12.09.2017 6 678

Cherry diseases and the fight against them - effective treatment and prevention

Many cherry diseases occur regardless of variety and age. The greatest damage to fruitful stone fruit trees is caused by fungal diseases that can cause not only significant damage to the crop, but also lead to the death of cherries.

If you are serious about growing cherries, or if similar trees grow in your garden, whose fruits you like to use, then remember that without care and regular processing, cherries will constantly get sick.

Timely detection of symptoms of damage, carrying out the necessary therapeutic and preventive measures can save the tree and eventually normalize the yield.

What affects the soreness of cherries?

The health of cherry trees is based on the following rules for caring for them:

• correct and timely watering;
• top dressing;
• pruning.

There are factors that reduce the protective ability of trees, which greatly increases the chance of disease.

As we can see, it is incredibly difficult to do without innovative care products. Cherry trees are actually not able to independently suppress all pathogenic factors that can threaten their full growth and development.

coccomycosis

Coccomycosis is a type of fungal disease that affects not only cherry leaves, but also berries, branches and petioles. This ailment has not previously been found in Russia, but was successfully brought here from Scandinavia.

A complete and informative description of the fungus was obtained by breeders quite recently. It was possible to find out that cocommycosis, according to statistics, is most common in all fruit-bearing trees growing in southern latitudes.

All varieties of cherries suffer from a similar problem, except for felt cherries, as well as some hybrid species.

Reasons for the appearance

The causative agent of coccomycosis lives in fallen leaves. The peak of infection activity occurs in the spring, when the air warms up quite strongly (up to 20 degrees).

During this period, spores of coccomycosis awaken and spread throughout the tree, affecting its bark and actively multiplying. The fungus is extremely fond of moisture, so the disease begins to spread most often from the lower branches of trees.

It should be noted that coccomycosis spores can affect other healthy trees. Due to gusts of wind, the infection is well tolerated and fixed on the bark of another plant.

signs

Active signs of the disease begin to appear in the summer. They include the following symptoms:

1. Brown and red spots of a round shape begin to appear on the leaf plates of the cherry.
2. The spots of lesions begin to grow rapidly, gradually changing their color to darker shades.
3. Foci with a pinkish-pale coating appear on the leaves - this is how spores of coccomycosis look like.
4. By the beginning of summer, the leaves on the cherry begin to fall off rapidly.

Thus, the “summer” cherry leaf fall caused by coccomycosis leads to the fact that the tree meets the first cold weather unprepared. Consequently, protective properties fall and the tree begins to die.

Treatment

The fungus coccomycosis overwinters in the fallen leaves of cherries. Thus, it is necessary to start the fight with the fact that the leaves need to be burned, the fallen branches destroyed, and the soil around the tree carefully dug up.

For the treatment of coccomycosis, 3 simple sprays are used:

1. The first spraying is carried out in the spring at the moment when the cherry buds are just beginning to bloom. To do this, take 1% Bordeaux liquid 40 grams and 10 liters of water.
2. The second spraying is done after the fall of the inflorescences. For processing, it is necessary to take copper oxychloride 0.4% 40 grams and dilute in 10 liters of water.
3. The third spraying is carried out after harvest. The procedure is also carried out by using copper oxychloride.

Moniliosis

This disease is referred to as monilial burn. The fungus infects the branches and leaves of the cherry tree in such a way that they look as if they were burnt. The disease spreads, thanks to the wind, moving from a diseased tree to a healthy one.

The infection loves cool weather and perfectly retains its pathogenic abilities even in severe frosts. So, moniliosis, as it progresses, affects flowers, leaves, branches and cherry bark.

Reasons for the appearance

The appearance of the fungus occurs spontaneously. So, your cherry trees can "burn out" due to the disease of trees growing in neighboring areas.

signs

The manifestation of the fungus moniliosis is difficult to confuse with anything else. The disease looks like this:

1. There is a wilting of buds, young branches.
2. The tree looks burnt.
3. The bark of the cherry begins to become covered with growths of gray.
4. Dense growths begin to appear on the fruits.
5. Cracks form on large branches.
6. Cherry berries dry out and fall off.

Treatment

Treatment in the form of sprays in the case of moniliosis is not enough. Since the fungus tolerates winter well, transferring low temperatures, then it is extremely important to get rid of it completely.

To do this, you need to remove all the affected parts of the tree, carefully removing all the branches with an additional grip of 10 centimeters. All affected fruits and branches must be burned.

In the spring, just before bud break, the trees and the soil around them should be sprayed with 3% ferrous sulfate 300 grams per 10 liters of water. Prevention of the disease consists in the fight against pests and reappearance fungus.

Also, it is extremely important to carefully harvest, avoiding breakage of branches. Only such methods of treatment and timely prevention can save the tree.

Scab

Scab is a specific type of fungus that is not at all destructive to trees, but at the same time completely destroys the crop. The complete absence of preventive measures when growing fruit trees can lead to infection.

Reasons for the appearance

Scab fungus lives in the fallen leaves of trees. It tolerates winter well and begins to act actively with the onset of warming. The infection most often affects those trees that are not properly cared for.

signs

Scab can affect not only cherry trees. It affects apple trees, pears and even grapes. the disease looks like this:

1. Small spots of bright yellow color appear on cherry leaves.
2. Over time, the lesions begin to spread over the leaf and darken.
3. Cracks appear on the fruits of the cherry.
4. Green berries stop developing, shrivel and fall off the branches.

Treatment

When cherries are damaged by scab, its fruits become unsuitable for food. To get rid of fungi, the following series of measures should be carried out.

The fight against them begins as follows:

• destroy all fallen leaves;
• dig up the soil;
• pruning extra branches and forming a crown.

AT without fail cherries must be treated with any chemical preparation. Copper oxychloride is optimal for treatment. It is necessary to take 80 grams per 10 liters of water. After harvesting, the trees should be sprayed with 1% Bordeaux liquid. It will be enough to take 30 grams of funds for a bucket of water.

Anthracnose

This disease of the cherry tree is also a fungal disease. It affects not the tree itself, but its fruits and often goes unnoticed until the harvest.

It was then that gardeners pay attention to the fact that most of the berries died. Usually, in order to detect anthracnose in a timely manner, gardeners have to carefully examine each berry, which is quite difficult and time-consuming.

Reasons for the appearance

Anthracnose is caused by a fungus. The fungus is activated in dry weather and leads to drying of the fruit. In wet and windy weather, the fungus scatters over long distances and can affect the fruits of nearby cherry trees. In such situations, gardeners can lose up to 80% of the entire crop.

signs

Signs that cherries have suffered from anthracnose are as follows:

1. Small white dots begin to appear on the fruits.
2. Over time, pale pink bulges appear on the berries.
3. The fruits become mummified, turn black and fall off the tree.

Treatment

It is better to start treating a tree when the first signs of an illness are detected. This requires spraying the tree with a contact fungicide Poliram. Usually, 3 treatments are carried out. The first and second - before and after flowering, the third - 15 days after the last. The expense is quite small. So, for processing cherries you will need 0.15-0.25 mg. drug per 1 sq.m.

perforated spotting

This ailment of cherry trees is also referred to as clasterosporiasis. It is a rather complex fungal infection, as it can affect all tree structures at once.

Reasons for the appearance

The cause of perforated spotting is a fungus. Its spread is facilitated by a moderately warm period of summer weather, with temperature ranges from +19 to +26 ° С, as well as high humidity air.

The main source of distribution of the fungus is wood. There, this pathogenic microorganism can hibernate and wait for warm weather to search for a new habitat. Perforated spotting with insects, wind and rain spreads.

signs

The symptoms of this cherry tree disease are severe:

1. Buds, flowers, leaves, fruits, ovaries, shoots are affected.
2. The main signs of the disease appear on the leaves of the tree.
3. Colored red, brown, raspberry, purple round spots appear on the leaves.
4. Holes with a border are formed on the leaves.
5. Ulceration appears on the fruits.
6. The affected parts of the berries shrivel to the bone.

Treatment

Measures to treat the tree are quite radical. It is required to cut and burn all affected areas. Cherries are sprayed with a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture. For processing, 100 ml will be required. liquids per 10 liters of water. All signs of vegetation are destroyed around the trunk, and the soil is dug up.

Gum treatment

Gum disease or gommosis is a problem that is often ignored. The disease almost never appears on its own and, developing, it pushes the gardener to the fact that its cause lies in another, more serious disease of the tree.

Reasons for the appearance

This problem appears due to damage to the bark of a tree, sunburn, severe frosts or fungal diseases. But these reasons are secondary and almost never cause a strong gum disease.

most common cause gommosis is another disease, often of a fungal nature. It is also worth noting such causes of gummosis as damage to the integrity of the trunk or branches of a tree, as well as improper pruning and overloading of branches with fruits.

signs

This disease manifests itself as follows:

• The appearance on the trunk or branches of clots of light, transparent resin.
• The constant flow of tree sap and the formation of new sticky resin buds.
• Gradual drying of individual branches or the entire tree.

Treatment

Best of all, with gommosis, timely prevention and treatment of wounds with a 1% solution of copper sulphate helps. To prepare the correct solution, you need to take 100 grams of the substance and mix it with 10 liters of water. Also, for the purpose of prevention, spring whitewashing of the tree trunk is carried out. Branches with severe damage are cut down and burned.

What measures should be taken so that the trees do not get sick?

There are no cherry varieties that are completely disease resistant. disadvantages of care climatic conditions and many other things can weaken the plant. That is why preventive measures are very important and you need to take care of them in advance.

To avoid mechanical damage, you need:

• timely remove old, rotten and overgrown branches;
• wounds need to be treated with garden pitch;
• carry out whitewashing of the trunk.

To avoid a deficiency of moisture and trace elements, it is required to carry out autumn top dressing:

• manure;
• superphosphate solution with water;
• solution of potassium chloride with water.

For comprehensive protection trees require fungicide treatment. This requires spraying:

1. In the spring - a solution of water and soap.
2. In summer - solution iron sulphate.
3. After harvesting - Bordeaux liquid 1%.

To minimize the risk of developing a variety of tree ailments, you need to follow the following rules:

1. Plant residues must be promptly and completely removed.
2. Remove weeds and dig up the site every year.
3. A dense crown needs to be thinned out.
4. Between plants must be the correct distance.

Complete prevention of cherry diseases guarantees the preservation of not only the harvest, but also the tree itself. Careful attention to your own garden can prevent the epidemic of fungal diseases in time.

Despite the popular belief that fungicides are dangerous chemicals, every gardener knows that you can't do without them. The reason for this is a fairly wide variety of aggressive fungal diseases of trees, as well as other pests, with which even the most stable and healthy tree unable to cope on their own.

If you think that with the planting of cherry seedlings your mission is over, you are deeply mistaken. To achieve good harvest, you need to provide the trees with proper care. Also, take care of their health. To your attention the most dangerous diseases of cherries, methods of their treatment. Photos will help us figure it out.

General factors disease-causing cherries:

weather;

correctness, peculiarity of care;

soil condition;

tree injury;

implementation or lack of preventive measures;

the presence of other fruit trees in the garden;

destruction (or not) of pests;

other unpredictable factors.

Conditions of occurrence, causes

perforated spotting

Clasterosproiasis is a common disease of stone fruit trees caused by a fungus. Increased air humidity during hot or warm weather contribute to its emergence. For wintering, spores of the fungus choose the affected areas of the cherry. They infect healthy tissue. The pathogen is carried by rain, wind, insects.

signs

Notice the first symptoms of the disease in early spring. The leaves are covered with dotted spots. Their red color gradually reaches brown. The spots have a crimson blurry border. This distinguishes perforated spot from other fungal diseases of cherries.

The diameter of the spots soon becomes up to 5 mm. In their place, holes appear due to drying (hence the name of the disease). Soon the perforated leaves fall off. In addition to leaves, flowers, cuttings, buds, fruits are affected. Young infected shoots are distinguished by a bright red edging that increases in length. They secrete a liquid (gum). If the sprouts are severely affected, then they soon dry out, then fall off. Sick flowers darken, then crumble. The buds turn black, releasing gum, dry out, but remain on the tree. These signs are clearly conveyed by the picture.

Fighting methods

Cut off diseased branches. Disinfect the cut site with a thick solution: 1% blue vitriol plus 3% iron sulfate. Then smear with garden putty;

Fallen leaves, flowers, cut shoots should be burned immediately. This is a place to dig;

Spray the tree twice with 3% Bordeaux liquid for a large lesion.

coccomycosis

Causes

The disease came from Scandinavia (the middle of the last century). Has received widespread distribution. The fungal pathogen persists in cherry leaves, living there during the winter. Weakened plants are most susceptible to coccomycosis.

Signs and treatment

Treatment of coccomycosis is the same as that of perforated spotting. Recently, breeders have bred varieties that are less susceptible to coccomycosis. They need less processing.

Moniliosis (gray rot)

signs

This cherry disease is also known as monilial burn or gray rot. It is relatively “young” for our regions. Appeared only in the 90s of the last century.

The fungal pathogen lives in diseased parts of the tree. Here he will overwinter well, if preventive maintenance is not done in a timely manner.

Almost all cherries are affected: foliage, trunk, shoots, fruits. Therefore, moniliosis is considered the most formidable disease. Affected areas look like burned. Leaves are infected first. Then the bark of the plant is covered with gray growths. They are located randomly. Where such "burns" appeared, the site begins to rot.

Affected shoots crack, releasing gum. After which they die. The berries are deformed, almost all crumble.

Fighting methods

Fallen diseased parts of the tree should be burned immediately;

Cut branches - 10 centimeters below the affected area. Disinfect, treat with garden putty;

Clean the bark of the trunk to a healthy tissue;

Spray cherries with one of the preparations: 3% copper sulfate, Bordeaux liquid, nitrafen, iron sulfate, oleocuprite.

Anthracnose

The disease affects mainly cherry fruits. The onset of the disease can be missed. Since the fruits are immediately covered with barely noticeable light spots. Later they become small bumps with a pink coating. In hot weather, the cherries dry out. Wet weather can aggravate the course of the disease, destroying 80% of the fruit.

For the treatment of anthracnose, the chemical preparation "Polyram" is used. They spray the plant three times: before flowering, after, and two weeks later again. This measure is sufficient for recovery.

Gum treatment

Definition, reasons

All of the above fungal diseases of cherries cause gum to leak from the affected parts. It is a transparent liquid. Flowing out, the gum hardens. This process is called gumming. Possible reasons: abundant watering soil, excessive feeding.

Fighting methods

It is necessary to fight with gum disease. Since the liquid contains pathogenic spores, they will be spread by rain and wind to healthy plants. Treatment consists in preventing, that is, preventing such a condition. First of all, it is necessary proper care, destruction of pests, timely detection of diseases, their treatment.

Rust

Causes, signs

Cherry leaves are covered with reddish spots. Their yellow border resembles rust. Hence the name. The upper side of the leaf shows signs more clearly than the lower side.

Treatment

Remove coniferous plantations growing nearby;

Collect all diseased leaves, dispose of;

After flowering, spray the cherry with the Hom chemical preparation (it contains copper oxychloride). Dilute a bucket of water with 80 grams of powder;

When the cherries are harvested, spray with 1% Bordeaux liquid.

Scab

Causes, signs

scab - pretty dangerous disease cherries caused by a pathogenic fungus or bacteria. Infection occurs during the flowering period. Spread is facilitated by wet weather.

Spores of the pathogen appear on the foliage as brown-olive velvety spots. Cherry fruits may be affected. Mature - covered with cracks, green - shrivel, stop developing. In the presented photos, you can clearly see all the signs of cherry diseases.

Fighting methods

Scab treatment measures are reduced to prevention.

In early spring, spray cherries and soil with nitrafen;

When the buds begin to bloom, treat the trees with Bordeaux liquid (10 liters - 100 grams);

Three weeks later, when flowering ends, repeat the previous procedure;

Spray a third time after the fruit has been fully harvested;

With a strong infection, a fourth spraying can be done two weeks from the third.

Prevention of cherry diseases

First of all, proper care of fruit trees minimizes the risk of infection;

Timely collect, burn fallen, diseased parts of the tree;

Pruning of affected branches is best done in the fall in dry weather, before the leaves fall. Rain can spread disease-causing spores;

Mid-spring - cut off all weak, dried shoots, branches that thicken the crown. This procedure will give the tree additional nutrients necessary for growth;

Make sure that the near-stem circle is cleaned when fertilizing;

Protect cherries from injury. If there are any, then delete the branches that can no longer be saved. Clean the rest of the wounds, grease with garden putty;

Avoid sunburn of foliage, frostbite (whitewash the trunks with lime in time);

Remove gum promptly. Treatment with vitriol will prevent gum disease;

Spray the plant in the spring with 1% Bordeaux liquid, before the buds open. The second time to do the processing after flowering. The third is in two weeks. Also effective autumn spraying when the leaves fall. Conduct annually;

Treat trees carefully chemicals otherwise it may cause burns. This is especially true for the Bordeaux liquid. To prevent this, it is necessary to make a "control" spraying of one branch. The burn will appear as a necrotic stain. In the fruit, the leaf is like a mesh. Then you need to temporarily stop processing.

Consequences of cherry disease

These diseases harm not only cherries, but the entire garden plot. The yield of fruit trees is decreasing. Leaves fall prematurely. The appearance of the fruit spoils. Plant growth is inhibited. Their immunity is reduced.

It should be remembered:

After the spread of infections fruit trees careful, proper care is needed. Then a rich harvest can be expected;

After processing, thoroughly rinse the berries under running water;

Specialty shops will provide you big choice finished preparations for the treatment of plants;

It should be remembered about the high toxicity of copper sulfate. Use it carefully. If necessary, you can change to another drug. Less toxic, for example "Fundazol". It is especially effective in flowering;

It's good when the tree is preserved as much as possible more leaves. Then it will better endure the winter;

A healthy cherry orchard is a guarantee of a rich harvest of beautiful and tasty cherries. Experienced gardeners carry out preventive measures that provide cherry trees with favorable vegetative conditions in order to prevent cherry diseases and maintain the health of the garden. After all, prevention is always better than cure, and this rule works for trees too!

This article will focus on both preventive measures to protect cherries from the most common diseases, and operational methods for treating trees in your garden. You should know that competent measures to combat cherry diseases, carried out in a timely manner, will restore health and yield to your cherry orchard.

Let's list what diseases gardeners face most often, what are the signs of these cherry diseases, how to deal with them, and what is the prevention.

Common cherry diseases and their impact on crop loss

Stigmina fruit - klyasterosporiosis (Clasterosporium carpophilum / Stigmina carpophila)

This is a common disease of most stone fruit trees, caused by the fungus Clasterosporium carpophilum. The climatic provocation for its outbreak is due to warm or hot weather during high humidity air. Spores of the fungus Stigmina fruit (Stigmina carpophila) are spread by airborne droplets, and so are carried by various insects.

Symptoms of infection with clasterosporiosis (fruit stigmina) are already noticeable in early spring. Spotted red spots appear on the leaves, which eventually turn brown. These spots, which reach a diameter of up to 5 millimeters fairly quickly, are surrounded by a blurry raspberry border, which distinguishes this type of fungus from other infections. As a result of the development of this fungal infection and local drying of the leaf, holes appear in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthese spots, after which the leaf itself dies.

In addition to leaves, cuttings, buds, flowers, fruits and whole young shoots are affected, with red borders increasing in length. Gum disease is observed. Severely affected sprouts quickly die and fall off. The darkened flowers fall off, the buds turn black and secrete gum, but, dying, remain on the branches. According to such clear signs, even a novice gardener can make a correct diagnosis for perforated spotting.

Prevention and treatment of clasterosporiosis / stigmine fruit:

• cut off diseased branches and shoots with the capture of a healthy area. Treat the cut points with a saturated solution of 1% copper sulphate in combination with a 3% solution of iron sulphate; after drying, coat the cut with garden pitch or natural drying oil;
• after the elimination of the affected parts of the tree, all the remains of the tree are immediately burned, the place of the fire is dug up;
• the affected tree with a large lesion should be sprayed twice with a 3% aqueous solution of Bordeaux liquid.

Cherry coccomycosis

It is believed that the fungus that caused this disease arrived from Scandinavia around the middle of the 19th century and managed to spread widely, thanks to its natural survival ability, which allows it to endure even severe and prolonged frosts on its fallen and unharvested foliage. Weakened trees often suffer from coccomycosis.

Therapeutic and preventive measures against coccomycosis are identical to the treatment of perforated spotting. When choosing cherry seedlings, give preference to varieties of modern breeding that can significantly resist coccomycosis. Such trees will need fewer treatments for fungal infections.

Infection begins with the leaves, later the bark of the tree is covered with chaotically arranged gray growths. At their location, wood decay begins. Covered with a fungus, the branches crack and become covered with gum and die. The formed cherry fruits are deformed and almost all crumble. The moniliosis mycelium overwinters on the branches affected by it, and if you do not resort to preventive measures, will successfully live up to the heat and continue its pernicious work.

The fungal pathogen lives in diseased parts of the tree. Here he will overwinter well, if preventive maintenance is not done in a timely manner.

Measures to combat moniliosis and its prevention:

• cut the affected branches and shoots 10 centimeters below the infection boundary, and disinfect and cover the cut points with garden pitch or natural drying oil;
• collect and burn all fallen parts of a diseased tree;
• clean the bark on the affected areas of the tree trunk to healthy wood;
• treat with an aqueous solution by spraying the whole tree to choose from: Bordeaux liquid, iron sulfate, copper sulfate, nitrofen, oleocuprite.

Gum cherry tree

Gum is a transparent, sticky liquid that tends to solidify in the form of a resinous mass. It arises from the places of defeat by fungal diseases. The cause of gum disease can be excessive watering of the soil and excessive feeding of cherry trees.

It is necessary to fight with gum disease. Since the liquid contains pathogenic spores, they will spread to healthy plants by rain and wind. The treatment of gum disease of cherries is to prevent such a condition of the tree, no matter how trite it may sound. First of all, proper care is needed, the destruction of pests, the timely detection of diseases and their treatment.

Cherry tree rust

The spores of the fungus Thekopsora padi, which causes cherry rust, are based in the cones of bushes and trees of spruce species (spruce, juniper), from where they disperse with air currents and are carried by rain through fruit trees.

As a result of infection with rust, reddish spots form on the leaves of cherry trees, bordered by a yellow outline similar to rust. On the surface of the sheet, these signs appear more clearly than on its reverse side.

Cherry rust treatment and prevention measures:

• for the purpose of prevention, remove coniferous plantations in contact with cherries;
• falling leaves are carefully collected and burned;
• spraying with an aqueous solution of the Hom fungicide containing copper oxychloride, at the rate of: 80 grams of the drug per bucket of water - immediately after flowering gives a good therapeutic effect against rust;
• spraying after harvesting cherry fruits with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid will consolidate the positive effect of cherry rust control.

Cherry necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV)

Signs of manifestation of necrotic ring spot of cherry depend on the strain of the virus and the susceptibility of the cherry tree variety. In spring, rings or spots of chlorotic color form on cherry leaves, this is the main sign of damage to the garden. Some strains of the PNRSV virus can cause very serious losses in the cherry crop.

Necrotic ringspot virus can cause stunting of trees in the garden, leading to the death of buds and shoots on cherries. Similar viral infections greatly weaken the growth of cherry trees, while at the same time reducing resistance to other diseases.

Prevention of necrotizing ring spot virus

• Use only healthy seedlings.
• Uprooting and destruction of affected cherry trees.
• Spatial isolation between trees.

Especially severe damage from the PNRSV virus can be observed from May to June - during the growing season of cherries. Treatment for necrotizing ringspot virus involves cutting and destroying infected shoots, and sometimes uprooting entire trees. Treatment with chemicals against this virus is not used.

This disease of cherries, which is caused by a pathogenic fungus or bacteria, takes a heavy toll on the health and yield of cherries. Prolonged wet weather favors the spread of this infection, and the onset of infection coincides with the flowering period of the tree.

Such cherry disease as scab is manifested by brown-olive velvety spots on the surface of the leaves. Cherry berries also suffer: green ones wrinkle and do not develop, and ripe ones crack, becoming unfit for consumption.

Measures for the prevention and treatment of scab

• spraying the entire cherry tree and near-stem soil with nitrafen;
• on the blossoming buds, treat the trees with Bordeaux liquid at the rate of: 100 grams of the drug per 10 liters of water;
• repeat the previous treatment after 3 weeks after flowering;
• after harvesting the berries, spray with Bordeaux liquid for the third time;
• a strong infection of the cherry also provides for the fourth stage of treatment with Bordeaux liquid two weeks after the third spraying.

Prevention of cherry diseases and their consequences

The universal and optimal requirement for the care and prevention of dangerous cherry diseases is compliance with all agrotechnical measures maintaining its normal growth.

• carefully collect and burn all plant waste in case of cherry disease on garden plot, do not leave them for the winter as a refuge for infection and pests;
• it is safer to prune diseased parts of a cherry tree in autumn dry weather before leaf fall to minimize spraying with rains and winds of pathogenic spores of fungi;
• at the beginning of the growing season, in the middle of spring, make an audit of branches and shoots that are weakened, withered or thicken the crown, which will provide more ventilation, lighting, additional food the whole tree and increase its resistance against infection by fungi and viruses;
• fertilizing the near-stem zone, monitor the absence of weeds on it;
• protect the stem part of the cherry from mechanical damage. If this could not be avoided, then remove the injured parts, clean the wounds, cover with a layer of garden pitch, natural drying oil or light-colored children's plasticine;
• timely prevent both frostbite and sunburn stem of cherry trees. To do this, they must be whitewashed in early spring and late autumn;
• be sure to immediately remove the gum, followed by the treatment of the entire tree with Bordeaux liquid, which will stop the process of gum production, which is dangerous for the spread of fungal diseases;
• before bud break and after flowering, spray fruit trees with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid, do this for the third time two weeks after the second treatment; good results are obtained by the same annual treatment in the fall after leaf fall;
• before treatment with chemicals, especially Bordeaux liquid, tests should be carried out for the burn reaction of the tree, that is, spray a small part of the tree with an appropriate solution, in which a necrotic burn spot may appear, the leaf and fruit seem to be covered with a mesh. In this case, the processing time must be postponed and the test repeated after a certain time.

After successful fight with cherry diseases, it is impossible to reduce the level of proper agricultural technology for working with this tree in order to preserve its productive capabilities;

• Fruits from a treated tree must be thoroughly washed under running water before use;
• In modern specialized stores today you will be offered the safest for humans and effective drugs against infections and pests;
• We remind you of the high toxicity of copper sulfate. If it is impossible to replace it with another means of protection, then at least use the best personal protective equipment: glasses, masks, clothes, shoes, do not smoke or eat while processing trees. Less dangerous, for example, the drug "fundazol", especially during cherry blossoms;
• It is necessary to strive to keep the crown as lush as possible so that the tree is more resistant to frost.

The fungal diseases of cherries described in this article can threaten almost all fruit trees in the garden, and not just stone fruits, damage the crop, distract the gardener's strength and time, and cause some damage to the budget. In this regard, all these measures for the prevention and direct control of the emerging disease of the cherry orchard should be combined with a complete set of agricultural techniques for caring for fruit trees.

There are cherries in every garden, and, most likely, not in a single copy and not of the same variety. This juicy berry is loved by both adults and children, you can cook from it delicious jam, preserve in the form of compotes, alone or in combination with other fruits and berries, use as a filling for desserts. Therefore, if you decide to start your own garden, you need to purchase several cherry seedlings. The article will focus on cherry diseases and their treatment.

Cherry diseases and pests

It is important not only to plant seedlings in accordance with all the rules and provide them with proper care. Cherry is quite susceptible to various diseases, and the state of the tree and its yield will depend on how timely they are detected, how quickly measures are taken to eliminate the problem. Therefore, every gardener must be aware of the diseases that can affect this fruit tree, be able to recognize and cure them.

Every farmer, especially a beginner, gets upset when he notices that instead of the long-awaited harvest, damage has appeared on his tree. It would seem from where? After all, the seedling was purchased as a varietal, planted on time and correctly, watered and fed regularly, but still gets sick. The causes of lesions and diseases of cherries can be as follows:

Having established the cause, you can proceed to the treatment of the disease, but not vice versa. Otherwise, the damage will return after a while and you will have to start all over again.

Cherry diseases

There are two diseases that can cause serious harm not only to the crop, but to the entire tree, and from which the cherry suffers most often: coccomycosis, after which the foliage of the tree begins to crumble prematurely, and moniliosis, which provokes rotting and drying out of the berries.

Less often, but also quite often, cherries suffer from diseases such as anthracnose, perforated spotting, gum disease. They, too, should not be ignored.

Cherry disease coccomycosis

• This is fungal disease, which got into middle lane Russia from the Scandinavian countries. Until now, breeders have not been able to find an immune vaccine for cherries from this disease, almost all varieties suffer - the only exception is felt cherries and a hybrid of cherries with bird cherry.

• How does the disease manifest itself? Foliage is affected first. Spots appear on the leaves magenta, and if you look at them with inside, it is easy to see a pinkish-whitish bloom - this is the spores of the fungus. If you do not take action in time, the leaves will begin to intensively fall off ahead of time. By the first frosts, the tree will remain completely naked and unprepared, which is the main danger for it. If the tree is not treated for the next season, it may die completely.
• Sometimes fungal spores settle on the cherry fruits themselves. In this case, they are deformed, it is not recommended to eat them.
• Why does the fungus that provokes the disease not die in winter frosts? The fact is that he hibernates in fallen leaves under a tree. And in the spring, when the first sprouts of plants appear, it first moves to them, and then again to the cherry tree. Therefore, it is important in the fight against the disease not to be lazy and carefully carry out all the necessary procedures.

Moniliosis

• Professional gardeners often refer to this disease as monilial burn because the branches of the tree actually look like they have been scorched by fire.

Cherry diseases photo

• This disease is also provoked by fungal spores. On the initial stage the bark of the trunk and branches are covered with small spots resembling outgrowths of gray moss. Then the growths appear on the berries. Over time, if the tree is not treated, the bark is completely covered with fungus and begins to crack. Gum protrudes in the cracks, the branches dry up, and gradually die off completely. At the same time, the berries also shrink, or mummify, as professionals say, and then fall off.
• To get rid of this disease, you need to be patient - the fungus is very tenacious and is able to spend the whole winter in the bark of a tree, even in severe frosts.

Anthracnose

• This disease often goes unnoticed until most of the cherry crop has died. It is quite difficult to detect it at the very beginning of development, you need to carefully examine each berry.
• On cherries, dull dotted spots appear at first. Then they grow into tubercles and bulges, which have a characteristic, pale pink color. In dry weather, cherries mummify under sunbeams.
• If the summer is rainy and the air humidity is high, the disease progresses very quickly and can destroy more than 80% of the crop.

perforated spotting

• It is already clear by the name of the disease that it manifests itself in the formation of holes on the leaves of a tree. If the summer is warm, with frequent and heavy rains, purple-brown spots with a border may appear on the leaves.

• The same spots are formed on the fruits. The fruits become deformed over time, and through holes appear on the leaves instead of spots. The bark also suffers from this type of fungus - it cracks, gum disease begins as a concomitant disease.

Gum treatment

• Very rarely, this disease appears on its own. As a rule, it begins to develop in the advanced stages of all of the above tree diseases. But the reasons can also be:
  1. sunburn of tree bark;
  2. frostbite in a very cold winter;
  3. excessive fertilization and watering of the soil.
• Manifestations of the disease: cracking of the bark, after which a thick liquid of sticky consistency from whitish to amber color protrudes from the cracks. Many gardeners ignore this phenomenon, considering the gum flow to be harmless to the tree. But it's not. As a result, it can lead to the complete death of the cherry.
• Young trees under the age of 5 often suffer from a disease such as verticillium wilt. With this disease, the tree is rapidly losing foliage, the buds of flowers and new leaves dry up without blooming, and also crumble. In two or three weeks young tree completely dies, as the drying of the trunk and branches from the inside begins.

Cherry disease control

• So, if in autumn the leaves from the cherry fell off prematurely and that the tree is infected coccomycosis, there is no doubt. It is most effective to carry out the processing of cherries in the spring from all diseases and pests. It is important not to miss the moment when she throws out new leaves, and spray the tree at this stage with a three percent Bordeaux mixture. After the flowering period is over, the cherry is sprayed with a weak solution of copper oxychloride. If the spraying procedure is carried out before flowering, very good result gives the drug Speed. The third, last, spraying should be done in the fall, when the crop is already harvested. Any of the three above can be used.

• How to treat moniliosis? It is important to take action as early as possible when the fungus is just starting to grow. To begin with, all the affected berries are carefully removed and burned - even one missed cherry can cause a new wave of illness, so you can’t be lazy. Diseased branches should also be removed. When cutting for reinsurance, at least 10 centimeters of healthy bark should be captured, as the fungus can hide under it.
• The following spring, before the cherry blossoms begin, therapeutic spraying is carried out. For this, Bordeaux liquid or a three percent solution of iron sulfate is used. It is necessary to spray not only the cherry tree itself, but also the soil around it. Copper sulphate, nitrafen, oleocuprite are also successfully used. If for some reason it was not possible to process the tree before flowering, you can do it after. Then it is better to use a one percent solution of Bordeaux liquid and other fungicides: cuprazan, phthalan, captan.
• Anthracnose amenable to successful treatment with Polyram. Spraying is carried out in three passes. The first time before the cherry blossoms, the second time immediately after the flowers fall, and the third time after two weeks. If affected fruits are seen, they must be immediately collected and destroyed.
• Spotted hole treatment it is carried out with the same drugs and according to the same scheme as the treatment of cherry moniliosis. We must not forget about the timely cutting of the affected branches, sections of the bark and affected fruits.

• Gum treatment as such is not treated. It can simply be prevented by providing the tree with proper care and preventive measures.

Prevention of cherry tree diseases

Diseases garden trees, like any other, it is easier to prevent than to get rid of them later without consequences and relapses. Therefore, preventive measures are indispensable.

• Twice a year, in spring and autumn, it is recommended to cover lime mortar boles of trees and the soil around it. This will protect the tree from sunburn and frostbite.
• To prevent gum disease, it is necessary from time to time to treat the tree with a solution of copper sulfate.
• In those places where cracks nevertheless formed, and gum appeared, a thorough cleaning should be carried out, and then cover the wounds with garden pitch. Removed branches and bark must be burned.