20.08.2016 12 740

How to keep grapes fresh for a long time?

Grapes are a tasty and healthy delicacy. Berries have a tonic and tonic property. They have a positive effect on breathing, the work of the heart and blood vessels. How to store grapes so that there is always an opportunity to strengthen the immune system? There are several ways, which are described in the article.

What varieties should be chosen?

The duration of storage of bunches is determined by the density and level of maturity of berries, sugar content. To persistent include medium and late-ripening varieties of dark color, treated with a wax coating. This substance serves as protection against pest damage, drying out and mechanical damage.

Clusters for long-term storage should be chosen loose, with large whole berries sitting on the stalks. Unripe and overripe fruits spoil quickly. An important parameter the sugar content of the berries is considered - the more it is, the better the keeping quality. For winter storage suitable for the following varieties:

1. "Moldova".
2. "Lydia".
3. "Alden".
4. "Tyfi pink".
5. Muscat of Hamburg and Muscat of Alexandria.
6. "Senso".
7. "In Memory of Negrul".
8. "Moldavian black".

This grape is practically unaffected by fungi. At the same time, it retains its taste and aroma for 4-6 months, and does not lose color for a long time.

Correct collection

Before you learn how to store grapes, you should follow the rules for collecting and growing. Even if the appropriate variety is selected, this is not a guarantee of long shelf life.

The conditions for growing and harvesting berries are important:

1. Due to excessive watering, the shelf life of grapes is reduced. 40-45 days before harvesting, irrigation of the bushes should be completed. As a result, unnecessary moisture comes out of the berries, and sugar increases.
2. Part of the clusters (up to 25%) is removed from the bushes, which improves the keeping quality of the fruit. If the vine is not unloaded in time, the berries will begin to crumble and wither. For storage, they are unlikely to go.
3. You need to properly feed the grapes. If nitrogen fertilizers(mineral or organic) will be used in large quantities, then the harvest will not last long. And phosphorus-potassium compounds can increase the sugar content and extend the storage time.
4. Fruits must be protected from fungi and viruses - affected fruits quickly deteriorate.
5. Collection is best done on a sunny day. Cut the grapes quickly, and then transfer them to the shade. Do not assemble in the early morning and late evening.
6. If you store the crop in a suspended form, the brush should be cut off in the area with a fragment of a vine 7-9 cm long.
7. Clusters with a comb can be placed in boxes.
8. To protect the wax coating from damage, assemblers need to work with thin gloves. In this case, you should not touch the berries.

If grown and harvested correctly, you should know where to store the grapes so that valuable substances are preserved in it.

in the cellar

How to store grapes in the cellar? Before laying, the bunches should be inspected, and damaged fruits should be removed with tweezers. It is not necessary to wash the grapes, as the wax coating will be eliminated, which will cause it to deteriorate quickly. The cellar or basement must be prepared in advance. This culture is afraid high humidity, incorrect air temperature, mold and pests. It is important to observe the following rules:

1. The room must be thoroughly ventilated. It needs to be ventilated periodically. Then it will turn out to protect the crop from dampness and mold.
2. If the temperature in winter less than zero, then insulation will be required, since the grapes must be stored at a temperature of +1 to +8 degrees. At high rates, the berries lose moisture and dry out.
3. The humidity should be 80%. It will be drier if you put a bucket of charcoal, sawdust or quicklime in the corner of the room.
4. To prevent the formation of mold on the walls, the room must be whitewashed with lime. And to eliminate pests, fumigation with sulfur or a pair of quicklime is used. Disinfection is performed a month before laying the crop for storage so that the grapes are not poisoned by poisonous particles.
5. Do not leave fruits with smelling products. Vegetables shouldn't be around either. Some, for example, potatoes, zucchini form moisture, which adversely affects the berries.

After completing the preparation, the grapes must be placed in the cellar for the winter. This is done in several ways.

Water containers

This method is ideal for small crops. How to store grapes with this method? The clusters must be cut with a vine, the long end of which is then transferred to a bottle filled with water. The container should be fixed at an angle so that the brush hangs freely.

Add a tablet of activated charcoal or aspirin to the water - they will not multiply putrefactive bacteria. This will keep the berries fresh. Periodically, it is necessary to perform a cut on the vine so that there is a more active absorption of nutrients. So the berries are stored for at least 2 months.

On the wire

How to store grapes on a wire? The brushes must be tied in pairs with twine, wrapped around the combs. Then you need to hang the crop on a stretched wire, rope or wooden poles. The clusters should not touch each other, so the supports are placed at different heights. This method is suitable for spacious rooms.

Berries remain fresh and do not lose their taste for 3 months. Burlap or polyethylene should be stretched under the clusters so as not to crush the berries. After all, an vinegar fly will appear on damaged fruits, infecting the entire crop.

Crates or wooden tubs

How to store grapes for the winter in this way? Sawdust 2-3 cm thick should be laid out at the bottom of the container, after which grapes are placed on them. It is important that the clusters do not touch. The tub or box must be filled to the top, alternating fruits and bulk material, and then loosely closed with a lid so as not to disrupt air exchange.

At the end, sawdust is laid. Before laying the container should be fumigated with sulfur. No need to use pine or spruce sawdust, as they adversely affect the taste of berries, it is advisable to choose linden or poplar. The best filler is cork powder.

You can use low boxes, which should be lined with straw, clean paper or natural material, on which clusters of berries are stacked, ridges up. Berries are stored in a container for 1.5-2 months. To protect the crop, you need to inspect it every 2-3 weeks, eliminating spoiled fruits.

On shelves

The racks should be about 80 cm deep. The clusters are easy to turn over or take out. Optimal distance there will be about 30 cm between the shelves. Straw is a softening bedding. It is preferable to use straw ash, which is considered an excellent antiseptic, and also serves as protection against pests and fungus. Clusters should be laid in one row with ridges away from you to make it easier to inspect the crop.

Fridge

Are grapes stored in the refrigerator? The device will keep the fruits on a long period. If the harvest is small, then this option will be the best. IN industrial environment fruits are placed in sealed chambers, where the gaseous environment is regulated.

How to store grapes in the refrigerator? It must be placed in the "freshness zone", where the temperature is from 0 to +2 degrees, and the humidity is not less than 90%. In this section, the product will be stored for up to 6 months without loss of taste and nutrients. Grapes should not be washed before being placed in the refrigerator. The bunches should be laid in one layer so that the ridges are up. Do not wrap tender fruits in polyethylene - this will cause mold.

Freeze

You can store grapes in the refrigerator, in the freezer. In this case, the berries retain their taste and benefits. Fruit should not be re-frozen. Dark varieties last longer than light varieties, but different crops are suitable for freezing.

Clusters must be cleaned of debris, damaged berries, and then washed and dried. The fruits should be laid out on a tray and placed in the refrigerator for 2 hours. Then for half an hour you need to remove the grapes in the freezer. Then it should be packaged in containers and frozen. To save, you can use not only all the brushes, but also individual berries. Light varieties are best frozen in sweet syrup: sugar (1 cup) and water (2 cups) are required.

With defrosting, the berries should be poured with cool water for an hour. You need to eat them right away. But it is even better to hold the grapes on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator from 10 to 18 hours. Then the defrosting will be smooth, because of which the taste will become saturated.

Grapes are a wonderful gift of nature, which can be consumed not only in season. FROM proper storage the berries will be at home within a year.

Growing grapes can bring not only good harvest but also an unforgettable pleasure from this process. But for this you will have to try hard and make sure that the vine successfully copes with the autumn and winter colds.

If you do not want to get less and less harvest every year, and then plant a new vine at all, then you will need useful advice below.

The effect of frost on the condition of the vine

Prolonged and intensifying frosts have an extremely negative impact on the vine. If you do not take appropriate measures, then you can not only lose the next crop, but also completely destroy the vine.

1. Destruction of perennial sleeves and annual growth of grapes. This is a very common situation and can result in them stopping active germination. Their place can be taken by shoots from shoots and dormant buds, which delays the process of obtaining the desired crop.
2. Destruction of the above-ground part of the grapes. It occurs quite often and has serious consequences in the long term. It pleases that root system could not be affected by frost, so it will continue to provide growth vine.
3. Destruction of kidneys with increased fertility. Instead of starting the process rapid flowering, new shoots will appear. As a result, lost time and poor chances of getting a harvest.

There is also a danger of destroying not only the above-ground part of the grapes, but also the root system. In this case, you can not even dream of any harvest, and attempts to rectify the situation will lead to nothing. This is considered the most critical damage to the vine.

Even less frost-resistant grapes need proper care, not to mention those varieties that cannot cope with frost on their own.

The first thing you should do is to carefully inspect the grape bush. If you come across damaged, diseased and old vines, then they must be removed immediately. Those branches that have already managed to please the grape harvest should also be removed, but after some time. Ideally, at the time of the appearance of the first frost.

The resulting time will allow the grapes to get stronger and gain the necessary nutrients, which will significantly increase its chances for successful confrontation frost. Otherwise, he will be more vulnerable.

Special attention deserves cataract, which will allow deep roots to get stronger and take root.

To do this, you need to do the following:

1. Dig a small ditch around the grape trunk (up to 20 centimeters).
2. Remove all roots that are on the same level as the main root.
3. Prepare copper sulphate and process slices with it.
4. Fill the dug ditch with dry sand.
5. Loosen the soil around the grape bush and pour plenty of water.

The last thing you need to do is water the vine well. Experienced summer residents and gardeners call this process moisture-charging irrigation. Optimal time for such irrigation - the end of October or the beginning of November. If October is rainy, then water-charging irrigation will not be needed. Immediately after this, the shrub should be covered.

How to prepare the vine for the winter and what to look out for

Proper preparation for winter is considered:

1. Regular inspection of grape bushes for the presence of fungal infections.
2. Timely removal of damaged and dry branches.
3. Treatment of the vineyard with fungicides (it is recommended to increase their dosage after harvest).
4. Carry out top dressing with mineral and organic fertilizers.

It is advisable not to delay the shelter of grape bushes. The more carefully they are covered, the more nutrients will be spent on strengthening vital processes. The temperature also plays important role. A warm shelter will better prepare the grapes for the upcoming frosts.

Pay attention to whether the wood has matured. Greenish wood not only cannot cope with winter conditions, but it will also create a lot of problems for another part of the grapes through the appearance of fungal diseases and mold.

Mature wood is brown in color and may crack slightly when bent without warping. A vine with such wood has a good chance of becoming immune to even severe frosts because it retains warmth.

What you need for mature wood on the vine:

1. A suitable grape variety that is able to ripen quickly when climatic conditions your area.
2. Maintaining the health of the grape bush.
3. Removing redundant and damaged branches.
4. Tracking the load of the vine. An overloaded vine noticeably delays the process of wood aging.
5. Fertilizing grapes with the necessary fertilizers from potassium.
6. Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied until mid-summer. Otherwise, the grapes will begin to spend their energy on creating excess green mass.
7. Carrying out a thorough autumn chasing (cutting shoots over the fifteenth sheet).

Important note! Minting should be done only after the growth of the vine has begun to slow down. The straight tops of the grapes indicate that the growth process has begun to degrade. If they are bent, then you need to wait a little more.

After the final pruning and trimming, it is necessary to ensure good cover grape bush. It should be carefully bent and tied in such a way as not to deform its branches. Given the changing weather, grape shelter can occur on different calendar days.

It is not necessary to rush to the grape bushes to shelter them from the first frosts. Such hardening will only benefit them, because the vine will noticeably get stronger and get a certain resistance to cold.

Those shoots that you cut and pre-treated blue vitriol, should be placed on the ground and fixed with brackets. This must be done with extreme care. It is better if there is a litter of dry branches and leaves under them.

From above they can show off wooden shields with flight attendants. This will increase the space around the stems and become additional protection from frost. After that, you need to cover the shields with any waterproof material. For example, polyethylene or roofing material. Be sure to throw dry branches or a small amount of earth so that the material is not blown away by the wind.

Summing up

courtship grape bush represents a very difficult task not only for beginners, but also for experienced gardeners and summer residents. The main thing is the sequence of actions and work on conscience.

With the passage of time and the accumulation of experience in this area, you can be sure that you can prepare grapes for the winter, both with proven and with your own methods.

The shelf life of grapes depends on the variety. Varieties belonging to the category of medium and late ripening are stored longer. Such varieties can be distinguished by elastic fruits and dense skin.

Depending on the shelf life, grapes can be:

• with a long shelf life;
• with an average shelf life;
• perishable.

You can identify such properties of grapes by knowing its variety. Before buying, you need to study at least the minimum information about the variety of grapes that you plan to store.

The optimum storage temperature for grapes is between 0 and +7 degrees.. Under such conditions, the berries can remain fresh from several weeks to several months (depending on the variety and degree of maturity).

In the refrigerator at a temperature of -1 to +2 degrees, grapes are stored for several weeks (provided that poor-quality berries were previously removed). In the process of storage, bunches should be regularly inspected. When identifying the first signs of rot on the berries, they must be removed.

In the freezer, the shelf life of grapes is several months. The main condition for the preservation of taste properties is the exclusion of re-freezing after defrosting, as well as maintaining a stable temperature level. At -20-24 degrees, the berries can be stored for 7 months, after which they must be eaten. Otherwise, the taste and juiciness of the grapes will be lost.

If there are a lot of grapes, then you can store it for several months on the balcony. As a container, you can use cardboard or wooden boxes. Berries should also be regularly inspected for spoiled fruits.

How to store grapes

When storing grapes, it is necessary to carefully inspect the brushes and remove rotten, overripe or damaged berries. Otherwise, the shelf life will be reduced several times, and the process of decay will develop rapidly.

There are several ways to store grapes.:

• in the fridge, room conditions;
• in the freezer;
• in dark cool rooms (for example, a cellar, if there is a private house).

The nuances of storing grapes:

• in the refrigerator, grapes should be stored in the fruit compartment;
• if the grapes are stored at room conditions, then they must be hung so that the clusters do not come into contact with any surface;
• grapes lend themselves well to freezing (berries are placed in plastic bags or wrapped in cling film)
• dark-skinned grape varieties are more suitable for freezing (but any type of grape can be frozen);
• washing the grapes before any storage method is not recommended (moisture will speed up the process of rotting the berries);
• it is not worth storing grapes in polyethylene (condensate will accelerate the process of decay);
• for storing grapes in the refrigerator, it is better to use containers without lids or paper;
• hybrid grape varieties have a shorter shelf life (maximum of a month);
• it is better to store grapes in bunches, without separating the berries from the branches (damage to the berries will affect their shelf life).

For the storage of grapes are used and unusual ways. For example, if the grapes are placed in a jar of water and then put in the refrigerator, the freshness of the berries will last for two months. The main condition in this case is the complete exclusion of damaged or overripe berries. Bacteria enter through liquid ripe berries and their taste will change.

You can enjoy juicy and fragrant grapes, as if plucked from a bush, for quite a long time, until the New Year celebrations.

To do this, you need to know how to properly store grapes at home. It is easier to make dried fruits, roll up wine or juice, but there are other options for keeping the product fresh.

Which grape varieties are suitable for long-term storage

Grape clusters with elastic ripe berries have the best keeping quality. Unripe and overripe are not suitable. An important role is played by the amount of sugar in fruits - the more sugary, the longer the shelf life will be.

For long-term storage, clusters with large intact berries are selected.

Ideal for winter savings, these varieties of grapes:

• Moldova.
• Taifi pink.
• Muscat of Hamburg.
• Lydia.
• Alden.
• In memory of Negruli.
• Muscat Hamburg (Alexandrian).
• Senso.
• Nistru.
• Anniversary of the crane.
• Kutuzovsky.
• Autumn black.

These varieties are resistant to negative impacts. external factors, save consumer qualities and taste for about 6 months.

How to store grapes in the cellar for the winter

Before storing grape stocks, the composition is sorted, gently removing substandard berries with tweezers: injured, dry, rotten and unripe.

Do not wash, so as not to remove the wax coating, which prevents premature spoilage.

Bookmarked warehouse space prepared accordingly. Culture is whimsical and sensitive to any inappropriate conditions for it.

Grape Enemy:

• excess moisture;
• wrong temperature regime;
• moldy fungus;
• pests.

The room must have a powerful ventilation system. Additionally, they resort to ventilation. This is the only way to protect yourself from dampness and the development of the fungus.

An acceptable temperature regime for the safe preservation of the vine is within + 1 ... + 9 ° С, at a humidity of 80-85%. An increase leads to drying of the fruit.

You can reduce air humidity by installing a container with absorbent material: sawdust, limestone, charcoal. The walls are whitewashed with lime.

It is unacceptable to keep clusters next to products that exude a sharp aroma. It is undesirable to be near some vegetables that release moisture: gourds, potatoes.

After the preparations have been made, berries are laid. You can do this in different ways.

How to avoid the appearance of insects and mold?

• Systematically examine the berry and remove spoiled or shriveled berries. Clusters on the shelves are carefully taken by the stalks and lifted. Those located in boxes are transferred to a new container. It is better not to touch the hanging vine and the one stored in the water once again.
• Control the temperature using specially equipped ventilation holes- open or close as needed.
• Warm up the grapes in case of cold weather.
• Slightly withered grapes are restored: dipped in sugar syrup for a few seconds, then in cold water.

What to do if mold appears?

If moldy plaque occurs on individual clusters, the branches are broken off and thrown away. The harvest is taken out of the room, and the storage is thoroughly ventilated and disinfected.

Storage in water containers

Clusters are cut from the bush with tails - combs. Leave about 15-20 centimeters so that there is at least one bud on the shoot. Immerse them in bottles, obliquely fixed and filled with water (filtered, distilled).

The clusters themselves do not touch the walls of the container. Must be soluble in water Activated carbon or acetylsalicylic acid (1 tablet).

Stored stocks are systematically inspected, rotten berries are removed and shoots are pruned. The water is regularly changed, charcoal is added, which is necessary for purification. The method is suitable for loose brushes.

Hanging on a wire

Several clusters are tied together with a rope, after which they are hung on a wire stretched in the basement or wooden perches.

Supports are installed on different heights so that the fruits do not come into contact with each other.

Burlap is pulled from below so that falling berries do not choke during storage. Midges intensively flock to the syrup released from damaged fruits, which causes rotting of all stocks.

Suspended on the ridges (by the bunch)

The bunches are hung on a tightly stretched rope, tied to hooks, and fixed by the combs. Berries should be located at some distance from each other and from the walls. The disadvantage of the method is the high risk of drying the berries.

In boxes or wooden tubs

Wooden barrels are convenient for storing grapes. The bottom is covered with a layer of sawdust. They are also interspersed with stacked bunches of grapes.

It is important to distribute them evenly at some distance from each other. Loosely cover with a lid to create natural air exchange inside.

Another option for keeping the harvest fresh is low boxes. They make a straw flooring, lay out the vine with ridges up.

On shelves

The fruit is stored on racks 80-90 cm deep. The interval between the shelves should not be less than 20 cm. Straw or straw ash is used as a base: it serves as a good antiseptic.

The clusters are laid out with stalks against the wall. This makes the fruit easier to see.

Best friend is the fridge

Underground, glazed loggia and similar storages do not always meet the required conditions for saving the grape harvest.

This is due to the inability to maintain the required temperature and humidity levels. With a small harvest at home, you can save the freshness of the grapes in the refrigerator.

Refrigerated and refrigerated storage

The berries are put in the vegetable compartment, where the temperature regime is maintained in the range from 0 to +2 ° C and humidity 85-90%.

The grapes are not pre-washed. Lay out in a single layer without packaging in polyethylene.

Freezing grapes

Dark and light varieties keep well in the freezer. First, the berry composition is sorted out, debris is removed, washed and dried on paper napkins.

For 2-3 hours they are placed in the refrigerator compartment, after which they are rearranged for half an hour in the freezer. Then they take it out, pack it in portions in containers and return it back.

It is more convenient to freeze not with brushes, but with individual berries. Important condition long-term maintenance of product freshness - temperature -25 °C.

If necessary, defrosting is taken out required amount, immersed in cold water for 50-60 minutes. You must use this product immediately, otherwise it will deteriorate.

Shelf life of grapes

The shelf life of freshly stored grapes depends on the approach chosen:

Conclusion

store grapes different ways: in boxes, on shelves, hanging, in water, in the refrigerator. The main thing is to maintain the temperature and humidity necessary for the berries. Then premature decay can be avoided.