Waterproofing floors in bathrooms typical units. We make waterproofing of the bathroom floor: the necessary materials and instructions. What is waterproofing

Waterproofing the bathroom and toilet is mandatory procedure, contributing to the formation of the necessary protection of the premises from moisture and dampness. As practice shows, it is quite possible to carry out waterproofing of bathrooms on your own, without hiring specialists and without giving them a lot of money for the work done. But in order for everything to be done correctly, you first need to familiarize yourself with the materials that are used as a waterproofing layer. And then you can talk about the process of mounting them on the surface. As practice shows, bathroom waterproofing is not a laborious task.

1 Materials
- 1.1 Coatings
- 1.2 Pasting
- 1.3 Which is better?
2 Preparations
- 2.1 Waterproofing with roll materials
- 2.2 Waterproofing with coating materials

materials

In fact, all currently existing waterproofing materials can be divided into two large groups:

pasting;
Coating.

Which one to give preference to is largely an individual question. To better understand the essence of a particular type of waterproofing, let's talk about them separately.

Coating

As a rule, the basis of the waterproofing coating is oxidized bitumen with the addition of an organic solvent and various types of fillers.

If we talk about fillers, then they can be latex, plasticizers, rubber crumb. All of them improve the plasticity of the material, make it more elastic, reliable and resistant to aggressive environments.

Now the waterproofing of the floor in the bathroom is often performed using bitumen-rubber and bitumen-polymer mastics, which adhere well to surfaces, but their protection will be as effective as possible only if the coating is combined with a fiber reinforcing screed.

The screed is based on concrete, and makes the material strong, reliable, durable, resistant to abrasion.

Often, instead of ready-made waterproofing mastics, cement-polymer compositions are used, which are made from mineral fillers, water and cement. Plus, other ingredients are sometimes added to them. Consistency similar material resembles liquid plasticine. But he has a certain disadvantage. For one square meter the area will require about three kilograms of the composition.

Pasting

Such waterproofing materials are made from reinforced polyester or bitumen fiberglass as a base. Or they are made from modified polymers, atactic polypropylenes. The material is made in the form of a roll.

These rolls, in turn, are divided into:

built-up;
Self-adhesive.

The welded material is applied to the surface using gas burners, while the self-adhesive ones are mounted quickly and easily, without the need for additional equipment.

What's better?

Quite a fair question, which allows each individual buyer to make the most correct decision for his particular case.

On the one hand, roll waterproofing of bathrooms is simpler, easier and faster. But for last years priorities have changed, which is why coating options have come to the fore. There are at least two logical explanations for this.

Roll waterproofing of the bathroom, which consists of bitumen, has a very unpleasant and persistent odor, which will be extremely difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of in the room.
Rolls should be applied on a perfectly flat and perfectly dry surface. And this is very difficult to achieve, it takes a lot of time, additional efforts and finances. Plus, the surface must first be treated with a bitumen-based primer.
It is necessary to glue the material very carefully, avoiding irregularities. Otherwise, all the work will have to be redone.

In favor of rolled waterproofing, we can say that the material is cheap, economical (a little material is required for waterproofing bathrooms), quickly applied to the surface, and also allows you to start using the premises almost immediately.

Preparatory activities

Before proceeding directly to the waterproofing of the bathroom itself, it is necessary to perform certain preparatory work. They consist in preparing the base of the surfaces where it is planned to apply a layer of waterproofing.

First remove all debris, get rid of dust, swipe wet cleaning. If the surfaces are not level, a screed may be required. When the differences are insignificant (about 2 millimeters), a simple primer layer is enough.
If the drops are more serious, use a hypos-sand or cement-sand screed, which is laid in strips 2-3 meters wide using special beacons. It is better to moisten the surface first in order to achieve maximum strength.
Whatever type of foundation you are dealing with, be sure to prime it. As a result, adhesion will increase, which means that the effectiveness of waterproofing will be excellent. Two hours after applying the primer, you can start laying the waterproofing layer.
All joints allow moisture to pass through, and therefore they must be glued with a reinforcing waterproofing tape. This applies to floor and wall joints, wall and ceiling, floor and plumbing fixtures etc. When you are already facing the surface, do not forget to supplement the waterproofing of the joints with silicone sealants.

Waterproofing with roll materials

If you decide to opt for roll materials, then you should learn about some of the features of such work. Special skills are not required from you, therefore, even without the help of specialists, everything can be done by hand.

First, let's talk about self-adhesive options:

cut off necessary element material along the length and width, remove protective film and put it on the floor;
Material applied to the surface should be rolled with a heavy roller. This will provide better grip;
All the following sheets are overlapped, capturing about 5 centimeters of the previous sheet;
When there is a joint with the wall, it is also overlapped, but already 15-20 centimeters on the wall.

If you are using welded rolls, then the sequence of actions is as follows:

Unwind the roll only as you use it;
The adhesion of the base and the material is carried out through the use of a gas burner;
By heating the layer of material, it will be firmly fixed on the surface.

Once the waterproofing is complete, you can begin concrete screed floor, which, in turn, will become the basis for laying the floor material. It is not necessary to wait for the waterproofing rolls to dry, and this useful advantage material.

Waterproofing with coating materials

Coating materials are definitely not inferior to roll materials, plus they have their own advantages. Using them is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. The whole point is to perform three successive stages. Of course, we are talking about the steps that you need to follow after you have carried out the preparatory work described above.

Apply the mixture with a brush, spatula or roller. It depends both on the material itself and on the personal preferences of the master. Some cases when it comes to the need to cover large area, provide for the option of using automatic equipment that serves to apply such materials.
If you use bituminous mastic, and its layer is less than 2 millimeters on your floor, then you will definitely have to then perform a concrete floor screed. The use of cement-polymer mastic makes it possible with its help to achieve the desired level of height, level the surface, thereby eliminating the need for screed equipment.
It is necessary to coat the surfaces as carefully and carefully as possible in order to avoid gaps. Joints are especially carefully smeared.
After that, the drying time is expected (it all depends on the chosen mastic and its layer), and then you can proceed to subsequent work on arranging the bathroom. That is, to mount floor material, install plumbing, bring in furniture, and so on.

The specifics of the operation of the bathroom dictates the need for optimization waterproofing characteristics. In a room designed for hygiene procedures, high humidity. Condensation that settles on surfaces contributes to the destruction of building materials. Steam penetrating through the walls adjacent to the bathroom can ruin the finish. It is also necessary to waterproof the bathroom in order to avoid flooding the neighbors living on the floor below in case of emergency leaks. Summing up the arguments in favor of waterproofing, it is easy to conclude that these measures are much more economical than the cost of restoring someone else's and personal property damaged by steam and water.

For the application of a protective layer against the effects of condensate and water, the industry offers a wide range of products. There are a number of methods, the implementation of which is available only to experienced professionals equipped with special equipment. However, any owner who does not have the skills of a repairman can make an impeccably working waterproofing. It is only necessary to correctly select the material, determine the scope of work, study the execution technology, be patient and have the necessary tools.

We plan to isolate

The preliminary stage of any work that requires the cost of purchasing material should be planning. To do this, you do not need to draw up projects, a diagram with the exact dimensions of the bathroom is enough. A clearly calculated area intended for processing will minimize costs by eliminating the purchase of surplus.

There is no doubt that the plane of the floor in the bathroom must be protected with an appropriate layer. If it is intended to lay the waterproofing material only on the floor, it is desirable that the lower 20 cm of the walls are also protected from moisture penetration by the same layer. Waterproofing in such cases resembles a kind of container that prevents ingress waste water to the overlap area and to the bathrooms of the neighbors living below.

If the owner of the apartment is concerned about the safety of the decoration of the walls adjacent to hygiene room, the planes of the combined structures should also be processed. Waterproofing is also applied to the surface of the walls, near which showers and other things are installed. plumbing equipment.

Bathroom areas that need to be insulated

Range of waterproofing materials

The difference in the methods of applying a layer that prevents the penetration of moisture predetermined the division of the entire range of waterproofing into gluing materials and coating compositions that are now more popular. Pasting or coating technology is chosen, focusing on the preferred time for the owner of the premises to complete the work and the characteristics of the surface intended for processing.

Pros and cons of pasting materials

The most well-known, tried and tested method of waterproofing bathrooms was applying to surfaces roll materials, the main component of which is bitumen. The rolled products supplied to the market today are modified by the introduction of polymer components, reinforced with fiberglass or other synthetic fabric. Among materials with a reinforcing base, there are self-adhesive and built-up varieties. The technology of laying a waterproofing layer deposited on the surface is too complicated for a beginner and impossible without the use of a special burner. Therefore, inexperienced performers who want to save time and facilitate the production of work prefer adhesive options.

Recognized finishers and builders positive qualities rolled waterproofing are considered ease of application of a self-adhesive insulating layer, reduction of technological terms. Waterproofing the bathroom floor with roll materials does not require waiting for the surface to harden, so you can start without delay Finishing work: laying tiles, linoleum, porcelain stoneware. A significant plus is a clear fixation of adhesive modifications. They do not move or deteriorate from the movement of people on the laid surface.

Roll materials with a bituminous base, designed for waterproofing rooms with high level humidity

Negative sides pasting with rolled waterproofing:

need preliminary alignment surfaces, since unevenness exceeding 2 mm is not permissible;
the base intended for processing must be dried;
the presence of a sharp toxic smell of bitumen, which does not “weather out” for a long period.

If, focusing on the speed of execution, the owner of a room with a leveled surface nevertheless chose a pasting method, it is recommended to prefer self-adhesive options waterproofing materials.

Features of coating waterproofing

Unpretentious universal coating compositions do not require careful preparation surfaces before application, since to some extent they themselves perform the function of a leveling layer. For those who don't want to waste time on preliminary training coating waterproofing - optimal choice. This category of materials is more expensive than pasting counterparts, but given the lack of need to buy leveling compounds, it is quite acceptable and even economical.

Coating compositions are presented:

bitumen-polymer mastics with a base of oxidized bitumen and the inclusion of an organic solvent;
bitumen-rubber mastics enriched with synthetic fillers that increase elasticity;
cement-polymer mastics, which are a mixture of cement with mineral additives.

You should be aware that if the waterproofing of the floor in the bathroom was carried out using mastics with a bituminous main component, subsequent pouring of the screed is necessary. Such a scheme will completely prevent the penetration of moisture. But in order to prevent shrinkage cracks from appearing after the screed, it will be necessary to add polypropylene fiber to the composition. This modifying component will also strengthen concrete base.

Waterproofing the bathroom with a coating material

Coating materials are distinguished by excellent adhesion to the treated surface. The presence of plasticizing inclusions improves work with any hard base. Mastic processing priorities concrete structures due to the maximum penetration of the compositions into the concrete structure and the formation of new, stronger crystalline bonds. Created with the help of mastic components, crystalline formations impede water, but allow air to pass through.

Material Quantity Calculation

After the future performer has decided on the scope of work, figured out which planes he will process, and has chosen the material, it will be necessary to calculate required amount coating mastic, rolled waterproofing or both materials in case of their joint use. To calculate the need for material, there is an elementary formula - the area of the treated surface is divided by a kind of coefficient equal to 1.5. The result should be rounded up. For applying impregnation or laying a layer only on the floor, the main parameter that will need to be divided will be the floor area. Do not forget that it is also desirable to isolate 20 cm of walls along the perimeter. By analogy, the need for self-adhesive material for walls or segments of vertical surfaces is calculated.

Bathroom waterproofing technology

Regardless of the choice of material and method of waterproofing, the starting point should be the preparation of the surface for subsequent processing. All planes planned for application of materials must be cleaned of dirt, worn coatings, traces of oil products and grease-containing compounds.

In order for the waterproofing of the bathroom with your own hands to be effective, you need to pay attention to the following nuances:

before fixing the roll layer on the wall or laying it on the floor, alignment should be carried out; before applying the mastic, these measures are not needed;
the concrete surface must be sanded, a weak layer, the so-called “concrete milk”, must be removed, damage and cracks should be patched, and they should be repaired using special compounds;
concrete is moistened before waterproofing, but accumulation of excess water is not allowed on the floor surface.

In order to form the maximum insulating effect, it is recommended to carry out additional insulation of the junction of structural components and joints between elements. To do this, a groove is made in the seams with a depth of not more than 3 cm, which must be filled with a special solution. More affordable way- pasting of butt joints insulating tape.

The areas where the structural elements of the bathroom adjoin are processed with a special adhesive tape

Essential recommendation: before applying any waterproofing material, it should be treated rough surface primer to optimize adhesion. Perfectly working in tandem with an insulating coating material will be a primer composition of a similar class. Those who wish to make bathroom insulation using rolled self-adhesive materials you should prefer compounds that are compatible with the base, you can simply cover the surface with waterproofing paint. Ground before production further work should dry.

Application of coating waterproofing

Among the coating materials on the market there are formulations prepared for application and dry mixes, for the preparation of which you need to carefully study the manufacturer's instructions and follow all the points specified in the instructions. A homogeneous mixture prepared or made independently is applied with a flat brush, a special roller or a construction spatula, evenly distributing the coating material over the surface. If the manufacturer advises multiple applications, each of the subsequent layers is directed "to the cross" of the previous one. Between the application of layers, the interval specified by the manufacturer must be observed, which is required for complete hardening. At least a day should pass after treatment with coating materials, after which it will already be possible to proceed with the lining.

Self-adhesive insulation and other methods

All work consists in cutting and fixing the waterproofing material. The shape of the layer laid on the floor should resemble a trough. The final stage is the treatment of joints with a silicone-based sealant.

cheap the simplest circuit bathroom waterproofing - painting special composition

Owners, puzzled by the question "how to make waterproofing in the bathroom as cheap as possible," repairmen are advised to simply cover the surfaces with waterproofing coloring composition excluding the penetration of vapors and moisture. The cast version is not advised, it is effective, but difficult to perform independently. The backfill layer of insulation will be too powerful and not particularly effective.

Video: how to make waterproofing

Ways to improve the waterproofing performance of the bathroom, available for self-fulfillment, not too much, but enough to choose from. There are tangible differences between them. What is more important for the owner: speed or cost? He will decide on his own, and after familiarizing himself with the specifics of the work, it will be much easier to make a reasonable decision.

The first thing to know and remember is that high-quality waterproofing can only save you from small floods, which are localized only in those places where it is made. If something is global, then alas ... Let's just say that floor waterproofing only minimizes the consequences of emergencies.

Waterproofing is actually some kind of coating of waterproof material. If done correctly, then in the bath and toilet, a structure resembling a small trough should be made so that the water that has fallen on the floor does not pour out into the corridor. But in practice and in my own example, I did not do this, or rather, even cut down the sides of the already existing sanitary slab. But it was my decision, and you decide for yourself what to do.

Regarding this "trough": the floor in the bathroom should be located below the level of the other floors. The fact is that such a difference in floor levels prevents water from flowing into other rooms in the event of a flood. If we are to heat, then heat only the bathrooms (but this is with the proviso that the water will still flow through some kind of overflow to the neighbors below). Imagine what would happen if the water in your absence began to overflow into the corridor, then into the living room or bedroom. This situation can threaten you with large financial costs for the restoration of not only your apartment, but also your neighbor's.

Let's return to the device of our waterproofing. It can be done with two different ways using different structure materials. In one case, it can be made from bituminous or rubberized roll material, and in the other, using the so-called liquid waterproofing. What is the difference besides the material? In durability and properties - if we compare them in this respect, then the first method compares favorably with the second. It is cheaper and lasts longer. Liquid waterproofing of the floor in the bathroom cracks over time and ceases to perform its functions. In contrast, rolled materials hidden under a layer of screed last almost forever.

The first step in the manufacture of the waterproofing layer of the floor in the bathroom is the complete dismantling of the old screed. I didn't have it, so it was easier for me. The floor must be cleaned completely, right down to the floor slabs.

And now in order:
1. Next, the floor must be thoroughly cleaned of dust and dirt and thoroughly coated with a primer several times. This stage is necessary in order to ensure high-quality and reliable adhesion of the waterproofing material to the slabs and walls. It is necessary to prime not only the floor, but also the bottom of the walls. Primer - choose any, but not cheap.

2. If there is no plumbing slab and inter-slab seams are available. Seams and corners can be secured in two ways: using waterproofing tapes on a self-adhesive basis or by means of PSUL (pre-compressed sealing tape).

3. As for the risers, here you can do the following. Either close everything up well, or close it up only to a certain height, so that in case of an accident, the water would still flow to the neighbors and not into the corridor and into the rooms

4. We cover bituminous mastic floor, walls to a height that you determined yourself, and carefully coat all the seams, corners. The latter should be given special attention. You should not feel sorry for the mastic - the quality of the waterproofing of the floor fully depends on this. After application bituminous coating you can not walk on the floor, even after the resin has dried.

5. The next stage of work is laying the roll material. For this work, a gas burner is already needed. It should be noted that the rolled rubberized waterproofing is quite rigid, and in order for it to stick tightly in all corners of the floor, it must be very well warmed up. We cut off a strip of the required length, lay it on the bathroom floor so as to provide a slight overlap on the walls, heat it up with a burner and press it firmly against the floor surface, and then in all corners and against the walls. Then we take the second strip and repeat the procedure, not forgetting to overlap the rolls.

6. And now you can do the screed () as well. But since it will no longer stick to the floor, it is necessary to make reinforced ...

P.S. if you have a sanitary slab in your bathroom (like mine), then no waterproofing is practically needed, just worry about the seams between the slab and the walls.

Subconsciously, we are used to writing off many of the troubles that have arisen as force majeure, despite the fact that in most cases such events arise mainly due to our own oversight. Timely waterproofing of the floor in the bathroom and bathroom is just one of the key measures that can insure your budget in cases of annoying leaks. This is especially true for apartments in high-rise buildings, where the subsequent repair of neighbors' housing from below in the event of a water leak can "result" in a very decent amount.

Floor waterproofing methods

Today's construction market offers an extensive range of high-quality waterproofing materials from domestic and foreign manufacturers. But when choosing, first of all, you need to focus on the purpose and type of waterproofing that suits your requirements, since various modifications differ significantly in cost.

Works related to the waterproofing of the bathroom floor are carried out in two classical ways: coating or gluing. The second option, which means the use of roll-film waterproofing materials, is rarely used today in the repair of apartments, since it has some disadvantages along with a complex technique. Especially this method is not suitable for bathrooms with a raised restrictive threshold (these are still found), since roll waterproofing raises the floor level by approximately 3-5 mm, depending on the type of roll. Therefore, based on the ratio Work efficiency- price - quality, coating waterproofing mastic is most suitable for the floor of the bathroom, bathrooms, which will be discussed in the future.

bathroom waterproofing question

Before moving on to the details of moisture protection, it is worth considering one important question: when to start waterproofing floor in the bathroom, before pouring concrete screed or after? It is curious, but so far, even among venerable professionals, there are no unambiguous opinions on this matter. Some recommend starting work before the screed, counting the best option in the following steps, lay the tiles in the bathroom on a leveled concrete floor that has excellent adhesion (adhesion).

Others categorically deny the outdated, in their opinion, technology, preferring to do everything the other way around, i.e., according to the principle: screed - waterproofing - laying tiles, referring to the fact that in the event of a leak, the protected concrete mass is not saturated with moisture, as in the first option , without releasing dampness later, unpleasant odors and sometimes mold. Everything is true, if not really point of contention about laying tiles directly on the waterproofing through a thin bonding layer of tile adhesive (max: 1 cm), which definitely does not contribute to the durability of the tile coating.

But there is also a third way, which, in our opinion, is the most reliable and correct in all respects in achieving a truly high-quality result.

Preparatory work:

Main stages of work

1. We apply coating waterproofing to the entire prepared area, observing the technique of continuous application, not forgetting to coat the walls as well (from 20 to 50 cm). Usually three coats are applied, using a wide brush during the work and paint roller, with a 24-hour interval to dry each layer. The stages of the process are shown in the photo:

Final waterproofing of corners

2. Next, on the dried waterproofing we apply a layer of a special primer with a filler of coarse quartz sand - Betonokontakt DV Feilal or more expensive equivalent Concrete contact Stenotek KR with strong adhesive properties.

3. In a day, on such a "hybrid" coating, we again set the beacon profile to the desired height (usually 1.5 cm is enough, but no less) and fill it with self-leveling floor Vetonit 5000 pulling the solution along the beacons by the rule.

4. We wait at least 5 days required for the final drying of the finishing self-leveling floor, we pass with a primer Glims, we maintain the prescribed drying period - about 3 hours and lay the tiles on cement-adhesive mixture Fliesenkleber or Lithoflex.

Thus, between tiles and insulating waterproofing on the base screed, we will get a high-strength cement layer of about 3 cm (self-leveling floor + tile adhesive), capable of withstanding significant loads without damaging the tiled lining.

Types of coating waterproofing

As previously mentioned, coating (liquid) waterproofing has a lot of advantages over rolled counterparts. In addition to the application efficiency, the compositions in question have high adhesion, resistance to aggressive environments and high temperatures which is especially important for showers and bathrooms.

Consider the most popular varieties coating waterproofing for the floor in this class:

Cement-polymer - a practical universal mixture, through which waterproofing of the floor, walls and roof is provided. However, due to the emergence of combined protective compounds with the best performance, this species less commonly used today.
Bituminous- quite economical waterproofing, known since the time of the construction of socialism. This modification is divided into cold and hot types, and the first is undesirable to use in contact with an acidic - alkaline environment, i.e. with concrete. Hot bitumen is considered more versatile, since it is a high-strength plastic material that can retain water well. But due to its readiness for work only when heated to 160C, it is better to refuse bitumen in apartment repairs.
Bitumen-polymer - enjoys special sympathy among artisans with great experience. Thanks to its ingredients - latex filler, plasticizers, as well as bitumen-based organic solvents, the mastic has excellent adhesion to concrete along with outstanding strength characteristics. One of the honored brands for wet rooms - Aqua Mast
Acrylic- water-based waterproofing of the latest generation. Unlike bitumen, it is odorless, absolutely environmentally friendly, has increased plasticity and strength. Outstanding Representatives in this line - Feidal Flachendicht and hydro-buffer.

At the end of the publication

Despite the apparent ease of providing floor waterproofing in bathrooms and bathrooms, you should not experiment in this area of \u200b\u200bwork without skills. After all, there are many "underwater reefs" that experienced craftsmen- finishers sometimes feel at the level of intuition. Do not forget - well-made waterproofing can save you from unnecessary expenses.

Both during construction and when repairing a bathroom, preliminary waterproofing of the floor in the bathroom under the tiles is very important, especially if there are rooms below and you want to avoid flooding them in the event of a possible communication failure. Let's look at a number of materials that are commonly used for this purpose.

Why do waterproofing under the cladding

Imagine that during water procedures a certain amount of water splashed out of the bathroom onto the floor and in such a situation ask yourself if waterproofing is needed in the bathroom under the tiles. There are no ceilings that are absolutely impervious to liquid, often there are gaps at the joints between the slabs, minor gaps near the communication pipes passing through the floors. Accordingly, water will easily seep down, and if this happens in an apartment, the decoration of the neighbors' premises can be seriously damaged. Well, in a private house, the damage will be done to you, which is also unpleasant. Waterproofing will prevent similar situation, and at high thresholds, you will have enough time to react until the water rushes into the hallway.

By flooding the premises located on the floor below, water can go through the channels made for electrical wiring and cause a short circuit and, as a result, a fire.

But flooding is not the only problem that can arise from the frequent wetting of floor tiles. Leaking between the seams of the cladding, where the grouting of the tile is not done well enough, the water begins to gradually saturate and then destroy the concrete, regardless of whether it has been treated with soils or not. Therefore, it is advisable to carefully cover concrete surfaces with coating mixtures or special films in order to isolate them from possible moisture ingress. Water can get under the tile even with a good grout, in places where it adjoins communications or along the edge of the cladding along the walls. In this case, dampness will be an ideal environment for the appearance of mold, which is also harmful to building materials and for the health of residents. Waterproofing can solve this problem too.

How to use waterproofing - the main places of processing

It is necessary to protect not only the floor from the penetration of moisture, but also partially the walls. As a rule, the corners of the room where the baseboards are located, that is, along the walls along the perimeter, are considered the most problematic areas. Therefore, when processing with waterproofing, it is recommended to capture vertical surfaces at least 10 centimeters, and preferably 0.3 meters up. However, there are areas that require special attention. In particular, in places where pipes pass through ceilings, whether it be water supply or sewerage. Around communications, waterproofing should be put especially carefully. If it is a mastic coating or pasty plaster mix, then in several layers.

You also need to waterproof the walls of the bathroom, where plumbing will be installed, so that water does not get under the tiles. Often when water procedures it happens that the hand accidentally clamps the tap of the mixer and the jet hits the wall. Just in such situations, moisture flowing down the tile can get under the cladding where it is not made very well. Therefore, it is recommended to cover the entire area with waterproofing, where water can accidentally or inevitably, as, for example, when turning on the shower, get water. This is 50 centimeters to the sides and up from the sink, 0.5 meters to the sides of the bath and from it up to the very ceiling. You should not bypass the water closet, since condensate often accumulates on the tank, and the possibility of leakage should not be ruled out.

Materials that are used as waterproofing

If you are planning to protect the ceiling in the bathroom from all-penetrating moisture, you have a fairly large choice. To date, there are several types of waterproofing materials: coating mastic compositions, pasty plaster polymer cement mixtures and films for pasting roll format. There are also separate penetrating compounds that, after drying, close microcracks and voids between grains in concrete, providing a sufficient degree of moisture resistance. As a separate material, one can also mention sprayed waterproofing made on the basis of liquid rubber.

Among other things, special aquapanels are used as an additional insulating coating, which cover the floor and, partially, the walls. Any of the listed materials is already applied or glued on top, which provides multi-layer waterproofing in combination with primers for concrete surfaces. Coating compositions are made on the basis of mastics, including bitumen, and latex is used as the main component, in combination with it or separately from it, very fine rubber crumb is added. A number of roll materials also have a bitumen base. Cement compositions necessarily supplemented with plasticizers, often polymeric. let's consider existing options more.

Mastic compositions - varieties, features of use

Compositions for coating surfaces can be applied with a roller or brush, that is, their consistency is quite liquid. These are the so-called mastic waterproofing mixtures, which are produced on the basis of bituminous resins or polymers. There are formulations with latex as a plasticizer. It is quite easy to process floors and walls with them, they have excellent adhesion and often there is no need even to specially prime the surfaces, it is enough to clean them of dust and dirt. Some mixtures can only be used with an organic solvent.

A special mesh with a hydrobarrier strip is laid on top of the coating in the corners, and it is better to choose options specifically for the corners, after which another layer of the mastic composition is applied. This provides the most reliable waterproofing.

The main requirement for such coatings is that they cover the floor and walls with moderate humidity and at a temperature of 20 degrees or higher. This is a definite disadvantage, since it is necessary to create certain conditions for work. Cold makes these mixtures hard and brittle, especially if the freezing process occurs at low temperatures. Another drawback is the very long drying of the applied waterproofing, especially since the layer must be thick enough. The advantages of such compositions include quite low price, which allows them to be used in large volumes of work. In addition, they are easy to find on sale, and the choice is very extensive.

Polymer cement compositions - use cases, advantages and disadvantages

The simplest solution is to make a concrete screed by adding building mix, but this option still does not solve the problem with joints near the walls, where you need to leave some gap when pouring. Therefore, special paste-like compositions based on cement with the addition of polymers or other plasticizers are much more effective. This is a dry waterproofing for the bathroom in paper bags, which must be diluted with water, after which a thick paste is obtained. Its advantage is that cement provides strength after drying, and polymers, penetrating into any cracks and microcracks, create a film to isolate the floor from water.

Like mastic compounds, cement mixtures are available and very inexpensive. This is their main advantage. In addition, another plus is the ease of processing with mixtures of surfaces, for this a conventional spatula is used. The polymer cement composition is diluted to the consistency of thick sour cream, after which it is applied in portions to the floor and walls, and smoothed. Areas where pipes pass in the ceiling are more convenient to brush, rubbing the mixture into the cracks. The composition begins to solidify after 5 minutes, but to complete the polymerization process, at least a day must pass before further finishing can begin. Such a long drying time is a significant disadvantage.

Roll waterproofing - a small analysis of existing options

Perhaps the fastest way to deal with the processing of the floor and walls in the bathroom is with the help of special films or other materials sold in rolls. Among them there are those that are applied by heating, or self-adhesive. The second type is more convenient, it is enough to remove the special protective covering to open the adhesive layer. The most affordable option is bitumen-impregnated weld materials, such as roofing felt and roofing material, which need to be heated with an open flame, for example, gasoline or gas burner, while the mass back side won't get sticky enough. The main disadvantage of this type is a pungent smell that does not disappear from the room for a long time. Also, the fragility should be attributed to the minuses. The main advantage is low cost.

Self-adhesive materials are somewhat more convenient because they do not require special efforts. As already mentioned, the protection breaks down and everything can be gently applied to the surface. However, difficulties arise when pasting those places where communications pass. It is not recommended to cut the membranes, and if pressed as is, wrinkles may form. Alternatively, you can combine films with mastic compositions, this will allow you to isolate well difficult places. It is enough to warm up the bituminous ones to make neat joints, so it is difficult to judge which bathroom waterproofing for tiles is more convenient and which is better to use. But self-adhesive roll materials have an undoubted advantage - they are very durable, and in relation to quality, the price does not look too high.

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