Safety of production of OSB (OSB) boards. Approximate weight of individual OSB Superfinish ECO boards

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OSB (OSB in transliteration) or OSB sheets are in demand in rough repair and construction work. To obtain a non-trivial result, they are occasionally used in finishing, finishing. What is stopping people? First of all, there are rumors that OSB boards are unhealthy. Let's try to figure out how dangerous they are for humans.

Brief description of OSB

Oriented strand board is a building and finishing material, 86-90% consisting of large wood chips up to 25 cm long and no more than 4 mm thick chips. The rest of the total mass is thermosetting synthetic resins, special additives and additives.

Manufacturers offer 4 types of plates for different purposes:

• OSB-1 - thin sheets intended for packaging, furniture blanks, temporary structures, etc.
• OSB-2 - used in rooms with normal humidity(no more than 60%). Applications: internal rough work, including leveling floors, walls, ceilings and primary cladding (utility boxes, roof sheathing in conditions warm attics, SIP panels, etc.).
• OSB-3 - moisture resistant boards, which can be used both outside and inside the premises (in the bathroom, kitchen, bath, laundry, etc.). Can be used as a leveling layer outdoor decoration under plaster, thermal panels, facing clinker boards or bricks, siding and other types of hinged facades
• OSB-4 - hardened high-density boards used to form load-bearing structures.

The basic physical and technical characteristics of OSB are given in the table below:

In the pluses, we also write down the low coefficient of change in geometric dimensions with temperature and humidity changes. Thanks to this characteristic, the material can be mounted with minimal gaps around the perimeter of the room.

Now consider the cons of OSB:

• High percentage of board swelling in direct contact with water. This figure for sheets of some manufacturers reaches 25%;
• Difficulties with laying communications and replacing insulation under mounted OSB sheets;
• Combustible, respectively flammable material. The risk of fire is slightly reduced when treated with flame retardants (Rogneda, Novbytkhim);
• Subject to biodegradation. Mold, fungi, rodents and bugs are a danger to plates;
• High price. OSB from well-known manufacturers(Egger, Glunz) costs 30-60% more than drywall or chipboard in similar dimensions.

The cons of the material are not limited to this list. According to marketing research, potential buyers consider the harm of these plates to human health as the biggest disadvantage. The main criterion here is the concept of "environmental friendliness". Let's consider in more detail.

OSB sheets - harm or benefit?

An environmentally friendly product is a product that, according to research, does not harm environment and users. With regard to OSB, formaldehyde, phenol and methanol fumes can bring the greatest harm to people. Where do they come from?

The thing is that such synthetic resins as phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde and many others are used as a binder.

The advantages of polymer binders allow the production of inexpensive products high strength. But the disadvantages of their use are so significant that they repel potential buyers. This is, first of all, their toxicity both before and after solidification.

Such poisonous combustible gases as formaldehyde, phenol, benzene, methanol and others are emitted. They are allergenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic substances, provoke skin diseases as well as diseases internal organs including reproductive, respiratory and cardiovascular system, eyes.

Although many GOSTs and SNiPs have been canceled or seriously revised towards mitigation, some construction and Decoration Materials still have to undergo a sanitary and hygienic examination. Based on the results, a certificate or conclusion is issued for each batch. The document indicates the methodology for conducting tests, limiting standards (MPC) and the results obtained. They can be used to judge how harmful this or that product is.

In the Russian Federation today it is customary to label OSB and its analogues according to European standard DIN EN120, which defines the emission class of formaldehyde and some other toxic substances:

• E3 - up to 30 mg per 100 g of dry matter;
• E2 - 10-20 mg;
• E1 - up to 10 mg;
• E0 - up to 6.5 mg.

For example, let's give the MPC for formaldehyde in atmospheric air- 0.003 mg / m 3, and in household water - no more than 0.05 mg / l.

In accordance with this classification, OSBs of the E0-E1 class are produced by such giants as Glunz (Germany), Norbord (Canada),Egger(Austria). The harm is minimal, and the advantages are obvious, therefore they are recommended for use inside residential premises with subsequent cladding (including children's rooms, hospitals).

Products marked E2-E3 (Kronospan, Kronopol) can only be used for outdoor work, including under-roofing non-residential attics, load-bearing structures in temporary buildings, etc.

Serious manufacturers, as a rule, are willing to provide their products for additional voluntary checks. Yes, Austrian Egger company periodically receives the Blue Angel certificate, confirming the environmental friendliness of its products.

Unfortunately, a rare Russian plant can boast that its products have been tested for harmfulness and meet the high standards of the DIN EN120 standard. The OSB of many manufacturers does not stand up to scrutiny. Federal government agency health care "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology" some time ago published data from an independent examination OSB boards(manufactured in the Russian Federation): the content of formaldehyde in the ambient air at +20 ° C is 0.067 mg / m 3, that is, 22 times higher than the MPC.

If you are going to buy OSB, you can determine the harm of products:

1. Pay attention to the smell of the sheets. Toxic fumes give a characteristic sharp "flavor" of formalin or cheap plastic.
2. Ask the seller for copies of certificates certified by the blue seal of the supplier or directly from the manufacturer.
3. Inspect the packaging if possible. Large factories mark it and additionally complete it with inserts with basic information.

Do not save on your health - to minimize harm, choose products labeled E0-E1 from trusted manufacturers.

Main tasks in the field of industrial safety:

1. Ensuring the level of industrial safety in units operating hazardous production facilities in which the risk of incidents and accidents is minimal.

2. Ensuring the readiness of departments to localize and eliminate the consequences of accidents and incidents at hazardous production facilities.

3. Reducing the size of economic, social and environmental damage from possible accidents at hazardous production facilities.

4. The priority of preserving the life and health of employees of LLC DOK "Kalevala".

5. Maintaining a dialogue with all interested parties and ensuring openness and availability of indicators of DOK Kalevala LLC in the field of industrial safety, except for the case when these indicators are information of limited access.

Environmental Safety

DOK "Kalevala" manufactures products that comply with the European standard EN-300 and high requirements environmental safety for building materials. All products undergo mandatory control in the laboratory of the plant for all physical and physical-mechanical indicators.

The source of thermal energy necessary for maintaining technological process and ensuring the household needs of production is fuel chips.

The energy center also burns all wood waste(bark, wood waste, sawdust) formed at various stages of the technological process. Waste-free production makes it possible to minimize Negative influence on the environment.

Waste gas treatment equipment installed at the plant German company Scheuch, using a wet electrostatic filter, almost completely separates dust and condensed organic compounds and meets the highest European environmental requirements.

Occupational Safety and Health

Appeared about 30 years ago. Disputes about their environmental friendliness and safety of use in residential and work areas have not subsided so far. They arose because of the content in this building material dangerous substance- formaldehyde.

What is OSB-3 board

OSB is translated into Russian as oriented strand board. It is a sheet consisting of several layers. wood chips. Thin chips are glued together with special resins, to which boric acid is added.

Stove OSB-3 used in construction as load-bearing structures that will be operated during high humidity. Due to the fact that the OSB board is manufactured under high pressure There are no defects or knots on it. Compared to ordinary wood, it is stronger and more elastic.

OSB-3 board has the following properties:

• easily amenable to any processing: cut, grind, bend, drill;
• the plate consists of large chips, which have good holding power and allow you to drive nails into it without chipping;
• OSB board marked "3" is the most resistant to moisture;
• it can be painted, glued, treated with protective paint coatings.

What is the danger of OSB-3 boards

The production of OSB began in 1982 in Canada, they came to Russia in 1986. In the USSR, these plates were banned from being used in construction due to frequent cases of formaldehyde poisoning. This ban has not yet been lifted and continues to operate.

Formaldehyde is always added in the production of synthetic resins and is present in linoleum, many cosmetic preparations, and even in natural fabrics. Initially, phenol-formaldehyde substances were used for the manufacture of boards, which, when certain conditions emitted a hazardous gas.

According to the OSB production technology, the inner and outer layers are glued together different types pitches. For the inner layer, urea-formaldehyde resin is taken and, in very rare cases, phenol-formaldehyde resin. On the outer layer, carbamide resins are used, which are less dangerous to humans. With this technology, the amount of toxic substances released is reduced.

Urea-, melamine- and urea-formaldehyde resins emit methanol and formaldehyde, which will be present in the room in maximum permissible concentrations. Phenol formaldehyde is the most toxic resin and additionally releases phenol.

Norms for the content of formaldehyde

If in Russia the E1 norm means that the level of formaldehyde emission will not exceed 10 mg per 100 grams of dry mixture, then in Europe the requirements are more stringent and the emission should not exceed 8 mg. In an OSB plate marked E2, the formaldehyde content according to European standards will be up to 15 mg, and according to Russian standards up to 30 mg.

Russian standards have low requirements, so when choosing a quality OSB board, it is better to focus on the standards of Canada and the USA. Most major manufacturers have now begun to use polymer resins that do not contain formaldehyde. Such panels are labeled GREEN or ECO.

Why formaldehyde is constantly emitted from OSB-3

The danger of OSB boards is that residual formaldehyde settles on wood particles and is constantly released to the outside. It appears as a result of the fact that during the synthesis of formaldehyde resins, the reaction is not completely completed and remains at the level of unstable equilibrium. When the boards are formed by pressing at temperatures above 1600C, toxic substances are further introduced into the wood pulp of the board. Under standard operating conditions of the plate, the constant release of formaldehyde is also due to the decomposition of methylol groups and methylene ether bonds.

What effect does formaldehyde have on humans?

AT industrial production formaldehyde is obtained by oxidizing methanol and adding catalysts. As a result, it always contains impurities of methyl alcohol, which increase toxicity.
urea-formaldehyde resin.

Formaldehyde has the following effects on humans:

• irritates mucous membranes and respiratory tract;
• causes headaches, depression;
• provokes asthma;
• has mutagenic properties.

In the human body, formaldehyde is completely absorbed, converted into methanol and formic acid, and accumulates in the bone marrow.

In 2004, WHO listed formaldehyde as a direct carcinogen. In European countries that pay great importance human health, these include Germany, Sweden and Finland, was banned OSB application in construction. Finland, being the most a major manufacturer oriented strand boards, does not use them in construction, but only exports them to the USA, Canada and Russia.

How to make OSB-3 more secure

Unreacted formaldehyde from the moment of production is released within six months. After the main part of the toxic substances has evaporated, its concentration in the room is reduced to 50%.

IMPORTANT!

To reduce the concentration harmful substances in the air, it is necessary to maintain a dry indoor climate. With an increase in the humidity level to 70%, the level of formaldehyde emission increases by 40%

At an air temperature exceeding 18 0C, its subsequent increase for every 5 0C doubles the content of toxic substances.

To minimize the impact of harmful substances that emit formaldehyde resins, the following rules must be observed:

• eliminate any water leaks in the room in time to prevent the OSB board from absorbing moisture;
• regularly ventilate the room;
• make sure that the air temperature in the room does not exceed 300C;
• exist houseplants that purify the air of toxins. Dieffenbachia protects from formaldehyde vapors.

Modern research confirms that average temperature air at 200C OSB plate emits formaldehyde in quantities significantly exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations. When using OSB in construction, special care should be taken to select a board that meets the most stringent and environmentally friendly standards. And installation is best entrusted to professionals who will help minimize the harm to your health.