Plants bloom in early spring. Perennial garden flowers for the garden. Catalog with description. bulbous perennial flowers

As a child, my parents often took me to the forest for blueberries. Today, I grow many primroses myself near the house, and all the guests are sure that these modest kids make the yard the most comfortable and “warmest” on the whole street. In botany, primroses are a specific species (you will learn about them below). But we gardeners also call primroses many other early spring plants that bloom when the snow lies. I will show a photo of each of them, and also talk about their breeding.

• Almost all the first spring flowers are not demanding to care for.
• These plants love well-lit places, as well as moist soil (but without puddles).
• On the same bed, you can “make friends” with perennials that bloom in late spring. They will replace the primroses when they fade.
• Bulb flowers should be planted in the fall (exception: crocuses and hyacinths). As for root plants (such as lungwort, hellebore), they can be remembered in the spring.
• Some species wild plants are still largely uncultivated. The fact is that they take root very poorly in kindergartens. These include: forest anemone, mountain adonis and bathing suit.
• The best types of cultivated primroses are: crocuses, hazel grouse, irises, hyacinths.
• Varietal types of flowers, which were once wild, amaze with their colors. Yes, some snowdrops can be pink, bluebells can be white and pink.

Facts you didn't know about these flowers

• Many primroses are considered endangered in wild nature, therefore, are listed in the Red Book. You can not pick in the forest (neither for sale, nor even for a bouquet) hellebore or wintering, primrose, liverwort, large-flowered corydalis. Many species of snowdrops are also under threat. Although, of course, no one forbids you to buy seeds or bulbs, grow these babies in the country, and make bouquets from them.
• If blueberries are forest flowers, then there are also steppe primroses: backache, single-flowered tulip, naked holly.
• Some of these plants are used not only for decorative purposes, but also for medicinal purposes. Yes, lungwort is a diuretic, expectorant, as well as a natural antiseptic, spring primrose is a cold remedy, and powdery primrose is best friend our hair.

Snowdrop (galanthus)

A cold-resistant flower that appears simply from under the snow, even if it is still frosty outside. In the wild, it grows mainly in forests.

It grows from a bulb, it is not picky about the soil. True, when the earth is not loose and moisture stagnates in it, rotting can begin in the bulb. This baby does not need to be watered (exception: little snowy winter and dry spring).

In the garden, it is better to plant it under bushes and trees.

It reproduces with the help of baby bulbs. It is worth transplanting them in the summer months.

Scilla (scilla)

Another forest dweller blooming blue flowers at the end of March.

This is perennial, propagating by dividing bulbs, as well as self-sowing. Plant them only once, and they will “register” on your site for many years. These kids are not capricious, they grow up on lawns, flower beds or gardens with equal success. The soil is fertile.

Important: they are not afraid of frost, but if the winter promises to be very cold, it is better to “wrap” the flower garden with them in autumn with fallen leaves.

crocuses

Blooms in early April.

Most gardeners in one flower bed combine different types(that is, shades) of crocuses, so the flower garden looks especially elegant. It is also customary to plant these flowers against the background decorative stones. They look no less successful on the lawn, but there is one important point: it will be late to mow such a lawn, when the last leaf of primroses fades.

Their bulbs are planted in the fall, and it doesn’t matter if they are in the shade or in the sun (although in a well-lit area, the flowers will grow juicier, brighter, and, moreover, earlier than the “shadow ones”). The bulbs overwinter in the ground (in the cold season, a flower bed with them can be mulched).

They reproduce by dividing the bulbs.

Vesennik (erantis)

They bloom very early, even more often than snowdrops. Flowering can last up to 14 days.

They like rich, moist soil. In dry spring, it is better to water them a little. It is better to plant under bushes or trees (but not conifers).

This perennial flower propagated by seeds. It is predominantly self-seeding. A plant that hatches from a seed will bloom only in the third year.

Muscari (mouse hyacinth)

perennial bulbous plant. Likes both shade and sun. The main thing is that the soil must be drained, as the bulb is afraid of excess moisture.

Blooms from April to May. Inflorescences can be white, pinkish, blue, blue.

Important! This flower can behave un-gentlemanly, quickly spreading to the site. Therefore, it is better to plant it in a closed flower bed.

Primrose

A plant with over 500 types of color (!). It can be planted both in a flower bed and in pots.

It starts blooming in April.

He likes nitrogen (in early spring) and phosphorus (when flowers open) fertilizers. The soil should be moist, well-drained, without puddles.

Propagated by dividing the bush. This should be done when all the flowers have gone (the first month of summer).

Spring primroses (spring primrose, rams, lady's hands)

Forest herbaceous perennial plant.

Despite the promising name, it blooms from April to June.

It has a root, propagated by seeds and root division.

The soil is unpretentious - it can be loamy, clayey or drained. Loves moisture, so it should be watered often. It is better to plant in partial shade.

Interestingly, the leaves of this plant are considered edible. They can be added to cabbage soup or salads.

Lungwort

Low-growing perennial plant, not afraid of even deep shade. However, if you have the opportunity, it is better to plant a flower in partial shade. Remember: in this place, the plant can “register” not for a year or two, but for several decades.

The soil likes fertile, slightly acidic.

Propagated by dividing the bush (this "procedure" also helps thin out the bed, which is important for this flower).

Lungwort can be lightly watered, once fertilized with mineral top dressing.

Backache (sleep-grass)

Most early view This plant pleases with its color from April to May. Not afraid of frost.

Likes well-drained calcareous soil.

Unlike other primroses, this flower is whimsical. For example, it will not grow in alkaline soil, as well as in dampness. Loves sunny places, frequent top dressing (nitrogen, lime, less often phosphorus and potassium).

Propagated by seeds (they can be collected in late May - early June). They should be sown in early summer. Blooms in the second year of life. It has a strong rhizome.

Lesser known primroses

Do you want your spring flower bed caused not only admiring glances, but also surprise? Choose flowers whose names you may not even know experienced growers. For example…

Iridodictium (snowdrop irises)

Bulbous perennial low (up to 10 cm) plants that can also hatch from under the snow. Sometimes they resemble simple irises, but irises bloom in May-June, and iridodictium in early spring (March).

Meet different colors: blue and blue, violet and purple, orange and red, sometimes with colored spots and stripes.

Not afraid of rocky soil. These small beauties are planted in groups in the flower garden.

As for care, you can handle this flower if you have already grown tulips. Iridodictium loves a lot sunlight, light soils, lots of food. Plant them in the first month of autumn, along with tulips. When the plant has faded, it is customary to dig it up. Then separate the bulbs (one gives up to two babies).

Hellebore (Christmas rose, Christ flower)

This plant even has its own legend: many believe that it was the hellebore that the shepherds brought as a gift to baby Jesus. It was also believed that if you plant a plant under the window, black magic and damage will not enter the house.

It is an evergreen perennial herb. Blooms after snowdrops and crocuses. It can bloom with light frosts (up to -5 degrees).

It can please with various shades of flowers, have both one and two rows of petals.

It is not demanding on the soil, it loves partial shade (so plant it under a tree, but remember that the flower does not like transplants, so it will grow in this place for many years). Propagated by seeds, you can also divide the bushes.

Anemone (anemone)

These flowers are different shade. It is easy to confuse red anemones with poppies, but they appear in spring, while poppies appear in summer.

In the wild, they grow in forests and bloom in white, covering the glades with a carpet.

In the garden, they like nutritious (with humus), alkaline, moist soil. Grow from the root, multiply by dividing it (this is worth doing in early spring). For the winter, the flower bed should be mulched, as the roots lie high and can freeze.

Liverwort (coppice)

So named because the shape of the leaves resembles this organ.

Grows in forests. Flowers can be pink, bright blue.

It has a root, it reproduces itself (you can separate the bushes). It should be planted in late spring or early autumn. Afraid of open places (with direct sunlight), loves moisture.

Grouse

A perennial plant with a bulb, a relative of the lily.

The very best garden views hazel grouse imperial and chess are considered (pictured).

There are many cultivated, garden primroses. But still, wild snowdrops are the very first to bloom.

The variety of plants in the forest zone allows you to choose for your garden plot those flowers or herbs that will ideally match the conditions of your site. As a rule, forest grasses and flowering plants are unpretentious, because in nature they are content with a shadow. tall trees and are forced to survive, despite the bush thickets surrounding them on all sides. Check out the photos of forest flowers and their names below to choose the most suitable for your garden.

Perennial plants for the forest area

Adiantum (ADIANTUM). Adinth family.

Basil filamentous(T. filamentosum) - low, 15-25 cm high, with a long rhizome, forms a thicket of pale green leaves, in an openwork inflorescence, grows in the shade.

Basil of Delaway (T. delavayi)- 100 cm high, magnificent large pink or red inflorescence.

Growing conditions. Sunny or semi-shaded places with loose, moist soils (except for the small one, which prefers dry soils).

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring or before winter), dividing the bush (in spring or late summer). Capable of weeding. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Black cohosh, cimicifuga (CIMICIFUGA). Buttercup family.

Tall grasses (up to 200 cm), blooming from late summer through autumn. There are about 20 known species growing in the forests of the Far East and North America. The rhizome is dense, short, forms a powerful root system. The leaves are large, trifoliate, rising high on a long petiole, tall peduncles, bearing clusters of numerous small white flowers. Slowly growing perennial, holding a place up to 30-40 years.

Types and varieties:

Black cohosh branched (C. ramosa)- height 200 cm, grade "Atropurpurea".

Black cohosh Dahurian (C. dahurica)- height 200 cm, with a branchy racemose inflorescence, blooms in September-October.

Black cohosh (C. racemosa = C. cordifoiia)- height 180 cm, blooms earlier than other species (in July), pale-white flowers in a racemose inflorescence.

Black cohosh simple(C. simpiex)- height 140 cm, blooms in September, flowers in a simple spike-shaped inflorescence.

Growing conditions. Shaded to semi-shaded areas with rich, well-drained, moderately moist soils.

Reproduction. Freshly harvested seeds, sowing before winter. Seedlings bloom in the 3-5th year, but it is more reliable to propagate in the spring by dividing the bush. Delenki easily take root and live without a transplant for up to 30 years. Planting density - 3 pcs. per 1 m2.

Jeffersonia (JEFFERSONIA). The barberry family.

There are only two species in this genus, growing at opposite ends of the globe - one in the forests of eastern North America, the other in the forests of the Far East. These are low (25-35 cm) short-rhizomatous herbs that form rounded bushes from tender basal rounded leaves and bloom in early spring. Flowers solitary, 2-3 cm in diameter.

Types and varieties:

Jeffersonia bifolia (J. diphylla) from America has a leaf carved at the top and white flowers; in Jeffersonia doubtful (J. dubia) from the Far East, the leaves are rounded, and the flowers are pale lilac.

Growing conditions. In the shade, under the canopy of trees that cover the ground in autumn with fallen leaves; on loose forest soil, well drained.

Reproduction.seed propagation difficult, since the seeds germinate only in the 3rd year. Propagated by dividing the bush at the end of summer. Without division and transplantation, they can grow 20-25 years.

Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2.

Cardiocrinum (CARDIOCRINUM). Lily family.

The genus Cardiocrinum includes 3 species of large bulbous herbs growing on forest edges and in rare forests of East Asia. Peduncle 150-300 cm high with numerous flowers similar to lilies. These are the most tall plants lily family. They have shiny large heart-shaped leaves on petioles and numerous (up to 30 pieces per stem) white tubular fragrant flowers up to 15 cm long.

Species and varieties. Grows well in the temperate zone:

Cardiocrinum cordatum (C. cordatum), especially its shape "Glenna" (C. cordatum f. Glehnii), living in the light forests of Sakhalin, they have large flowers in a multi-flowered inflorescence.

Cardiocrinum giant (C. giganteum)- plant of the Himalayas, needs strong shelter, often damaged by frost.

Growing conditions. Slightly shaded areas with moist, loose, rich soils under a canopy of broad-leaved species (oak, linden, maple, apple tree).

Reproduction. Freshly harvested seeds are sown before winter, they germinate in spring, seedlings bloom in the 7-10th year.

Lungwort (PULMONARIA). Borage family.

Perennial forest rhizomatous herbs (about 14 species) 20-40 cm high, with oval pubescent leaves in a basal rosette and tubular flowers of red-violet tones (change color after pollination) in a dense curl inflorescence. Bloom in early spring. The name of these forest herbs was due to the fact that their flowers are rich in nectar, lungwort is one of the first spring honey plants.

Types and varieties:

Lungwort narrow-leaved(P. angustifolia)-, grows in pine forests on sandy soils in Europe.

Lungwort varieties Azure and Smokey Blue.

Lungwort Filyarsky (P. filarszkyana)caviar (P. rubra)- with from the forests of the Carpathians, variety "Redstart".

Lungwort the softest (P. mollissima)- up to 40 cm high, dark blue flowers, from the forests of the Caucasus, Central Asia.

Lungwort dark (P. obscura)- flowers are lilac-pink, from the forests of Central Europe.

Lungwort sugar (P. saccharata)- from the forests of Southern Europe, green leaves with large bluish spots, lilac flowers, variety "Mrs. moon".

Growing conditions. Shaded areas under the canopy of trees with loose forest soils, moderately moist. M. narrow-leaved grows well on the sands, and m. sugar - on stony sandy soils in good light.

Reproduction. The division of the bush (at the end of summer). Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.

Stalk leaf (CAULOPHYLLUM). The barberry family.

Large (up to 120 cm high) herbs with a thickened short rhizome, straight stem (up to 100 cm high) and several beautiful, slightly bluish trifoliate leaves. The flowers are small, pale yellow, collected in a rare panicle.

Pay attention to the photos of these forest herbs - they are especially beautiful in autumn, when berry-like, gray-colored fruits ripen on them.

Species and varieties. This genus contains only two species:

Stalk leaf powerful (C. robustum)- a taiga plant of the south of the Ussuri Territory and a cornflower-shaped cobalt (C. thaLictroides) - a plant of broad-leaved forests of eastern North America. They are very similar in appearance and in their ecological needs.

Growing conditions. Heavily shaded areas under a canopy of broad-leaved species. The soils are loose, forest, moderately moist. They winter well under the litter.

Reproduction. Seed propagation is difficult, the seeds germinate only in the 2-3rd year, and the seedlings bloom in the 4-5th year. Without transplantation and division, they can grow in one place up to 30 years.

Reproduction is possible by dividing the bush at the end of summer. Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.

Disporum (DISPORUM). Family uvulariaceae (liliaceae).

Forest perennial herbs(about 15 species), growing in the forests of East Asia and North America, with a horizontal creeping rhizome and stems branching at the top into two branches, covered with ovate leaves and ending in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence of narrowly bell-shaped white-greenish flowers. Decorative fruits.

Types and varieties:

Spring flowers. Name and characteristics

After a long winter, spring flowers are especially beautiful. In conditions middle lane In Russia, the first flowers bloom in mid-April (crocuses, blueberries, some varieties of tulips). In May, the number of flowers increases. Daffodils, later varieties of tulips, hyacinths, ground primroses, viola (pansies), forget-me-not, soddy phlox and some others are blooming. At the end of May, peonies and oriental poppy bloom.

The variety of spring flowers is very large, but the first place among them rightfully belongs to the tulip. His bright flowers have no equal among other spring flowers.

Crocuses are often considered the first spring flowers, but there are many small bulbous plants that begin to bloom.

even earlier. These plants are small small flowers, but when planted in groups, they create the same effect as, for example, tulips and daffodils.

Spring flowers by flowering time

Pansies(viola) - the most common flowers in garden landscaping. This is biennial plant(in culture annual). Its maximum flowering occurs in the second year of life. Seeds are sown in the first half of July. By autumn, as a rule, seedlings are already ready. On the permanent place it is planted in late September or early spring. Pansies bloom from early spring to mid-summer. At early spring sowing viola blooms in late summer, but does not bloom profusely. Among the varieties of pansies, Abendglut ( dark red), Mars (dark blue), Himmelkönig (blue), North Pole (white), Helios (yellow), etc. Pansies are most often planted in the form of solid flower beds, flower beds or spots on the lawn.

Arabis alpine

Arabis alpine, or rezuha, is a perennial undersized plant. The flowers are white, simple or double. Stems semi-recumbent with ash-gray leaves. Arabis blooms profusely, almost completely covering the leaves with white inflorescences, starting in April. Flowering time is 2-3 weeks.

The plant is very winter-hardy and unpretentious, suitable for planting on rocky hills, discounts, mixborders and along paths.

Propagated in autumn or spring by dividing bushes, early summer cuttings, as well as seeds. Cuttings take root well after flowering.

Badan

Badan, or bergenia, is a perennial plant native to Altai, which determines its high winter hardiness. Badan leaves are large, rounded, shiny, decorative, dark green. The flowers are purple-pink in color, rise above the leaves by 20-30 cm on the peduncle. Flowering begins in the first half of May. Flowering time is 2-3 weeks. Since there are still relatively few other colors at this time, it seems to fill the “gap”. Propagated by seeds and division of bushes. Sowing seeds - autumn and spring. The division of the bushes is best done early autumn.

In the design, it is used for planting on discounts, along paths, in groups, mixborders, in the form of a border, as well as on alpine slides.

Periwinkle pubescent

Periwinkle pubescent - groundcover with creeping weakly branched stems. Leaves pointed, ovoid. Flowers solitary, large, purple-blue. Blooms from mid-May for 15-20 days.

The plant reproduces vegetatively. Can be propagated by cuttings in July-August.

Periwinkle grows, blooms and has a spectacular appearance in neutral, well-drained soils.

spring whiteflower

Spring white flower in nature is found along the edges of beech forests Central Europe. This is bulbous perennial up to 20 cm high. Bulb ovoid. Leaves broadly lanceolate. Flowers solitary or paired white, drooping, with pleasant smell. Petals with green or yellow tips. Blooms from April for 3-4 weeks.

The plant has been cultivated since 1420. Most famous variety- Carpathicum. Flowers large, with yellow spots on the petals.

brunner sibirica

Siberian Brunnera is a perennial winter-hardy plant native to Altai. It has large heart-shaped leaves. Blooms in early May (3-4 weeks). The flowers are bright blue, collected in fairly tall brushes, reminiscent of forget-me-not in color. It reproduces well by dividing bushes, which grow very quickly. It is necessary to divide the bushes every 2-3 years, in autumn and spring. But it is best to do this in early autumn, then spring flowering will be more complete.

In the design it is used in groups, on discounts and in mixborders.

Vesennik

Vesennik, or erantis, is a plant with yellow cup-shaped flowers that fill the air with a honey aroma. Flowers solitary, appear in early spring (April-May), breaking through the snow, and bloom up to 8 weeks.

Hyacinth

Hyacinth is a perennial bulbous plant that can be grown in open ground, and in room conditions. It occurs naturally in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. It has more than 30 wild species.

In central Russia, hyacinths begin to bloom in early May, which coincides with flowering early varieties tulips. Flowering time - 25 days.

The disadvantage of hyacinths is that they are not winter-hardy and, in the conditions of central Russia, require shelter for the winter.

Iris reticulated

Iris net - fragrant flower purple. This is the earliest type of iris.

The flowering period lasts from late February to early April.

There are varieties with flowers of white, yellow and light blue. The leaves are soft and herbaceous.

Crocus

Crocus, or saffron, belongs to the group of bulbous early spring plants. It blooms a little before daffodils and tulips. But the duration of flowering is only 8-10 days.

The plant reproduces by bulbs, and planting and caring for it are similar to tulips. But unlike tulips, crocus bulbs are planted somewhat thicker and at a shallower depth, given their size.

daisies

A very unusual, star-shaped appearance of lawns will help to interspersed with daisies. For this, flower seeds are sown simultaneously with sowing. lawn grasses or later. Blooms during May-June.

Daisies are good for planting along paths, in the form of borders.

The plant gives self-sowing, so it blooms annually.

Seeds of daisies are sown on the ridges in July, then dive. Planted in a permanent place in September or early spring.

Lungwort narrow-leaved

Lungwort blooms in the garden in April-May. Flowering time is 3-4 weeks. Its bright purple-pink buds and half-open flowers look very beautiful. Especially against the backdrop of green foliage.

Lungwort grows well in moist soil, demanding on fertilizers. Propagated by seeds and division of long rhizomes. Collecting lungwort seeds is quite difficult, as they ripen slowly and fall off almost immediately.

Narcissus

Daffodils bloom almost simultaneously with tulips. Flowering time - 2 weeks. These are beautiful, as a rule, white flowers, attracting attention with their grace. Some varieties of daffodils have a pleasant subtle aroma. Of the many groups of varieties of daffodils in our conditions, the most stable are the so-called poetic ones.

Rusty-spotted sedge

Rusty-spotted sedge is a suitable plant for borders, as it holds the edge of plantings well. Blooms in April (3-4 weeks) with bright pink flowers. Sedge grows very slowly and forms a cover up to 20 cm high. The decorativeness of the plant increases during flowering.

Propagated by seeds and division of the bush in August.

Primrose

Large cup primrose, or primrose, is a plant about 10-20 cm high, with bright yellow flowers collected in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence. Blooms in late April - early May. Flowering time is 3-4 weeks.

The plant propagates by dividing the bush and seeds. Grows well in shade and open sunny areas.

Snowdrop common

Snowdrop is a low modest plant that first appears (March-April) after winter in our gardens. Flowering time - 3-4 weeks. It first produces a pair of linear leaves, and then blooms with drooping white bells. He is not afraid of snow and spring frosts.

Snowdrop is one of the earliest flowering plants, sometimes breaks through a layer of snow.

Primrose ground

Ground primroses are perennial winter-hardy plants. They begin to bloom in May (4 weeks). They have a variety of colors.

The most common types of primroses are serrated, tall and avricula. They are propagated in two ways: by seeds and by dividing the bushes. Seeds are sown in early spring, and the division of the bush is carried out in August-September.

Primroses do not like bright sunlight, preferring partial shade. It is best to plant them next to shrubs and trees.

Tulip

There are more than ten thousand varieties of tulip in the world assortment. They differ in color, height, flowering time and other features.

Particularly beautiful varieties bred in Holland: the Bolshoi Theater, London, Parade. They are distinguished by bright red, very large flowers. No less beautiful are the varieties of domestic selection: Pomegranate bracelet, Purple glass, Effect, Raspberry ringing.

Tulips of the Tashkent region are the first to bloom in April. botanical garden(Lyubov Shevtsova, March 8 and Sunrise). Then come later varieties: Dillenburg, Yunms, Alaska. They begin to bloom at the end of May. The duration of flowering of each variety is 10-15 days.

At correct selection early and late varieties you can have blooming tulips for 1.5 months.

To get the maximum decorative effect, single-sorted tulips can be planted in groups different size depending on the size of the flower bed. Blooming tulips look especially good against the background of the lawn.

They go great with forget-me-nots and pansies.

So that after the end of flowering in the flower garden there are no voids, seedlings of annuals are planted in their place. blooming in summer plants.

Phlox soddy

Soddy phlox is a perennial herbaceous plant. It has hard subulate leaves that densely cover the lying stems, forming a dense carpet 10-12 cm high. Phlox begins to bloom in May with numerous star-shaped flowers pink, blue and white. The duration of flowering is 30-40 days, in some cases a little more. After flowering, the plants do not lose their decorative effect, thanks to the carpet formed by dark green leaves.

The advantages of this plant: winter hardiness, drought resistance, unpretentious care, the ability to tolerate bright sun and partial shade, ease of reproduction, rapid growth. Phlox propagates mainly by early summer cuttings of stems, less often by dividing bushes.

In decoration, it is used to create perennial carpets, lawn spots, borders, as well as in rocky flower beds.

Chionodoxa

Chionodoxa, or snowman, is one of the first spring flowers. Found in several color options and each has its own characteristics. The plant is exceptionally hardy. It is easy to grow.

Chionodoxes are low, found in nature in the mountainous regions of Asia Minor and in southern Turkey. Blooms in early spring (April-May). Flowering time is 2-3 weeks. 10-15 wide-bell-shaped flowers are placed on a thin stem of the peduncle. During flowering, it is a lush "basket" filled with flowers and lined with leaves of bright emerald color.

➣ Soddy phlox, bergenia, or bergenia, alpine arabis, Siberian brunner among spring flowers still occupy an insignificant place, but deserve attention. Distinctive features of these plants are exceptional winter hardiness and early flowering.

With what impatience we all look forward to spring. How we rejoice at the first warm rays of the sun, the first thawed patches and streams. But the first spring flowers cause a special delight. The appearance of these small but courageous heralds of spring indicates that spring has finally and irrevocably come.

1. Galanthus or snowdrop (Galanthus)

2. Hellebore (Нelleborus)

The name speaks for itself. The hellebore blooms in the cold. In native places (in Transcaucasia), it blooms in winter (at the end of February). Thanks to legend, the hellebore is sometimes called the "rose of Christ." It was first found near the barn where Christ was born, and since then, as if in memory of this event, the hellebore has been blooming in the south in winter.

3. Crocus or saffron (Crocus)

Crocuses are the favorite flowers of gardeners and urban landscapers. The crocuses have blossomed, which means that spring has come. The ancient Greeks considered the crocus to be the flower of the dawn goddess Aurora, the flower of awakening nature. There is a beautiful legend. In one of spring days on the bank of the river between the god Zeus and the Hero happened love. The warmth of their passion awakened the earth, and the glade was covered with beautiful white and purple flowers crocuses. “Close your eyes, imagine noble saffron, and then you will see everything: the noble blue of the sky, the mysterious yellow moon, the pink morning dawn and the purple-red twilight,” they said about crocuses in the Ancient East.

4. Scilla or Scilla (Scilla)

As soon as the snow melts, they appear blue flowers woodland, which many incorrectly, although deservedly, call "snowdrops". Most types of blueberries have bright blue flowers. Glades of flowering plants in the garden resemble lakes, which reflect the clear spring sky.

5. Lungwort (Pulmonaria)

In the inflorescences of this primrose, you can see both pink and dark blue flowers.
There is a legend that the dark blue flowers of lungwort are the flowers of Adam, the first man. And the pink ones are the flowers of Eve, the first woman. Two different colors of flowers on one plant symbolize the unity of opposites.
However, with scientific point vision is easily explained. anthocyanins, vegetable pigments in the cells of the plant responsible for the color of the petals, change their color depending on the acidity of the cell sap. With a decrease in the acidity of the cell sap, anthocyanins turn blue, and with an increase in acidity, they turn pink. In freshly blooming flowers, the acidity of the cell sap is high, so they are pink. And in the process of aging of flowers, the acidity of their juice decreases, so anthocyanins gradually turn blue.

6. Narcissus (Narcissus)

The name of this flower comes from Greek word"narkao" - to intoxicate, stun, which is probably related to his strong aroma. Many legends are associated with the beautiful narcissus. The Greeks consider it a symbol of cold beauty, narcissism, vanity and selfishness. This is connected with the story of the handsome young man Narcissus and the nymph Echo unrequitedly in love with him. Narcissus, as punishment for neglecting Echo's love, was condemned to love his own reflection. According to legend, the narcissus flower grew where the beautiful Greek youth Narcissus, who fell in love with his reflection in the water, died of self-love. In ancient Persia, poets compared the eyes of their beloved with daffodil flowers. The ancient Romans greeted the winners of battles with yellow daffodils. And now the narcissus is the most favorite flower of the British, which is second in popularity in the UK even to the rose.

7. Violet or viola (Viola)

Violet is the favorite flower of the most different peoples. Poems and legends are written about her. She is considered a symbol of tenderness, modesty and innocence. There are more than 450 types of violets distributed throughout the globe. The earliest of them bloom as soon as the snow melts: Altai, fragrant, klobuchkovy, marsh, amazing, tricolor, hilly, bringing us joy and spring mood.

8. Anemone or anemone (Anemone)

Anemone or anemone is one of the first heralds of spring. After all, many types of anemone, including oak and buttercup, are early spring flowering plants. And the oak anemone is generally often called the "snowdrop" for early flowering and for the snow-white color of its flower. As soon as the snow melts and the buds begin to swell on the trees, this lovely delicate flower covers the space under the forest canopy with a solid white carpet. The most delicate petals sway from the slightest breath of wind, that's where the name "anemone" comes from.

9. Corydalis (Corydalis)

In the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, there are about 320 species of Corydalis. These are one of the earliest spring flowers, pleasing to the eye after long winter. The growth of corydalis usually begins under the snow, in March. And in April, very cute inflorescences-brushes appear. In the forest in early spring, the lilac islets of Corydalis very beautifully dilute the white seas of the oak anemone.

10. Marigold (Сaltha)

In the forest, not all the snow has yet melted, and along the roadsides in the lowlands, where the melt water flows, bright yellow marsh marigolds are already blooming. It is impossible not to notice these sunny yellow bouquets framed by lacquer-shiny leaves against the background of bare spring land around. Marsh marigold is indispensable when creating gardens in landscape style. There are very beautiful garden molds with double flowers pale yellow and white.

11. Liverwort (Hepatica)

The people call the liverwort "coppice", as it does not like open places and grows only in the forest. Flowering liverworts look very elegant, it is impossible to pass by bright blue lush bouquets. After a long winter, it is especially pleasant to find a bush of flowering liverworts in the forest and saturate your eyes with their touching beauty.

More than one snowdrop tells that the reign of winter has come to an end. Primroses are the heralds of spring, which not only look very cute, but are also healing.

Types of primroses

All early flowering plants are called primroses. They bloom immediately after the snow has melted. Basically, the presented plants belong to deciduous forests. The thing is that it was they who had to adapt to early development, in order to gain strength until the foliage blossoms on the trees.

Annual. It reaches a height of up to 70 cm. The leaves are sharp. The flowers are small - up to 5 mm. Flowering occurs from May to August. Fruiting - from June to September. It prefers to grow in weedy meadows and forests, near water bodies, in vegetable gardens.

Perennial. It reaches a height of 60 cm. The rhizome is short. Flowers 2.5 cm in diameter, golden yellow. Flowering occurs from April to June. Prefers bright places, humus soils.

Height - up to 30 cm. The flowers are tubular-bell-shaped, the color is first pink, then blue-violet. Flowering occurs from April to May. Prefers shade, grows in fresh, mineral-rich soils. Possesses medicinal properties.

Perennial. It reaches a height of 20 cm. The flowers are large, bell-shaped, solitary. Color - blue-violet. Flowering occurs from April to May. Prefers dry open places. Poisonous.

Perennial. It reaches a height of up to 12 cm. The leaves are collected in a rosette. The flowers are odorless, light purple. Flowering occurs from April to June.

Variety of primrose species

In total, there are about 500 species of primroses in the world. They differ in the shape and color of the leaves, flowering time. Many species are medicinal.

1. The tall primrose is actually a short plant. Its length reaches only 40 cm. The flowers are light yellow. Prefers loose and moist soils, shade. Often found in Altai and Asia Minor. It is absent in the wild on the territory of the Russian Federation.
2. Powdery primrose in length grows up to 20 cm. Its foliage is covered with yellow or white powdery coating. The color of the flowers is purple-pink, lilac. Inside each flower there is a bright eye - it reaches 1 cm. In the wild, primroses can be found in the northern part European Russia, on the Far East and southern Siberia. Decoctions and infusions made from this plant are actively used to treat dermatitis.
3. spring primrose is a perennial. Its height reaches 30 cm. The stem is leafless, the rhizome is short. The tops of the leaves are slightly blunt. The flowers are bright yellow, have a honey smell. The fruit is a multi-seeded brown capsule. The leaves contain ascorbic acid.

Features of care

Absolutely all primroses are not demanding in care. Enough to find them appropriate place in the garden, and in the spring you can see a whole carpet of plants.

Primroses prefer partial shade and moist soil. They can be referred to. When planted in dry, unshaded areas, plants can be affected by diseases.

There is no need to fertilize, but if you wish, you can add compost and humus. Be sure to remove dry leaves and separate overgrown bulbs.

Landing is carried out in the fall. But you can just buy ready-made primroses in pots and plant them in the spring. Hyacinths and crocuses take root very quickly. Hellebore and lungwort are planted right in the spring. Reproduction in this case occurs by dividing the bush.

How to use in landscape design

Primroses are a real find for those involved in landscape design. There are several ways to use them.

• Planting near shrubs and trees.
• Placement among perennials in a flower bed.

In the first case, primroses will grow well, as shrubs and trees will reliably protect them from various adverse weather conditions. In the second it will be possible to achieve continuous flowering. After the primroses fade, they will be replaced by perennials.

If you have chosen primrose, its various varieties look great in a group.

Important! Since flowering primrose can cause an allergic reaction, it is necessary to work with it with gloves.

Primroses, characterized by early flowering, look spectacular in plantings with others. spring plants. Of the neighbors, she will suit:

• viper bow;
• lungwort;
• daffodils;
• forget-me-not.

Jaundice leftkoy is often planted in rabatka or does not take much time. Low varieties plants look great in rockeries and rock gardens. For rustic style presented primrose fit just perfect. Flower beds with jaundice look great near the paths. It is recommended to combine the flower with herbaceous perennials and annuals bright color.

Kashubian buttercup will become great option for flower beds and rabatok. An obscure lungwort is best placed in groups in a mixborder. Shrubs, uvularia, kupena, hostas, ferns and corydalis will become excellent neighbors for her. The plant looks perfect in ridges and borders.

Open lumbago, or sleep-grass, is found in landscape design not so often. It is difficult to care for it, and many gardeners do not risk planting a plant. But if you take a chance, the backache will become a real decoration of the site. Flowering is very beautiful, fluffy fruits also look very touching.