Pansies: planting and caring for a spring flower. Pansy flowers. Description, features, types and care of pansies

Among the early and beautifully flowering cultivated plants pansies occupy one of the first places in floriculture. The variety of their colors and color combinations is simply incredible: from pure white to almost black with all sorts of shades of yellow, blue, red. There is often a spot in the center of the flower original form and colors.

This plant is also called viola and its scientific name is Vitrocca violet. But here in Russia it is affectionately called "pansies", and this name is so common that you can't say otherwise than "Anyuta". There is a legend that after many years of waiting, the faithful girl Anyuta turned into this flower, who once saw off her fiancé to protect her native side, who never returned. And now, as many years ago, there are pansies near the road, with hope "peering" into the distance.

Pansies in ancient times were credited with the ability to bewitch love: it is only necessary to sprinkle the juice of a plant on the eyelids of a sleeping person and wait for him to wake up - he will love forever. The French and Poles give pansies as a keepsake when they part. And in England, a tradition was born: a young man, embarrassed to declare his love, is enough to send this dried flower to his chosen one and write his name.

Pansies are perennials 15 to 30 cm tall, usually grown as biennials. Their spectacular flowers repeat the shape of a violet. The viola bush is compact at the beginning of the growing season, then it becomes sprawling; the main shoot is upright, root system fibrous. In the axils of the leaves, pansies form flower stalks, the ends of which are crowned with single large flowers up to 7 cm in diameter. The special value of pansies lies in early and abundant flowering. In central Russia, violas bloom at the end of April.
Numerous varieties of large-flowered violet are widespread in the culture - a complex hybrid obtained in the course of many years of breeding work. Many modern viola hybrids are heat tolerant and have the ability to bloom throughout the summer.

Pansies are winter-hardy and quite shade-tolerant culture. However, when grown in partial shade, their flowering, although longer, is less plentiful; the flowers are smaller, not so bright. This plant prefers fertile and moist loams. On poor, dry, sandy soils, viola flowers quickly shrink, which is especially evident in large-flowered varieties. Also, pansies should not be planted in lowlands where they stagnate. melt water, as this leads to aging and death of plants.

For good development it is recommended to regularly water pansies in dry times, as well as feed them with complex mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and trace elements. Seedlings of violets are useful to fertilize ammonium nitrate and superphosphate (20-40 g per 1 sq. M). Keep in mind that pansies do not tolerate fresh manure.
The flowering of the viola is prolonged by the timely removal of faded flowers, which retards the development of seed pods - otherwise, when the seeds ripen, the plant stops flowering, and then "Annie" quickly dies off (it stands as a dry, lifeless bush).

Violet is propagated different ways, but the main ones are seed propagation and cuttings. Sowing violet seeds, depending on the scheduled flowering time, is carried out in different time. To obtain abundant flowering from early spring, viola is sown in the summer of the previous year, approximately in late June - early July. To grow compact seedlings, Anyutka seeds are sown in sparse rows in nurseries or on well-cultivated ridges; shoots appear in 6-14 days. 2-3 weeks after germination, pansies dive, and at the end of August they are transplanted to permanent place(where you want to see violets bloom on next year) at a distance of 20-25 cm between plants. Sowing pansies in the summer is done in such a way that the plants have time to develop well before the onset of autumn cold weather, but do not bloom.

To receive flowering plants in one year, viola seeds are sown for seedlings in February. Sowing is carried out in a room or greenhouse, having prepared boxes or pots with loose, moist, fertile soil. Violet seeds are rarely distributed over the surface of the substrate, lightly sprinkled on top thin layer earth and put the container in a dark place. Pansies germinate in 8-15 days at a temperature of 15-20°C and sufficient soil moisture (at temperatures above 25°C and insufficient moisture in the substrate, seedlings do not appear). After the appearance of the first sprouts, immediately reduce the temperature to 10 ° C and put the plants on sunlight, and after 10-20 days the seedlings of the viola dive. Grown pansies, intended for summer flowering, are planted in a permanent place in early May.

The vegetative method of propagation of "Anyutok" is cuttings in the open field. This method is simple, economical and quite effective; it allows you to get a lot planting material. Cuttings of violets begin in May-June: the final green shoots with 2-3 nodes are cut from the bushes. The cuttings are planted in a shaded place close to each other to a depth of no more than 0.5 cm; after planting, the cuttings are watered and sprayed with water. After about 3-4 weeks, the cuttings of violets develop roots. With early cuttings, pansies grown from cuttings bloom in summer or early autumn, and with later summer cuttings - in the spring of next year. Reproduction of violets by cuttings rejuvenates plants, does not allow bushes to grow strongly at the expense of flowering. About 10 cuttings can be obtained from one well-developed plant in one go, and 30-45 pieces over the summer.

Pansies are widely used for flower decoration. They are planted as border plant, planted in balcony boxes, outdoor vases, prefabricated flower beds. Viola is also widely used to frame landings of low, and, if desired, tall trees(even home plants grown on trunks), for framing plantings of tulips, daffodils, daisies, forget-me-nots, muscari and other flowers. Alpine slides also rarely do without "Anyuta". What is the secret of their success? The fact that, with their seeming fragility, charming violets are extremely unpretentious, they easily tolerate transplantation even in a flowering state. They can be planted in the ground in the spring as soon as the snow melts - and then until late autumn, various pansies will delight you with their flowering.

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In floriculture, among all existing early and beautifully flowering plants, pansies are undoubtedly one of the best.

The color of the flowers is the most diverse, from simple white to black with all sorts of shades of yellow, red and blue.

In the middle of the flower, so to speak in the center, quite often you can see a small speck unusual shape and colors.

The most popular species of this plant are, of course, Wittrock Violet and Violet tricolor, their difference lies in color and shape.

Pansies are perennials themselves, ranging in height from 15 to 30 cm, most often these flowers are grown as biennials. In shape, these flowers resemble very much violets.

At the beginning of the growing season, the bushes of plants are quite compact in shape, after which they become more spreading, the root system of these flowers is fibrous, but the main, main shoot is upright.

In between the leaves of pansies, small peduncles give out, they are crowned with single flowers, which can reach 7 cm in diameter. Main value of these flowers is an early and abundant flowering. Pansies begin to bloom at the end of April (this is in central Russia).

Also quite common in this culture is a large number of varieties of large-flowered violets, these are complex hybrids that were bred by breeders during long work. Now there are already such hybrids that have good resistance to heat and are able to continue to bloom throughout the summer.

As already mentioned, one of the main values ​​​​of pansies is early and abundant flowering. These flowers are used as a two-shift, early spring flower decoration of gardens, flower beds, etc. After the spring and bloom spring look these flowers, their places are taken by summer species.

Pansies can be propagated by seeds and green cuttings. Sowing can be done at different times, it all depends on the required timing of flowering. In order to get abundant early spring flowering, seeds should be sown in the summer of the previous year.

In general, pansies are considered flowers with good winter hardiness, but in areas of the northwest it happens that they freeze out or die from overheating. Usually this happens due to excessive dampness of the sowing site or due to the wrong sowing time.

If you sow seeds in the second half of May or early June, young seedlings will begin to bloom in the fall and outgrow. This leads to a difficult wintering, as the seedlings are weakened, they overheat. Plants that did not bloom and did not grow into autumn period, better tolerate wintering and delight the eye with their abundant flowering in the spring of next year.

If the sowing was at a later date, then the seedlings will have a hard time wintering, since they have not yet had time to get strong enough and bloom, this will also affect their future flowering, namely, it will be late.

To get seedlings of pansies, the seeds must be sown in special nurseries or specially prepared and processed beds. Sowing is carried out in sparse rows, and the first shoots will appear 6-14 days after sowing.

The picking of seedlings should be carried out immediately to other beds, more precisely to the places where they will winter. When picking, it is necessary to leave a place between plants of 20x20 cm.

With a pick, the main thing is not to be late until the seedlings have time to stretch out and outgrow. After wintering the next year in spring, young plants quickly begin to grow and bloom. In order to speed up the flowering process, the beds in early spring can be covered with plastic wrap.

During the flowering period, pansies can be transplanted into other flower beds, flower beds, boxes and pots to decorate windows, loggias and balconies. Caring for flowers in places where something is decorated consists in regular weeding and loosening. If necessary, the plants can be watered and pest control carried out.

It is very good to feed the seedlings of this plant with ammonium nitrate and add superphosphate 20-40 g per 1 m2. In no case do not feed pansies with fresh manure - this plant is not tolerated!

If plants are planted in a sunny place, then they have larger and brighter flowers, but pansies growing in partial shade bloom longer, but with smaller and paler flowers. After the spring pansies have faded, they can be dug up and replaced with summer ones.

To obtain seeds from those plants that have been dug up, it is necessary to select the most compact and strong specimens, which must be planted in seed beds where they will need to be watered.

It is important to remember when planting flowers on seeds that pansies are cross-pollinated flowers, for this reason it is necessary to observe the spatial distance between plants of different varieties. This will give you the opportunity to keep pure-bred flower seeds.

To grow them as annuals, it is necessary to start sowing seeds in March in a greenhouse, or at home in boxes. Picking should be carried out in April in a greenhouse, and in May, seedlings can already be planted in the ground. If you sow pansies in the spring, then they bloom in the summer of the same year longer than usual.

However, such annual crops are significantly inferior to those plants that were sown last year in color and size. To obtain autumn bloom, you need to sow seeds in late April - early May and flowering will occur on the 55-70th day.

reproduction

Vegetative propagation method hybrid varieties green cuttings directly into open ground very simple, and also makes it possible to leave a pure variety and in just one summer to get more quantity planting material. Take cuttings should be in 2-3 doses from May to July.

You should choose all-end shoots that are still green and have 2-3 nodes each. Especially for this, you should choose a shaded, slightly damp place, best under the trees, and make low beds there. They need to be compacted tightly and watered well.

Cuttings should be planted to a depth of 0.5 cm, all cuttings should be planted tightly in relation to each other, so that their leaves are in contact.

If the cuttings were made in May or June, their flowering will come in the summer or autumn of the same year, if the cuttings were later, flowering will begin next year in the spring. After the cuttings have taken root, in the fall they can be transplanted to a garden bed or flower garden, where they will grow further.

If the cuttings were in the month of August, it is better to leave the plants for the winter in the same place until next year, covering them with a leaf for the winter. And in the spring of next year, these cuttings can be transplanted into a flower garden.

Diseases and pests

Growing pansies is convenient because there are very few problems with them, even in the fact that pests are swinging. These plants are susceptible to aphids and owls, but are easy to deal with. by special means, which can be purchased at specialty stores.

Possible diseases of this plant can attack only if agricultural practices are violated, for example, black leg, root and stem rot, spotting and powdery mildew.

Due to the fact that pansies are not demanding in growing, they are easy to grow not only in flower beds and beds, but also on balconies and loggias in pots, they are able to serve great decoration bulbous flowers and alpine slides.

And once again, we proper care these wonderful flowers will delight you from spring to late autumn.

Pansies, tricolor violet, Vitrocca violet is the same flower, belonging to a large and multicolored family of violets. They are often referred to as viola, but the plant's scientific name is violet. Admiring the beauty and tenderness of the spring grace of these flowers, you feel the approaching summer warmth. The genus unites four hundred species, numerous varieties that are found everywhere and hundreds of varieties. Most of the wild violets are not of interest for floriculture, as their flowers are nondescript and quickly fade. And species with brightly colored and fragrant flowers, and with long flowering used in culture: Altai violet, fragrant (photo1), graceful, moth, horned (photo2), dog, tricolor. Pansies were known to the ancient Greeks and Romans, who have legends about the origin of this flower. And now they are well known and loved by flower growers. In the Middle Ages, the plant was one of the symbols of the Christian faith, they were called the flower of the Holy Trinity. Three petals were identified with the three faces of saints, and a speck in the center was compared with the all-seeing eye of God the Father. Lovers violet served as a symbol of fidelity. And in English pansies are called Jump up and kiss me which means jump up and kiss me.

Russian, gentle name of the flower " pansies"also hides one of the sad love stories a young girl who did not wait for the return of her beloved. By biological features pansies are a perennial, but grown mainly as a biennial. In the first year it forms leaves, and blooms in the second year. The plant is low 10-20 cm, with tetrahedral erect or ascending stems. The lower leaves are rounded or oval with crenate-toothed edges, the upper ones are oblong. Flowers solitary on long pedicels, located in the axils of the leaves, large, 5-12 cm in diameter, asymmetrical, five-lobed, beautifully colored. The fruit is a trihedral cracking box. Seeds are light and dark brown, shiny, 800 pieces in 1 g. Germination is maintained for 2-4 years. Boxes crack after ripening. It is necessary to collect them when the top of the box turns yellow or white, and the box itself rises up on the peduncle. Picked in this state, they ripen well during drying.

It's hard not to admire the charm of these flowers, so cute and cheerful. They can be either plain or multi-colored with stripes, eyes, spots or bordered. Rest your soul, enjoying the abundance of colors of these violets. Colors - white, yellow, blue, orange, purple, brown-red. Flowering begins in early spring and lasts until autumn.

Modern varieties are hybrids resulting from crossing tricolor, yellow and Altai violets. Among the many varieties of pansies, there are more than 15 varietal groups and series. Which differ in terms and abundance of flowering, winter hardiness, size and shape of flowers. Early varieties include Himalis and Roggli groups - with medium-sized, but numerous flowers. These groups are also called winter, because the plants are frost-resistant. Other early varieties The Vorbote and Erfurt groups have large flowers, but the silhouette of the flower is almost round. The color of the flowers is white, yellow, blue. Especially common late Swiss varieties with large and showy flowers, often with a beautiful eye.

To late varieties belong to the old Trimordo group. Varieties of this group are characterized by abundant flowering. Flowers of medium size. They are red-brown, blue, yellow, two middle and lower petal with dark spots. In England, even a completely black variety has been bred.

On packages of seeds of Western firms, it is indicated to which group this variety belongs. We have all varieties of violets divided into three groups. The first group - winter varieties which bloom very early. Mainly plain flowers, sometimes with eyes of a different color in the center. The diameter of the flowers is from 5 to 7 cm. Varieties: Dr. Faust - flowers are almost black, velvety, Aureapura - yellow, Beaconsfield - light blue, Bargavisht - violet-blue (Photo 3), Albipura - white (Photo 4). Second group- large-flowered plants with flowers up to 10 cm. In their color there are large spots, a border along the edge or stripes on the leaves of other tones: Adonis - blue flowers, Cardinal and Abendglut (photo 5) - red. This group blooms two weeks later than the winter group. Third group– especially large-colored strongly wavy forms the latest varieties gigantic Swiss viols. The Bergwasht group or Swiss giants mainly consists of white-colored and light lilac varieties (photo 6-7). Varieties of orchid viols of pale lilac and yellowish tones have been bred. And because of the strong waviness of the outer edge of the petals of the varieties of the Sailboat group, they are very similar to a cluster of fluttering moths.

AT last years heterotic varieties of gigantic violets appeared on sale: Alpine fire, Bolero purple and yellow, Brunig, Carnival, Laura, Montmartre, Morozko, Orange sun, Romeo and Juliet, Halloween, Chocolate frost. Among the heterozygous varieties of viola ampelnaya (Bengal fire, golden yellow, etc.).

Vitroka violet culture is photophilous, but tolerates slight shading. AT shady place flowering is not interrupted in the hot months and continues until late autumn. It is only necessary to remove faded flower stalks in a timely manner. The plant is winter-hardy, moisture-loving. Prefers fertile loamy soils, with a neutral reaction, well seasoned with phosphorus and potassium. In lower areas, they suffer from wetting. However, plants should not lack water, otherwise the flowers become smaller, growth slows down, flowering stops. During the hot period, flower buds are not formed. When flowering ends or almost ends, it is advisable to cut the stems at a height of 10-12 cm from the ground, water and feed abundantly. Soon new shoots will grow and the plants will bloom again.

Pansies need root dressing complete mineral fertilizer as well as micronutrients. The first dressing is carried out before budding. For 10 liters of water add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of nitrophoska. The second top dressing is carried out during flowering - for 10 liters of water 1 tbsp. a spoonful of fertilizer Agricola-7. Watered under the root. Well propagated by seeds. In addition to sowing seeds of pansies, especially valuable varieties, propagate vegetatively, that is, by green cuttings in the open field. Cuttings are taken from May to July in 2-3 doses. All terminal shoots with 2-3 nodes are suitable. Cut shoots are planted on a bed located in a shaded place and covered with a film. They are planted shallow by 0.5 cm and tightly so that they are in contact with each other. After planting, they are sprayed. After 3-4 weeks, the cuttings develop roots. May cuttings may bloom in summer or early next year. With a later - abundant flowering occurs in the spring of next year. Rooted cuttings are transplanted in September to a permanent place and covered for the winter. You can also use layering. To do this, the plant is shaded, as a result it is stretched. In early autumn, the shoots are bent to the ground and spud with fertile soil. Layers take root and in the spring of the next year you can plant a new plant of the desired variety. From the date of sowing the seeds depends on the first or second year the violet will bloom. When sowing seeds in March, the plants bloom in late summer in the same season. When sowing seeds in August-September, the buds will bloom next spring. To obtain early spring flowering, violet seeds are sown in open ground in June-July. Sowing is carried out sparsely, in rows. Seeds are buried in the soil shallowly, no more than 1 cm. Required: watering, top dressing, weeding and loosening of row spacing. When the seedlings grow up a little, they are thinned out to a distance of 7-10 cm. Or the seedlings dive in 3-4 weeks to the ridges where they should winter. After picking, at first they protect from the sun.

Seedlings are planted in a permanent place in August or early May according to the scheme 15 × 20 cm. With such a planting, by spring, highly developed and abundant flowering bushes. One of the features of violets is the good tolerance of transplants in any phenological state. Pansies reproduce well by self-seeding. With a prolonged warm autumn, late sowing is better, as it survives better in winter period not overgrown plants with 5-6 leaves. With sufficient snow cover, violets do not need shelter. It is undesirable for violet plantings to be flooded with spring floods.
For pests and diseases Vitrocca violet stable.

Pansies are grown as ground cover plants in gardens under bushes and in trunk circles fruit trees, spots on the lawn. The sly faces of the Vitrocca violet spread a good and joyful mood around them. Some varieties look like light-winged butterflies that have sat down for a minute on green grass and are ready to fly away again. Since the choice of colors of pansies is large, you can arrange a flower show by making a flower bed of plain or contrasting colors. Good for contrast, plant blue pansies with yellow cores next to yellow daffodils. Spring flowers, as a rule, they are not afraid of crowding, and such a neighborhood is not harmful to them. Or plant them between tulips, and this option will bring a lot of joy.

Violas look good on rocky hills. Yellow pansies, planted on a rocky hill, look like chicks. And if the stone lying nearby is wrapped with hay (straw), giving the shape of a chicken, you get the composition “A mother hen with chickens”. From a distance, it seems that the fluffy lumps are about ready to run away somewhere, because the flower heads sway under the influence of the wind. Pansies are good in now popular baskets and baskets. You can put pots with plants in the basket. Or line the walls and bottom of the basket with foil, make drainage from sand or pebbles, fill in the soil and plant plants. Violas can be planted anywhere, they will decorate any corner of not only the garden plot, but also the balcony. Our featureless and lifeless balconies are not very conducive to relaxation. A few pots of flowering pansies will enliven the balcony space and create a pole of calm with their curious look. The flowers are long-lasting cut in small bunches.

Among witches and healers, tricolor violet is also popular. Juice was used for love spells. During sleep, the person to be bewitched was sprinkled with pansy juice on the eyelids and waited for him to wake up. Whomever he sees first after sleep, he will love him.
The ground part of pansies contains about 1.5% salicylic acid. Tea from dried stems and flowers (lotions and baths with violet herb) in traditional medicine used against eczema, rashes. Recommend to children with diathesis. Decoctions are also used as a blood purifier. Alcohol tincture is used as a sedative, diuretic, diaphoretic and anti-inflammatory agent. But you do not need to use violet for treatment for those who have kidney problems and jaundice (hepatitis).

The cultivation of flowers with such a poetic name is widespread in our gardens, both in flower beds and in flower pots and containers.

Pansies (another name is viola) in ancient times were attributed magical property- to bewitch love. It was believed that it is only necessary to sprinkle the juice of this plant on the eyelids of a sleeping person, then wait for him to wake up and the one whom he sees first and becomes the subject of his adoration.

The French and Poles usually present these flowers to their loved ones during the upcoming long separation.

They are perennials often grown as biennials or annuals.

Together with other annuals, such as or nasturtium, they perfectly decorate any garden, terrace, balcony.

Perennials or annuals?

Pansies can be grown as annuals or perennials. It all depends on climatic conditions in which the plants are grown and the labor you are willing to invest.
These flowers are quite frost-resistant, but even in central Russia they are not always able to survive cold winter. Particularly vulnerable are plants that were planted late, little bushy and weakened left before winter.

Viola does not tolerate wintering in a snowy winter; spring thaws, followed by night frosts, are especially dangerous for flowers.

In order for the viola not to freeze out, it is necessary to avoid low damp places for planting, close the flowers for the winter with covering material, and in winter hold snow in a flower bed with pansies.

In order for the viola to bloom earlier, in early spring it is better to close the flower bed with a film.
cultivation annual viola more predictable process.

Viola varieties

Numerous varieties of these flowers are hybrids of several types of violets. All varieties are widely used in floriculture to create borders, flowering carpets, flower beds, flower beds, as well as to decorate windows and balconies.

Viola can be compact or spreading bushes.
Violas are distributed throughout the globe. The most common groups among our flower growers are as follows:

• erfurt early,
• himalis winter,
• Swiss grandiflora (Roggli),
• trimardos profusely blooming.

Pansies have an incredible variety of colors and colors, the most popular is viola tricolor - the top of the petals - purple, the middle petals are yellow and the lower petals are light yellow or white.

landing conditions

Pansies are thermophilic plants. They should be grown in sunny areas or slightly shaded places. In partial shade, their flowers become small, the plant itself grows for a long time.

But on sunny place The plant has large, bright flowers. Plants do not tolerate lowlands and damp places, spring stagnant water quite badly. Loamy, fertile, moist, neutral soils are suitable for pansies.

Growing methods

You can grow these flowers from seeds by planting immediately in open ground or grow seedlings from seeds.

In addition, it is possible for pansies to grow by self-sowing in the spring in the place where they were planted last year.

At the same time, the flowers are pollinated, their species differences are lost, the color and size of the flower changes.

These flowers are cross-pollinated plants, when planting you need different varieties plant at a distance from each other to maintain the purity of the variety.

To collect seeds from your flowers in the country, you need to select strong specimens, wait until the seed boxes turn yellow and collect the seeds before the boxes crack and the seeds spill onto the ground.

At the same time, it is possible to prepare seeds of exactly those varieties of flowers and colors that you like. The seeds are very small - in one gram there are almost a thousand pieces.

Growing from seeds in open ground

Planting seeds in open ground is carried out in June - July, and pansies will not bloom this year. The flowers will begin to bloom profusely the next year in early spring.

Seeds are sown in rows in a nursery - a special bed with well-prepared soil. After the emergence of seedlings, they dive, i.e., they are transplanted with pinching the central root by one third for better root formation.

Do in the presence of two true leaves and transplanted to a permanent place within 25 to 25 centimeters. The plant should develop well over the summer, but not bloom.

Growing seedlings

Sowing of seeds is carried out in early March in small containers with a drainage hole. The land for seedlings is shed with potassium permanganate per day. Seeds are laid out, moistened from a sprayer, covered with glass, or boxes with seedlings are placed in plastic bag and put in a warm, dark place.

When the sprouts appear, transfer to the windowsill, make sure not to steam under the film or glass. Then we act in the same way as with sprouts in the open field - we dive and then transplant into separate cups.

At the end of April, you need to harden off - take the seedlings out into the street or balcony. Seedlings are planted in open ground depending on the weather in April - early May, and in a month the viola will delight you with abundant flowering.

Reproduction by cuttings

Pansies, past the seeds, are also propagated by green cuttings.
When the bushes grow for more than two years, they can grow strongly, flowering becomes less abundant.

In order to rejuvenate the plant and propagate it, cuttings are used.

From May to July, the most beautiful specimens are selected in several steps, the buds are removed, young terminal shoots with 2-3 knots are cut off and planted tightly together in the shade in moist soil.

Top with a jar or paper soaked in water. Cuttings grow well if planted under the crown of a tree. In the autumn, after the cuttings grow well, you can transplant them to their permanent place.
Plant care. Plants are mulched for the winter. Standard care: weeding, watering, loosening, top dressing. For long flowering faded flowers are removed.

Bloom

Flowering begins in April and continues until frost.

Because of the love of the sun pansies on sunny side always bigger and bigger bright color but will bloom faster.
Pansies grown as biennial plants, cuttings are recommended.

Plants grown from summer crops in the previous year, or grown from cuttings, bloom more profusely and have larger flower sizes than annual flowers.

Watering. Water under the root, plentifully and regularly.
Fertilizers, top dressing. These flowers love fertilizers containing potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, as well as trace elements. The first top dressing is carried out at the beginning of butanization.
Diseases, pests. The plant is affected by the following diseases and pests: powdery mildew, leaf spot, gall nematode, black leg, aphid.

Growing in areas with a cold climate requires one important procedure - the plants should be dug up for the winter, transferring it to the greenhouse. For other regions, it is quite enough to cover the plants well with sawdust, covering material. Pansies can be combined with other biennials and with perennials, such as reseda.

Good luck gardeners!

Create in your paradise a multi-colored velvet carpet will help the pansies, which are known under the elegant name viola or under the academic name - Vitrokk's violet. The traditional colors of this culture are purple and yellow. Over time, breeders have bred about 200 varieties with stunning shades. So the garden violet became a luxuriantly blooming and beautiful decoration of the garden.

The violet family has many features in planting, care, and cultivation. To enjoy such beauty both in spring and autumn, you need to know some of the nuances. You should also choose the right variety for planting.

Flower characteristic

The shades of the petals are so saturated that even in the photo pansies look incomparable. You can see this charm in early spring, when it gets warmer. Some varieties delight the eye throughout the summer, because they easily tolerate hot weather. Others feel great in the velvet season, as they can even withstand frost. Among other things, varieties were bred that are resistant to low temperatures. All this diversity is classified as follows.

Frost resistance

These plants can bloom even at the end of February. Low temperature in the morning or light frost will not spoil the delicate flowers. Gardeners carefully select their country cottage area winter-hardy specimens. These varieties mainly include:

For all winter-hardy varieties, the compact size of the shrub is characteristic (flower diameter reaches 6 cm). Some varieties of this viola are thrown away abundant blooms. It is they who delight the owners with their charm for a long time.

Flower size and shape

They are of small caliber: 3-5 cm (Snow Maiden, blue boy and little red riding hood). Buds bloom from small sinuses. Pansy flowers are solitary, but in combination they make a chic look. Such giant varieties look especially luxurious:

The pedicel of such titans reaches 10-12 cm in length, and the diameter of the flower is more than 7 cm. They can be monophonic, as well as with exquisite spots or patterns. Among the large-leaved varieties, the most popular are:

The length of the branched stem is 10 cm, and the diameter of the flowers does not exceed 5 cm. The delicate petals of the tricolor violet have both smooth edges, and wavy (jagged).
The corrugated petals of the Flamenco, Chalon Supreme and Rococo varieties have an exotic look, as well as an unusual variegated color (hatched color in the center).

Color spectrum

Vitrokk's violet color palette is striking in its diversity. In the flowerbed unusually look tricolor specimens in dark shades blue, purple and red. Violas, snow-white with a greenish tint, will become a breathtaking property of the garden. At the same time, blue, lilac, yellow and burgundy (with bizarre spots) exhibits will add a touch of romance to suburban area.
Varieties with contrasting stripes, a border and incomparable eyes look special near the house. Such a colorful description of pansies is endless, because it is difficult to consider all 250 varieties at a time.

bush height

Low-growing cultures reach 15 cm in height, and giants - up to 30 cm. In diameter, a viola bush can grow from 6 to 12 cm. Since this plant tolerates shaded areas well, it can be safely grown in a garden between trees.

The flowering period can be artificially extended. To do this, it is necessary to constantly remove fading flowers, preventing them from turning into seed boxes.

flowering period

As already noted, pansies are able to delight with their stunning flowering in the season of the year desired by the owners. So it can:

• March or April;
• summer months (withstand heat and drought);
• autumn period (quietly tolerate snowfalls and lower temperatures).

Therefore, the garden can be transplanted into pots ( plastic crates) and decorate them with balconies, facades of houses, loggias, as well as windows. To do this, periodically loosen the earth and water the plants.

It is important to ensure that the soil is not wet long time because the roots can start to rot.

Landing Secrets

The first step is to choose a variety and a suitable place for it on the site. Many housewives prefer large-caliber varieties. Single-flowered specimens look amazing in a flower bed surrounded by other flowers. However, as experience shows, it is violas with small petals that are the hardiest.
Such crops survive in the rainy season, and with sudden changes in temperature. Therefore, in northern regions it is better to plant small-flowered varieties, because in the southern latitudes the inflorescences become smaller. The same applies to giant varieties if they grow for a long time in a hot and dry climate.

It is better to plant a crop on open area. Access to heat and direct rays should be at least 5-7 hours per day. It is worth watering the flower beds once a week. Maybe twice, depending on the weather.

Landing place

It is important to consider that pansies are perennial and annual plants. This means that they are bred for one year, or two or three. The growth period largely depends on the labor that the gardener is ready to invest in these garden exhibits, and processing technologies. It was noticed that if you feed the earth with fertilizers, at least once a week, the stem grows faster, and the inflorescences become more magnificent.
Favorable conditions for planting and caring for pansies will be the following parameters:

1. Soil type. Dry soil mixed with sand or stones is not suitable for viola. The earth must be fertilized to saturate young roots. nutrients. It must contain enough moisture.
2. Degree of shading. It is important to find the golden mean here. A thick shadow will lead to the degeneration of the plant, and the scorching sun will lead to its destruction.
3. Good care. Takes care of regular watering of sprouts. Around the rhizome (at a distance of 2-3 cm) should be made from leaves or dried grass. Periodically, you need to pluck damaged stems or petals.

When an amateur gardener decided on a place and chose suitable grade, then you can start the sowing process. There are several ways to do this.

Landing time

The first option is to independently grow pansies from seeds. When to plant depends on the period in which the gardener wants to get a luxuriantly flowering crop. These varieties germinate well at a temperature of 16-18°C. So, if you sow the seeds in a container in winter (at the end of January), then after 2-3 months the seedlings can be transplanted into the soil. It is important to correctly calculate the date of the last frost in advance.
You can see what time they were last year, and count 3 months from that date. This will be the date of the dive in open land, only next year.

Those who plan to see this beauty in their garden in the fall should sow during July. Then by September, when the heat subsides, the sprouts will be ready for transplanting into the ground.

Perennial crops can be immediately sown in open ground in the middle of summer. However, the sun can scorch tender sprouts, so they should be covered with greenery, but so that there is no greenhouse. Until the end of August, the seedlings must get stronger in order to successfully survive the winter. To do this, they must be watered every 7 days and fertilize the soil, alternating mineral and organic top dressing. At the end of summer, the sprouts are transplanted to another place. At the same time, it is important not to let them bloom, because this will deplete the plant before wintering.
As a result, in the spring you can take a lovely photo of pansies and enjoy their delicate fragrance.

Landing nuances

Garden violas, although not very fastidious flowers, still require special treatment. When sowing seeds, you must follow a number of simple rules:

• loosen and slightly moisten the soil;
• mix the seeds with sand so as not to sow too thickly;
• it is not recommended to bury the seeds deep in the ground;
• they need to be watered with a watering can with a small strainer so as not to wash away the seed with water;
• store the tray for the first week in a dark place;
• then it is important to place the container in a more lit room;
• periodically a box with seedlings, which are already 25 days old, is taken out to Fresh air(at a temperature of +6 ° C) to harden the sprouts.

When transplanting seedlings into open ground, it is important to adhere to a special system. You need to dive culture in early May. And literally in 3-4 weeks inflorescences will appear. Tuber transplantation is advised to be carried out in the evening, when it is cool and there is no sun. They should be planted at a distance of 25 cm, because they are able to grow. If weather forecasters promise frosts, then the beds should be covered with straw.

Strong winds can damage the plant. Therefore it is important to do protective fence for flower beds with viola.

Care and protection from pests

Pansies will bloom profusely with the right care and favorable conditions. Winter without snow is a detrimental factor for plants. Therefore, the beds are advised to cover with mulch and a special tarp. Among other things, it is important to follow the following:

1. The soil should always be soft and moist. Therefore, the soil must be constantly loosened. Moisten the soil only after it is completely dry.
2. Feed with fertilizer. You cannot do this with fresh manure. It is better to use humus in a proportion of 5 kg per sq. m or compost.
3. The place must be well ventilated.
4. Make a piece hut to protect from direct rays.
5. Shoots with defects should be pinched off immediately.
6. Remove dried leaves.

These simple rules contribute lush bloom violas. Yet the danger for her is pests. These may be such manifestations:

This plant is not really whimsical. Therefore, pests and diseases almost in rare cases interfere with the vegetation, as well as the lush flowering of the crop. As a result, you can always enjoy the beauty of pansies.

How to grow pansies - video