How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands - materials, design, masonry and decoration. Do-it-yourself wood-burning brick fireplaces for the home: installation rules and useful recommendations

Brick fireplaces, as well as stoves, are popular and stylish solution with home heating, as well as a spectacular element of the interior. Given the availability of modern building materials, tools, and technologies, laying down a fireplace or stove on your own is not very difficult.

stone fireplace

Instructions for creating a brick fireplace include:

choice of type of fireplace;
selection of masonry material;
list of required tools;
masonry technology;
brick laying scheme (it is commonly called ordering).

Varieties of fireplaces

The most common brick fireplaces are divided into two types: built-in and wall-mounted.

Embedded

Built-in fireplace

Mounted inside the load-bearing wall, inside which the chimney is located. This is enough difficult option for independent construction, and, as a rule, it is created in advance - even at the stage of designing a house.

wall

Most convenient option for self-masonry. Such a fireplace can be laid out in the country or in a private house. with my own hands even without experience in this field.

This can be done at any stage - both during the construction of the house itself, and already in the finished room. The only thing you have to tinker with if the masonry is planned in a residential building where the renovation is completed is the creation of a separate foundation for a fireplace or stove.

The most convenient way to do brick fireplace, since brick is an inexpensive and common material, and it is easier to lay it evenly.

Wall fireplaces are divided into two types: straight and corner. Corner ones are located in the corner, at the junction of two walls, they are quite compact in size, therefore they occupy less space. Do corner fireplace somewhat simpler than a straight line, but its ordering scheme is different, and less material is required.

Where to start building?

Fireplace drawing

The construction of a brick fireplace must begin with a sketch. Usually this is a freehand drawing, which depicts the location of the fireplace in the room, its appearance, type, principle of operation, the shape of the portal, the location of the chimney, ash pan, firebox, and other elements. Dimensions are approximate. Fireplace designs must take into account the location of rafters and beams so that there are no problems with the chimney.

The next step is the drawing of the fireplace, which must be done in more detail. The main thing is a side view of the fireplace in a section, which will show its device.

A separate important element is the ordering scheme according to which the stove or fireplace is being built. There are many ordering schemes - you can choose from ready-made ones, or you can come up with your own, but it is still recommended to start with those already known.

Selection of materials

Refractory brick for fireplace

A brick fireplace can be made from an ordinary solid brick as a whole, but for interior decoration It is best to use fireclay bricks for furnaces - it is much more refractory, resistant to chemically active products resulting from combustion, and also heats up more slowly and keeps heat longer.

For the solution, you can take a ready-made refractory mixture, which is sold in hardware stores. A simpler option is the classic combination of clay and sand, the exact ratio of which is selected empirically. It is worth noting that the fireplace is laid without the use of cement (it is allowed to add it to the clay-sand mixture only in the amount of 10-20% when laying out the base).

For a fireplace with a closed firebox, metal doors with refractory glass will be needed (a simpler option is all-metal doors, but then the fire will not be visible). If you plan a fireplace with an open firebox, then the doors will not be needed.

You will also need purge and cleaning doors, plus dampers to adjust air flow.

For a chimney, a pipe with round section from of stainless steel.

Facing can be done with plaster, ceramic tiles, or not done at all - leave the brick as it is.

Required set of tools

To build brick fireplaces, a standard set of tools is required:

spatula or trowel (you may need both);
hammer ordinary and rubber;
tape measure, plumb, building level;
Sander;
shovel;
bucket, barrel or basin (for water and solution);
rule.

Rules for calculating dimensions

Drawing of a fireplace insert

When drawing up a fireplace drawing, certain rules must be taken into account, otherwise there will be problems with functionality. First of all, it concerns the size of the firebox. It is customary to make it rectangular, while the height should be related to the width 2: 3.

Another formula is used to calculate the depth of the furnace: it should be 2/3 of the height of the portal. It is best to start drawings of fireplaces by calculating the dimensions of the firebox, because, knowing these dimensions, you can already calculate all other parameters.

So that the drawing does not diverge from reality, there is a generally accepted method of dry laying - first the fireplace is laid out without mortar, then each brick is numbered (the row and its position in the row are indicated on it) - this layout makes it possible to make a stove or fireplace without errors.

In order to properly lay out a brick fireplace with your own hands, you need to adhere to the following scheme: the width of the portal must be chosen as a multiple of the size of a half of the brick, and the height of the portal is selected so that it is a multiple of the height of the brick, plus 0.5 cm mortar layer, i.e. in total - 7 cm.

Foundation preparation

Foundation for a fireplace

The laying of the fireplace is carried out on a separate foundation, which should not be connected with the main foundation of the house. The dimensions of the foundation should exceed the dimensions of the fireplace by 20-30 cm. The depth of the foundation should be about 50 cm. The foundation pit is filled with sand mixed with gravel, and each layer must be carefully compacted.

After filling the foundation pit, formwork is installed from wooden planks, not less than 15 cm high. A metal mesh or a lattice of reinforcement with a cell size of 10 * 10 cm is laid inside the formwork.

The formwork is poured with a solution consisting of gravel, cement, and sand (ratio - 4:1:3). The solution dries completely for about 30 days, after which you can cover it with an outer layer - cement-sand mixture(1:3), and make insulation on top with two layers of roofing material.

The laying of the fireplace is carried out on a completely finished foundation.

Masonry principles for brick fireplaces

The laying of fireplaces can have a different order, but some principles are the same for any option:

it is customary to lay the first row of bricks, placing them on edge, and the subsequent ones - flat;
the first two rows are called the base of the fireplace (or stove);
the bottom of the firebox should rise above the floor by at least three rows of brickwork;
the brick should not have breaks, chips or cracks;
Red solid brick before laying, it is recommended to soak in water so that it is saturated with moisture (when, immersed in water, it stops releasing air bubbles, it means that the brick has absorbed enough moisture);
fireclay bricks do not need to be soaked in water - it will be enough to remove dust or dirt from its surface with a damp cloth;
the thickness of the seam should not exceed 0.5 cm;
it is necessary to apply such an amount of mortar to the brick so that the mortar does not go beyond the boundaries of the brick;
if excess mortar appears somewhere between the seams, they should be removed;
it is best to start laying from the corners, checking them by plumb and level;
if the brick was cut, then the edge remaining after the cut must be walled up in mortar;
mortar for masonry brick fireplaces should not contain lumps, should not be runny or sticky to hands, and should be homogeneous;
it is best to do the fireplace masonry in the warm season - then the solution will dry faster (this is especially true for the foundation);
it is impossible to coat the fireplace with a solution from the inside.

Key elements that make up the fireplace

The composition of the fireplace under the firewood

The standard masonry scheme for a brick fireplace includes the following elements (moving from the bottom up as the masonry goes):

base;
ashpit (bunker located under the grate, the purpose of which is to collect ash);
the firebox is the space in which fuel is placed and where it burns;
mirror - the back part of the wall of the furnace, inclined forward at an angle of about 20 °, and starting from a height of 30% from the bottom of the furnace (the purpose of the mirror is to reflect thermal energy, directing it from the portal to the room);
a smoke tooth is a protrusion formed by the end of the mirror, which has two main functions - preventing soot from entering the furnace from the chimney, as well as preventing cold air flows from the chimney from entering the furnace;
hailo is a smoke collector in which smoke and various gases are collected before exiting into the chimney (it provides draft in the right direction, and also prevents smoke, sparks, soot from entering the room, due to the fact that the heated gases accumulated here go into the filled cold street air chimney);
damper - a damper located between the fireplace and the chimney, which separates the hail from the chimney (its function is to regulate the power of cold and hot air flows).

Interesting projects: a fireplace that has a barbecue

Brick fireplaces can be different, including outdoor ones. One of these options is the popular project of an outdoor (outdoor) fireplace, which contains a brazier. This brazier is well suited for cooking shish kebab, barbecue, and other hot dishes.

An outdoor fireplace, which has a brazier in its composition, can be wall-mounted or island. It is distinguished by a simplified chimney, and also does not have a damper in the chimney. As additional elements a fireplace with a brazier has a grill for a barbecue and a table-top. Most brick fireplaces with barbecues are built under a canopy to make cooking easier.

Video: DIY mini fireplace for a country house

Mini fireplace for a country house - do it yourself

A wood-burning brick fireplace is the perfect combination of functionality, aesthetics and comfort. Judge for yourself: it perfectly heats the house, decorates the interior and creates a unique atmosphere of comfort. Therefore, it is not surprising that many are wondering: how to make a brick fireplace on your own and without spending too much? Of course build home do it yourself is not an easy task. But this is not a reason to immediately abandon such a bold idea - if you follow a proven technology, use quality materials and to be scrupulous in every step of the implementation of the planned project, you will definitely achieve your goal. And our detailed step-by-step instruction and photos will help you get closer to it even faster.

Fireplace project: calculations, diagrams and drawings

The construction of any fireplace begins with a detailed project development - it will help to get a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe future design.

brick fireplace project

The first step is to choose the location of the fireplace. The best options are a load-bearing facade or interior wall, or the angle between two bearing walls. And the most inappropriate places are in the area of the flight of stairs and between windows.

Important! The dimensions of the opening of the firebox and the dimensions of the room should be related as 1:50, the width and height of the opening - as 2:3, and its height and depth - as 1:2 or 2:3. The last indicator should be given special attention: too deep a firebox can provoke a decrease in heat transfer, and too small - smoke in the room.

Keep in mind that the area of the opening of the chimney pipe depends on the area of the opening of the firebox: in order to guarantee high-quality draft, the area of the first should be 8-15 times less area second.

Once the dimensions are determined, proceed to the preparation of drawings of the facade and the section of the hearth. Drawings are necessary in order to get an accurate picture. appearance fireplace, which can be guided in the process of subsequent installation.

And the last stage in the development of the project is the drawing up of a masonry scheme, which is also called ordering. Here you need to number all the rows of the structure and separately designate each of its elements.

Working materials

The durability and functionality of your fireplace will directly depend on how high-quality materials you choose. Therefore, take the process as seriously as possible.

Red refractory bricks are used to build a fireplace

In the first place, of course, the brick. A solid red brick is best suited for a home fireplace. Material requirements:

perfect surface without melted areas;
saturated color;
corners without the slightest chips;
homogeneous structure in a fracture.

Remember that defective bricks can cause significant heat loss, which will reduce the efficiency of the fireplace.

In addition to bricks, you will need a whole row Supplies and products. In particular:

sand with a grain size of not more than 1.5 mm;
cement;
clay: brown, Cambrian or dark red;
wooden boards;
crushed stone 3-6 mm;
ruberoid;
felt;
grate;
protective screen;
smoke damper.

We proceed directly to the construction of the hearth. This process consists of three stages: pouring the foundation, laying the main structure and installing the chimney.

The scheme of arrangement of the foundation for the fireplace

Stage 1: Foundation construction

The standard laying of the foundation for the fireplace is as follows:

Dig a pit 60 cm deep. Fill it with gravel and tamp it so that the base is strictly horizontal.
Build formwork from boards. Sheathe the structure with roofing material.
Mount the formwork and fill it with broken bricks and rubble.
Prepare a cement mortar: mix one part of cement and three parts of sand. Thoroughly fill the pit with the resulting solution.
Level the surface of the foundation. Its level should be no less than 5-6 cm below the floor level.
cover the foundation ordinary film and let it brew well - at least a week.

For the subsequent laying of bricks, you will need a clay mortar. It can be easily made by hand. First you need to soak the clay for two or three days and, after the expiration of the period, filter it through a fine metal mesh. Next, it must be mixed with sand and water. Ratio: 8 shares of sand, 1 share of water, 8 shares of lean or 4 shares of oily clay. Checking the quality of the composition is quite simple: if it keeps its shape, does not stick to your hands and resembles thick sour cream in its consistency, then you are not mistaken in proportions.

Stage 2: Laying the fireplace

First, fix two layers of roofing material on the foundation - they will be responsible for waterproofing. After that, calibrate the bricks.

Fireplace masonry

Laying is recommended to start from the corners. The first row of bricks for maximum stability is best laid on a cement mortar. To give the hearth an original look, lay the bottom row on the edge, but all the rest - traditionally flat and already on the clay mortar. After each new row, refer to the ordering scheme drawn up earlier.

Important! Each individual brick before laying must be lowered into the plain water to get air out of it. If this rule is neglected, the bricks will draw moisture out of the clay mortar, and this will provoke a low strength of the masonry.

Excess mortar when laying the outer rows can be removed with a trowel, and when laying the firebox and smoke box - manually with a damp cloth, carefully checking the composition for the presence of small pebbles.

In order for the bricks to form the necessary monolithic structure, be sure to bandage the seams for half a brick in each row. Optimal Thickness seams - up to 5 mm.

Advice. To make the masonry of the curved arch come out as aesthetically pleasing as possible, use a temporary formwork - circled.

Stage 3: Installation of the chimney

The arrangement of the chimney is one of the most critical stages in the construction of a fireplace, since the level of draft of the hearth and, therefore, the likelihood of carbon monoxide entering the heated room will depend on the quality of this work. Thus, a good chimney is a guarantee of your safety.

Up to the roof, the chimney can be laid with clay mortar, and above - with cement. The inner walls of the structure must be treated with a liquid clay composition: take a rag, soak it in the solution and wipe all the walls - this will get rid of cracks and get a smooth surface.

Brick fireplace with chimney

It is important to protect the structure from high temperatures in the coverage area. To do this, you can perform fluffing - a special expansion of the pipe. For maximum effect it should be overlaid with felt, previously moistened in a clay composition. And in order to protect the chimney from precipitation, an overflow must be made above the roof - the so-called "otter".

If you want to facilitate the installation of the chimney, use special pipes designed specifically for smoke shafts.

Finishing the fireplace

If the masonry is done with high quality, and the brick pleases with color and texture, it is completely optional to perform the finishing cladding - you can limit yourself to just carefully processing the joints with grout. But if you want to make your hearth even more perfect, pay attention to the most popular options for finishing it:

decorative plaster;
stone;
concrete imitating natural wood;
tile;
decorative brick;
tiles.

Wood-burning brick fireplace

The choice of material for cladding directly depends on what you want to get as a result. For example, if you need a solid and sophisticated fireplace for classic interior, choose expensive natural materials: travertine or marble - such a cladding will make your hearth not only attractive, but truly luxurious.

More simple, but also stylish option- fireplace trim artificial stone or tiles with partially visible brickwork.

Of course, it is not necessary to stop at one cladding - it can be supplemented with all sorts of decorative glass, wood, metal or cast iron sculptures.

We hope our instructions will help you make your dream - a wood-burning brick fireplace - a reality. sticking to simple recommendations, you will definitely get a high-quality home that will delight you with warmth, beauty and comfort for many years.

Do-it-yourself brick fireplace: video

Construction of a brick fireplace: photo

Fireplaces create a unique atmosphere of comfort and warmth in the room.

A few decades ago, their owners could be wealthy foreigners or very wealthy compatriots. IN last years in dachas, in private houses and apartments of ordinary citizens, such an attractive and extraordinary element of the interior appeared.

Peculiarities

The Russian stove has always been an indispensable attribute in a residential building. Later it was replaced by brick fireplaces. At first glance, it may seem that there is no difference between them, but in fact these are devices that have significant differences in performance characteristics(each has its own advantages and disadvantages).

A stove is a building that serves to heat the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room. The fire in the stove is covered with a damper. According to special technology, the chimney is complicated. This makes it impossible to accumulate carbon monoxide indoors and contributes to a higher heat transfer of stoves in comparison with fireplaces. The air supply to the stove is controlled by a blower, which is not in the design of the fireplace. It also provides fuel economy.

The fireplace does not provide heat large quantities as possible when using the oven. It takes much more time to melt and warm up the stove, but a heated stove evenly heats the entire room and the heat in the house remains for 10-15 hours.

The fireplace is a unit that has a more simplified design than a stove. Its hearth is open and a chimney is concentrated above it. According to its design, the fireplace ventilates more warm air than heats it up. A firebox is located in the wall or in the territory attached to it. A door or damper is not provided, but instead an open large opening is made. Through it, the rays of heat fall on people warming themselves by the fireplace.

Brick fireplace

Fireplace ventilation process

Good draft through a flue provides access of oxygen to the room. Air supports the combustion of fuel. The smoke collector is designed in such a way that the smoke from the furnace immediately enters the chimney, without lingering in the room.

To prevent smoke from accumulating in the room, the chimney is made with a large diameter. A fireplace, unlike a stove, can be heated up quickly, but it is always necessary to put firewood on the fire to keep it warm.

The space that is heated with its help is the place right in front of the firebox. Unlike a stove, a fireplace consumes much more fuel.

Heat enters the room immediately after the fireplace is flooded.

Fireplace device

Fireplace scheme

This device is most often installed to create an attractive and unusual atmosphere in the home. The romantic atmosphere in the room with the flickering of fire in the firebox is conducive to liberation and relaxation.

When the house is not inhabited, but visited from time to time, then the use of a fireplace is suitable the best way for such cases.

Kinds

Brick fireplaces include three main parts. This is a portal, a chimney and a firebox.

The firebox is a niche for making a fire. The portal is the outer part of the fireplace, which is decorated various materials(stone, molding, wood and others). The device through which smoke escapes from a room is called a chimney.

There are fireplace structures according to the method of their construction - they are open, closed and semi-open. When the firebox and chimney of a brick fireplace are not separated from the wall of the room, but built into it, then heating device called closed.

open fireplace

Half open cain

closed fireplace

The chimney and firebox are made recessed into the wall of the room. They are also called closed (English) structures. Their advantage is in size. They are compact and can be installed in very small rooms.

However, walls in buildings where a fireplace is planned to be laid should be made thicker, as their strength decreases.

They are erected immediately with the construction of the building. Their design is taken into account in the general design documentation for the residential complex from the very beginning.

Closed fireplace with closed firebox

Closed fireplace with open hearth

A structure laid out along the wall and adjoining it is called a wall-mounted or semi-open fireplace. In such designs, the firebox and chimney are not built into the wall. The construction of a semi-open fireplace is possible in a room that was built a long time ago. Its redevelopment is not required in this case. The wall fireplace is considered the most common type. It can be the same size, full length or tapering at the top. It is not connected to the structure of the wall itself in any way.

Semi-open brick fireplace

wall fireplace

Fireplace devices located at a distance from the walls of the room are called open (island). They are one of the most unpopular species. The installation of such structures is welcomed in large rooms, because they take up most of the space of the room where they are installed with their area. Island (open) structures do not touch the wall, the flame can be seen from anywhere in the room.

Corner fireplaces are located in the corner of the premises, hence their name. With their help, empty corners of rooms are conveniently used, adjacent rooms are heated.

open fireplace

corner fireplace

The chimney of corner fireplaces is concentrated in the wall of the room. It is impossible to lay it out with hollow bricks. The open part of the smoke chamber is made of metal. It can be made of iron or concrete. The surface is covered with brick, stone, plastered.

Fireplaces, in which the flame is not fenced off from the common room, are called open-hearth designs. A firebox is made of fireclay bricks. It can also be an iron or cast iron opening.

A decorative lattice serves as a barrier (obstacle).

The efficiency of such structures is low and they serve more as a decoration than as a heating device.

Fireplace with open hearth

Fireplace with decorative grille

Fireplaces closed type on the contrary, they are equipped with heat-resistant glass (door with glass). It is concentrated between the furnace and the room. At the bottom of the closed firebox there is an additional chamber for the ash pan. From it air is supplied to the chamber where combustion takes place. On the fireboxes of this type of fireplaces, a mechanism is installed that allows you to control the damper. All the nuances of the device and the functioning of the fireplace are skillfully hidden under the cladding. It is made of stone, decorative brick, tile. There may be wooden frames.

Fireplace with closed firebox brick

Fireplace with closed hearth stone

Wood-burning brick fireplaces have found wide application for their installation in summer cottages. The function performed by them is cooking and heating with a water circuit.

Such units are lower in cost than stationary ones. The fuel consumption of fireplaces with stove elements is high. However, their advantage lies in the ability to use thermal energy independently of external carriers. For example, electric boilers often do not function due to problems in the supply of electricity to holiday villages. There is also no need to supply gas communications (in the case of a gas boiler).

The fireplace stove can be equipped with an oven, which makes it possible to cook dishes using the same technologies as in Russian stoves.

Wood-fired brick fireplaces

Fireplace stove with oven

Stove - a fireplace for a bath is equipped with a tank for heating water. Tanks vary in size and models. The presence of a closed or open portal distinguishes bath structures from other types. Brick fireplaces for baths very quickly heat up the room, the heat is retained for a long time. In the country, a barbecue can be attached to a brick fireplace.

To install wood-burning brick fireplaces, a thorough engineering analysis must be carried out. Particular attention is paid to the location of the chimney.

Furnace - a fireplace for a bath with a tank

Fireplace with barbecue

Style and design

The fireplace in the house is a hearth. It has always symbolized peace and comfort. Therefore, the space near the fire became a favorite place for the whole family.

For a long time, nobles and rich people tried to emphasize the importance of the fireplace. They tried to decorate its facade precious metals and stones. Over time, styles and designs of fireplaces emerged. Depending on the design of the heating device, its dimensions, the masonry material is also chosen. The cladding is made with red bricks or refractory white bricks are used.

You can cover the fireplace decorative stone. In the room where it is located, important role plays design. The style of the interior will depend on how all the decor elements (furniture, curtains, tapestries, carpets, vases and other accessories) are combined with each other.

There are several architectural styles fireplaces. The most famous of them are the following: country and Russian, baroque (rococo) and classicism, empire and modern, high-tech.

country style fireplace

Fireplace in Russian style

Art Nouveau fireplace

Fireplace in classical style

Classicism style is characterized by very strict forms and symmetry of lines. The design of the fireplace for the living room should be noble. Often, painting is used for decoration. Delicate pastoral figurines often complement the ensemble. The marble fireplace looks very nice. Appropriate decorative elements are selected for it. Pictures are placed nearby or stucco moldings are made with embossed complex ornaments. Available in bronze or gold finish.

Country-style fireplaces are the complete opposite of classic designs. Country or "rustic" in translation means rough or chipped. Fireplaces are made from natural materials(roughly processed stones or wood). Feeling of contact with wildlife occurs when looking at open hearth fireplace. This style is suitable for lovers of natural stone.

Baroque style (rococo, renaissance) reflects curvaceous forms. Fireplaces in this style are laid low, cover them marble tiles. Typically, the room where the fireplace is located is decorated with paintings in expensive frames, as well as heavy falling curtains and inlaid cornices. Often a mirror in a carved frame is hung over the fireplace.

At the end of the 18th century, the Empire style appeared. It belongs to the royal type. Its main characteristic is dominance over everything. Design items are distinguished by their monumental forms. Furniture is selected with expensive upholstery, large mirrors are hung on the walls. Fireplaces are decorated with sphinxes, lion heads. Strict symmetry in everything distinguishes Empire from other styles.

Art Nouveau fireplaces are placed slightly elongated. The decor reflects the freshness of ideas and images. Stone and metal are combined into one ensemble. The firebox is made round or given a new one. unusual shape. Such a fireplace is completely individual and becomes the center of attraction in the home.

Hi-tech expresses maximalism in the use of space. Around the fireplace, furniture with metal and glass inserts is usually concentrated. The decor is characterized by restraint of forms. This style is considered cold and discreet. Fireplaces are decorated with materials such as granite, marble. Also use ceramic tiles.

Russian style involves the use of tiles as a decoration for a fireplace. Such structures are extraordinarily beautiful, since the tiles have different shape and color. When the fireplace is flooded, a void remains between the brick and the tiled surface according to the masonry technology. Fill it in the process of installation with sand or crushed stone from bricks. As a result of heating, this material gives off heat for a long time. Voids balance the heating temperature of tiles and bricks, due to this, fireplaces are not subject to destruction and can serve for many years.

Drawings and diagrams

The most common type is the corner fireplace. It organically fits into the space of even a small room. The chimney and its portal are in the corner, due to this the room is not cluttered up.

The firebox at the corner fireplace can be closed or open, depending on the desire.

Corner fireplace with a closed firebox

Corner fireplace with open hearth

In order to fold the fireplace correctly, you first need to make drawings and diagrams as a whole structure as well as individual parts. Careful calculations will make it possible to avoid mistakes when laying. First of all, you need to know the dimensions country house, make projects for the chimney and firebox, clarify what material the masonry will be made of. On the drawings, you need to display the fireplace in different projections: top view, side view, straight.

The scheme of the stove-fireplace 750x1400

Project of a house with a fireplace

A well-built fireplace must meet the following characteristics:

warm up the room;
not have cracks or defects to avoid smoke;
its appearance should be combined with the interior of the room.

For example, a fireplace installation is planned in a room of 20 square meters with a ceiling height of 3.5 meters. The volume of the premises of the house will be 70 cubic meters (20x3.5). The ratio of the height of the fireplace and the depth of the firebox is 1/2 or 1/3. In case of non-compliance with the dimensions and mounting of the furnace of increased depth, the heat in the room will decrease. When its depth is less, there may be smoke. Therefore, compliance with dimensions is the main criterion for successful work.

Parameters of the corner fireplace

Parameters for wall fireplace

Smoke openings depend on the area of the firebox. Standard sizes the chimney is 14x14 cm. With a round chimney, it can be from 8 to 14 centimeters. The chimney scheme must be worked out to the smallest detail. It is best to make it out of brick. The construction of the chimney begins with the laying of the foundation, then the installation of orders (rails) for marking the rows of masonry, after which the svarbovka (troweling) is done inner surface chimney), a cap is installed ( top part chimney) and chimney (cap).

Brick chimney

Chimney installation

Sectional chimney installation

The very first and important element in laying a fireplace is the calculation and construction of the foundation. It must be reliable and durable. We must not forget that it is impossible to make the foundation for the walls and the fireplace as one. These bases must be different, since their weight load is not the same and shrinkage will also be different over time. After the size of the foundation is calculated, they draw up a plan for the fireplace at the basement level. The width of the foundation should be five to seven centimeters more than the width of the basement row.

After the calculations, they proceed directly to pouring the foundation and laying the fireplace.

Fireplaces with a water heating circuit are very popular. To install them in suburban buildings resort to the help of welding machines.

According to external characteristics, such a fireplace is similar to a stove on legs with an exhaust outer pipe.

The heat exchanger is made at least 5 mm thick. It heats up quickly and distributes heat throughout the room. The fireplace and the water supply system are connected to it, depending on how the whole thing is done. heating system in the House. The volume of coolant, in which the entire circuit will work efficiently, is 55-85 liters. The maximum area that can be heated using a fireplace with a water circuit is 230 cubic meters. Expansion tank set within 7-11% of the total volume of the heating circuit.

Heat exchanger diagram

Fireplace with water heat exchanger

A firebox in a metal fireplace is made in two ways. It is made separately from the entire structure. A coil is inserted, and then connected to a common fireplace.

The second way is that the fireplace is made without a top cover. A fireplace base (shirt) is inserted inside and fastened, and then the coil is fixed.

You can regulate the temperature in the fireplace with the help of fuel (increase or decrease it) and with the help of a blower damper.

Fireplace without top cover

Separate firebox

If the fireplace insert is located on the same level as the radiators, then an additional circulation pump is installed. It helps the movement of cold and hot water and prevents the process of boiling the coil. The efficiency of the fireplace when using a circulation pump increases significantly. The pump is placed in the basement of the house or utility rooms.

Circulation pump

Pump process

How to do it yourself?

For everyone who wants to make a fireplace in the house with their own hands, you should use the masonry instructions. The construction of such a structure must be carried out on a prepared foundation.

At the very beginning, they prepare a pit for pouring the foundation, it should be 15-20 centimeters wider than the foundation. Its depth should not be less than 50 centimeters. The foundation can be made from both concrete and brick. Crushed stone is poured on the bottom by 10-12 cm and rammed. After they make a timber formwork and put it on the base. Next, pour the foundation and wait for it to dry. Level check the corners and smooth out all the bumps, leveling the horizontal surface.

The poured foundation for reliable fixation is left for 5-7 days. The finished foundation should be 7-8 centimeters below the floor level.

When the foundation is ready, it is covered with roofing material for waterproofing. A few days before laying, the clay is soaked for mortar. At short intervals, water is added to it and stirred. A solution would be better if cement is added to it.

The first row of bricks is laid with ribs and made solid. The subsequent rows are laid out flat.

In this article, we will talk about how to make a brick fireplace with your own hands for a private house. For greater clarity, drawings, diagrams and drawings will be attached to the text.

A good brick fireplace must meet the following requirements:

good heating of the room;
no smoke;
organic combination with the interior.

So, before you start laying out a brick fireplace with your own hands, you will need to decide on the volume and area of \u200b\u200bthe premises of the house in which you plan to build a fireplace. As an example, we will consider a room with an area of ten, fifteen, and twenty square meters, as well as with ceilings 3-3.5 meters high.

Accordingly, the volume of the premises of the house should be thirty-five, fifty and seventy cubic meters. The ratio of the furnace area to these volumes is from 1:50 to 1:70. Thus, it will be equal to 2.000–3.000–4.000 sq. cm.

Based on these indicators, the firebox portal can have the following dimensions:

2000 sq. cm - 36×45 cm.
3000 sq. cm - 44×67 cm.
4000 sq. cm - 52×77 cm.

The standard scheme for building a brick fireplace provides for a ratio between the height of the fireplace portal and the depth of the firebox in proportions of 1:2 or 1:3. Dimensions must be precisely observed, as they are critical.

If you make a firebox of greater depth, heat transfer will drastically decrease and in order to warm up the premises of the house, more fuel will be required, but if a scheme with a firebox of less depth is chosen, then smoke can become a consequence. If stick standard scheme, then in ourexample, the depth will be:

2000 sq. cm - 18–24 centimeter;
3000 sq. cm - 22–30 centimeters;
4000 sq. cm - 26–35 centimeters.

Chimney chimneys are depending on the furnace area.

Thus, the size of the chimney opening should be as follows:

2000 sq. cm;
3000 sq. cm;
4000 sq. cm.

So, when drawing up a standard scheme, the dimensions of a brick chimney should be 14×14 cm And 14×27 cm. However, if the scheme provides for the construction of a round chimney, then the chimney may have a diameter in the range of 8-14 cm. Next, you need to calculate the length of the chimney, which in our example will be 4-5 m.

Fireplace design

In order for a brick fireplace to have the best heat-reflecting ability, it is recommended to make its inner walls at an angle. In other words, the two side walls need to be turned outward, while the back wall needs to be slightly tilted forward. The slope must be done from a third of the height.

A smoke chamber should be made above the fireplace insert, and between the chamber and the firebox we release a cornice (“pass”). This element is important in that it prevents sparks and soot from flying out into the room, and also protects the house from smoke.

The dimensions of the brick are 6.5×12×25 cm, and the seams in the masonry - approximately half a centimeter.

To figure out what dimensions a brick fireplace should have, you will need to indicate its location in terms of the selected room. The best places for laying a fireplace are the end walls of the house or the inner walls at the corners of the building (corner fireplaces are a slightly different type of fireplace, so we will not consider this subspecies here).

You should not plan to build a fireplace against a wall that is located opposite a wall with windows, since if the windows are not sufficiently compacted, you risk creating drafts.

If you burn a brick fireplace for a long time, the back walls of the chimney can get quite hot, and this can cause a fire if the house is built of wood. Therefore, if such an option is nevertheless chosen, it is necessary to provide for fire prevention measures.

Having finished the preliminary calculations, it is necessary to make a drawing of the fireplace masonry, for which we take as an example a room of fifteen square meters.

The back wall must be laid out in half a brick, that is, twelve centimeters. Side walls put in one brick, i.e. 25 centimeters.

The figure shows the main fireplace dimensions in the furnace area. After determining these dimensions, we will need layer-by-layer drawings of the chimney masonry - ordering.

Orders

We begin to build a plinth with our own hands, laying out a brick for originality with an edge, although it can be done flat. From the second row, the brick lays only flat. The lower part of the firebox is made 25-30 cm from the floor - 2-3 brick rows.

Necessary materials

Since all orders (including the pipe) are ready, you can do the calculation of the amount of materials needed:

Bricks must be counted individually, bearing in mind that non-whole specimens must be counted as a solid brick. When planning to do the construction with your own hands, you should use a full-bodied stove brick.
The sand must be free from debris and dust, have a grain size in 0.2–1.5 mm. Debris and dust should be removed as far as possible. To achieve the purity of the sand, it must be placed in water and infused, replacing the water in several passes, until it becomes really light.
For laying a fireplace with your own hands, it is recommended to use Cambrian blue clay. However, if such clay is not available in your area, stove clay may be used if you have experience with its use.
For the solution you will need cement grades 300-400.
For the manufacture of concrete, which we will pour the foundation, we need crushed stone with a diameter of 2-6 centimeters.
Smoke damper.
Reinforcement bars (approximately twenty pieces) with a diameter of 8-10 and a length of 700 mm.

Work progress

Do-it-yourself fireplace construction begins with a foundation. Therefore, before building a fireplace, you need to determine the size of the foundation. The fireplace foundation should be located away from the foundation of the house, not to be connected with it in any way.

After determining the dimensions, you need to draw up a plan for the fireplace device at the basement level. Next, you need to combine it with the plan at the level of the furnace, as well as at the level of the pipe.

The width of the foundation should be the same as the width of the basement front row, but with the addition of four to six centimeters.

Foundation pouring

First thing need to prepare a hole the size (in plan) is ten to fifteen centimeters larger than the size of the foundation for the fireplace. The depth of the foundation pit should be about sixty centimeters. The foundation can be either brick or concrete. In order to decide, you can proceed from the availability of material and prices for it.
We fall asleep rubble on the bottom of the pit with a layer of ten to fifteen centimeters, which we then tamp. Check the levelness of the base.
Getting to the foundation. For example, we take concrete foundation because it is more complex. We knock down the formwork of the desired height from wooden boards ( wooden box no bottom). The walls of the box from the inside must be treated with resin or upholstered with roofing material for the purpose of waterproofing.
We install the formwork(box) on the base and fill the pre-laid stones with a solution. The composition of the solution:
- cement - 1 hour.;
- sand - 3 h.
We mix sand and cement well in a dry form, then add water and stir until the mixture becomes homogeneous, similar in consistency to thick sour cream. Then we carry out the filling and wait for readiness.
Leveling the top of the foundation, carefully smoothing out the bumps, checking the level. We cover the foundation with polyethylene and wait seven days. Only then can laying begin. It must be borne in mind that the foundation should be six to seven centimeters below the level where the clean floor is located.

Fireplace masonry

During the laying of the fireplace, it is better to first lay out the entire brick dry, and only then shift it using the mortar.
It is necessary to lay out a chimney on the roof using a sand-cement mixture.
At the point where the stone pipe exits to the roof, care must be taken to install an “otter” (vent), which will provide protection from fire hazards. To cover the same goal, an installed “barrier” will serve.

Fireplace finish

If the laying of the fireplace was carried out in a wasteland, you will need to grout the seams. In a situation where the masonry was made of brick of an unaesthetic appearance, the masonry did not like it - you can paint it without painting over the seams themselves.

Fireplaces are also finished with tiles, artificial or natural stone.

Each owner of a suburban household strives to organize comfort in his home. A special atmosphere is created by an open or closed hearth of fire, which will have a calming effect and warm in the cold months. In order to make the heat source safe and efficient, you can build a corner stove with your own hands. This will require drawings of such a structure and bricklaying skills.

What is a fireplace stove, its advantages and disadvantages

A fireplace stove is a unit or a capital structure made of fire-resistant materials that accumulates heat from a flame in the combustion chamber.

These structures are most often used as sources of heat and comfortable interior elements in cottages, country houses and private households.

Fireplace stoves have a number of advantages and disadvantages, which are expressed in the following criteria:

Table: advantages and disadvantages of fireplace stoves

Advantages

disadvantages

the design of the wall structure is designed for heating rooms up to 100 m², which makes it universal for the construction of both country houses, and suburban households;
corner design allows you to save usable space, and the displaced symmetry of the form will make it possible to choose the best option;
has a high efficiency, since heating is carried out not only as a result of convection of hot streams, but also as a result of thermal radiation. This property of the design allows you to raise the temperature inside the rooms from 0 ° C to +25 ° C for a period of time from 60 to 120 minutes.
a fireplace stove, erected in the corner of the room, will be able to heat several rooms.

if the design of the fireplace stove is not equipped with a fuel chamber door, then the heat does not linger inside, and the walls cool down quickly;
high construction cost;
for independent construction, special knowledge and skills in the construction business will be required.

Design features and principle of operation

The design of the fireplace stove consists of two main elements - the combustion chamber and the chimney system. The degree of efficiency and productivity of the heating facility depends on how accurately the ratios of their parameters are calculated.

The principle of operation of the fireplace stove is that the flame in the combustion chamber burns with the chimney open (at the upper end). Smoke removal is carried out under the influence of traction, the power of which depends on the length of the pipe. Effective heat radiation occurs during the combustion of the furnace material, but when it is burned, the heating is significantly reduced. To increase heat transfer, the fireplace stove is equipped with a convection chamber. This upgrade allows the circulation of air from the room into it, and the heated air back.

Like any capital structure, the fireplace stove has a solid foundation.

For fire safety purposes, the structure is equipped with a firebox. It is placed on the floor in front of the fireplace. For this, non-combustible materials are used - metal, stone, refractory bricks or tiles.

In accordance with fire safety standards, such a platform should be made 30–35 cm wider than the perimeter of the fireplace stove.

Above the platform there is an ash pan cavity and a fuel chamber. The space between these compartments is equipped with a grate. This increases the efficiency of the heating facility, since a place is formed under the burning furnace material for dumping the burnt material.

Designs with a closed combustion chamber are equipped with a special blower, thanks to which it is possible to change the power of heat inside the fireplace stove. This makes it possible to extend the burning time, thereby saving furnace material.

All surfaces of the fireplace stove that are in contact with an open flame are laid out with fire-resistant materials. This is necessary because the temperature in these areas of the fireplace reaches and sometimes exceeds + 1000 °C.

To enhance heat radiation, the back wall of the fireplace stove is equipped with sheets of stainless steel or cast iron. For greater heat transfer, the back wall of the combustion chamber is built at an inclination forward. Due to this, heat flows are directed towards the platform, additionally heating the floors.

Above the combustion chamber, a smoke collection chamber (hailo) is installed. It has an irregular shape, reminiscent of truncated pyramid, in front of which there is a special barrier. This barrier does not allow cold air flows to mix with combustion products, and also prevents smoke from entering the room.

The rear wall of the smoke collection chamber is equipped with a special protrusion (chimney tooth), which keeps the accumulated gas from entering the room.

The chimney tooth prevents soot from falling out into the combustion chamber. To clean this section of the fireplace stove, a door is installed near it.

The smoke collection compartment (hailo) and the chimney system are separated by a metal valve. This element serves to block the path of warm flows from the room to the outside, after the firewood burns out. The valve is also used to adjust the thrust.

The pipe of the chimney system is built according to the same principle as in other heating structures. To ensure good draft, its height must be at least 500 cm from the base of the combustion chamber.

Calculation of the main parameters

The efficiency of the fireplace stove operation depends on the correct calculation of the parameters of all its elements. A discrepancy in the calculations will lead to a significant decrease in heat transfer or part of the smoke from the combustion chamber will go into the room. Therefore, to build correct design fireplace stove, the following rules must be observed:

The size of the combustion chamber window should not be more than 2–3% of the area of the heated room.
To determine the area of the hearth surface, it is necessary to multiply the square of the furnace chamber window by 0.7.
The width of the combustion chamber is recommended to be made in the range from 20 to 40% more than its height.
To calculate the depth of the combustion chamber, you need to multiply the parameter of its height by 0.7.
The diameter or section of the chimney pipe is recommended to be at least 10% of the square of the furnace window. At the same time, its channel is not recommended to be made smaller: 150x280 mm for brick construction, with a diameter of 160 mm - for a pipe.
The chimney must be laid out in such a way that it is conical in shape.

In order not to make mistakes in the calculations, you can use ready-made tables and projects of such structures.

Calculation of bricks

To obtain an accurate calculation of bricks, you must use ready-made schemes orders. Quantity building material depends on the specific design of the fireplace stove. In the proposed schemes, half or smaller fractions of the material should be considered as whole bricks. In this case, their total number must be multiplied by 1.2.

The resulting value will make it possible to purchase material with a small margin. This is necessary because the bricks may be damaged during transportation or unloading, and some of them may be defective.

For the construction of a fireplace stove erected according to the scheme below, about 360 pieces of red brick and about 60 fireclay bricks will be required.

Calculation of the foundation and mortar for masonry

When calculating the mortar for masonry, one should be guided by the fact that with a layer thickness of 3 mm, one bucket of the mixture is required for 50 bricks.

Knowing the parameters of the material used, it is easy to calculate how much concrete and sand will be required to install the slab base.

The foundation for the corner fireplace stove will be in the form of a cylinder sector, the angle of which is 45 degrees.

To calculate the volume of concrete of this shape, you need to remember school course geometry, namely the formula for finding the volume of a cylinder, which looks like this: V=πR²h, where π is a mathematical constant expressing the ratio of the circumference to the diameter, equal to 3.14, R is the radius, h is the height of the figure.

The length of each side right angle figures can be easily calculated, knowing the parameters of the brick.

According to the masonry scheme of the rows of the fireplace stove, it can be seen that these sides have 3 lengths of the bed side of the brick and one - the bond side. On an example, it looks like this: 0.25 + 0.25 + 0.25 + 0.12 = 0.87 m. The foundation for the fireplace stove must be made on each side 10 cm more than the structure itself: 0.87 + 0.1 = 0.97 m.

For example, the height of the foundation will be 10 cm.

Now you need to substitute the values \u200b\u200binto the formula to find the volume of the cylinder. The result obtained must be divided by 4, since the sector of the cylinder has its fourth part. The formula will be: V=(π R² h):4. Substitute the values: 3.14 0.97² 0.1 \u003d 3.14 0.94 0.1 \u003d 0.295: 4 \u003d 0.073 m³ of concrete mixture will be required to pour the foundation of this form.

Video: brick corner fireplace

Necessary materials and tools

For the construction of a fireplace stove, no special equipment is required. All the necessary tools for this can be found at each owner:

Bayonet and shovel.
Big scrap.
Manual a circular saw.
Hacksaw.
Building level.
Yardstick.
Plumb.
Big square.
Rule for leveling a concrete base.
Tanks for water and masonry mixture.
Deep vibrator.
Trowel.
Mallet with a rubber striker.
Pliers.
Hammer.

To fill the foundation, you will need the following materials:

Material for waterproofing. You can use roofing material or thick polyethylene.
For the manufacture of a reinforcing lattice - reinforcing bars with a cross section of 0.8 cm.
Sand.
Fine-grained (from 20 to 30 mm) crushed stone or large screenings from granite.
For the manufacture of formwork - edged boards, plywood or OSB boards.
Concrete mix brand M 300 or M 400.
Nails and self-tapping screws to strengthen the formwork.
Wire or plastic clamps for attaching reinforcing bars.
Chamotte brick of the SHA brand 8 standard parameters.
Red refractory brick grade M 150 regular sizes.
Facing material.
Cement.
Clay.
Metal corners made of steel with a shelf width of 50x50 or 60x60 mm.
Metal latch.
Insulating heat-resistant material made of asbestos or basalt.

As a masonry mixture, it is convenient to use ready-made material from construction stores. Such mixtures are specialized for the construction of such structures.

Preparatory work, site selection

For a fireplace stove of this shape, there are not so many places to install. However, even from the four corners, it is necessary to choose the correct location.

Best for fireplace stove large room or a hall with an area of at least 20 m², since a large volume of air is required for its full operation.

Furnace specialists recommend building corner fireplace stoves at internal walls rooms. This is due to the fact that the fireplace, with this arrangement, does not lose its heating capacity, and problems with the operation of the chimney system are also excluded.

It should be noted that the fireplace stove should not be installed near doors and windows, as strong air currents arise between the combustion chamber and the opening, which can lead to loss of heat radiation or fire.

If the fireplace stove is equipped with a closed-type combustion chamber, then the draft inside the structure will be constant regardless of the place.

Do-it-yourself fireplace stove: step by step instructions

The base for the fireplace stove is most convenient to lay at the pouring stage strip foundation for home. If the house has already been built, then the installation of the foundation will be preceded by the dismantling of the flooring.

It should be taken into account that concrete base for heating installations must not be connected to the foundation of a residential building. Between the bases it is necessary to leave a distance of 50 to 100 mm. If this is neglected, then the massive structure of the house will shrink over time. As a result, the elements of the fireplace stove will shift or deform, forming cracks and gaps. The integrity of the structure will be violated, which will affect its functionality and performance.

Foundation laying

To lay the foundation, you must perform the following steps:

In the room of the house, at the place of the future location of the fireplace stove, make markings. To do this, on the wall it is necessary to make marks of the dimensions of the foundation with a marker.
disassemble flooring. Using a plumb line and a building level, extend the markup down.
Do not remove wooden logs at this stage, until the foundation of the fireplace stove is brought up to their level.
Using the same tools and marks on the wall, determine the exact location of the base on the floor of the basement level of the house.
Using crowbar and shovels to disassemble the floor to the foundation of the house.
Dig a pit, a depth equal to the base of the house, 10–15 cm wide more design fireplace stoves. If the construction site is dominated by sandy or sandy soil, the walls of the pit may crumble. To avoid this, it is necessary to cover them with polyethylene.
Level and carefully tamp the bottom of the pit.
Pour in sand to get a layer thickness of 10 cm. It should be noted that wet sand is better compressed.
Pour the same layer of gravel on top of the sand cushion.
From boards or plywood sheets, make formwork for pouring the foundation.
Drive one into each corner of the pit wooden block. Formwork panels will be attached to them. If the formwork is made of boards, then there will be gaps between them, through which the earth will spill out. To avoid this problem, you need to wrap the finished shield in polyethylene.
Using roofing material or thick polyethylene, make waterproofing.
From reinforcing bars with a cross section of 0.8 cm, make a reinforcing frame for a concrete base. Make the width of its cells no more than 10x10 cm. Fix the intersections of metal rods with wire, electric welding or plastic clamps. The entire metal structure must not lie on the waterproofing. Therefore, it can be placed on halves or fragments of bricks.
Pour concrete mixture of grade M300 or M400 into the formwork. Using a deep vibrator, remove air bubbles from the uncured substrate. liquid concrete must completely cover the protruding parts of the reinforcement cage.
Cover the foundation with waterproofing material. This will allow the concrete to set evenly. After 3-4 weeks, the base will completely harden.
Now you need to cut wooden logs gender. Their ends will be located on the foundation of the fireplace stove.
The base is ready for laying brick rows.

Masonry mix preparation

Hardware stores abound with a variety of mortars and heat-resistant mixtures for laying stoves, fireplaces and other heating structures. However, experienced furnace specialists recommend resorting to the old and proven method - using clay mortar for this purpose. For this, it is necessary to use clay of fatty varieties, the best of which is blue clay.

When dried, blue clay does not crack.

The material is pre-soaked in water for a couple of days. During this time, the clay becomes viscous. Its consistency will resemble liquid cottage cheese with lumps. In order for the material to have a uniform structure, it is filtered through a large sieve, kneading the lumps.

Prepared clay will allow you to make masonry seam thickness from 3 to 5 mm.

To obtain a solution, you need to add sand to clay. To do this, it is recommended to use coarse river sand, which is added before the start of brickwork.

To determine the quality of the resulting solution and the correct proportion, the material is rolled into a ball the size of a medium-sized apple. Then it is placed between two boards and slowly squeezed. During this process, the appearance of cracks in the clay is monitored:

if they appeared immediately after squeezing - this indicates a large number of sand in solution;
if the ball is compressed to half its height, and no cracks appear, this indicates a lack of sand;
the proportions of sand and clay are considered ideal if cracks appear when the ball is compressed by 1/3.

Step-by-step instructions: features of brickwork

In order not to get confused in the rows of masonry, even experienced stove-makers do it first without mortar. It would be useful to print the ordering scheme.

Before proceeding with the brickwork, it is necessary to cover the concrete base with waterproofing, and only after that they begin to build a fireplace stove. This process consists of several stages:

It should be noted that the first rows must be made perfectly even, as they will become the basis for the entire structure. As shown in the diagram, they are laid out in a continuous layer. Using a square, a plumb line and a building level - to achieve strict perpendicularity. Before laying, bricks must be soaked in water for 1.5 - 2 hours.
The second and third rows form a place for storing furnace material. This niche is covered with two rows of bricks with a small (up to 3 cm) overlap of the upper masonry from the front side of the fireplace stove.
Starting from the fifth row, lay out the base of the fuel chamber. To do this, use fireclay bricks. The depth of the chamber will be 460 mm. Hailo fireplace stove has dimensions (630x490 mm).
From the sixth to the eighth row, build up the walls of the fireplace stove with a slope back side furnaces. That slope in the future will form a stone tooth. At this stage, you will need a hand-held circular saw with circles for working on stone. In the ordering scheme, incomplete or sawn bricks are visible.
From the ninth to the eleventh row, build up the walls of the fireplace stove in accordance with the diagram.
In the twelfth row, lay two steel corners 60 cm long. The shelves of the corners must be placed inside the chamber, horizontally to its base.
The thirteenth and fourteenth row forms the front overlap of the firebox window. Bricks must be laid on the spoon side, while the fireclay material should be placed with inside combustion chamber.
The fifteenth row forms the transition from the firebox to the chimney system. At this stage, the smoke tooth is formed and the back wall is built.
The sixteenth and seventeenth row forms the shelf of the fireplace stove, so the bricks must be laid out with an external shift.
From the eighteenth to the twentieth row, the design provides for a narrowing. At this step, a smoke collection chamber is formed.
From the twenty-first to the twenty-fourth row, a chimney is laid out.
From the twenty-fifth to the twenty-seventh - an increase in the transition section of the chimney. At this stage, a metal valve is mounted.
Subsequent orders determine the height of the chimney.

Chimney installation features

The inner surface of the chimney is a straight channel, but its outer part has design features.

At the intersection of the floor beam, the chimney has an extension. This design element is important because it reduces the temperature of the outlet streams. As a result, there is no need to make additional thermal insulation in this place.

At the level of the intersection of the roof, the chimney has an extension. This feature protects brickwork from the harmful effects of atmospheric precipitation.

The smoke channel is also protected in the form of metal cap. It is recommended to equip the chimney with a spark arrester.

Operation features

When operating a fireplace stove, you should follow the basic rules:

Before kindling the fireplace stove, you must make sure that there is draft. To do this, you need to push the metal valve. If there is no traction or it goes to reverse direction- this is a sign of clogging of the grate, air holes or the entire chimney system.
If the fireplace stove has not been used for a long time, then before kindling, you need to remove the cold air lock in the chimney system. To do this, it is necessary to light paper or a bunch of straw near the gas channel. After a while there will be traction. After that, you can use the fireplace.
As a heating material, it is better to use aspen, birch, oak, beech or hornbeam firewood. Aspen firewood is especially valuable, since when they are burned, the amount of soot is minimized. The smoke of this type of wood is able to clean the chimney channels from soot. Furnace experts advise using aspen firewood for every tenth kindling.
Coniferous woods contain resins, so it is convenient to use shavings, chips, as well as spruce and pine cones for kindling.
It is not advisable to put a lot of firewood into the combustion chamber. The best option is loading 1/3 of its part.
The room in which the stove is located should be well ventilated. To do this, the room is equipped with a ventilation system.
If the fireplace stove is used constantly, then soot cleaning should be carried out after each heating season. If the stove is fired several times a month, cleaning can be done once every two to three years.

The fireplace stove will become a key element of the interior of the room. Warm and comfortable atmosphere will be unforgettable in cold weather. winter evenings. This functional heating facility will become the main recreation area of your home.

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