Heating layout of a 2-storey private house. How to make a heating system in a two-story house. Boiler placement and boiler room equipment

Comfortable living in a private two-story house depends entirely on the complex of communications, among which one of the main places is occupied by the heating network. Is not it? It is she who is responsible for maintaining the optimal temperature regime and the safety of the building itself. Agree, the temperature in the room is one of the main components that provide a comfortable stay.

It depends on the choice of a heat source and its correct connection whether you can maintain the temperature necessary for living. Here we will help you understand how the heating system of a two-story house functions, and which wiring schemes are recognized as the most effective.

Here you will find information about the types of coolants, methods and features of their connection. For clarity, the material is accompanied by connection diagrams, as well as videos that will help expand knowledge about the heating systems of private houses.

It is quite difficult to independently select the equipment necessary for assembling a heating system. To do this, you need to have special engineering knowledge, be able to navigate in detailed calculations and installation nuances.

If you have the appropriate education or you already have experience in distributing heating in a two-story house, you can choose the option heating scheme independently, applying useful information and proven skills.

Choice of thermal energy source

The heart of the heating network is the heat generator, which heats the coolant to the optimum temperature and, if allowed, technical capabilities, maintains the specified parameters around the clock.

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Among modern heat sources in private two-story houses, almost everything is used, sometimes 2-3 types are combined.

Possible types of heat generators:

• heating boilers;
• infrared emitters;
• stoves (Russian, Dutch, Canadian);
• fireplaces;
• solar collectors, heat pump installations and other types of alternative equipment.

Heating boilers are actively used, which can be classified by type of fuel:

• liquid or solid fuel;
• gas;
• electrical.

The second and third options are more economical, and if gas or electricity is connected to the house, then they should be preferred.

Wall-mounted gas boiler with a power of 28 kW with two independent circuits, a closed combustion chamber and convenient electronic ignition - a great option for a 2- or 3-storey house

If the cottage is built on a non-gasified site, it becomes the main one, and a fireplace or infrared heating is used as a backup source.

The sequence of operation of the electric boiler: the coolant is heated to the temperature set by the user, moves through the pipeline to the radiators located on two floors, is partially cooled and under the action circulation pump again sent to the boiler (+)

The use of alternative heat generators largely depends on climatic conditions region, besides, the minimum set of relatively expensive equipment (for example, solar collectors) will pay off in at least 3 years.

The diagram shows the advantage of an infrared heating system: infrared radiation provides a comfortable temperature in the lower part of the room, with a convective heating method, on the contrary, warm air always rises to the ceiling

What is the best coolant?

The heat generated gas boiler or another heat generator, by itself cannot spread to all rooms. For this purpose, it is necessary - a substance that freely moves through the pipes and has the necessary technical characteristics.

There are technologies for using heated air, which are especially relevant in houses with a fireplace or. But, unfortunately, to ensure effective functioning, it has insufficient parameters of heat capacity, density and heat transfer.

The layout of the air heating system in a two-story residential building. The arrows indicate the movement of cold and warm air, which is provided by ventilation and air conditioning systems (+)

Unlike gaseous liquid substances have an excellent ability to absorb heat, give it away and maintain the set temperature for some time. In this sense, the ideal "conductor" is ordinary water. When heated, it fills pipes and radiators, gradually giving off heat to residential premises, and circulation ensures the constancy of the process.

For houses with permanent residence systems with water as a heat carrier are optimal. In order for the heating equipment to go without repair for a longer time, and the pipeline not to be covered with plaque, the water is driven through filters and enriched with special additives and inhibitors.

HotPoint 65 antifreeze antifreeze is used in heating and air conditioning systems, designed for 10 heating seasons or 5 years of continuous operation

If the house is a temporary shelter or serves as a resting place on weekends, it is better to use antifreeze instead of water. This is a liquid solution chemical composition, one of the components of which is propylene glycol or ethylene glycol.

Chemicals prevent the coolant from freezing even during the freezing of the building and constantly maintain the functionality of the network in operating mode.

Convector and radiator heating of premises

When drawing up a heating project for a two-story or three-story house, both radiators and convectors can be used as heating devices.

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Convectors have a more open design, consist of copper tubes and heat exchangers. The air enters the heat exchangers, heats up, rises, making room for a new portion of not yet heated air. The device is protected from cooling by a volume casing.

In the heating schemes of two-story houses, both radiators and heaters of the convector variety are used; the choice of devices is large due to the variety of designs, sizes and shapes.

Bimetal radiators Global Style Extra sectional type are made of steel (internal structure) and aluminum (external frame), operating pressure– 35 atm

Brief description of household radiators

All types of home heating radiators can be classified according to the material from which they are made. Modern models heating appliances are made from the following metals:

Cast iron radiator for residential heating, made in retro style. The metal surface is covered with heat-resistant paint and painted with floral ornaments.

Previously, sectional cast iron radiators were common, and they can now be found on sale. Cast iron is valued for its wear resistance and undemanding to the characteristics of the coolant, but a lot of weight is considered a minus. Weight should be taken into account if the project involves mounting the radiator on a light wall.

Sectional, that is, prefabricated, models are also made of aluminum. They are distinguished by their light weight and aesthetic appearance, but do not come into contact with copper parts and react negatively to certain types of coolants.

Royal Termo Revolution aluminum heating radiators are ideal for private systems. special form sections for maximum heat transfer. The cost of 1 section is 500 rubles.

Steel radiators are panel, made from pieces of sheet steel, and sectional, consisting of several modules. The first option is considered more reliable due to the simple double-sided threaded connection. Steel perfectly tolerates any heat carriers, it is lighter in weight than cast iron, but heavier than aluminum.

Any type of radiators is suitable for a two-story house; when choosing, you need to focus on the type of coolant, system installation features and interior design.

Efficiency of forced circulation schemes

The predominant part of modern heating systems can fully function only when created, that is, one in which the coolant moves inside the network due to the operation of the circulation pump.

Scheme of the heating system with a gas boiler in a 2-storey house: equipment and metering devices are installed on the ground floor (in the basement, in the basement), in a specially equipped room with good sound insulation (+)

For device forced circulation in a building with several floors, there are some prerequisites:

• installation of a pipeline of smaller diameter, which facilitates the assembly of the wiring as a whole;
• providing zonal adjustment (along with or instead of general);
• the presence of the 2nd and higher floors does not affect the heating efficiency;
• coolant temperature decrease without changes in heat transfer parameters;
• the possibility of using inexpensive plastic pipes.

The disadvantages include the presence of power supply - interruptions are possible, but they can be easily avoided by using redundant UPSs. The problem of louder noise is also solved by laying a layer of soundproofing in the boiler room.

Scheme of water heating with forced circulation: 1 - gas or electric boiler; 2 - riser; 3 - pipe to the expansion tank; 4 - riser for draining; 5 - upper horizontal wiring; 6 - expansion tank; 7 – circulation pump; 8 - return line

The most suitable tie-in point for the circulation pump is where the temperature drops to a minimum, that is, directly in front of the boiler, on the return line.

Natural circulation as an alternative

Now autonomous heating networks with gravitational circulation, that is, acting according to natural physical laws, can be found extremely rarely.

The principle of operation is explained by the difference in the density of cold and heated water and the presence of an additional control device - an expansion tank, which is installed at the top of the hot water riser.

Scheme of the heating system in a two-story house with natural circulation: an accelerating vertical riser crosses both floors and ends in the attic, at the expansion tank, and the lower circuit is located in the basement or on the first floor (+)

Feature is the sloping position horizontal pipes(reverse and distributing) and the location of the boiler - it is set at the lowest possible level. The coolant is supplied through the expansion riser, the cooled water (or antifreeze) is discharged through the return riser.

The advantages of the gravity circuit are independence from the electrical supply, ease of installation, and the absence of noise emitted by the circulation pump.

Features of a single-pipe heating system

The choice of one- or two-pipe heating does not depend on the number of storeys of the house - both types are suitable, but for buildings with 2 or more floors, the installation of a circulation pump is mandatory.

Heating with a liquid coolant (water or antifreeze) is considered the most effective, while for small one-story houses, for example, summer cottages, other options can be considered.

Principle of operation and distinguishing features

Heating radiators, according to the one-pipe scheme, are connected in series, that is, the coolant first enters one device closest to the boiler, from it through the pipeline to another, etc. The looped circuit, which is a network, is also suitable for a 2-story house, as it is conveniently located along the perimeter walls.

The simplest single-pipe heating scheme for a 2-storey building: from the supply riser, the coolant enters the heating radiators connected in series

The presence of shut-off valves can improve the use of the system. For example, it is designed to remove air "traffic jams" that often occur during downtime, that is, in the summer. In addition to it, various models of balancing valves, ball valves, and special regulators are used.

The forced circulation method in a single-pipe design in the event of a temporary lack of electricity can be replaced by a natural one, but this requires the installation of a membrane tank and the location of horizontal pipes at an inclination of up to 5º.

Assessment of disadvantages and advantages

The main advantage of single-pipe networks is considered to be easier project preparation and the installation itself. A minimum of pipes allows you not to focus on the complex layout of the premises, but simply lay the pipeline strictly along the perimeters of both floors. Savings on the purchase of a smaller number of elements for a single line - pipes, taps - are also appreciated.

One pipe takes up much less space than two, so it can be disguised as flooring, imperceptibly lay in doorways, that is, to carry out installation without violating the interior.

One of the main disadvantages of a single-pipe system, relevant for a house with 2 floors, is the rapid cooling of the coolant during sequential movement through radiators (+)

The disadvantages include the need to purchase a more powerful one, as a result of which the electricity fee increases. It is more difficult to regulate the temperature level in a series-connected design: when the heating intensity decreases in the nearest radiator, the temperature in the entire line will automatically decrease.

Common connection options

If you decide to equip a one-pipe system, you will have to choose between two types:

• without regulation;
• with the ability to turn off individual radiators.

According to the method of management, the first option is clearly inferior to the second, its only plus is the budget cost.

Installation of a simple one-pipe system of a horizontal or vertical type is simple and reliable, however, temperature control in the network is not possible (+)

The installation of the "Leningradka" will cost a little more, since in addition to pipes it is necessary to purchase a set of stopcocks. With the help of bypasses and valves, it is possible to reduce / increase the amount of coolant supplied to the radiator.

Scheme of the Leningradka device: with the help of shutoff valves, you can temporarily turn off individual unnecessary radiators without changing the functional qualities of the entire system as a whole (+)

"Leningradka" is recognized by professional heat engineers the best option single-pipe system for a 2-storey residential building.

Complete set and installation of equipment

Standard equipment for system assembly:

• circulation pump;
• gas or electric boiler (power depends on the size of the house, the characteristics of the coolant, etc.);
• expansion tank;
• pipes 20 mm and 25 mm;
• adapters, gaskets, plugs;
• set of radiators;
• Mayevsky cranes.

Along with steel pipes, polymer or metal-plastic pipes can be used, the latter being preferred.

In heating circuits with closed expansion tanks, air is bled using automatic vents equipped with shut-off valves and floats, or Mayevsky taps supplying each radiator

First, they find a suitable place for the boiler and mount it, then they assemble the pipeline leading to the radiators. In places of radiator branches, tees are fixed. The pump is embedded on the return line, next to the inlet to the boiler, and connected to the power supply.

The place of installation of an open expansion tank is the highest point of the system, a closed one can be mounted in any convenient location, for example, in a boiler room. Radiators are suspended from the walls with the help of special fasteners, equipped with plugs and taps.

Two-pipe heating system for a 2-storey house

Truly comfortable living conditions can only be achieved during installation. Its design allows you to control the temperature in separate rooms and save energy resources.

How does a two-way scheme work?

Unlike a single-pipe scheme, a two-pipe one consists of a pair of lines with different purposes: one of them supplies the coolant, the second brings it back. The radiators are not connected in series, but in parallel. One circuit, with a heated coolant, departs from the riser to the radiators of both floors, the second is mounted to the boiler outlet and is also bred to both floors.

Radiators are equipped with thermostatic valves that allow you to set a comfortable temperature. If desired, you can reduce the intensity of heating partially or completely block the flow of water into the device.

Some of the devices are fundamentally cut into the return line, for example, they are traditionally mounted in front of the boiler membrane tank pressure regulating pump, circulation pump and safety valve

In modern 2-storey houses, two-pipe structures are used, since they are much more efficient than single-pipe ones:

• reduce pressure losses;
• do not require a powerful pump;
• keep the coolant temperature the same for each radiator;
• allow the use of many different thermal devices within one system (for example, radiators, convectors and "warm floor");
• make it possible to repair and replace parts without compromising the overall functionality.

The main disadvantage is the complexity of self-installation - during assembly, consultation and control of professionals are required.

Successful solutions for a two-pipe system

There are many incarnations of various schemes, but when drawing up a project, one should start from individual requirements.

The simplest scheme for arranging a heating system in a 2-story house. It is characterized by the following items: 2 circuits for heating and DHW production, heat transfer fluid, forced circulation (+)

A number of universal schemes are suitable for providing heat to houses of various sizes and heights.

Detailed two-pipe wiring diagram for one-story house with fully equipped ground floor. The problem of thermal insulation of the floor in the basement was solved by connecting the water system "warm floor"

If you install additional equipment, such as a membrane tank, the capabilities of the heating system will expand.

A and B - two options for the wiring device, upper and lower type. Additional equipment: expansion tank, Mayevsky cranes, overhead line (+)

The following diagram summarizes the three most commonly used wiring diagrams.

Level 1 - dead-end wiring with parallel installation of both circuits; Level 2 - counter wiring, characterized by two-way radiator connection; 3 - collector wiring with improved balancing

Thus, two-pipe liquid heating systems equipped with a gas or electric boiler and a circulation pump can be considered the most effective. Combined systems are more efficient, the selection of heat sources depends on the number of storeys and the design of the house.

In any case, in order to make individual scheme We recommend consulting with heating engineers and designers.

There are questions, there is an opportunity to give valuable advice or found errors in the text? Your opinion is important to us. Please leave posts in the block below, share your opinion and post photos on the topic of the article.

AT modern conditions, when the increased level of consumer culture dictates its own conditions, heating systems (hereinafter referred to as CO) of a private house are designed not only to heat residential premises, but also to create a comfortable microclimate for living in them.

Scheme of the heating system of a two-story house

The figure shows, as an example, the heating scheme of a two-story house with gas double-circuit boiler providing hot water to radiators, heated towel rails, underfloor heating and an indirect heating boiler.

For a 2-storey building, a heating system with a water coolant is a complex hydro- and heat engineering complex, which includes:

• equipment for heating water coolant;
• pumping equipment to ensure forced circulation of the coolant;
• pipelines of the natural or forced circulation circuit;
• shut-off and control valves and fittings;
• heating appliances;
• autonomous hot water supply system, including indirect heating boilers with a set of accompanying equipment;
• automation system for controlling the boiler and other elements of the CO.

CO classification

The heating complex of the "two-story building" is a very difficult project both in terms of planning and in practical implementation. The main reason lies in the need to supply the coolant to the height of the second floor, thereby creating certain loads. Installation of equipment and communications should be carried out with special care and responsibility. For the practical implementation of the requirements of the project with one's own hands, various CO schemes are used, the classification of which is based on a number of distinctive features. In accordance with design differences, heating systems of a 2-storey private house are conditionally divided into several types, among which the main ones are:

• CO with one-pipe and two-pipe distribution of the coolant;

Wiring is usually called the layout of heating radiators and connecting pipelines.

The correct choice of the scheme and method of connecting heating batteries with your own hands largely determines the efficiency of the heating complex, economy, aesthetics and a long period of trouble-free operation.

• With natural and forced circulation of the coolant;
• With top or bottom wiring;
• In the direction of movement of the coolant - with dead-end or passing (main) movement.

To designate the selected wiring diagram for the heating system of a private house, it is customary to indicate one indicator from each of the above type of CO.

For example, a circuit variant can be single-pipe or two-pipe, with natural or forced circulation of the water coolant, with lower or upper wiring, the coolant movement is dead-end or passing.

In addition to the listed four types of heating systems, there are also COs with vertical and horizontal risers. For a private house with one heat user, these two types of wiring are equivalent and have no obvious differences between them.

Consider the features of each of these types of heating systems in relation to two-story private houses.

Single-pipe CO

One-pipe systems are a closed circuit of one pipeline. Figuratively speaking, sectional heating batteries are “strung” on this pipeline looped from the boiler outlet to its inlet. The heat received from the boiler is transferred by the coolant sequentially from the radiator to the radiator, washing them internal surfaces. Accordingly, the liquid temperature in each subsequent radiator is lower than in the previous one.

In any single room of a two-story private house, which is geographically located closer to the heat source boiler according to the project, the temperature of the water coolant will be higher than in remote rooms.

The figure illustrates the principle of a one-pipe concept based on the supply of hot (red line from the boiler) and the removal of cooled (blue line to the boiler) coolant through one pipeline route.

The principle of operation of a single-pipe CO

When using a single-pipe heating installation scheme, there are two ways to connect heaters:

1. The pipelines of the main heating system are connected to the radiator pipes in series along the heating main line according to the “top-down” scheme:

• hot water inlet is in top point heat appliance (red arrow);
• the outlet of the cooling water is through the lower point (blue arrow).

This scheme is the simplest for do-it-yourself installation and the least material-intensive, it does not have additional connections and elements, but it has two huge disadvantages:

• it is not allowed to turn off a separate radiator for replacement or local repair work when the CO circuit is filled;
• it is not possible to adjust the operation of the heating system of the dwelling as a whole and each device separately.

Methods for connecting single-pipe CO heating batteries

1. The pipelines of the main heating system are connected to the radiator pipes in series along the heating main line according to a scheme that practices the lower connection of hot water (red arrow) and the outlet from the lower opposite pipe (blue arrow). In everyday life, this scheme is called "Leningrad", since the widespread introduction of this method of connecting batteries began in Leningrad during the period of large-scale buildings in the post-war years.

At present, the Leningrad one-pipe scheme for circuits with natural or forced circulation has been successfully improved, having achieved from it the ability to:

• complete cut-off of the water coolant supply if local repairs are required in the area of ​​a separate radiator;
• do-it-yourself adjustments to the thermal power of the device in the local heating area.

For this in classical scheme shut-off valves were installed in the single-pipe Leningradka at the inlet and outlet of the battery, redirecting the flow of hot coolant from the boiler bypassing the radiator.

Such a popular Leningradka is successfully used in a two-story and even three-story version. private building. As an example, you can specify the option of bottom connection of radiator sections with closely spaced vertical pipes.

Modern modernized Leningrad schemes with a lower connection of heating equipment

Two-pipe CO

In two-pipe circulation circuits, hot water is supplied from the boiler and the cooled coolant is returned to the boiler through two independent pipelines, called, respectively, supply and return. Unlike a single-pipe Leningrad, heating two-pipe systems are able to supply radiators on both floors of a private two-story building with a coolant of the same temperature, which favorably affects the microclimate of the dwelling.

The figure below shows a diagram of the movement of the water coolant through the heating devices on both floors:

• red line - hot water circuit;
• the blue line is the circuit with cooled water coming out of the radiators.

Scheme of the movement of the coolant in a two-pipe CO of a two-story house

The following factors are considered to be the most weighty arguments in favor of a two-pipe system in front of Leningrad:

• uniform heating of rooms on both floors of a private house;
• the ability to adjust the temperature range in each room in automatic mode, coordinating the work of CO with the heating boiler.

Types of circulation in CO

Unlike multi-apartment residential buildings, in which the centralized supply of hot coolant limits apartment residents in choosing a heating system (almost all residents have Leningrad with forced fluid supply), owners of private two-story buildings have the right to independently determine the type of installation with their own hands CO with a natural type of circulation or forced heat transfer option. Consider distinctive features each of the types of supply in relation to two-story buildings.

Natural

The principle of operation of this system is based on the process of displacing hot water with colder water due to the difference in liquid densities at different heating temperatures.

For this reason, often heating circuits with a natural induction of heat movement are also called gravitational or gravity systems.

Scheme of the gravity flow of the water coolant when heating a two-story building

The following features are typical for the circulation circuit on the gravitational induction of the water coolant:

• low speed of movement of water mass along the heating main;
• the need to use pipes of large diameters (D at least one to one and a half inches);
• strict adherence to the necessary slopes of horizontal sections during installation with your own hands;
• to ensure all the slopes, the boiler often has to be sunk in a special recess.

The gravitational scheme is morally obsolete to some extent. Doesn't apply to her. modern tendencies in the modernization of heating systems of private buildings:

• polymer pipes are not installed in gravity circuits, since there is a possibility of their melting when water boils in the pipeline at high loads on the boiler;
• there is no possibility of adjusting the local section of the heating main or a separate heater;
• the impossibility of turning off a separate radiator without disrupting the operation of the entire CO.

All these shortcomings are covered by one huge plus, thanks to which gravity systems are still mounted. This important factor is the energy independence of heating, that is, the ability to heat a house without electricity in areas with power outages.

Forced

In these systems, the movement of the coolant occurs due to the injection of excess pressure by the circulation pump.

Scheme of the movement of the coolant in the pressurized CO in a two-story building

Compared to gravity circuits, forced circulation in two-story houses has several advantages:

• more high speed fluid movement in pipes;
• small diameters of the flow section of pipes of the heating main;
• the possibility of laying pipes in a convenient way for installation;
• the possibility of implementing any project to automate the control of the microclimate in the home;
• simple adjustment of system parameters.

In two-story buildings of an old building with a previously installed gravity system, it is allowed to install a pump as part of the modernization, which will make it possible to realize the main advantages of pressure systems.

Type of piping

The upper wiring of the heating main sends the hot coolant directly from the boiler to the attic. From there, hot water is distributed to the radiators of both floors. In the case of lower wiring, hot water from the boiler will be directed to the heating risers from below, that is, from the basement. Both types of supply are operable for one-pipe and two-pipe circuits, although top-feed options are more acceptable for two-pipe CO.

Dead-end and passing schemes

The figure below shows the diagrams of both options for heating systems. According to the dead-end scheme, the hot coolant (red line) enters the radiator and leaves it on one side, while inside the radiator the water flow moves to a certain dead-end point, turns around, changes its route to the opposite direction and exits the radiator with a changed motion vector (blue line ).

Schemes of movement of the coolant in heating systems

With a passing wiring diagram, the flow of cooled water (blue line) exits the radiator from the opposite side than it gets there in a hot state (red line).

Video about CO schemes

What schemes of heating systems exist and which one is better to choose for a home can be found in this video.

In step with the improvement of the designs of heating technology, the development of the heating systems themselves is also marching. Not so long ago, Leningrad or the “Tikhelman loop” was considered a progress in the installation of plumbing, now a new trend in the field of heating private buildings has been mastered by domestic builders. This is about collector systems heating, serving the internal heating network of a residential building. House owners strive to automate the maintenance of thermal communications and appliances as much as possible, so heating systems will continue to develop.

In contact with

The autonomous heating system of a private country house is in itself a very difficult project in terms of planning and practical implementation. It is required to take into account a lot of nuances, carry out the necessary thermal calculations, correctly select all the equipment required for the system by type and technical specifications, decide on the schemes for its installation and laying necessary communications, correctly install and carry out commissioning work. All this is done in order to create in residential premises the most optimal microclimate was fully combined with the ease of operation of the heating system, the reliability of its operation and, in without fail- with the greatest possible economy.

Well, if a heating scheme for a 2-storey private house is being developed, then the task becomes even more difficult. Not only is the number of rooms and the length of thermal routes increasing. It is important to achieve the necessary uniform distribution of heat in all rooms, regardless of which floor they are located on and what area they have.

This publication will consider the main elements of the heating system of a private house and provide several schemes that have already been tested in operation. Of course, it is necessary to mention the advantages and disadvantages of each of the options.

What are the heating systems?

First of all, it is necessary to consider and compare two basic schemes– heating systems of open and closed type. What is their main difference?

A coolant circulates through the pipes - a liquid with a high heat capacity, transferring thermal energy from the place of heating - heating boiler, to heat exchange points - radiators, convectors, underfloor heating circuits, etc. . Like any physical body, a liquid has the property of expanding with increasing temperature. But, unlike, for example, gases, it is an incompressible substance, that is, it is tedious to provide a place for the emerging excess volume so that the pressure in the pipes, according to the laws of thermodynamics, does not increase to critical values.

To do this, an expansion tank is provided in any heating system with a liquid coolant. Its design and installation location predetermine the division of heating systems into closed and open ones.

• The principle of the device of an open heating system is shown in the diagram:

1 - heating boiler.

2 - supply pipe (riser).

3 - expansion tank open type.

4 - heating radiators.

5 - "return" pipe

6 - pumping unit.

The expansion tank is an open container of factory or handicraft production. It has an inlet pipe that is connected to the supply riser. It can be supplemented with nozzles to protect against overflow when filling the system, to make up for the lack of coolant (water).

The main condition is that the expansion tank itself must be installed at the highest point of the system. This is necessary, firstly, so that excess coolant simply does not overflow outward according to the rule of communicating vessels, and secondly, it serves as an effective air vent- all gas bubbles formed during the operation of the system rise up and freely escape into the atmosphere.

Under number 6 in the diagram shows the pumping unit. Although very often open-type systems are organized according to the principle of natural circulation of the coolant, installing a pump never hurts. Moreover, if you tie it correctly, with a bypass loop and stopcocks, this will make it possible, as necessary, to switch from natural to forced circulation and vice versa.

By the way, installing an open expansion tank at the top of the supply pipe is not at all a mandatory rule. Here are possible options, the choice of which is made based on the specific features of a particular heating system:

a - the tank is located at the highest point of the main supply pipe extending from the boiler. You could say it's a classic.

b - the expansion tank is connected by a pipe to the "return". Sometimes you have to resort to this arrangement, although it has a significant drawback - the tank does not fully perform the functions air vent, and in order to avoid gas locks, such a device will have to install special taps on risers or directly on heating radiators.

c - the tank is installed on the far supply riser.

d - a rare location of the tank with the pump unit directly after it on the supply pipe.

• Below is a diagram of a closed-type heating system:

The numbering of common elements is retained by analogy with the previous scheme. What are the main differences?

The system has a hermetic expansion tank (7), which has a special design. It is divided by a special elastic membrane into two halves - a water and an air chamber.

This tank works very simply. With the thermal expansion of the coolant, its excess enters the closed tank, increasing the volume of the water chamber due to stretching or deformation of the membrane. Accordingly, the pressure in the opposite air chamber increases. When the temperature drops, air pressure pushes the heat transfer fluid back into the system pipes.

Such an expansion tank can be installed almost anywhere in the heating system. Very often it is located in close proximity to the boiler on the "return" pipe.

Since the system is completely sealed, you should protect yourself from a critical increase in pressure in it in case of emergency. This determines the obligatory nature of another element - safety valve, adjusted to a certain threshold. This device is usually included the so-called "security group"(on the diagram - No. 8). Its standard equipment includes:

"Security Group" assembled

1 – control and measuring a device for visual monitoring of the state of the system: a pressure gauge or a combined device - a pressure gauge-thermometer.

2 - automatic air vent.

3 - safety valve with preset upper pressure threshold or with the possibility of independent regulation of this parameter.

The security group is usually placed in such a way that it is easy to monitor the state of the system. Often it is installed right next to the boiler. In this case, the upper sections of the heating system will require additional air vents on risers or on radiators.

Systems with natural and forced circulation

The principles of natural and forced circulation have already been mentioned in passing, but it is worth considering them more closely.

• The natural movement of the coolant along the heating circuits is explained by the laws of physics - the difference in the density of hot and cooled liquids. To understand the principle, take a look at the diagram:

1 - point of primary heat exchange, boiler, where the cooled coolant receives heat from external energy sources.

2 - heated coolant supply pipe.

3 - point of secondary heat exchange - a heating radiator installed in the room. It must be located above the boiler by an amount h.

4 - pipe "reverse", going from the radiators to the boiler.

The density of a hot liquid (Rgor) is always much less than that of a cooled one (Rohl). The heated coolant, therefore, cannot have any significant effect on a denser substance. Therefore, you can conditionally remove the upper "red" part of the diagram, and consider the processes in the "return" pipe.

It turns out "classic" communicating vessels, one of which is located above the other. Such a hydraulic system always strives for balance - to ensure an equal level in both vessels. Due to the excess of one over the other in the return pipe, D.C. fluid towards the boiler. Such a naturally created pressure at proper planning the wiring is sufficient for the general circulation of the coolant through closed loop heating.

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The greater the excess of radiators above the boiler (h), the more active the natural movement of the liquid, but it should not exceed 3 meters. Very often, in order to achieve the optimal location, the boiler is installed in the basement or basement. If this is not possible, then they try to slightly lower the level of the floor in the boiler room.

To facilitate and stabilize natural circulation, it is also assisted by gravity - all pipes of the circuit are placed with a slope (from 5 to 10 mm per linear meter).

• The forced circulation system provides for the mandatory installation of a special electric pump of the required capacity.

As already mentioned, the system can be combined - a properly connected pump will allow switching from one circulation principle to another. This is especially important in cases where the electricity supply in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bresidence is not stable.

The optimal location for the pump is the "return" pipe before entering the boiler. This, of course, is not a dogma, but in this area it will be less affected by high coolant temperatures and will last longer. Currently, they are increasingly being purchased, which structurally already contain a circulation pump with the required parameters.

Advantages and disadvantages of various systems

First of all, it should be noted that there is no clear division of systems at once according to the two mentioned parameters. Thus, an open system can operate on the principles of both natural and forced circulation, depending on its design features. The same can be said to a certain extent about a closed hermetic system, although already- with certain assumptions.

But if we consider the projects presented on the Internet, we can see that an open system often involves natural circulation or combined, with the possibility of switching. Closed heating circuits most often provide for the installation of forced circulation - this way they work more correctly and are easier to adjust.

So, consider the main advantages and disadvantages of both systems.

First - about virtues open system with natural circulation.

• In an open type system, the expansion tank performs several functions at once.

- Such a scheme does not require the installation of a safety group, since the pressure can never reach critical values.

- Installing an expansion tank at the highest point on the supply pipe ensures the spontaneous release of accumulated gas bubbles. Most often, this is quite enough, and installing additional air vents not required.

• The system is extremely reliable in terms of operation, as it does not contain complex components. In fact, the term of its "life" is determined only by the condition of the pipes and radiators.
• There is no complete dependence on the power supply, no electricity is consumed.
• The absence of electromechanical components is the noiselessness of the heating operation.
• Nothing prevents equipping the system with forced circulation.
• The system has an interesting property of self-regulation - the intensity of the circulation of the coolant depends on the rate of its cooling in the radiators, that is, on the air temperature in the premises. The higher the heat, the lower the flow rate. This often allows you to balance the system without the use of complex adjustment devices.

Now about her shortcomings:

• The rule of installing the expansion tank at the highest point often leads to the need for its location in attic. If the attic is cold, then mandatory reliable thermal insulation of the tank will be required - to prevent serious heat losses and to avoid freezing at low winter temperatures.
• An open tank does not prevent contact of the coolant with the atmosphere. And this, in turn, entails two negative points:

- Firstly, the coolant evaporates, so you need to monitor its level. In addition, this limits the owners in choosing a coolant - the evaporation of antifreeze entails certain material costs. Moreover, the concentration of chemical components may also change, and for some boilers (for example, electrolyte boilers) this is unacceptable.

- Secondly, the liquid is constantly saturated with oxygen from the air. This leads to the activation of corrosion processes (steel and aluminum radiators are especially affected). And the second negative is increased gas formation during the heating process.

Aluminum radiators for open heating systems are of little use

• Such a system causes certain difficulties during installation - it is necessary to maintain the required slope level. In addition, pipes are required different diameter, including a large one, since for each section during natural circulation it is necessary to observe the desired section. This circumstance also complicates the installation and leads to significant material costs, especially when using metal pipes.
• The possibilities of such a system are very limited - if the hydraulic resistance of the pipes is too far from the boiler, the hydraulic resistance of the pipes may be higher than the natural pressure of the liquid created, and circulation will become impossible. By the way, this completely excludes the possibility of using "warm floors" without special additional equipment.
• The system is very inert, especially during a "cold start". A serious starting “impulse” is required, that is, a start to a break at high power in order to ensure the beginning of the circulation of the liquid. For the same reasons - there are certain difficulties in fine balancing the system by floors and rooms.

Now let's take a look at closed system with forced circulation.

Her dignity:

• Given that correct selection circulation pump, the system is not limited by the number of storeys of the building, nor by the size in the plan.
• Forced circulation provides faster and more uniform heating of radiators during start-up. It is much easier to fine-tune.
• Evaporation of the coolant and its saturation with oxygen does not occur. There are no restrictions on the type of liquid or on the type of radiators.
• The tightness of the system prevents air from entering the pipes and radiators. Gas formation in the liquid gradually disappears over time, and is easily eliminated air vents.
• It is possible to use pipes of smaller diameter. When installing them, no slope is required.
• The expansion tank can be installed in any place convenient for the owners in a heated room - the possibility of its freezing is completely excluded.
• The temperature difference at the outlet of the boiler and in the "return" with stable heating operation is significantly less. This circumstance significantly increases the service life of the equipment.
• Such a system is the most flexible in terms of the use of heating devices. It is suitable for "classic" radiators, and for convectors and "thermal curtains", wall-mounted or hidden, and for "warm floor" circuits.

disadvantages few, but they are still there:

• For correct operation, it will be necessary to carry out a preliminary calculation of all components of the system - a boiler, radiators, a circulation pump, an expansion tank, in order to achieve full consistency in their functioning.
• It is impossible to do without setting a "security group".
• Perhaps the most important drawback is the dependence on the stability of the supply of electricity.

Most likely, this will require the purchase and installation of sources uninterruptible power supply(if the design does not provide for the possibility of switching to natural circulation with a non-volatile boiler).

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Wiring diagrams in a two-story house

How to breed heating pipes in a two-story house? There are several schemes, from the simplest to the most complex.

First of all, you need to decide whether the system will be one-pipe or two-pipe.

• An example of a one-pipe system is shown in the diagram:

One-pipe system is the most imperfect

Heating radiators seem to be "strung" on one pipe, which is looped from the outlet to the inlet to the boiler and through which both the supply and removal of the coolant are carried out. The obvious advantages of such a scheme are its simplicity and minimal consumption of materials during installation. Unfortunately, that's where her goodness ends.

It is quite obvious that the temperature of the liquid drops from radiator to radiator. Thus, in rooms located closer to the boiler room, the temperature of the batteries will be significantly higher than in rooms located further away. Of course, this can be compensated to some extent by a different number of heating sections, but this is seen only in small houses. Given that the article is about a two-story building, then such a scheme is unlikely to be the best solution.

Some of the problems are solved during the installation of a single-pipe system - "Leningradka", the diagram of which is shown in the figure below. The input and output of each battery in this case are interconnected by a bypass jumper, and the heat loss as it moves away from the boiler is no longer so significant.

The Leningradka scheme eliminates some of the problems

"Leningradka" lends itself to even greater modernization. So, a control valve can be installed on the bypass. The same valves can be installed on one or even both radiator pipes (shown by arrows). It immediately opens wide opportunities in more fine tuning heating systems for each room separately. Access to each radiator appears - if necessary, it can simply be turned off or removed for replacement, without violating the performance of the entire circuit.

Improved "Leningrad" with shut-off and balancing valves

By the way, with its flexibility, simplicity, low consumption of pipes, Leningradka has gained immense popularity - it can often be found in one-story houses(especially with a pronouncedly large perimeter of the walls), and in high-rise buildings. It is quite suitable for a two-story mansion.

And yet it is not without flaws. The possibility of connecting floor heating circuits, heated towel rails, etc. to it is completely excluded. In addition, mutual location of premises, doors, exits to balconies and etc.. it is not always possible to stretch pipes around the entire perimeter, and the "Leningrad" ultimately should be a closed ring.

• A two-pipe heating system is much more perfect. Although it will require more materials and will be more difficult to install, it is still preferable to dwell on it.

In fact, it attaches supply and return pipes running parallel to each other. The radiators are connected with branch pipes to each of them. An example is shown in the diagram:

The radiators are connected to the supply and return pipes in parallel, and each of them does not affect the operation of the others in any way. Each “point” can be very precisely adjusted individually - for this, jumper bypasses (pos. 1) are used, on which balancing valves (pos. 2) or even three-way adjusting thermostatic valves (pos. 3) can be installed, constantly maintaining a stable temperature heating a particular battery.

The advantages of a two-pipe system are undeniable:

• The total heating temperature at the inlet to all radiators is maintained.
• The total pressure losses from the hydraulic resistance of pipes are significantly reduced. This means that a smaller pump can be installed.
• Any of the radiators can be disabled or even removed for repair or replacement - this will not affect the system as a whole.
• The system is very versatile, and it is quite possible to connect any heat exchange devices to it - radiators, underfloor heating (through special collector cabinets), convectors, fan coil units, etc.

Perhaps the only drawback of the two-pipe system is its material consumption and the complexity of installation. In addition, calculations during its design will also increase.

One of the complex, but very effective options for a two-pipe system is a collector or beam wiring. In this case, from two collectors - supply and return, two individual pipes are stretched to each radiator. This, of course, complicates installation many times over - and incomparably more material will be required, and it is more difficult to hide the collector wiring (usually it is placed under the floor surface). But on the other hand, the adjustment of such a scheme is highly accurate, and can be carried out from one place - from a manifold cabinet equipped with all the necessary adjustment and safety equipment.

By the way, on the scale of a two-story building, it is very often necessary to resort to combining connection schemes, two-pipe and one-pipe, in separate areas, where it is more profitable and easier in terms of installation, and does not affect the overall heating efficiency.

Next important question- floor-by-floor piping.

Two main options are used. The first is a system of vertical risers, each of which provides both floors with heat at the same time. And the second is a scheme with the so-called horizontal risers (or rather, they will be called “sunbeds”), in which each floor has its own wiring.

An example of wiring with risers is shown in the figure:

In this embodiment, risers with a lower wiring are presented. From the horizontal sunbeds of the first floor, the supply pipes are understood upwards, and the “return pipes” return here. In this case, at the upper end of each riser, it would be advisable to place air vent.

There is another option - risers with top feed. In this case, the supply pipe leaving the boiler immediately rises up, already on the second floor or even in the upper technical room, vertical risers are connected to it, penetrating the structure from top to bottom.

The riser scheme is convenient if the floor layout is largely the same, and the radiators are located one above the other. In addition, it is this option that will be optimal when it is decided to still use an open heating system with natural circulation - in this case, the most important task is to minimize the length of horizontal (inclined) sections, and the risers do not seriously resist the flow of coolant from top to bottom.

An example of such a system is shown in the following diagram:

From the boiler (item 1) rises a common supply pipe of large diameter, which enters the large volume expansion tank (item 3), located at the top of the system approximately in the center between the risers. The solution is quite interesting - the expansion tank simultaneously plays the role of a kind of collector, from which the supply pipes to the vertical risers radiate in all directions. Radiators of both floors (pos. 4) are connected to the risers, the fine adjustment of which is carried out by special valves (pos. 5).

As already mentioned, systems with natural circulation are quite demanding on the exact selection of conditional pipe diameters. In the diagram, these are shown with letter designations:

a - dy = 65 mm

b - dy = 50 mm

c - dy = 32 mm

d - dy = 25 mm

e - dy = 20 mm

The disadvantage of a system with risers is considered to be its rather complicated execution - it will be necessary to organize several interfloor transitions through the ceiling. In addition, vertical risers are almost impossible to “remove from the eyes” - this can be important for those owners who have a priority in decorating rooms.

An example of a two-pipe system with individual wiring for each floor is shown in the following diagram:

Here - only two vertical risers located side by side - for filing and for return. This principle looks quite rational from the point of view of installation, it allows you to completely turn off the whole floor in case it is temporarily not used for any reason. In addition, such installation of pipes allows you to almost completely hide them from view, covering them with a floor covering and leaving only the inlet and outlet pipes of the radiators outside.

In fact, each floor can have its own scheme, depending on the layout of the rooms. There are many options for the location of pipes and the connection of radiators for floor wiring. Some of them are shown in the diagram, where a conditional division into three floors is carried out.

• Conditional first floor - a simple two-pipe wiring of a "dead-end" type with an oncoming movement of the coolant was used. The scheme has its own characteristics. The supply and return pipes are mounted parallel to each other until the very end of the branch (there can be several branches - two are shown in the diagram). The diameter of the pipes gradually narrows from radiator to radiator. It is very important to provide balancing valves, otherwise radiators installed closer to the boiler are able to close the coolant flow through themselves, leaving the subsequent heat exchange points unheated.
• On the second floor is shown the so-called loopTichelman» . A very successful scheme in which the flows in the supply and return flow go in the same direction. Provides a diagonal connection of batteries - input from above and output from below - this is considered optimal in terms of heat transfer. Very often, with such a scheme, balancing of radiators is not even required. But there is important condition- pipes must be of the same diameter.
• The third floor is equipped according to the already mentioned collector scheme. From two collectors there is an individual wiring to each radiator with pipes of exactly the same diameter. The system is the most convenient in fine tuning. It is it that should be used if it is planned to install the contours of the "warm floor". It is desirable that the collectors be located as close as possible to the center of the floor - in order to maintain the approximate proportionality of the lengths of all the "beams" extending from them.

There are many other wiring options in a two-story house, and it will not work to consider all of them on the scale of one article. In addition, much depends on the "geometry", architectural features at home, and develop universal recipes' is simply impossible. In such matters, it is better to trust experienced specialists - they will help you choose the right scheme for specific conditions.

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Video: useful information on radiator heating schemes

Basics of calculating the main elements of the heating system

It is not enough to determine the type of heating system and the piping scheme - it is necessary to clearly define the operating parameters in order to properly purchase and install its main necessary elements - a heating boiler, heating radiators, an expansion tank, a circulation pump.

How to calculate the required boiler power?

There are many methods for calculating this indicator. Very often you can find recommendations to proceed from the total area of ​​​​heated premises in the house, and then carry out calculations at the rate of 100 W per 1 m².

Such a recommendation has the right to life, and can give general idea about the required heat output. However, it is rather suitable for very average conditions, and does not take into account a number of important features that directly affect the heat loss of the house. Therefore, it is better not to be lazy, and carry out the calculation more carefully.

The best way to approach the matter is as follows. To begin with, draw a table in which, by floor, list all the rooms where heating devices will be installed. For example, it might look like this:

room	Area, m²	External walls, quantity, included on:	Number, type and size of windows	External doors (to the street or to the balcony)	Calculation result, kW
TOTAL					22.4 kW
1st floor
Kitchen	9	1, South	2, double glazing, 1.1×0.9 m	1	1.31
Hallway	5	1, SW	-	1	0.68
Dining room	18	2, C, B	2, double glazing, 1.4 × 1.0	No	2.4
…	…	...	...	...	...
2nd floor
Children's	...	...	...	...	...
Bedroom 1	...	...	...	...	...
Bedroom 2	...	...	...	...	...
…	…	...	...	...	...

Having a house plan in front of your eyes and having information about the features of your home, walking around it, if necessary, with a tape measure, it will not be difficult at all to collect all the necessary data for calculations.

Then it remains to sit down for the calculations. But we will not bore readers with a long formula and tables of coefficients. In a nutshell - the calculation is carried out on the basis of their already mentioned standard of 100 W / m². But this takes into account many amendments that affect the required power of the heating system to maintain comfortable temperature and compensation for heat losses. All these correction factors are included in the calculator offered to your attention - you just need to enter the requested data and get the result.

Calculator for calculating the required heat output of a heating boiler

The calculation is carried out for each room separately and the result is entered in the table. And then it remains only to find the amount - this will be the minimum heat output that the heating boiler should produce. Naturally, when choosing a model, you can also lay down a “reserve”, about 20%.

Make sure that with the help of a calculator, the calculation will take very little time!

Today, the health and well-being of any person depends largely on factors environment. A special place in this section is occupied by the improvement of residential and public buildings. There is such a thing as the microclimate of the room. It includes air temperature, humidity, wind speed, surface temperature of fences. Microclimatic conditions are determined by the air-thermal regime. The main element that provides it is the heating system. It is difficult to imagine at present any private house or apartment without heating.

Today, there are several types of space heating systems. Heating on liquid and solid fuels, gas, electric and stove heating. Separately, heating based on hot air and steam can be distinguished. The thing is that each type has its own advantages and disadvantages and is suitable for a particular room. The issue of heating large private houses is very relevant. Let us consider in more detail the options for heating a country 2-storey house, the main ideas, the pros and cons of each of the heating systems.

Furnace heating at home

The heating system in a two-story house should provide uniform and complete heating of its entire area. Heating stoves have been very popular for many decades. Furnace heating has a number of advantages.

First, it is simple in the device. Almost every owner of his private house has a stove. Most often it is stone or brick. For such heating of a 2-storey house, you do not need to install sophisticated equipment. To do this, you just need to have a source of heat, that is, fuel. As it is most often used firewood. Secondly, such a system is autonomous, that is, it is practically indispensable for those areas of settlements where it is difficult to install other heating systems, for example, gas or central pipelines.

Such a heating system for a country 2-storey house does not have interruptions in operation, it does not depend on emergency situations at thermal power plants. Firewood can be purchased at any time of the year. In addition, the stove fits perfectly into the interior of any home; these structures, along with fireplaces, are very much appreciated and are part of the interior.

In addition to the positive aspects, this heating system of a country 2-storey house has a number of disadvantages. These include the large dimensions of the furnaces. A big minus is that in this case it is impossible to control the temperature of heating the air in the room. Thus, the distribution of heat will be uneven over the entire area of ​​a country 2-storey house. Those are the 2 main drawbacks. There is one more - low coefficient useful action. The thing is that the heating of the house is very slow and a large amount of heat is wasted.

Arrangement of a furnace for a 2-storey country house

If the stove heating of a country 2-storey house is still the main one, then it will need to be rationally organized. Since heating furnaces are large and heavy, during their construction it is necessary to reduce the load on the floor in order to ensure the safety of the building. The furnace must be erected, starting from the 1st floor. It is recommended to install it internal walls premises. For very massive furnaces (more than 700 kg), it is recommended to first make a foundation 1 m deep.

If other than furnace heating, nothing is provided for heating, then there should be one stove on each floor.

It is advisable to place the stove on the second floor of a country house directly above the heating system of the first floor, so you can reduce the load on the floor. If stove heating is not the main one in the house, then the stove is made only on the first floor, and the second one is heated thanks to a special cap.

When choosing this type of heating, it is important to remember that great importance in heating efficiency will have the area of ​​​​the main premises of the house. With this in mind, the dimensions of the furnaces are selected.

It should be noted that stove heating is unhygienic and dangerous for residents due to possible carbon monoxide poisoning.

Heating system of a 2-storey house with electricity

Heating options for a 2-storey house include the use of electrical energy. Today it is the most common form of energy. Electricity is available in every home. Heating the house in this case is possible in several ways. At the first it is carried out using a special boiler. It is he who will act as the heating element of the system.

The advantages of this method are that the heating will be silent, environmentally friendly, automated. The latter means that the heating temperature can be easily adjusted using the control panel. Unlike stove heating, there is no need to purchase fuel or build chimneys.

The only downside is the high cost of electricity. The cost of electricity is rising every year, which limits the use of such heating. In the second case, infrared installations are used for heating, which can convert electrical energy into thermal. They quickly heat up the air in the room. For each room you will need to install your device, which will be expensive.

Water heating system

The system of water heating at home is currently one of the most popular and common. It is one of the most efficient. The mechanism of its work is very simple. The heated water from the boiler flows through pipes to various rooms in the house. The pipes approach the batteries, heat them up, giving off heat, and the cooled water returns to the boiler. The circulation of water is carried out by a pump.

Scheme of water heating of a private house: 1-boiler on diesel fuel; 2-distribution manifold; 3-pumps for circulation; 4-expansion tank; 5-tank for fuel; 6-boiler; 7-warm floor; 8-comb heating manifold; 9-radiator; 10-chimney.

This is a closed heating system with a characteristic piping. It consists of a boiler, batteries and pipelines. To heat the boiler, you can use coal, kerosene, natural gas, and so on. In addition to all of the above, it is necessary to install an expansion tank, pressure gauge, thermostat, pump, air vent, safety valve.

For greater efficiency of this heating system, it will be necessary to calculate the boiler power depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. Their ratio is as follows: 60-200 sq. meters - up to 25 kW, 200-300 sq. meters - 25 -30 kW, 300-600 sq. meters - 35-60 kW, up to 1200 sq. meters - 60-100 kW.

Selection of pipes for water heating

A water heating system will require the right choice of pipes. Their range is huge. It includes plastic, cast iron, steel, metal-plastic, copper and others. Steel pipes durable, but they are not resistant to corrosion, so over time they can collapse, rust, worsening the properties of drinking water. It is most optimal to purchase pipes from of stainless steel or galvanized. Copper materials have high strength, withstand high temperatures and pressure. They can be built into walls and covered. But they, unlike all the others, are the most expensive. For their implementation in the house will require highly skilled workers.

For heating, metal-plastic pipes are perfect.

All greater application in practice, pipes made of polymeric materials are found. Metal-plastic is especially widely used. It is aluminum, coated on both sides with a layer of plastic. Such pipes are durable, resistant to corrosion, do not require welding. They can be mounted using threaded connections. No sediment is deposited on their surface. But they also have a drawback. The so-called expansion effect. It lies in the fact that with prolonged circulation of hot water through them, and then starting cold water, they can crack and begin to leak. The choice of material for pipes is agreed with the designer. Builders recommend using copper piping, as it is the most durable.

Advantages and disadvantages of water heating

For heating a house with water, it is characteristic that the system can be single-circuit and double-circuit. The first is intended only for space heating, and the second involves the use of water heating for household needs.

There are also 3 options for piping for the house: one-pipe, two-pipe and manifold.

The most promising two-pipe. With a single-pipe version, water gradually approaches all the batteries in the house, heating them and giving off heat, while each subsequent battery will be colder than the previous one. In addition, a one-pipe system is difficult to manage.

If there is a two-pipe version in the house, then it is easier to regulate the heating. With it, 2 pipes are connected to each battery, with cold and hot water. Hot water is supplied, and cold water is removed from the battery. All batteries are at the same temperature.

The collector type (radiant heating) has found a very wide application today. A collector is a device that collects water. Collectors are located on each floor in a special cabinet, from which pipes go to radiators. The disadvantage is the complexity of installation and financial costs for equipment.

Using gas to heat your home

Many people know that Russia is rich in natural gas reserves. Gas is the cheapest type of fuel in our country and one of the most demanded. Most of its users install special devices at home - gas tanks. They serve as storage liquefied gas. The installation of the system itself will be expensive, but you need to remember that in a few years all the costs will pay off due to the low cost of gas. Another option for gas heating is the use gas cylinders. For heating a brick or wooden house, gas is the best solution to all problems. You don't need sophisticated equipment to do this.

So, the advantages of this type of heating are the low cost of raw materials, ease of use. It is well suited for large houses, because it is available with a usable power of 10 kW. It should also be noted the high efficiency and, of course, the ability to control heating. There are few shortcomings. Firstly, it is a fire hazard in case of improper operation, large initial investments, the presence of a main gas pipeline. But, nevertheless, this is a worthy option for a country house.

Air type home heating

The air heating system has two options: gravity and forced air supply. In the first case, the masses move in a natural mode due to the temperature difference. Warm air enters through the air ducts into the upper layers of the room (at the level of the ceiling), thus displacing the colder air down towards the air collector. This ensures circulation air masses. The disadvantage of this method is that when cold air enters from doors and windows, the process of movement of air masses is disrupted, which leads to overheating of the upper part of the room, while the lower part remains poorly heated.

Forced ventilation is different in that it uses an electrically driven fan to promote pressure and movement. The air from the fan blows over the heat exchanger, it heats up to 40-60 degrees and is supplied through air ducts to all rooms of the house. This method is silent. fast and efficient. To do this, you do not need to install boilers, pipelines, radiators and other equipment.

The main element is a heat generator. It is stationary and mobile, that is, mobile. It can work from a simple burner, from which gas or other fuel is supplied. Air ducts can be round and rectangular, rigid and flexible, metal and non-metal. Air ducts made of stainless steel, aluminum or galvanized are well suited for this purpose.

Alternative heating options

Beyond all listed ways heating the house, there are additional ones that are used much less often, but still often find application in home improvement.

These are primarily heat pumps. The mechanism of their work is that they transfer heat from poorly heated surfaces (ground, floor, atmosphere) to the batteries. This is relatively new equipment, which is very expensive. Its price is approximately $10,000. It is very effective and easy to use.

There are various solar collectors that are capable of converting solar energy into thermal. But they only work during daylight hours. Very often they are used as an auxiliary means for space heating.

When organizing the heating of your home, it is important to take into account the size of possible heat losses, they are often large. To reduce them, it is recommended to use various kinds of thermal insulation. The most relevant external thermal insulation of the walls of the house. Seals must be used for doors and windows. It is advisable to pay attention to this even during the construction of the house. It has been proven that 40% of the heat is lost through the outer walls, therefore it is better to build them in multilayer. To preserve heat, the type of pipe connections is also important.

So, the most optimal for heating a private 2-storey house is gas and water systems.

The heating system of a one-story building does not raise any special questions even among inexperienced, little versed people in this industry. Most imagine how it can be equipped, and therefore only clarify some details that are incomprehensible to themselves. But the heating scheme of a 2-storey private house is more difficult not only to implement, but also simply to understand.

If you have a two-story own house or a country cottage, you want to equip the heating system with your own hands, but do not know where to start - our article will help you solve all the problems that arise.

Variety of options

The main feature is that it is necessary to ensure the rise of the coolant to the second floor, that is, to the height specified by the building project. How to solve this issue - we'll talk in this section.

To begin with, let's decide what kind of equipment and components are required:

• boiler;
• pipes and batteries;
• stop valves;
• temperature controllers, other additional measuring devices, control sensors.

The operation of the entire system directly depends on the quality of the components used - so do not skimp on them! Modern, reliable equipment will not only provide you with the microclimate you need, but will also help you avoid emergency situations.

Now let's move on to a variety of schemes used in the arrangement of a heat supply system in two-story buildings.

Proven types of heating schemes

There are several time-tested and many people designs:

• with bottom wiring;
• with top wiring;
• 1-pipe system;
• 2-pipe system;
• depending on the type of circulation used - forced or natural;
• depending on the position of the risers - traditional, vertical or horizontal (very rare)

Most often there is a scheme that provides for the forced movement of the coolant. It is more efficient, allows you to ensure uniform heating of the entire house. But in addition, you will need to install a special pressure pump and an expansion tank. The boiler can be virtually anything - both gas and solid fuel, and so on.

Which scheme is better?

Most often, it is customary to use a two-pipe scheme, which is characterized by:

• universality;
• reliability;
• economy.

For example, when using a single-pipe version, it will not be possible to ensure the adjustment of the heating level of individual batteries, because in this case all radiators used are connected in series and when the coolant supply to one of them is cut off, all subsequent ones will also receive less heat.

In a two-pipe scheme, each battery involves connecting two separate pipes:

• for supplying the coolant;
• to take him away.

This also allows for the installation of a control valve on each battery, which will make it possible to control the temperature in any room of your house, and not be tied to the entire building.

The collector type definitely deserves attention - it is more expensive in its arrangement, and therefore not so popular, but it has its positive qualities. Among them is the hidden location of all pipes, which has a positive effect on the interior. The design features are as follows:

• the boiler is placed on the first floor;
• expansion tank - on the top;
• pipes run under the floor, under the ceiling or under the window sills.

Also, a valve can be installed on each battery to control the temperature level in individual rooms.

From the above description, an intermediate conclusion can be drawn - the best option would be to install either a two-pipe or a collector circuit. The first is cheaper, the second is more expensive, but wins from an aesthetic point of view!

On the video - do-it-yourself installation of a two-pipe heating system

Choosing pipelines

Equipment selection - important point. Which boiler to use is an individual matter, it all depends on your preferences and financial capabilities. If you are not afraid of heating bills, you can leave gas, and if you want to save money, choose solid fuel or the so-called hybrid, which can run on different types of fuel (gas-electricity, solid fuel-electricity, electricity-liquid fuel, etc. ). You will learn more about hybrid boilers in the article.

A hybrid boiler is an order of magnitude more expensive than a mono-fuel boiler, but in the end it is a real opportunity to always be in a warm house and save on one of the fuels.

If the question of choosing a boiler is individual and we cannot give specific advice, then everything is wrong with pipes for wiring. We are ready to help you with this. So, when choosing pipes, it is important to remember that not only the reliability and durability of the system, but also the rate of heating the room depends on their material.

If you want to achieve a high level of heat transfer, copper pipes are recommended, which, by the way, perfectly resist corrosion, can withstand even high pressure;

A budget option that is common today is metal-plastic models, which, however, are also characterized high quality and heat dissipation.

Do not forget about the presence of an expansion tank - this is an obligatory element of the circuit that contributes to the safety of the heating system!

You also need to remember that various deposits are not collected inside the metal-plastic models, “congestion” is not formed. Even after a long period of time, your system will work as efficiently as possible!

All other types of pipes are recognized as inefficient, quickly losing their reliability and are not able to provide high-quality space heating for many years.

What else needs to be remembered?

Be sure to take into account all the little things and details. After all, it is necessary to create not only an efficient, but also a durable heating system that will work for at least 25-50 years without requiring major repairs and replacements. It is better to “invest” once, spend a large amount, but enjoy the warmth in the house for the rest of your life!

Moreover, a properly selected scheme, a responsibly made heating system will allow:

• create an ideal microclimate in the house even in severe frosts;
• qualitatively warm up each separate room;
• control the temperature in each room;
• reduce the cost of purchasing fuel, energy carriers, because their consumption will be less.

And in general, the absence of any problems in the functioning of the heating system will allow you to avoid unnecessary, unplanned costs.

Radiator heating scheme on video

We have given you the main, most popular options for creating heating in a two-story private house. Such methods will be relevant for country cottages. The drawings presented in the article will allow you to better understand the principles of arranging the system - we are sure that our information will be useful to you and will allow you to avoid unnecessary expenses.