done at certain times of the year - from June to September. At this time, the water level is at its lowest. And at a specific time of day: 5-6 am, 4-5 pm, 8-9 pm, 12-01 am. In addition, it is believed that this procedure should be performed on a fresh head (alcohol is excluded) and an empty stomach.

The depth of the aquifer can be determined using a ruler, a gold ring and a thread. They are used simply. A ruler is placed on the ground. A ring suspended on a thread is led along it. Near the mark, which will correspond to the depth, the ring will begin to swing. Usually 1 cm is equal to 1 m. occurrence of the water layer.

Important! The well cannot be equipped closer than 5 m from the buildings in order to avoid undermining the foundation. And closer than 50 from the toilet, drains, cesspool etc. to prevent runoff from entering the water.

Stage 2 - House water supply scheme from a well

Development of a water supply scheme for a private house from a well milestone in the formation of an autonomous water supply system. Having a drafted scheme in hand, you can get a bunch of pluses:

easier to plan the sequence of work;
more accurately determine their duration;
correctly determine the need for materials;
draw up a budget;
get the result as close to ideal as possible.

At the stage of developing the scheme, many issues arise, the timely solution of which will allow the continuation of work on water supply in the planned rhythm.

The water supply system of the house from the well includes all the elements indicating the location:

well (source of water supply);
bottom filter (protects the pump from clogging and purifies water from large impurities);
pump (provide water supply from the well to the pipeline);
hydraulic accumulator ( storage tank for water);
relay (designed to automate the water supply);
tee (a device that allows you to distribute water to many points). Important - in systems with collector wiring, a tee is not used.
pipes forming a system for supplying cold and hot water;
fittings, valves and check valves;
boiler (for hot water supply);
points of consumption (sanitary appliances);
sewerage.

Important! The presented scheme is typical. The elements that make up the circuit and the sequence of their installation are unchanged. However, in some cases, the water supply system may include additional elements.

With approximate cost water supply for a well 10 m deep, which is located at a distance of 10 m from the place of consumption, can be found in the figure. (prices as of May 10, 2017)

All elements necessary for the water supply and pipe laying should be marked on the map.

Advice. When drawing up a diagram, try to stick to scale. This will help to more accurately calculate the materials.

An example of a water supply scheme for a house from a well is below

Stage 3 - Construction of a well for water supply at home

You can verify the presence of an aquifer and assess the depth of its occurrence using test drilling.

Advice. You need to drill in layers of 50-100 mm. This is due to the small thickness of the aquifer and the ability to "slip" it.

After a stream of suitable productivity has been determined, the well is left for a day so that it is filled with water. Thus, the water level is determined. The optimal level is 1-1.5 m.

Important. Water from the well must be submitted for analysis, which will determine its composition and suitability for consumption.

As drilling progresses, the quality of the water improves.

At this stage, it is important to take care of interior decoration well (mine), which performs purely utilitarian functions. Namely: it protects the well from destruction, protects well water from ingress of groundwater (top water).

Finishing the well shaft can be done in three ways:

tree. For these purposes, bars with a thickness of more than 120 mm made of pine, oak, larch are suitable (suitable for wells no deeper than 3-4 m). This finish is rarely used due to the low period of operation;

small-piece materials: brick, rubble stone(can be used if the depth of the well does not exceed 4m). The use of these materials increases the complexity and duration of work;

reinforced concrete rings with a diameter of 0.9-1.2 m and a height of 1 m. This method has proven itself well, so we will dwell on it in more detail.

In favor of the method of constructing a well made of concrete / iron concrete rings says low labor intensity, high speed work, design reliability and the possibility of laying to a depth of 20 m.

Important. When the water level drops, it is easy to deepen the well with rings (installation of repair rings).

well digging

To dig a well, you need to determine the circumference of the recess. To do this, the diameter of the ring is summed up, its two thicknesses + 20 cm per backfill.

Having dug a depth equal to the height of one ring, you need to lower the first ring into the well. To do this, it must be laid on its side, then turned over and installed in a well shaft.

Having dug further, we install the second one, in which a hole for the intake pipe is most often arranged.

But, the hole can be arranged in any of the rings, at the discretion of the owner. The rings are interconnected by at least 2 brackets.

Important. The diameter of the hole exceeds the size of the pipe by 1.5 times.

After installing the next ring, it will be necessary to pump out the water entering the rings. It is correct if 1-1.5 rings are filled with water. Then the water level can be considered sufficient.

Installation of rings under the well

Laying technology requires the implementation of several rules:

fastening method. To ensure reliable fastening of the rings, it is better to give preference to rings with a groove-comb system;

additional mount. Staples will also eliminate the possibility of horizontal displacement of the rings;

laying the seal between the rings. Allows you to minimize the risk of perch water getting into the well. The RubberElast gasket (Germany) has proven itself as a sealant. Alternatively, you can use a linen cable, hemp or rope.

Advice. Liquid glue or bitumen will not seal the ring joint, but will harm the water.

cementing the seam with a fast-hardening mixture. Here you can advise Plitonite Aquabarrier.

The junction of the last and penultimate rings is additionally isolated from the outside. This prevents the ingress of melt water and the destruction of the rings by external forces.

Outdoor drainage

Due to the fact that there is space between the soil and the rings (it is designed to compensate for possible deviations when digging), it must be filled with sand or fine gravel. They will function drainage system- divert water from the well and level the effect of the forces of frost heaving of the soil.

It is worth noting that the rings for the well can be cast with your own hands - formwork is made and concrete mortar is poured.

Tips for building a well from concrete rings - video

Stage 4 - Bottom filter for the well

The filter is a layer of small stones covered with crushed stone of 300-500 mm. (see fig.). Some professionals advise laying geotextiles under the stones.

Important! The bottom filter does not fit on clay soils and clay quicksand. It is possible to equip on a false quicksand (clay + sand).

The material was prepared for the site www.site

Stage 5 - Pump for water supply from a well

Water supply from the well can be arranged using a pump. Pumps for water supply of a private house from a well are of two types:

Submersible pump. They are submerged in water (partially or completely). Quiet operation and more efficient operation. The latter is provided by the method of water supply itself. Pressure is created by water, not rarefied air. Allows you to supply water from a depth of up to 20 m. Wells with a submersible pump do not need to be preserved for the winter. Water descends through the pipe on its own, it does not need to be pumped out.

Surface pump. Operated at a depth that does not exceed 10 m.

To understand which pump is best for water supply from a well, you need to familiarize yourself with the selection conditions

Parameter	Definition
well depth	Determined with a plumb line. The distance from the upper ring to the water is taken into account.
Well width	The diameter is determined. To be able to calculate the cubic capacity of water
Water quality	Affects pump life
Seasonality of operation	Not all pumps can be operated at sub-zero temperatures
Water level (static) (see figure)	The distance from the surface of the earth to the water is taken into account. Measurement should be done in the morning.
Water column height	To do this, subtract the static level from the depth of the well
Water level (dynamic) or well debit	To determine it, water is pumped out of the well. The point at which the water stops sinking will determine the dynamic water level.

Based on the above parameters, you can right choice in terms of pump power and performance.

The choice of pump determines the need for a system with a hydraulic accumulator (water tank). From mandatory with intermittent water supply. In this case, water is pumped periodically into the tank. After the accumulator, a tee is installed, it distributes water to users.

In practice, water supply is organized using a pumping station, which can be located in a house, in a separate building, or in a caisson.

The main requirements for the installation site of the pumping station for supplying water to the house:

no sudden changes in temperature;
the minimum temperature is not lower than +2 o C.

How does a well pumping station work?

The pumping system, which includes a pump, a hydraulic accumulator and a relay, has the following principle of operation.

The pump supplies water to the accumulator. The task of the relay is to monitor the pressure level. When it drops to 2.2 to 4 atm. (depending on the pump model), the relay reacts and turns on the pump. Thus, the water supply to the accumulator is resumed. The pressure in the system rises and the relay turns off the pump again. Some pumping stations are equipped with an additional dry switch. Its purpose is to turn off the pump if the water level in the well is below the permissible level for this pump model.

Stage 6 - Water supply from the well to the house

Water is supplied from a well through an outlet pipe.

Important. The place where the outlet pipe is led through the ring into the well must be carefully sealed so that the top water does not get inside through it.

Next, you need to organize an underground water supply, i.e. stretch the pipe to the house. To do this, a trench is dug at an angle to the house into which a pipe with a diameter of at least 32 mm is laid.

Important! If the pump is a surface pump, then the slope of the trench is directed towards the well in order to provide a drain of water.

The depth of the trench for the water supply is determined by two parameters:

period of use of the pipeline. If winter water supply from the well is not provided, you can deepen the water supply pipe by 1 m;

soil freezing level. It is important if it is necessary to organize year-round water supply.

Important! It is better to lead the pipe into the house through the foundation. If the house is already in operation, then it is possible surface laying. In any case, care should be taken that the pipe is not subjected to mechanical stress and low temperatures.

The trench is filled up after the pump is installed in the well, the drain channel and the electric cable are laid.

Advice. So that the soil in the trench does not sink, it is better to carry out gradual backfilling and compact each layer.

Stage 7 - Distribution of pipes for water supply at home

For the device of the pipe system in the house, pipes made of different materials- steel, metal-plastic, plastic, polypropylene (see photo). When choosing, the main criteria are durability, pipe weight, weldability, susceptibility to corrosion, reliability, cost, complexity of installation, etc.

The diameter of the pipes for water supply at home depends on the length of the pipeline. In pipelines up to 10 m, pipes with a diameter of 20 mm are used, up to 10-30 - 25 mm, more than 30 - 32 mm.

The wall thickness depends on what water the pipes are intended for.

For cold water supply, a thickness of 2.8 mm will be sufficient.
For hot water - 3.2mm. Moreover, it is important that the pipe is reinforced.

Water supply wiring diagram for a private house

The wiring is done in two ways:

serial connection of consumers;
manifold piping.

1,2,3 - ball valves at the inlet;

4.5 - collectors for cold and hot water;

6 - check valves;

7.8 - hot and cold water meters;

9 - reducers for pressure normalization;

10 - filters for coarse cleaning;

11 - emergency cranes;

12 - cold and hot water risers.

In the first case, water is supplied to users through a system of tees. Water supply from one device to another. Such a wiring diagram is less expensive, easier to design and install, but its use leads to an uneven pressure distribution between the devices. Thus, for example, the included water at one point reduces the pressure at other points. And if you turn on several taps at the same time, then the water in the latter can simply drip. If you need to replace something in such a system, you will have to turn off the water supply of the entire house.

In the second case, the water supply is targeted for each device. Thus, the disadvantage of the first system, expressed in the pressure drop between the devices, is eliminated. Such a scheme requires the use of a larger number of pipes and components, but is more maintainable.

if the quality of the water in the well is unsatisfactory, you need to install a filter system in the house.

if you need a hot water supply device, you need to take care of installing a boiler (water heater) or heater. For example, a double-circuit gas boiler;

use only quality materials and stop valves;

perform the exterior finish of the well. So that it performs not only a utilitarian function, but also an aesthetic one.

Conclusion

The information offered here provides detailed answers to the question of how to draw water from a well private house with your own hands. Moreover, choose the optimal scheme for specific conditions and make water supply in the country or in country cottage as cheap and reliable as possible.

As you know, it is impossible to organize your life with dignity and quality without water. And if the residents of apartments in this sense are more fortunate, since they are served by a central water supply, then the owners of suburban residential square meters have to take such care upon themselves. Very often they decide to organize the water supply of a private house from a well. This decision is popular today due to the fact that the well is more simple design and the cost of installing it is much less than drilling a well. And well water has always been considered tastier and better.

Advantages:

Choosing a place for the well

Many people think that water is suburban area can be anywhere in its area. There is logic in this, because indeed, it is, in fact, everywhere and the question is only in the depth of its occurrence. There are many ways to find it. They can be used individually or in combination to achieve maximum results.

The most popular methods for finding an aquifer are:

Research using L-shaped frames.

Drilling for exploration purposes is also called random drilling. The method is laborious and long.

Search using barometer.

Observation of the summer cottage at dawn or dusk - the place where the fog swirls is aquifer.

Visual method - in the area where there is a water-resistant layer, there will be a depression surrounded by hills.

The use of dehumidifiers. Silica gel is poured into a vessel with a narrow neck and corked with a coarse cloth, after weighing the container. The vessel is buried 50 cm deep into the earth for a day. Then it is weighed and the results are compared.

Experts advise digging a well in autumn or winter time when the level ground water very low. The location of the house and the source of water should be at least five meters apart.

Well construction rules:

Sources of pollution must be at least 50 meters away from the water source;

If the site has autonomous sewerage without a bottom, then the installation will have to be abandoned or the sewage system should be converted, because sooner or later the feces will fall into the groundwater, and with them into the well.

Water supply to a private house where there is no running water can be arranged if neither the owner nor his neighbors have sewage cesspools, manure heaps and toilets within a radius of 50 meters.

Water supply scheme from a well to a house

Source of water supply.

Submersible pump.

Back pressure valve.

Electricity supply cable.

Plastic pipe.

Electrokor.

Special cleaning filters.

Flexible polyethylene plumbing.

Autonomous control unit and power supply network.

By the way, the depth of the trench should be at least 1.8 m, since the ground freezes up to 1.5 meters in winter on frosty days.

If you equip the water supply with electrical equipment, this will give the owner of the house a number of advantages: uninterrupted water supply, control of its pressure, etc. The water supply scheme can be different - it all depends on the characteristics of a particular site and other nuances.

After the owner of the site has decided on the place, it is also necessary to determine the design of the structure.

Well and water supply

A well is a deep shaft of round or square shape that reaches underground water suitable for human consumption. The depth of the structure varies from 10 to 35 meters.

What does the design include:

Water intake - the lowest section of the mine where water accumulates;

The shaft of the structure is a mine;

Ground part or headband.

According to the technology, a filter for cleaning the liquid is necessarily installed in the lower part.

The algorithm of work during the installation of a well in a private house:

First, make a markup on the site. It is worth knowing that the diameter of the shaft must be increased by 10 cm in relation to the diameter of the rings. The first ring should not sink completely and stick out of the ground by 10 cm.

Digging a hole for the first ring

After installing the first ring, its verticality is checked and the second ring is mounted on top, which is fastened with special brackets to the first one.

They dig a hole 80 cm in the center and dig it in so that the first ring goes deep into the ground under its own weight. The soil is removed from the middle, the walls are sealed with a hemp rope and a solution of cement and sand.

Thus, the system of rings is built up until water appears. Then the water is removed along with the sand and the well is left for half a day so that it is refilled with water.

After that, it is cleaned again, closed with a lid and left for a day.

Water is again pumped out together with sand and a filter is installed on the bottom, which consists of two layers: 15 cm of fine gravel and 40 cm of coarse gravel. The filling of the well must be at least 1.5 meters.

We fall asleep to the bottom, first small, then large gravel

In the gaps between the walls and along the edges of the pit, they are covered with a mixture of gravel and sand, and on the sides they are covered with clay and sand, gradually tamping. This kind of castle made of clay will not allow rainwater to enter the well.

Making a clay castle

The ground part of the structure can be wooden in the form of a house or made of concrete. In the latter case, another ring must be installed. The cover on the structure will prevent debris, leaves and rain from getting into it.

We decorate the ground part

Water supply from a well

Automation of the water supply of a private house will relieve its owner of the need to extract water in the old-fashioned way - with a bucket and a rope. To ensure the high-quality operation of an automated water supply system, it is necessary to buy specialized equipment and perform a number of works, which consist of:

Preliminary drawing up of the scheme and marking of pipes;

Digging trenches for caissons and pipelines;

Mounting submersible pump;

Installations of cleaning filters;

Laying pipes from a water source to a dwelling;

Installation of water heaters.

Water supply is an important system in the comfortable life support of people living in a country house. Basically, residents of individual houses are used to using a well, but this causes certain inconveniences.

Therefore, it is better to conduct autonomous water supply directly to the room - it is simple and always convenient. Such a system can be made independently, without certain experience and some plumbing skills.

Conducting water to a private house from a well with your own hands

First you need to connect a pump to the well, which will pump water from this well to the pipes . When the pump is already installed, for the installation of the water supply should be prepared:

Pipes. They can be steel, galvanized steel, copper and metal-plastic. All metal pipes will have to be connected to each other by welding - this is time consuming, costly in financial plan, and this should be done by a specialist. There are several ways.
Heater (). This material necessary so that in winter during low air temperatures the water does not freeze in the pipes.
wires needed to connect the pump to the mains.

It's better to prioritize metal-plastic pipes, which are a popular modern material for installing a plumbing system. All connections are made using threads, you only need fittings, wrenches for nuts and FUM tape.

Sequence of work:

The wiring starts with the pump. You need to take the pipe and attach it to the outlet pipe. This pipe will supply water to the top. After joining with a branch pipe, it is mounted check valve. Its function is to prevent water flow from the system in the opposite direction.
Another pipe will be cut into the central pipe, in a place above the valve, through which water should be supplied to the collector station. It is necessary to make a slight slope of this line towards the well.
Before you need to install a tap, thanks to which it will be possible to turn off the water supply if necessary. A place is being prepared for it, to which free access will be provided in case of an emergency.
Water pipes are laid to a certain depth. These parameters depend on the level of groundwater, the depth of freezing of the earth. Thanks to a special heat engineering calculation, unnecessary costs can be avoided due to the large depth of the line, because the water in the pipes should not freeze in winter and overheat in summer.
When the pipes are laid, you can begin to insulate them.. To do this, there are many different materials on the modern market, ranging from simple fabric insulation to various heating cables that are connected to the mains.
The line is entered into the room through the floor, but if this is not possible, then it must be done through the walls. In the place where the pipes come into contact with the surface of the house, it is necessary to lay plastic glasses and special fasteners.
In the house, pipes are laid to all necessary consumers.: and kitchens, water boiler for heating water and so on.

For such a calculation, it is better to contact a specialist, or you can simply ask him for the dimensions of pipe penetration in a given region. In general, pipes of medium diameter (300 mm) should be laid 20 cm below the freezing depth.

If in this region the ground freezes to 40 centimeters, then the pipes must be laid to a depth of 60 centimeters from the surface of the earth.

Read also an article that will tell you and.

Scheme of water supply of a dwelling from a well

There can be many schemes for connecting pipes with water from a well to a dwelling, but there are two main ones:

Serial line wiring through tees

The advantages of such a system include efficiency, since fewer pipes are needed. After all, water will be supplied from one distribution point to another.

The disadvantage of this system is the inconvenience during the simultaneous inclusion of all taps in the house. The water pressure will be distributed unevenly, and if someone uses the water in the kitchen, the water pressure in the bathroom will be weaker e.

Collector connection diagram

This is a more convenient system in terms of water supply. In this case, water will be supplied to each consumer in the house separately, so the water pressure will be equally good for the faucet in the kitchen, in the bathroom, and so on.

This supply scheme allows during repairs not to shut off the water throughout the house, but only where replacement is required, for example, a tap or pipe. The pressure in the system will be maintained by an expansion tank (hydraulic accumulator).

Choosing a pump for a water line

Currently, there is a huge selection of these devices in the equipment market. But many people, when they begin to conduct water from the well to the house, do not know with what power and performance.

First you need to count all the consumers in the house, as well as watering equipment in the garden, because in the suburban area there is almost always a piece of land where the owners plant vegetables and fruits that need watering in the summer.

The performance of the pump is determined by summing up all the consumers in the house, taking into account that they will be turned on at the same time. For example, for a small two-story house, the pump performance should be within 2-4 cubic meters of water per hour.

An important parameter when choosing a device is the water pressure., which is indicated in meters. Sufficient pressure of the water flow allows you to work all household appliances simultaneously. Water should rise well to the highest point where consumers are located in the house.

AT technical passport of any equipment, the parameters of the required pressure are indicated, which can provide smooth operation this device.

Pumps are of two types:

submersible - descend directly into the well;
surface, can be installed away from the water source.

Surface pumps are easier to maintain and repair, since they do not need to be taken out of the water.

You can install such a pump in the house or on the site. The disadvantages of this type of equipment include a small suction height. Because of this, the pump must be located as close to the well as possible.

The submersible pump must always be in the water, as its motor is cooled by water. If for some reason water leaves the well, the pump will burn out. To protect such equipment from overheating during a lack of water, it is necessary to install automation that will turn off the device if there is no water or its level drops.

Estimated costs

The price of materials and equipment needed to carry water from the well to the house is different. A submersible pump with a capacity of 4 cubic meters per hour costs 8-9 thousand rubles. The hydraulic accumulator, depending on the capacity, will have a price of 1500 to 3500 rubles. To purify water, you will need a filter, the cost of which is about a thousand rubles.

Pipes, fittings and other elements of the water supply system will cost between 5-6 thousand rubles. Apart from the cost of mixers and a heating tank, which are already installed directly in the house, to conduct water from the well to the house, you need to prepare the following amount:

pump - 9000 rubles;
hydraulic accumulator - 3500 rubles;
filter - 1000 rubles;
pipes, fittings, adapters and more - 6000 rubles.

Total: 19500 rubles.

Of course, these costs are approximate, and every person who will conduct water to his home can save on something and purchase cheaper equipment and materials.

Each person will take into account the costs, taking into account their financial capabilities.

Before you start conducting water from the well to the house, you need to choose a scheme and purchase everything necessary materials and equipment. The choice must be approached with all responsibility, since this device must be powerful and with the necessary performance. All house owners will select each material for the line individually, so the approximate costs for the system will be different for everyone. Read also material about that and how to connect.

The lack of centralized water supply in a country house brings a lot of inconvenience. The first step to solving the problem is the construction of a well. To prevent water from being carried in a bucket, you need to proceed to the next step - arrange plumbing.

Water supply from a well - what to consider

Water supply of a private house from a well is the most best option to solve sanitary-hygienic and economic issues related to water. There is no need to drill a well, because there is a well in almost every area. When planning a water supply scheme, important factors affecting the operation of pumping equipment should be taken into account. The choice of scheme depends on their presence or absence. First of all, it plays the role of the distance from the water mirror to the surface of the earth. If it is not more than 8 meters, external pumps or pumping stations are used, otherwise deep ones.

It is necessary to calculate the planned amount of consumption per day. The choice of pump model and its power depends on it. The number of water points, the method of installation are planned in advance. If the consumption exceeds the parameters of the pumping equipment, interruptions are possible. Water will not be supplied to the upper floor, or if several consumers are turned on at the same time, there will not be enough pressure.

Calculate the distance from the well to the house horizontally. The power of the pump also depends on this indicator. But pumps also lift water vertically. It is generally accepted that 1 meter of vertical feed is equal to 4 m of horizontal feed. Divide the horizontal distance by 4, add the vertical distance to the resulting number and get the result - how many meters from the source to the house. According to him. We always increase the footage a little to have a margin.

On many models, in addition to power, the maximum possible water lifting height and range are indicated, so you don’t have to calculate yourself, but you still need to know the distance.

The seasonality of consumption is taken into account. If you intend to use water only during the warm season, the pipeline can be laid on top of the ground. For use with low temperatures you should hide it in trenches so as not to defrost in winter. Still, trenches are better, and if you already undertook to do it, do it honestly in order to use water all year round.

Design - features of the intake and supply scheme

Each system is based on a certain type of pump: surface, pumping station, deep. External pumps, which include stations, are vortex and centrifugal in design. The latter have greater productivity than vortex pumps, but vortex pumps create pressure 3–7 times more.

Water supply with any option requires a pumped storage device. It performs two functions: serves as a water reservoir and protects pump unit from constant work and inevitable overheating. When electricity is turned off, water can be supplied from it under pressure, the amount of which depends on the volume of the accumulator. You will also need a certain number of pipes, valves, filters and other necessary equipment.

In order to ensure a reliable supply of water resources to the house with your own hands, you should carefully read the typical schemes. They can be applied in any conditions. Only the hardware parameters differ. The diagram below shows a system with a submersible pump that is installed in a well. Filters are installed before or after entering the hydroaccumulator tank. A pressure switch is required. In the house, water is diluted to points of consumption.

Let's consider an external pump diagram: the use of a pumping station is shown, but the installation of a conventional external pump is no different.

The pipe from the well underground should be carried out to the basement or other room. It is there that an outdoor apparatus is installed with all the necessary accessories: automation, filters. The pumping station has a built-in hydroaccumulator tank, for conventional external pumps it is purchased separately. Both one and the other can be equipped with a high-capacity drive. When the light is turned off, water from the large tank comes for a long time.

Equipment - what is required and how to choose

Depending on the needs and conditions selected pumping device. The outdoor unit is the most affordable among all others, but its capabilities are limited. It is able to work at a distance from the ground to water surface no more than 8 m. If the condition is met, it is worth using it. Such a pumping unit makes a lot of noise, so it is recommended to install it in separate room. The power of the model is selected depending on the planned consumption.

The pump in the system must create a certain pressure corresponding to the greatest distance from the intake to extreme point selection. It is believed that a pressure of 1 atm should fall on 10 m. To create a plumbing system with an external pump, you will need:

pipe length from the water surface to the pump;
fitting for its connection to the pumping unit;
filter with check valve;
adapter with five leads, pressure gauge, relay;
storage tank with flexible connection.

If we put everything together, we get a semblance of a pumping station. You don’t have to assemble it only if you buy a ready-made one - it is already fully equipped in single system. The difference with a self-assembled system based on a surface pump is that the station has a built-in hydraulic accumulator. Its volume is small, a maximum of 50 liters, which is acceptable for small needs. You can install a larger drive, but it will require a little rework. Pumping stations are available in various capacities, the highest head level is 55 m.

If the distance from the ground to the water surface is more than 8 m, you can only use submersible unit. They are found in various designs - extremely simple and with automatic shutdown in case of emergency. She for deep pump one - the level has dropped unacceptably. Role circuit breaker performs a float. If you purchased a regular one, you will need to constantly monitor the level. Better enjoy centrifugal pump than vibrational. He has good specifications, works quietly, unlike vibration.

The power of the submersible pump is calculated in the same way as for external pumping devices. This type of pump can operate at a maximum depth of approximately 20 m. To mount the system, you will need, in addition to those listed for surface pumps, a cable for connecting electricity.

Pump automation - overview of possibilities

In order for water to be constantly supplied from the water supply when the tap is opened, and not to have to be turned on manually each time, you will need automatic devices. Such a device is a storage tank. It is designed to stabilize the pressure in the system, protects the pump from frequent switching on and off, and prevents water hammer in the system. Air is manually pumped into it, and water enters the other part. It is air that plays a stabilizing role.

A mandatory element of automation is a pressure switch that performs the function of an on/off switch. When the pressure in the tank drops, the device turns on and off when the required parameters are reached. The relay is simple. Inside there are two springs that react to the pressure created by the water. When the pressure drops, the springs close the contacts and turn on the electricity. When the pressure reaches the required value, the contacts open.

In addition to automatic control devices, it is recommended to install protective automation. It shuts down the equipment when water leaves the system for some reason. The operation of pumping equipment with dry pipes threatens to break due to overheating. To eliminate such a threat, a dry-running sensor is used, which turns off the device in case of water deficiency. The design of such sensors is different: a float in the well, a flow switch, a level sensor.

Piping - preparation and laying of pipes, wiring

The necessary footage of pipes has been purchased, in the presence of connecting elements, taps, fumlent, sealant - you can lay the pipeline and do the wiring. To make it convenient to work in the well, we pump it out. First, we dig a trench - not wide, just to make it convenient to work. Depth is important, it depends on the depth of soil freezing in your area and can range from 1 m in the south to 1.8 m in the northern regions. We ram the soil to lead the cable to the submersible pump, we arrange a box.

In one of the rings at the entry point, we punch a hole, insert the drive. This place is well sealed on both sides. We do not use synthetic-based sealants that can contaminate the well. It is better to use mortars. We lay the pipe along the trench, connecting, if necessary, with fittings, sealing with fumlent. We are entering the room.

For wiring inside the house, a clear and understandable scheme is drawn up. It reflects all points of consumption with pipe connections. It is she who will allow you to calculate how many and what kind of taps, tees and other components will be needed. Decoupling can be performed in one of two options, each of which has certain advantages and disadvantages.

Serial wiring is carried out using tees. From the main pipe, water is distributed through tees to separate points. If you use several water intake devices at the same time, the pressure between them is distributed evenly and is often insufficient. With a collector supply, a separate pipe is used for each point, the pressure is always stable under any conditions.

Submersible equipment option - how to install it correctly

We carry out all work on preparing the pump for immersion on the ground. We cut off the water pipe of the required length with a suitable diameter, prepare the electrical cable and cable for equipment insurance. We screw a non-return valve onto the outlet pipe of the pump, we attach a pipe to it through the coupling. We fasten the cable to the pipe with clamps after half a meter. It should not be stretched, it should sag a little. We fix the cable in the lugs of the pump, you can lower the assembled unit.

Do not hold on to the cable, use only the safety cable.

Having lowered the pump to the required depth, we fix the cable on the frame of the well. We connect the vertical and horizontal parts of the pipeline with a fitting, tee or adapter. We seal the connections. The cable is placed in a box. It remains to install automation. In order for it to work reliably, we install it in a dry room with a constant positive temperature. The sequence of further work is as follows:

1. To connect all the elements, we use a fitting with five pins. We connect to it: inlet and outlet, pressure gauge, relay, hydraulic tank.
2. We connect the flow sensor to the pipeline. We connect the power supply to the pump circuit. If we use a level sensor, then it is placed in the well.
3. We enclose all electrical wiring in corrugated pipe. We connect the cable to the shield through the 10 mA RCD.

Plumbing with a surface pump - installation features

The outdoor unit is well fixed on flat surface so that it does not move during operation. We connect the incoming line to the pump, we pass the other end through the hole in the ring of the well. We connect a check valve to the pipe of the required length. We go down into the well, the assistant delivers the pipe. By means of a fitting, we connect it to horizontal pipes e. The vertical pipe must be of such length that the check valve is 30 centimeters above the bottom of the well.

Surface pumps do not start themselves, like deep ones. They must be filled with water. Fill it up until a stable level is formed in the pump. We connect the device to the wiring in the house, close the filler hole, check the pressure in the accumulator. We connect to the network, the water should fill the tank, at a pressure of 2.6–3.0 atm the device turns off. We open any tap, monitoring the pressure gauge. If the switch-on occurs at the pressure recommended by the manufacturer, the system is working correctly.

You should be aware of possible problems in order to prevent them. Insufficient trench depth, uninsulated junction of vertical and horizontal pipes can cause the liquid to freeze. To prevent this from happening, a trench is dug 20 cm deeper than freezing soil, the intake pipe is insulated, like the well itself. A tight cover with thermal insulation is installed on it.

Sometimes the water runs out. So the calculations are wrong. To prevent this from happening, before installing the equipment, we pump out the well and observe how long the level will resume, because each well has its own inflow and volume.

Private households are almost never connected to the central water supply. Since the use of well water has long been more in demand and accessible way water supply. To organize it directly from the well to the house, and not carry water in buckets, you need to find out in detail all the nuances of the process. Because one well, hose and engine will not be enough. Let's talk about how to do it correctly and efficiently.

Peculiarities

For an ordinary well, aquifers of a non-pressure type are often made. This is necessary due to the fact that they easily rest on the upper waterproof layer. Basically, an acceptable depth to provide water supply from a well for a private house is from 6 to 10 meters. Everything above is often rain or melt water that has not yet had time to pass the filtration.

Another feature of well water is the presence in it solid particles. This must be taken into account, since all this in the future may adversely affect the operation of the pump. Another factor to consider is the poor performance of many wells. It is important to remember that in different time The water level may either fall or rise during the year.

Kinds

A pipeline connected from a well to a private house or cottage does not differ much from other autonomous systems.

It includes:

well as a source;
pump;
storage capacity;
external plumbing;
water treatment system;
internal plumbing;
control automation.

There are two types of pumps that differ in the way they are installed. These are surface and submersible. There are also so-called float pumps. They are semi-submersible, as they are installed on the surface of the water. But for the water supply system in modern conditions they are practically not used.

As for surface pumps, it is best to install them if the height of the water in the well does not exceed 9 meters. Care must be taken to adhere to these standards so as not to reduce the performance of the equipment. There is also a water temperature limit. Basically, it should reach at least 4 degrees Celsius. It follows from this that the surface pump is most often included in the composition of the summer, and not the winter water supply. suburban area. Or you can install such a system already in the basement of the house. But with such an installation, the well should be located at a distance of about 12 meters from the building, which will be provided with water.

Submersible pumps can lift water to a height of about 100 meters. This does not mean that the source can be so much in depth. This indicates that such a distance is required for the liquid to reach the storage tank. Thanks to this, the container can be installed even in the attic of a relatively small building. When mounting such productive equipment, there is immediately no need to install a separate pump for water supply. The well in this case acts as a universal source, since it also allows the use of borehole pumps. They are much smaller in diameter and much longer in length than their counterparts.

The accumulator is an integral element of the water supply system, regardless of the type of pump that will be used. Since this is where the sensors will be installed and automatic system, which will control the on and off of the pump itself. The capacity of the accumulator is small and averages from 20 to 50 liters. This container is not for a reserve of water and performs several important functions at once. The water in the accumulator will keep the system running.

Also, the presence of a container minimizes the likelihood that a water hammer may occur in the system. When choosing a hydraulic accumulator model, you need to take into account the approximate amount of water that you plan to use daily. In addition, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room where the unit will be located will be important. This will depend on the size of the battery and the type of installation.

Depending on whether you live in this room all year round or use it as a summer cottage for the season, the method of laying the outer part of the water supply depends. If you come to the house only during the season, then you can safely choose summer scheme pipeline. In this case, it is best to install a surface pump. Experts recommend mounting it under a canopy to protect it from rain and strong sun - so that it is never wet. The pipes themselves, going from the pump to the building, can be laid very easily by digging small trenches and setting the pipes to the optimum depth.

In another case, the pipes can not be buried, but left on the surface so that they do not interfere. But only after the end of the warm months they will have to be disassembled and cleaned indoors for the winter. Also, the pipe can be brought into the room through the base or simply through the wall. Such summer version will simplify the work, because then you do not have to make a hole in the foundation of the building.

When there is a desire to install a surface pumping station in the basement of the premises, it is better to lay the pipeline along winter pattern. The advantage of such a scheme is that the water will not need to be drained regularly. And in the cold season, the whole system will tolerate frost well.

Device

Pipes from the well to the dacha or house are mainly carried out already when the well is already functioning smoothly on the land.

The scheme of autonomous water supply through a pipeline to the house consists of:

digging trenches for pipes;
pipeline laying;
selection of the optimal pump;
pump installations;
filter settings.

A detailed development of a water supply plan will also be required. The pipes themselves for conducting can be made of various materials. Metal, plastic, copper, cast iron are considered optimal. by the most important elements in the water supply scheme is the pump. You can install it directly in the house or above the well.

It is desirable that the pump be in a warm room, but if it is located on the street, then it must be wrapped up for the winter. The pump pumps water, which passes through the pipes and enters the accumulator. After that, the water diverges to all the necessary places in the house.

The pump is also installed in the well. This can be done in two ways. In the first case, you first need to drill a hole on the side of the second or third ring. After that, pass a plastic hose through this hole, on which the already mounted pump is lowered into the well so that it does not reach the bottom of 30 centimeters. An electrical cord must be passed through the same hole. In the second option, the pump hose that will pump water is already fixed directly in the well itself. This method is considered easier to perform and as convenient as possible. Since with such an installation, the pump, if necessary, can be easily obtained.

As for the water supply to the house, autonomous water supply schemes can differ significantly. It depends on whether it will be seasonal use of the well or permanent. Both in one and in the second option, the diameter of the pipe must be at least 32 millimeters. The piping should be at an angle to the well. Through each meter, the angle should be exceeded by 15 centimeters. If this is a seasonal water supply in a summer cottage, then it will be necessary to equip a tap through which the drain will be performed. Up to one of water pipes you need to attach a tee into which the pipe is inserted. In this case, it will serve as a drain.

If the pipeline supplies water all year round, then it must be installed deeper. So that the pipes do not freeze in winter, the average depth of the trench should be about 2 meters.

Materials and tools

Not every private house is connected to central system water supply, moreover, steel lines are often rusty and the water that flows through them is not at all suitable for drinking or domestic use. For this reason, many homeowners are doing plumbing to the private sector through a well or well today. At first glance, it may seem that these works are very time-consuming and costly, but with right approach and well-planned work, the entire event will take very few resources.

To bring water supply from a well to the house, you will need pipes that are correctly selected in size and composition. Experts recommend using modern materials by virtue of their High Quality. Polyethylene options are perfect, for example, with a wall thickness of 3 millimeters, which is optimal for laying water supply for a summer cottage or the private sector. For external wiring, pipes with a diameter of 32 mm are used.

In addition to pipes, plumbing requires quite a bit more a large number of materials. In addition, different eyeliner techniques require different equipment. For the most common scheme for supplying water from a well (using a submersible pump), parts such as a borehole adapter and a suspension cable with a diameter of approximately 3 millimeters are used. You will also need to purchase the pumping device itself, where a check-type valve is pre-installed.

Next item on the list necessary devices is a hydraulic accumulator. For this purpose, devices with a capacity of 25 to 100 liters are suitable. To control the operation of a submersible pump or station, you will also need a relay. It would be best to purchase a dry-running RDM-5 device. Also, to effectively control the operation of the pump, you will need a pressure gauge.

To clean the water entering the house, you will need to buy filters, both coarse and fine cleaning. In addition, you will need to purchase ball-type valves, as well as fittings. In order for the entire system to function for a long time and smoothly, it will need to be connected to the electrical network, which can be done using a conventional electrical cable and a switch with a rating of 16 amperes.

How to do?

The flow of water from the well into the room can be provided as exclusively in summer time and on a regular basis during each season. To prevent water from freezing due to winter cold, it is reasonable to conduct water supply directly under the ground. There are several options for self-arranging a water supply system that do not require significant costs. labor resources or financial investments. Nevertheless, even during such work, one can encounter a number of difficulties, the main of which is correct docking hose with ring sides where the hole is made.

To surface water with pollution did not fall into the well, the docking point is isolated by special composition to be made from cement and liquid glass. When in the country or in a private house there is permanent water supply- It is very comfortable for residents. However, to conduct water at home and do it right, you will need to work hard.

In addition to a number of building materials and tools, certain skills and theoretical knowledge. The main ways to ensure an uninterrupted supply of water include supply through a pumping station, through special tanks or using a hydraulic tank. Proper organization and setting up such a water supply system will allow you to get excellent water pressure in the tap.

To begin with, in the room you will need to allocate a place where the pump will be installed. For this purpose, a small pantry is perfect - such a room is not so difficult to remake for the necessary needs. Next, they usually proceed directly to the device of the water supply system. First, you need to lower the water intake pipe into the well at a distance of about half a meter from the bottom. One end of this pipe is closed with a special filter made of a special mesh - it is he who will purify the water from all kinds of debris.

It should be noted that the filter will sometimes need to be cleaned. Don't be scared - it's pretty easy to do. If a metal pin is mounted on the bottom of the well, then the cleaning hose is attached to it, otherwise this is done in any convenient way.

Before the pumping station, it is required to connect a check type valve and a filter system for coarse cleaning. A fine filter is installed after the pump. This installation order is dictated by the fact that particles of dirt should not enter the device, because they can simply break it. Installing a valve is required so that water does not flow back to where it came from.

Such a system requires constant monitoring, and therefore the installation of equipment such as a pressure switch and a pressure gauge is mandatory. After connecting all complex system water supply, these devices will need to be properly configured.

Subject to all the connection rules, it will not be difficult to supply water to the house. Such a homemade system works extremely efficiently. However, there are a number of nuances and subtleties, thanks to which the wiring of water supply will be even easier. In many cases, pumps can be installed directly above a well or well, for which all equipment is installed in a special container - a caisson. This approach is very popular. First you need to dig a pipe to a depth of 2.5 meters, and the diameter of the hole should be 2 times larger than the caisson. A standard concrete solution is poured into its bottom with a layer of 20 centimeters, after which a caisson is placed there.

The pipe is cut so that its end is about another half a meter above the caisson. Then you need to dig a trench about 2 meters deep. After that, you can proceed to the installation of the pump and connect it to the plumbing system. And, finally, at the final stage of installing a water supply system with your own hands, you need to fill the caisson with a solution of concrete along the contour and cover everything from above with earth.

Creating a water supply from a well or well in a private household requires a number of preparatory work, some of which are quite large. Such activities include the arrangement of a well with a waterproofing system or drilling a water well with the installation of a casing-type pipe. Also, in some cases, it is possible to install a special reservoir, which will be underground - water is supplied to such a storage, which in the future can be fearlessly drunk. All of the above options are well combined with a water supply scheme that includes a pumping station with a relatively small capacity.

It should be borne in mind that during the first start-up of water supply to a private house from a well in a system that was made on their own, various problems are possible. Naturally, it often happens that the plumbing is debugged almost perfectly, then there will be no problems, but mistakes can happen to anyone. Thus, when starting the system for the first time, you need to carefully monitor how it works, for which you need to check how it functions at home. First of all, you need to closely monitor such an important indicator as pressure.

If there is a clear lack of it, then most likely there is a leak somewhere that will need to be found and fixed. For this reason, experts do not recommend burying a trench before the first start-up of the water supply, since in this case it will be extremely difficult to find a leak and eliminate it.

When pipes don't seem to be buried deep enough to keep the water flowing throughout each season, they can be further insulated with a material such as mineral wool. Then the water will be supplied to the room almost all year round. In addition, you can arrange a hot water supply from a well to solve such an urgent problem once and for all. Outside the city limits in households, hot water supply is most often done using solid fuel boilers.

How effective an autonomous water supply will be depends largely on the pressure indicator in the system. Whether water is taken from a well or from a well, in any case, the water supply must be arranged in such a way that there is good pressure from the tap. Sometimes it happens that there is simply no way to ensure the correct pressure and, accordingly, a good pressure of water from the tap. Then you can use non-pressure tanks powered by electricity. However, such equipment is sometimes difficult to combine with household appliances such as a washing machine or dishwasher.

The quality of water from such sources is quite enough to water the garden. Moreover, the first stage of filtration provides sufficient cleaning to wash a car with such water without fear of damaging the paint. But in order for the well to be fearlessly drunk and used for cooking, it must be brought separately to impeccable quality.

The main problem is that the chemical and bacterial composition of water from an ordinary, not very deep well or well is extremely unstable. Back in the 50s of the last century, most well owners did not think about whether or not to drink well water, since the upper layers of the soil and, accordingly, the water were not yet so badly spoiled human activity. Today, water from wells, especially if they are located near cities, can be drunk with great caution.

In modern conditions, even 15 meters of land will not filter the water well enough for its natural purification. Even when a site with a well is located at a considerable distance from megacities and industrial zones, the composition of rivers and precipitation will affect the chemical composition of the water. For this reason, a plumbing system connected to a not very deep well or well requires regular correction and adjustment of the filters installed in the water treatment system.

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