At what temperature should grapes be warmed for the winter. Plum details. Cultivation, useful properties and variety selection. How and when to open vines after winter

The variety of varieties of roses delights flower lovers, but many varieties are difficult to grow in our climate. After all, most of the regions of the country are distinguished by long, harsh winters, which not all varieties of these beautiful flowers can tolerate. Because of this, rose bushes do not withstand frost, do not have time to gain leaf mass and do not bloom, in the worst case, they completely freeze out. To prevent this from happening, the correct winter shelter of English roses is required. And which is better: remove or insulate?

Hybrid tea. These roses have a lot of colors - purple, white, orange, pink, red. AT middle lane In our country, their flowering begins only in mid-June and continues until frost. This species is characterized by poor winter hardiness, as it is able to withstand temperatures of a maximum of -10 degrees. So sheltering roses plastic bottles frost becomes mandatory. At what temperature do cut flowers freeze?

Climbing. Beautiful large-flowered varieties that reach a height of up to 3 meters. Therefore, such a plant requires a garter and warming with mulch. If the shelter of climbing varieties of roses is correct, then the bushes can winter even in the most severe climate. After freezing, they quickly recover, as they have a powerful root system and lots of thick shoots.

floribunda. This variety was obtained after crossing polyanthus, musky and hybrid tea roses. Thanks to this, the plant is resistant to diseases and, with good shelter, can withstand very coldy. Among the floribunda there are quite winter-hardy varieties that do not require shelter, but most of them do not withstand the first frost. Winter shelter of floribunda roses with wood chips is a must, as many varieties are sensitive to even minimal frosts.

Park. perfect roses for spacious areas, as they give wide and tall bushes with a mass of bright buds. For the winter, only species varieties are covered with spruce branches, that is, wild roses, which are distinguished by large, double flowers. Also in this group there are many non-covering varieties from Canadian selection, which are quite winter-hardy and do without shelter. The only condition is that the site must be protected from strong wind and well lit.

Miniature. Beautiful, undersized flowers that stand out abundant flowering, good breeding and include more than 2000 varieties and hybrid forms. The height of the bushes is not more than 25 cm, they are compact and well leafy, grow well in open field, but can adapt to room content. If the temperature on the site in winter is more than -10 degrees, then the preparation and shelter of mini roses with caps becomes a mandatory event.

Preparing the rose garden for wintering

Before the shelter of decorative roses in the garden is completed, the bushes must be prepared.

Spring pruning. This manipulation is necessary for the health and further growth of the flower. If this is not done, then in the spring a thick, ugly, weak and tangled bush will grow. Thanks to summer pruning, it produces many healthy, young shoots and blooms profusely. After wintering, when the buds swell on the branches, the bush is cut to wake up. Do this work before the appearance of the first leaves. First, cut off all diseased and dead branches, as well as those that rub against each other.

Care. If the climate is quite warm, and frosts do not fall below -20, then winter shelter of white roses is not required. However, if the bushes are planted in windy areas, then the plants must be protected, otherwise their ground part will completely freeze. When the climatic temperature in winter is down to -30 degrees and lasts for a rather long period, hilling and sheltering roses is important. The first step in this business is to fill the earth around the root collar of the bush to make an earthen mound. They are also covered with wood shavings, sand and soil around the bush to a height of about 30 cm. If necessary, Gallica roses are surrounded by a wire mesh and covered with special material to protect them from the wind. These measures are carried out before frost and, if snow has not fallen, since at a temperature of -3 degrees, lesions after frost will appear on the neck of the plant. For hilling, soil from another bed is used so as not to expose the roots of the flower. When the earth mound freezes, it is sprinkled with a layer of mulch, which will prevent rapid freezing and thawing of the soil.

Top dressing. As a top dressing for the winter, a special solution is prepared, which consists of 25 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium sulfate, 2.5 g boric acid. Dilute this composition in a bucket of water and water, spray the bush. If desired, the plant is sprayed with a solution of superphosphate and monophosphate, which are taken in equal proportions. For 30 liters water is coming 15 g of each of the substances.

Drug processing. So that the flower does not get sick in the spring, it is sprayed with a solution of three percent vitriol. Bordeaux liquid. Before spraying, it is cut off, removing all diseased parts and dead wood.

Ways to protect flowers at their summer cottage in the cold season

Sawdust. The first thing they start with sheltering roses for the winter with their own hands is to sprinkle the neck of the bush with dry sawdust, at least one bucket per plant. To prevent sawdust from scattering and holding snow, they are pressed with branches.

Houses. For these purposes, a frame is constructed from roofing material, having the shape of a cone. The result is a tripod, inside which there will be enough space for a rose bush. After the shelter is established, it is sprinkled with peat.

Net. Shelter of roses is made with dry leaves that cover the lower part of the bush. From above, border roses are covered with a net so that the leaves do not scatter due to the wind. Sometimes garden batting or Dornit geotextiles are used for these purposes, but only in cases where the winter is very cold.

Arcs. A similar shelter for Canadian roses is suitable for climbing varieties of breeding. In this case, the branches are removed from the support, cut off and bent to the ground, securing with arcs. From above they are covered with peat. In such a shelter, the bush does not rot and is not exposed to all sorts of diseases that can develop in rotten leaves or straw. Such bending and sheltering of roses is performed before frost, since after frost their stems become brittle, the trunk is black. You can see the methods of hiding in the photo and video in this article or on the forum. How to keep flowers at home in pots and a bouquet in a vase?

Air dry shelter

This shelter of roses by Nina Weibul and grapes is the most reliable, but the most time-consuming. To do this, they build over a bush special frame from sheets of plywood or boards, and from above it is covered with rags, lutrasil or plastic wrap. Such shelter is allowed only in severe frosts, otherwise the bush will get wet or get sick. When constructing such a structure, it is necessary to provide for maximum snow loads, otherwise finished house collapse.

The height of the structure should be 10-15 cm higher than the shrub. The main advantage of this design is that Stromboli roses do not fade in it, and in spring the temperature inside can be adjusted by opening its doors. Such a shelter is intended for hybrid tea varieties and floribunda. This type of protection from the cold keeps the temperature inside down to -4 degrees, it is well ventilated, which is very important for the growth of the plant.

To make an air-dry shelter, you need to start by weaving a frame from metal rods or wire, the structure is about 60 cm high. The rose bush is enclosed in the form of a cone, and a heater is pulled on top, which is used as cardboard, lutrasil, glassine or geotextiles. The material is fixed with twine. From above, the finished house is covered with plastic wrap, which will not let moisture and precipitation to the roots of the plant. The lower part of the film is covered with earth. If it is not possible to make such a frame, then containers with holes for air are used for these purposes. After frost sets in, the containers are covered with foil. What are the dates when it is time to remove and open covers in the spring with hydrangeas, coniferous plants, seedlings and trees?

Jute bags for plants

This type of shelter is used for standard roses.

Most the best way for the wintering of such roses and gladioli - this is their landing in tubs, which are lowered into cold cellar. However, very often they are planted directly in the ground, and jute bags are used to protect them from frost and wind. It is enough to put a bag on the crown of the bush and tie it at the place of growth. The inside of the bag is filled with dry foliage, only after that it is tied at the top. When creating this shelter, special attention should be paid to the air gap. It is important to exclude the contact of the material and the plant, as the bush may dry out during the thaw.

Before making a shelter for stamp roses, they are pruned, removing all underdeveloped and dry branches. It is also very important to remove all remaining leaves, as pathogens may be present in the cuttings and harmful insects. In order to prevent the rose bush from getting sick with bacterial and fungal diseases in the spring, it is sprayed with Maxim, Fundazol, copper and iron sulphate before wintering.

The advantages of jute bags include the fact that they can be used not only for warming red roses, but also for technical or household purposes. They are suitable for transporting and storing foodstuffs such as seeds, nuts or grains in the basement. Jute bags do not require special care, they are easy to wash or darn if damaged. Such products can be used for advertising purposes if the logo, inscriptions or company seals are applied to the bags. Jute decomposes in the soil and does not poison it, as it is an environmentally friendly product. It passes air well and gives the plant the necessary oxygen. And jute bags are used for decorative purposes.

Shield protection of roses for the winter

This type of shelter is intended for climbing rose Swan Lake, which remains with leaves for the winter. If severe frosts come, then the petioles and leaves are removed, otherwise they rot and infect young buds with the disease. Work begins with the preparation of a non-thorny bush. To do this, it is tied into a bundle and bent to the side in the direction of the branches. If they are directed in the opposite direction, the bark will crack. Further, spruce branches are spread on the ground, which will protect against rodents. The bush is pinned to the ground with metal arcs in several places.

Then two shields are knocked down from a tree, the length of which will be equal to the height of the bush, that is, no more than a meter. Shields are placed in the form of a house, fortified with pegs in the ground. This is necessary so that the snow does not stagnate on the structure, but slides down. Finished construction covered with polyethylene, and its ends are well wrapped, the edges of the film are covered with earth. If the soil has not yet frozen, the film in the end part is lifted for ventilation, and closed with the onset of frost. When the winter is warm, the corners of the ends are slightly opened for ventilation, which contributes to a good wintering of the plant.

In most cases, shield protection is used in beds where Flamentanz roses grow in rows. If the rose bush is in the center of the flower bed, and perennials grow nearby, then such a structure will damage them. In this situation, a completely different cover of Albertine roses is made. At first, the lashes of the bush are tied with twine, and then they are fastened with pegs that are hammered directly into the ground. The result is a column. Next, they make metal carcass in the form of a pyramid and put it around the plant. Such a shelter does not come into contact with the branches; there must be enough free space in it.

" Grape

Each gardener uses his own methods of sheltering grapes to protect them from frost. However, when performing work, many mistakes are made, which leads to freezing of the vine or its overheating. Below in this article we will look at how to prepare grapes for shelter for the winter, what material to choose for this and how to cover young and mature plantings.

Before getting ready young grapes by winter, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the characteristics of the variety and its features. Among existing varieties There are plants resistant to low temperatures and very sensitive to coolness. In addition, an important factor is the climate of the region where the crop is grown. Based on the information collected, a plan of preparatory measures should be built.

The southern regions are characterized by a mild climate, so frost-resistant grape varieties are not wrapped up for the winter.

The winter hardiness of plants indicates their ability to endure unfavorable conditions. weather during the cold season. All varieties are classified according to this indicator into the following types:

• unstable to low temperatures (do not even withstand frost down to -10 °);
• unstable, able to survive the cold down to -15-17 ° (with the preservation of eyes up to 100%);
• moderately resistant (up to -21°), retaining eyes up to 40-60%;
• with increased stability (up to -25-27°) while maintaining eyes 60-80%;
• highly resistant (up to -27-28°) while maintaining eyes up to 80-100%.

Any grape variety should be prepared for winter, only the list of activities will vary in each individual case. When compiling a list of works, it is worth considering that the roots are more susceptible to freezing than the vine. In the same way, the bush itself tolerates cold in different ways: an age plant has increased resistance, unlike young growth.

If the grapes are not prepared for winter, the first frosts can destroy them.

In regions with unfavorable climatic conditions, wrapping bushes is considered a necessity, because the indicators often fall below -30 °. Plants cannot do without warming. It is also worthwhile to provide for the shelter of the root system of crops growing on sandy soils, where there is a high percentage of freezing of the vine.

How to properly protect a plant

Before we talk about when to harvest grapes for the winter, let's talk about preparation. At the end of the season, a number of activities are carried out aimed at restoring the vitality of the vineyard to ensure survival in conditions of frost and strong winds.

Autumn processing of the vine and preparation for pruning

The first thing that people pay attention to after picking the bunches is the condition of the vine. On a bald shrub, you can easily see all the damage and lesions. The plant at this stage must be processed, even if during the inspection no signs of disease or the presence of insects were found. Spraying will help to avoid the development of various infections, as a result of which the bush does not stand the test in winter and dies.

If serious damage to the branches was not found, then it is enough to carry out preventive spraying with a solution blue vitriol, Bordeaux liquid or urea. If signs of the disease are found, more drastic measures should be resorted to - treatment with chemical preparations.

You should not be afraid of chemistry, because by the time of the next season, all toxic components decompose and are completely removed from the soil. Future Harvest will be completely safe. But to save the life of the vine without special means it will be extremely difficult, especially when it comes to mildew or oidium. Popular fungicides include:

• Ridomil;
• Amistar;
• Fundazol and others.

Autumn spraying of plants solves several problems at the same time:

• • increases the immunity of the culture;
  • destroys larvae, harmful microorganisms and bacteria hidden under the bark;
  • localizes the focus of infection;
  • replenishes the deficiency of useful microelements.

Pruning before covering

After the leaves fall (after a couple of weeks), they begin to trim the bushes. The autumn procedure for the plant is less traumatic, because the process of movement of juice along the vine is suspended at this stage. In addition, over the winter, the cut will have time to stiffen.

Pruning of young shoots is aimed at the formation of a bush. For this, a certain scheme is selected. From the vines growing from the ground at an angle, 3-8 sleeves are left. If you perform the procedure annually, there will be no problems with pruning. But with an adult plant you will have to tinker, especially if it has not previously been cleaned and thinned. Following simple rules, even the most neglected shrub can be put in order.

• • • • From perennial sleeves, remove young shoots that have appeared at a height of up to half a meter from ground level. This must be done in the first decade of September.
      • Then the level is cut from 50 cm to 1 m from the ground surface. On all young processes, the tip must be removed (up to 10% of the total length). Side stepchildren are also superfluous on the bush, they should be removed.
      • In the middle of October, approximately when all the leaves fall, you need to choose the most developed shoots (2-3) at a height of up to 1 m from the ground.
      • Cut off the lower process formed from the outer sleeve, retaining 3-4 eyes. Thus, a substitution knot will be obtained.
      • The shoot located on the opposite side is cut off with the preservation of 5-12 eyes. This will form a fruit arrow.

After such pruning, only powerful perennial boles and sleeves with buds will remain on the plant, which in the new season will be thrown out by young shoots and brushes.

autumn pruning vineyard in front of shelter

Fertilizing, watering and pruning in the garden

Irrigation after harvest is carried out if necessary. Do not water the bushes during heavy rainfall. If the weather spoils with steady heat and dry weather, then it is simply necessary to saturate the soil with moisture. In October, they do only one thing, but abundant moisture. At this point, irrigation work is stopped until the next season.

At the end of the fruiting period, grape bushes are completely emptied, and top dressing nutrients would be very appropriate. The plant needs to gain strength to survive in the winter. In autumn, a young vine is necessarily enriched with organic matter (compost, humus, a mixture of peat and wood ash), an adult culture is fed once every 3-4 years. In feeding, it is important to observe a sense of proportion, with grapes it is better to underfeed than to oversaturate it with various microelements.

autumn watering necessary in case of dry autumn

At what temperature is shelter needed?

Unstable grape varieties in without fail covered with a protective layer for the winter. The same procedure is performed with plants grown in harsh climates. If the vine is not insulated and covered, then the first persistent frosts will cause the death of the plant. Annual shoots are especially sensitive to low temperatures, so they are wrapped up, even if the variety is frost-resistant.

Timing to warm the grapes before the cold

Hurry to close the bushes is not worth it. At warm weather grapes can resist. A humid environment often provokes the development of the fungus. But at the same time, tightening is also unacceptable, because even small frosts are dangerous for unstable varieties. The optimal time for the construction of protection falls at the end of October. But to a greater extent, it is worth focusing on weather conditions, only they indicate the need to speed up the process.

AT northern regions preparation is planned for the end of September - the beginning of October. And in the southern part of the country and the middle lane, the period of preparation for winter falls at the end of October - the beginning of November. The main thing is to have time to finish everything before the first frost.

Shelter period of grapes - October

Necessary materials

Along with the usual covering materials, it is recommended to use agrofibre. Thin and light tightly perfectly passes moisture, retains ultra-violet rays. When in contact with plants, there are no dangers; agrofibre does not contain toxic substances, which confirms its environmental friendliness.

One of the advantages of the material is the ability to carry out thermoregulation, even at low temperatures, a positive temperature is established under such a shelter.

The insulation will last more than one season, if you fix it correctly and carefully unpack the grape lash in the spring. And the main advantage lies in the ease of use of the canvas, it is enough to cover the vine and sprinkle everything with soil.

Along with agrofibre, a film is used. There are several options for creating a shelter, but they all require constant supervision and presence. During the thaw film material needs to be opened to allow air to circulate. Otherwise, the grapes can rest.

The essence of creating a shelter is to install a small frame made of thick wire and cover it with polyethylene. This method is suitable for regions of the middle zone, where frosts do not exceed 20 °.

Spunbond refers to modern materials, possessing thermal insulation characteristics.It well passes air moisture. It is used both on the frame and as a wrapping fabric (similar to agrofibre).

Ways to cover whips in winter

There are several ways to hide the vine, which makes it possible to pick up best option.

dry shelter

With this method, the whip is tied closer to the root zone and leans towards the ground (an interval of 10-30 cm is observed). With the help of metal brackets, the position of the vine is fixed. The lower part is abundantly covered with sawdust or dry leaves, and the surface is covered with a film. The edges are tightly reinforced with bricks or stones so that the wind does not blow away the shelter.

Partial closure

This method involves hilling the bushes, and partially wrapping the material of that part that is closer to the soil. This approach is more suitable for the middle zone, where frosts do not fall below 25 °.

Earth insulation

This method is used more often than others. The bottom line is digging a trench and immersing a connected whip into it. In order not to damage the vine and avoid freezing, it is recommended to cover the branches first with boards, and then dig in with soil. The layer thickness should be 20 cm.

The method using powdering with soil is popular due to its simplicity and the absence of additional costs for work.

House way

Covering the house is not difficult. It is also considered a low-cost measure and is used mainly in small farms. To create protection, you will need to prepare shields (150x30 cm), attach loops to them with inside and cover with roofing felt for waterproofing.

The essence of the method is to place the vine on the shield, the other two are fixed with loops, forming a triangle. The roofing material is attached from the inside, preventing the penetration of precipitation onto the whip. The advantages of the method: the absence of contact between the branches and the soil, the air gap that has arisen between the bush and the house.

The main mistakes of beginners

When sheltering a vine, gardeners often make mistakes that can make protection ineffective or lead to the death of a bush.

• • • • Creating a shelter for the vine, the soil is raked out from under the root system of the grapes. As a result, the roots freeze. If the lash needs to be sprinkled with soil, it must be taken in a free area.
      • When fixing the covering material that wraps the vine, make a weak strapping. At the first gusty winds, the protection flies off the branches, leaving the vine without insulation. Experienced gardeners it is recommended, in addition to reliable tying of the vine, to install snow retention - boards made of wood or iron, installed with a peg around the bush.
      • Carried away by the insulation of the vine, many forget about the roots, and they are most vulnerable to low temperatures. Therefore, you need to rake up the soil under the bush, sprinkle dry leaves or peat.
      • Before creating a shelter, the bush does not undergo processing. Under the covering material, insects and bacteria actively multiply, reducing the chances of the plant surviving.
      • Some gardeners lay out a layer of insulation between the soil and the vine. This is a gross mistake, the earth warms the bush. But on the surface, such protection is simply necessary.
      • If you wrap the grapes ahead of schedule or later, then protection will create more problems plant. The optimal period is considered to be the end of October.

Ways to protect against mice and rodents

The vine, laid close to the ground, can become a delicacy for rodents, so it is important to protect and preserve wintering grapes. Gardeners recommend choosing one of the following options.

• • • • Mechanical traps are installed around the perimeter fruit bushes to catch rodents. These can be ordinary five-liter plastic containers or glass bottles to which a little vegetable oil is added.
      • Poisonous chemicals represent the most effective method pest control. Among the popular: Difenacin, Brodifacoum, Flocumafen.
      • Repellers belong to humane ways rodent control. The bottom line is to establish containers with a certain substance along the perimeter of the bush, the aroma of which repels mice and rats. Among the known smells: kerosene, Vishnevsky ointment, naphthalene, liquid smoke and others to help save the vines in the garden.

Judging by the above recommendations, preparatory work is not a difficult task, even a beginner can handle it. If you have questions, it is better to seek the advice of specialists. They can not only explain, but also help warm young grapes for wintering in the garden.

Many beginners ask questions at what temperature the vineyard should be covered for the winter in the middle lane. Some believe that the vineyard should be covered at the first sign of sub-zero temperatures, others believe that the vineyard should be covered no earlier than negative temperature more than -6-7 C. We will tell in the article how we cover the grapes for the winter in the middle lane, in what time frame and with what.

Experienced growers note that the period of shelter of a plant directly depends on the condition and age of the vineyard. Let's consider two optimal terms:

1. Sheltering of the vineyard after persistent frosts is carried out if the vines of the vineyard are characterized as healthy, matured on the fruit-bearing sleeves of the vineyard, then such a vineyard is best placed under winter shelter after the first frost. In such bushes, the first sub-zero temperatures activate chemical and biological processes in the vines, which trigger the mechanism responsible for increasing resistance to sharp negative temperatures. So, a peculiar procedure for hardening the vines is carried out, aimed at resistance to winter hardiness.
2. The shelter of a vineyard in the middle lane often proceeds according to the principle - strong, healthy plant bushes are hardened before shelter, young and weak grape plants are protected. Shelter before the onset of the first frost is required for:

• seedlings;
• grapes in the first year
• in the second year, if the vines and buds of the grapes are not yet strong;
• a bush that was overloaded with a crop;
• a weak vineyard due to disease;
• vineyard with a low varietal index of frost resistance.

When sheltering a vineyard for the winter, you cannot create insulating layer between the ground and the sheltered part of the vineyard. The soil is an active source of heat for the plant throughout the winter. The layer of insulation created between the soil and the vineyard will nullify the whole point of winter shelter.

Disadvantages of early and late cover of mature vines

Timely shelter of grapes will allow you to save even the weakest grape bushes and destroy perennial healthy plant grapes with improper observance of the terms of shelter of the plant for the winter period. The main disadvantages of early and late shelter of grapes are presented in the table:

Cons of early hiding	Cons of late shelter
The vines of the vineyard do not have time to accumulate useful material. Such a plant becomes too weak and not ready for overwintering.	The buds on the vines freeze. The vines of such a plant, most likely, will not bloom in the spring, and the growth of the plant will begin from the basal neck.
Grape vines first fog up, then simmer in shelter, which creates favorable soil for the development of fungal diseases.	The phase of forced dormancy will lengthen, the buds will begin to germinate only at the end of February, instead of the beginning of January.

Tip #1 In the middle lane, the grapes are ready for shelter at the end of October. Many growers recommend focusing on weather conditions, which annually undergo changes and are unstable.

Method for increasing the winter hardiness of grapes

young plant grapes are covered when the night air temperature reaches -2..-3C

Vine growers increase the winter hardiness of grapes through the hardening procedure and proper ripening of the grapes. Growers note that the hardening procedure is necessary for strong healthy grape vines, since even such plant bushes are not able to withstand low temperatures while under cover.

The main stages of preparation during the growing season and ripening of grapes:

• During the growing season, pay special attention to the load of grape bushes. If necessary, remove excess shoots and thin out vine bushes in order to prevent them from being overloaded with crops. Bushes bearing a large amount of crop closer to the winter period become weakened with a minimum amount of nutrient reserves.
• On the initial stage vegetation needs to be fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers. In the middle and end of the growing season, fertilize the grapes with phosphorus and potassium. Read also the article: → "".
• Conduct in a timely manner preventive measures to protect grape bushes from diseases and pests
• With active fruiting, ripe bunches should be removed in a timely manner, this will improve the process of ripening of young shoots.
• Go through the hardening procedure before sheltering grape bushes for the winter.

Sheltered grape varieties are able to withstand sub-zero temperatures down to -12..-13C

The main stages of hardening grapes before shelter:

• The first stage is considered forced hardening, since the temperature at this stage reaches 0 marks. At this temperature, the bushes do not require shelter.
• The second stage is caused by temperature from 0 to -5..-6C. If we are talking about young grape plants, then they should be covered with special material already at temperatures down to -3C. At temperatures below -3C, young plants are hardened as follows - the covering material is slightly opened on both sides for no more than 30-40 minutes for 6-7 days. Stop the hardening procedure as soon as the air temperature approaches -6C.

Tip #2 More mature bushes are hardened at temperatures from 0 to -6C for one week without shelter. If the temperature exceeds -6C for 6-7 days, then the remaining days the bushes are hardened under a light covering material.

Overview of the main winter shelters of grapes

Snow more than 30-35 cm is able to protect the vineyard vines from severe frosts

Consider the main types of shelters, as well as their main advantages and disadvantages. An overview of shelters will allow you to choose the most suitable way wintering grapes.

Method 1. Sheltering grapes with a thick layer of snow

This is the best option for sheltering vineyards in the Urals and Siberia. This method is characterized as the simplest of all existing methods. Snow is used as a shelter, as it is a reliable insulation.

The owner of the grapes only needs to spend standard procedure associated with the removal of vines from the trellis, gently press them to the ground and fix them with staples, the rest of the work will be done by nature itself. This method is suitable for regions in which the winter period proceeds with large quantity snowfall.

Method 2. Vineyard shelter with spruce branches

This method of shelter is ideal for medium floors and snowy regions. It requires removing the vines from the trellis and bending the bushes to the soil. Before sheltering with spruce branches, long vines are twisted around the base of the grapes with gentle movements. Spruce branches are covered with a height of 20-30 cm for the middle strip, for regions with more harsh winter spruce branches are covered with a thick layer of snow, on top of which another layer of spruce spruce branches is laid out.

Spruce spruce branches accumulate heat, are breathable, as a result of which young grape bushes do not overheat

Method 3. Sheltering grape bushes with soil from the aisle

Also requires the removal of vines from the trellis. Laying is carried out in special dug deep trenches. The depth of the trench for sheltering vines should be 30-35 cm. The width of the trench should correspond to the diameter of the bunched vines.

Stacked bunches of vines in prepared trenches are covered with soil from the aisle. The soil in the aisles is harvested from early autumn, and the names are mixed with compost and other organic fertilizers. Grape vines are covered with an earthen rampart, which rises 20-25 cm above the level of the general soil of the site.

Method 4. Dry method of sheltering vines

This method is widely used in central Russia. The removed vines from the trellis are pressed in bunches to the soil, laid along the row and covered with a thermally insulating and moisture-proof material. The first material includes straw, fallen pine needles, spruce branches and dry wood shavings.

The second type of material includes dark film, fiberglass, roofing material or linoleum, and slate sheets are also used. As the first layer, a thermal insulation layer is laid out in a thick layer, then covered with a moisture-proof material. The sides are sprinkled with soil or props are used.

The table presents the above methods of sheltering vine bushes for the middle lane and snowy regions, as well as the main pros and cons of each method, which will allow you to choose the most appropriate method for sheltering a vineyard.

Ways	snow cover	spruce branches	Soil from row spacing	dry shelter
"+" and "-"
Advantages	Does not require effort and other material costs. Effective natural insulation	Ideal for sheltering young and old vines	Reliably protects young and mature vines. Does not require financial costs	Protects against sudden changes in low temperatures. Prevents formation of condensate, in conditions of high humidity. Allows you to close large vineyards
disadvantages	Only suitable for snowy regions. In the absence of the required amount of snow, the vines of the vineyard freeze.	Applicable for not a large number bushes of grapes, due to the difficulty of extracting a large amount of spruce branches.	A laborious way to cover a large vineyard. There is a possibility of damage to the kidneys when embanking dense soil.	Requires physical effort and financial costs

Three main ways to shelter grape seedlings for the winter

In order to ensure maximum protection grape seedlings from frost and frost, it is necessary to build a special winter shelter, which is produced by the following methods:

1. Hilling. Around the seedling spud the soil, forming high earthen rollers. open upper part covered with ruberoid.
2. Shelter seedling half. This method allows you to cover only the closest part of the plant to the soil. shelter thin layer soil, straw, wood shavings and thick cloth.
3. Shelter of the seedling completely. The seedling is covered with a cut plastic eggplant, sprinkled with earth, and covered with straw on top.

🎥 Video lecture from Valeriy “A time-tested way to shelter grapes”

The expert explains step by step an effective and simple method of sheltering grapes ⇓.

How and when to open vines after winter

Prevents overripe vines of vineyard bushes, eliminates the wetting of the bush as a whole due to the products.

Grape bushes are recommended to be opened after the complete melting of the snow cover, usually this period is closely interconnected with the period of early spring pruning. The process of extracting bushes from the shelter depends on the method of sheltering and the materials that were used.

For example, with the method of covering grapes with soil from the aisle, when removing an earthen rampart and digging bushes from a trench, it is necessary to use a shovel very carefully, since there is a high probability of damaging the vines and buds.

In central Russia, experienced growers recommend opening a vineyard in early April. In regions with long winter period grapes should be opened in early May. From April to May, grape bushes should be slightly opened, especially in sunny weather, so that the plant is ventilated and adapted to new temperature conditions.

With the threat of spring frosts, grape bushes should be covered with a light film. At night, the bushes are best kept under the film, during the day in clear weather, open slightly for several hours. The maintenance of bushes under the film lasts until the night and morning frosts stop completely. After removing the film, the vines of grapes are installed on the trellis.

Frequently asked Questions

Question number 1. We have several bushes of grapes growing on our site - some bushes are already abundantly bearing fruit, others are at the first year stage. Can they be covered for the winter at the same time?

It is possible only if the more mature vines are characterized as weakened, for example, after harvesting a rich harvest or after a disease. If adult bushes are strong and healthy, then young bushes can be covered with several layers of light spunbond material before the onset of stable frosts. With the onset of severe frosts, young plants are covered along with other grape bushes.

Question number 2. How to protect sheltered grapes from melt water?

Before shelter, the grape bushes are covered with plastic wrap, and covered with roofing material on top, on top of which they are covered with slate sheets. A layer of soil from 10 to 20 cm is laid out between the roofing material and slate.

Question number 3. Is it necessary to monitor the layer of snow that covered the grapes?

Question number 4. Why can't you take the soil under the vines?

When taking the soil under the grape bushes, there is a risk of exposing the roots, which will lead to the death of the entire plant.

Question number 5. Why leave vents during the shelter of the grapes?

The products provide ventilation, which prevents the formation of excess moisture and condensate. Otherwise, there is a possibility of rotting of the roots, as well as overheating of the buds and shoots.

The main mistakes of novice winegrowers when sheltering grapes in the middle lane

Spunbond SUF 40 is considered a light covering material for grape bushes.

1. The timing of the shelter of the vineyard was chosen incorrectly.
2. They did not carry out the procedure for preparing grape vines for their shelter for the winter.
3. The method of sheltering the vineyard does not correspond to the region.
4. They made a shelter for the vineyard without the formation of vents.

Covering vineyard bushes with laminate. To shelter grape bushes, a material such as wood chips and straw. Unfortunately, such material is not always available at hand. The annual extraction of covering material is too troublesome for some.

The best option for a material that will provide reliable thermal insulation for young and old vines of a vineyard is laminate in rolls. This material meets all the requirements for keeping warm, because it is made of polystyrene, which is characterized by low thermal conductivity and at the same time good air permeability.

How to use laminate in rolls when sheltering vines:

1. Remove the vines from the trellis, bundle them and lay them along the trellis.
2. Unwind a roll of laminate over the bushes laid along, press the edges of the laminate to the ground with stones, and sprinkle with a thick layer of soil on top. end faces should be left open for ventilation. This method of sheltering grapes can be used in the middle lane and more northern regions.

In order to grow grapes for a long time and constantly receive high yields planting material, it must be covered for the winter. Grapes are a southern culture, so it is difficult to endure severe frosts.

Shelter of a grape bush for the winter

Grape Care: Shelter

Sharp temperature changes in different climatic regions can deprive you of a grape harvest for many years. To avoid similar situations grapes are covered for the winter, especially for young and fragile seedlings. It is not enough just to cover the grapes, this process has its own characteristics.

In stable conditions, the vineyard can safely endure a drop in temperature to sixteen degrees below zero. If the grape varieties are not cold-resistant, then a further decrease in temperature can provoke the death of the eyes. When the temperature drops to minus twenty, all the eyes of the vineyard die on a bush of any age category.

The root of the vineyard is a less stable part of the plant, because it is scrupulous even when it drops to minus six degrees, at this temperature a certain part of the root dies off. Violation of the integrity of the grape bush is a failure in the nutrition of the whole plant. If the ground area of ​​the plant is subject to regeneration, then the root freezes / dies completely and irrevocably.

There are two types of vine:

• covering;
• non-covering.

Covering grapes with earth for the winter

Depending on its endurance, it is covered or not, but too much frost or climate instability suggests shelter and resistant varieties grapes.

For growing regions where temperature regime remains within minus sixteen, cultivation without shelter is acceptable, for frost-resistant varieties cultivation without shelter is acceptable even within minus twenty degrees.

cultivation

Having defined climatic features that are characteristic of winter in your area, you are prepared for shelter correctly, and are protected from unnecessary and unnecessary work.

Growing grapes is facilitated by the fact that they are grown in a region where the climate is stable and temperature differences are known. To prevent unpleasant incidents, you should cover the grapes in advance, anticipating possible temperature fluctuations.

Before taking shelter, they prepare the vineyards for waiting out the cold. To prepare, do the following:

1. Remove the bush from the support.
2. Remove any unnecessary sections of grapes by pruning.
3. Treat the plant with prophylactic agents.
4. Pour in plenty of water.
5. Place pesticides near the planting material as needed.

Cover vineyards if they are still young or unstable. Grape hybrids are very susceptible to frost. You can cover the vineyard in three ways: hilling the planting material, covering it halfway or completely.

The scheme of sheltering the vine in full. a - earth; b - organic layer

Shelter methods

Spud one-year-old seedlings. If the climatic conditions of the growing region are gentle, then any grapes can be spudded. The lower part of the plant is covered with a layer of earth, which is the best way to protect the plant from frost. The height of the insulation should reach twenty-five centimeters, and not less than ten. This technique protects the root, but does not prevent the ground layer of the plant from freezing.

Half-covering is the method followed by covering part of the plant. located in close proximity to the ground: head, sleeves and the beginning of shoots. Other parts of the plant are wrapped with different insulating materials. Dry grass, cloth or film is used for shelter. The thickness of the insulation material should be close to four centimeters. This is how both types of grapes are covered.

Before the grapes are insulated, they are removed from the support and cleaned of shoots, excess green cover and all foliage. The plant is folded conveniently and adjacent to the ground. All possible rags are used for insulation. They cover the landing and wrap it with a film on top. After wrapping the film, make sure that it does not come into contact with the plant and there is no greenhouse effect.

Before sheltering for the winter, the grapes are removed from the support and cleaned of shoots, excess green cover and all foliage.

Fix the insulation material together with the plant to the ground and sprinkle it with earth, with a layer of about thirty centimeters. More likely to not die planting material, giving him complete shelter for the winter. Other methods do not give one hundred percent plant protection.

If, despite all forethought, it was not possible to cover the plant and protect it from the cold, you need to give the grapes first aid. Press the plant to the ground and cover it with earth. To protect the plant during harsh winters, fires are sometimes lit nearby.

Proper preparation for cold weather allows you to keep the plant in a healthy state without loss. The young seedling has the highest susceptibility to cold. It must be covered regardless of natural stability. For insulating materials, it is possible to use anything.

Pine needles are often used to warm the root system. It is scattered around the root area at a distance of up to half a meter from the cut grapes, a film is laid on top of the needles. On the sides of the film sprinkled with earth. Most importantly, prune the plant before covering. Depending on the selected insulation material, treat the plant with vitriol.

To keep the plants in a healthy state and maintain a consistently high yield of the material, it is necessary to warm it for the winter, regardless of the resistance of the grapes to the cold. insulation material you can choose depending on personal preferences, so as not to risk planting, it is better to cover the grapes completely: the root system and the plant itself.

Grape care includes many nuances, but if you follow all the requirements and methodically, it will not turn out to be difficult for you. Cover grapes regardless of their frost tolerance qualities.

In order for the grapes to survive the cold, you need to take care of it. Experienced grape growers know that there are varieties that can easily overwinter, and some that need to be covered.

Shelter of grapes for the winter is necessary when the temperature reaches -21 degrees. Then even the most frost-resistant varieties need warming. Some species tolerate temperatures down to -16 well, and you can not cover them.

Sheltering the vines in advance, even before the onset of frost, will help save the daily labor of long cultivation and ensure a good harvest next year.

Some parts of the plant are more resistant to frost, for example, thick trunks and roots, but thin branches do not tolerate low temperatures well, and if they are poorly covered, there is a risk of losing fruitfulness and freezing the buds.

To prepare the grapes for shelter for the winter, you need to start warming in September. Particular attention should be paid to shoots growing the first year. It is necessary to properly prepare them for warming: stop watering when the berries ripen on them, and do not use nitrogenous fertilizers. To get started you need cut small branches after harvest. Those shoots that have not matured during the season must be cut off completely.

Around the middle of September start active watering especially for light soils. Dry land in winter freezes much stronger and faster. To saturate the ground well for winter, you need to calculate watering.

Lunar calendar of the gardener and gardener for today

It should be at least 15–20 buckets of water per plant bush. The result will be a greenhouse effect in winter - water from the ground will rise and evaporate, warming sheltered plants.

Some experienced gardeners give this advice: leave the grapes uncovered in the first frosts, so that " harden off young shoots, and then proceed to the very shelter of the plant. But at the same time, the temperature in the region during the first frosts should not fall below 6 degrees.

Right before warming the shrub, you need to collect all the vines that remain after pruning, and tie them into small bundles. Branches should be bent to the ground and laid horizontally to the ground. So that the kidneys do not mold and do not rot, it is better to lay them on wood flooring and not on bare ground.

Ways to shelter for the winter

To warm the grapes for the winter, you can cover it with earth. This method is the simplest and most inexpensive and does not require much experience in plant breeding.

It is necessary to dig trenches in the ground next to the bushes and lay them in wood flooring for branches. Tied vines are neatly folded in them.

Grapes from above covered with boards or plywood, and then - earth embankment about 30 centimeters high. Do not make the mound too high, otherwise the grapes will start to rot and the buds will die.

It is necessary to pay attention to the height of the embankment after rains and thaws. Due to water currents, it can decrease, so you need to add it regularly.

Fertile beds in the country with their own hands

wooden flooring

Sheltering grapes for the winter with wooden flooring is a more labor-intensive method than the previous one, but the prepared wooden flooring will serve more than one season.

Must be built in advance wooden planks special shields about 100*25 cm in size. To them you need to attach loops of rope or wire.

Before sheltering under the plants, you need to lay a wooden flooring, and vines should already be laid on it. Thus, grapes are isolated from the earth and protected from evil. Then it is necessary cover the branches with wood panels.

They should go either overlapping, or on top of the joints, you need to additionally put wooden planks. This option for sheltering grapes is more suitable for small ones. household plots because of its laboriousness.

Slate for protection

This method has also proven its effectiveness for a long time. Before covering the grapes with slate, you need treat it with lime so that he does not prel.

In general, lime treatment is necessary step regardless of the covering method chosen for the site.

Vines collected in bunches, additionally wrapped in cloth or bag, and then fit into a hole dug near the bush. Outside the pit, wire arches are constructed, onto which slate sheets are folded. Thus, a kind of box with thermal insulation is obtained.

With film

To close the grapes for the winter with a film, you must perform the following steps:

Propagation of grapes by cuttings at home

This method of sheltering grapes is suitable for regions with mild winters and relatively small temperature fluctuations. In the northern regions of Russia, this method is not recommended.

Wooden box