U blocks of aerated concrete: shape, width, application. Aerated concrete U-shaped blocks: the best way to equip jumpers in a building What are aerated concrete u blocks

Ordinary reinforced concrete lintels produced by factories often cannot be used for buildings that have unusual shape and original openings. In addition, there is another problem - high price jumpers themselves and the cost of transporting massive products.

Aerated concrete lintels are free from all these shortcomings. They can be prefabricated or prefabricated-monolithic.

Advantages, characteristics and purpose of blocks

Tray u blocks made of aerated concrete can play the role of formwork, and also make it possible to produce jumpers prefabricated type or prefabricated monolithic.

Material Advantages

1. Easy Installation. small specific gravity material (with good strength properties), makes it possible to save money without using special equipment and lifting devices. Aerated concrete jumpers can be mounted manually.
2. Exact dimensions (standard sizes), according to the parameters announced in the standards. Varieties of these elements can be used based on the thickness of the walls. Their width exactly matches the similar parameters of ordinary (ordinary) aerated concrete blocks.
3. Uniformity load-bearing structures and inline elements. They are made of the same material as the walls of the building. Due to this circumstance, the finishing of the building is facilitated and accelerated.
4. Aerated concrete u blocks form a protection against heat loss, and also prevent the creation of "cold bridges".

Note! These elements have length/height dimensions of 60 x 20 or 50 x 20 cm and thickness of 25 cm, 30, 37.5 and 40. This makes it possible to choose the size of the jumper that matches the partition or wall.

purpose

U-shaped aerated concrete blocks can be used for the following.

1. Like lintels of door and window openings external walls and partitions having a width of 90/150 cm.
2. As strapping stiffening belts.
3. As supports for prefabricated reinforced concrete floor slabs.
4. As supporting elements of rafters and mauerlats.

Block Properties

Below is a table of the main characteristics of the products.

The transport and loading properties of the blocks are announced below.

Jumper setting

As already mentioned, jumpers made of aerated concrete blocks in the shape of the letter U can be installed in two ways.

prefabricated structures

1. Prefabricated varieties of lintels are used to cover openings up to 250 cm long.
2. When installing it, such a block must rest on the walls no less than 20 cm on each side (if the opening width is up to 5 m). When the span is 1.5 / 2.5 m, then the structure should have supports on each side of 25 cm.
3. The instruction warns that the tray blocks should be mounted on a solid and flat surface. Connect them together with glue for aerated concrete.
4. When the jumper is mounted on outer wall, additionally equipped with a heat-insulating layer of mineral wool or polystyrene foam.
5. Further, reinforcement bars are placed in the assembled trays or a three-dimensional reinforcing frame is welded. Then into this kind of formwork.
6. Reinforcement, variety, should be selected based on which wall the jumper is placed on and what width the opening has. Reinforcing bars with a diameter of 8/14 mm and a solution of classes B-15 / B-20 are usually used.

Important! The optimal mobility of concrete when pouring the lintel is cast (shrinkage of the cone is more than 18 cm). This makes it possible not to compact the mixture with a vibrator.

Prefabricated-monolithic analogues

When you need to block an opening with a width of 2.5 / 4 m, the best solution would be to build a precast-monolithic lintel using aerated concrete blocks.

1. Its manufacture is carried out directly above the blocked span.
2. First, a temporary support shield is mounted. Next, U-shaped trays are placed on it, so that the extreme ones rest on the wall by no less than 25 cm.
3. The trays are connected to each other with glue for aerated concrete.

What material are we talking about? This refers to the characteristic of thermal conductivity, or at least the density of GB.
What is the thickness of the wall?
For example,
U-block 200 mm. The thickness of the GB in the places of pouring the armored belt: 8-10 cm.
U-block 375 mm: 19.5 - 21.5 mm.

And if for the first block without additional measures there is no way to do without insulation, then there will be no dampness for the second block. There will be more heat loss in this place, but their increase, in terms of the whole house, will be very insignificant.

The material is aerated concrete, all other parameters I want to determine in this topic, for this it was created. For example, a density of 500 is good because its bearing capacity for two floors is usually sufficient, although of course it is better than 600, but at the same time, thermal conductivity increases.

That's just the question arises if the thickness of the block is 375mm,The thickness of the GB in the places where the armored belt is poured: 205mm, then the thickness of the armored belt is allotted 170mm. is that enough? The area of ​​aerated concrete on which the armored belt presses turns out to be small, and the armored belt itself, 17 cm thick, is somehow not impressive. Who did the calculations?

Heat losses will be large because reinforced concrete floors are suitable for the armored belt ( stone house with wooden floors, a fly in the ointment in an expensive barrel of honey), these floors, as if on a conveyor belt, will bring heat to the armored belt. In addition, please note that the house is heated in order to make it comfortable to live in, what kind of comfort are we talking about if the floors are cold?

I’m not sure about dampness either, the fact is that the thermal conductivity of the material depends on humidity, and humidity depends on temperature very much, if we take the thermal conductivity of dry aerated concrete, then it is quite sufficient, but when it is cooled, the humidity will also rise, the higher the humidity, the greater the thermal conductivity, in short, it is necessary to consider the dynamics, and the thing is, as I already wrote, that this is the most stressful part of the structure, it should not collapse.

Not everything is good and reliable, what is fast and inexpensive ...
Traditional formwork armored belt, section 30 * 30, with insulation made of XPS with outside.

Actually, I understand this, but then all the cheapness and manufacturability of aerated concrete is lost. How much will it cost to make a smooth and strong formwork? How to veneer then such a wall? The usual solution this is plaster, but plaster almost does not hold on XPS, XPS and Aerated concrete are completely different materials- starting from thermal and load deformations, steam resistance, heat capacity - all this leads to the death of the plaster. Brick finishing is expensive and the wall is very thick, what's the point in such a wall?

So I still want to find the minimum thickness of the aerated concrete wall using U-shaped blocks, so that the cross section of the armored belt is not hacky, the insulation is sufficient for this region (for starters, it’s enough to at least calculate for the Moscow region for example). And outside surface would be homogeneous - everywhere actually only aerated concrete under plaster. Density 50 or 600. For warmer regions, the thickness can be reduced, but at the same time the density can be increased, and vice versa, for colder regions, the thickness can be increased and the density reduced, although where else?

The installation of certain units during the construction of an object from aerated concrete material involves the use of stones of a non-standard shape. First of all, this applies to the arrangement of openings for window and door structures, armored belts, where U-shaped blocks of aerated concrete will greatly simplify the workflow. It is easy to arrange a reliable jumper with profile products, to make a stationary formwork structure, to create a powerful contour. This is where u-blocks made of aerated concrete come in handy.

Scope of u-shaped blocks of aerated concrete

This type building material used to solve complex problems.

Formwork is constructed from it, reliable opening lintels are made. In addition, the u-gas block is used in the construction of force belts, the formation of supports on which it will be installed rafter system, the construction of an armored belt reinforcing the wall.

With its cross section, the block resembles a tray. When metal rods are laid in the gutter part, uniting block stones into a single circuit, a solution is poured, then the concrete mass, gradually hardening, gains operational strength.

The power belt is designed to evenly distribute the load acting on the openings and walls.

It should be noted that after pouring such a belt, the rigidity of the structure box increases significantly.

Specifications and dimensions

The main feature of the design is a cavity of a longitudinal type, similar in shape to a tray. The length of different standard sizes of a block product is fifty centimeters.

Material dimensions are as follows:

• width - 20, 25, 28.8, 30, 36.5, 37.5, 40 cm;
• height - 20 and 25 cm;
• the thickness of the walls in the upper tray part is 7 and 14.5 cm.

The standards provide for the production of standard size series of the product according to the specified parameters.

Features of installing u-blocks

When laying, a special adhesive composition is used. The structure is reinforced metal bars located inside the gutter part, poured with concrete. The brand of concrete mortar and the dimensions of the rods are determined by the magnitude of the current load. The cavity of the block is filled to the top edge.

Like jumpers

If it becomes necessary to arrange a jumper, which is based on a profile aerated concrete block, this can be done in two ways:

• block material is located horizontally, poured with concrete. When the mortar mass hardens, the jumper is lifted to the place intended for it, using a special technique.
• U-blocks made of aerated concrete are laid out in a formwork base made of wood arranged above the opening. Reinforcement is laid in the cavity, poured concrete mass. The formwork can be dismantled when the concrete has gained sufficient strength.

When working, pay attention to the evenness and stability of the base on which you fill the jumper.

armored belt

Attic floors in objects built from gas-block material are recommended to be supported on profile-shaped stones, which are installed in the last masonry row. Aerated concrete y-blocks evenly distribute the load transmitted by the attic or floor slabs to the walls.

When installing the last row, a supporting surface on the walls is provided, which is at least twenty centimeters.

Exposing the last row, work in the following sequence:

• put the blocks on glue or cement mortar, gluing the joints and creating the surface area necessary for contact with the wall;
• prepare a reinforcing frame from longitudinally laid steel rods connected by knitting wire;
• lay down frame base into the gutter. At the same time, make sure that large quantity the rods were located in the lower frame part;
• fix the frame with spacers, moisten the block walls inside the gutter;
• pour concrete mortar, remove air bubbles;
• level the surface of the solution to the level of the block plane.

Do-it-yourself aerated concrete U-block

When the deadlines are “burning”, and the material of the required form is not at hand, or there is a need to save Money, then it is possible to produce u-shaped gas block on one's own. There are two ways to do this:

1. Form a classic block. This requires special tool. First by the right size marking is performed, after which a couple of main cuts are made, outlining the thickness of the walls. Now it remains to perform auxiliary cuts or drilling, so that it is more convenient to extract the internal parts. This method allows you to make a block according to any desired size. For example, increase the thickness outer wall to improve thermal conductivity. The method implies the loss of building blocks and the presence of certain working skills.
2. The U-gas block can be assembled from several elements that differ in thickness. The work is simple, performed with minimal labor and financial costs. The walls of the future block are simply laid out in place, connecting them with an adhesive solution.

The use of aerated concrete u-blocks is considered relevant and justified. This form is used not only for the manufacture of enclosing structures, but also for the arrangement of fixed formwork elements.

Ideal connections minimize the appearance of "cold bridges", guaranteeing a comfortable indoor climate.

Advantages and disadvantages

How to make a u-block from aerated concrete with our own hands, we figured it out. Now consider the advantages of this material:

• ease of execution installation work. The small specific weight of the blocks and good strength indicators allow you to save money without using special lifting equipment. Aerated concrete lintels can be made manually;
• accurate geometric parameters. Different kinds block are used taking into account the required wall thickness. The width of aerated concrete u-blocks is equal to that of a standard stone;

• load-bearing structures and built-in elements are homogeneous. The material used to build the walls and fill the lintels is the same. This circumstance speeds up and facilitates the process of finishing work;
• blocks are a material that perfectly retains thermal energy.

It should be added that the material is considered environmentally friendly, resists vibrations temperature regime and exposed to open flame, has a long service life.

In addition to these positive qualities There are also negative points:

• when pouring a cofferdam at a construction site, it is necessary to wait at least four weeks for the concrete to gain strength. Only after that proceed to the installation work;
• if the stone is made in a non-autoclave way, then it will be difficult to prepare a u-shaped element from it due to its fragility.

Algorithm for the production and acquisition of blocks

Manufacturing technology is as follows:

• mix cement material, river sand and quicklime in certain proportions;
• add water, pour aluminum powder;
• the resulting composition is decomposed into forms;
• during gas formation, the raw material increases in volume;
• finished products are sent to the autoclave, where they are processed under the influence of high pressure and temperature conditions;
• products are removed from the molds, stacked on pallets and covered with plastic wrap.

Convenience lies in the fact that the block can be laid on any side.

The manufacturing process is possible only in the factory, when there is the necessary equipment and quality control of each working stage.

When buying blocks, you should pay attention to certain points:

• shade of stone. Products must be white. This means that it was made by autoclave. If the block is gray, it means that it was poured directly at the construction site;

• quality assurance documents. With their help, you can make sure that you are offered good material. When working with him, unforeseen difficulties will never arise.

Conclusion

With the help of profile blocks, it becomes possible to significantly reduce the time of work. Such material will help in solving many problems.

U-shaped blocks of aerated concrete

The performance of serious construction tasks is greatly facilitated if U blocks of aerated concrete are used. In their shape, they resemble a tray and are made from pore-saturated gas concrete with a density of 375 to 450 kilograms per cubic meter.

With the use of gas silicate composites having U profile, you can form a stationary formwork in the manufacture of beams, monolithic lintels, as well as perform a number of important construction tasks. A feature of various standard sizes of products is a constant length of 0.5 m, the ability to select the required width and height, depending on the tasks.

Let's get acquainted in more detail with profile gas blocks, consider their advantages, scope, application features for various construction tasks.

Tray u blocks made of aerated concrete can play the role of formwork, and also make it possible to produce prefabricated type lintels

Scope of use

The original design of profile aerated concrete composites allows them to be used to perform the following construction tasks:

• Creation of a stationary timbering.
• Formation of monolithic lintels for openings.
• Reinforcement belt devices, representing a one-piece structure with increased rigidity.
• Accomplishments supporting structures for roofing, Mauerlat, beams, truss elements.

Manufacturing process

Aerated concrete block having a profile shape is manufactured according to modern technology using the following ingredients:

• fine-grained quartz sand;
• Portland cement brand M400;
• aluminum filler.

Aluminum powder, reacting with water, in the course of the reaction contributes to the active release of gas, which forms cavities in the composite. The porous structure of gas silicate increases its heat capacity. The resulting products are artificially produced stone, the massif of which is characterized by floors of small diameter.

Product quality is characterized by the uniformity of the distribution of cavities in the array, their number. hallmark technological process production of aerated concrete profile products is that they are produced in industrial environment autoclave method. This nuance distinguishes them from foam blocks obtained by foaming ordinary concrete mix under construction site conditions.

Easy installation. Low specific gravity of the material (with good strength properties), makes it possible to save money

The autoclave method for producing gas blocks having a U-shape makes it possible to obtain products that are popular in the construction of buildings.

Ordering or purchasing aerated concrete U -shaped pay attention to its color. Gray color indicates that the blocks are made of foamed concrete. Autoclaved gas silicates have White color, are produced only by an industrial method.

In the process of their manufacture, laboratory quality control of products is carried out, which allows developers to purchase high-quality gas silicates that have the specified operational characteristics. When using such products, there will be no problems.

Dimensions and design features

The width of the blocks corresponds to the thickness of the standard masonry. The design is distinguished by a thickened side wall, which is located on the outside of the building.

The standard size range is represented by blocks, the overall dimensions of which are:

• length 0.5 m, which is constant for all types of profiles;
• width 0.2, 0.25, 0.288, 0.3, 0.365, 0.375, 0.4 m;
• height 0.2 and 0.25 m;
• the size of the upper part of the thickened wall is 70 and 145 mm.

Exact dimensions (standard sizes), according to the parameters announced in the standards

Application specifics

For the manufacture of a monolithic armored belt, lintels, beams, columns in aerated concrete houses, manufacturers produce U-shaped aerated concrete blocks. They are trays with a length of 500 mm, their width corresponds to a similar parameter of an ordinary wall block made of aerated concrete. The required length of the jumper or other structure can be easily dialed by carefully gluing the vertical seams. Aerated concrete U-blocks are used to create monolithic belt stiffness, supports, Mauerlats.

The technology of using this building material is simple. When creating window slabs and doorways blocks are placed on the formwork wooden beam or steel profile, glued together with glue for aerated concrete. It is poured into the formed gutter of the required length heavy concrete in which the armature is installed. Its installation is carried out in such a way that the solution evenly surrounds the steel bar from all sides. Selection of the brand of concrete, the number and thickness of reinforcement are selected depending on the load on the lintel. The advantage over similar structures made of reinforced concrete is low weight, low thermal conductivity. Thanks to these blocks, the overall energy efficiency of the structure does not decrease.