Laying aerated concrete blocks: step-by-step instructions for doing the work yourself. Features of building a house from aerated concrete blocks

AT suburban construction houses and cottages are used a variety of materials. Due to low cost and excellent performance, aerated concrete is in great demand and occupies a leading position.

Aerated concrete blocks are made using cement, quartz sand, as well as various additives. In suburban construction, masonry blocks made of aerated concrete of the D500 and D600 grades are widely used, characterized by high density and strength.

Pros and cons of aerated concrete as masonry blocks

The positive characteristics of aerated concrete make it possible to effectively use this material for construction country houses and dachas. The technology of laying aerated concrete blocks is quite simple, thanks to such characteristics material:

small the weight aerated concrete blocks provides not only ease of transportation and handling, but also ease of masonry;

aerated concrete is easy to processing;

precise geometric dimensions improve ease of execution, quality installation work and high speed of their implementation;

ability to acquire any form makes it easy to solve any design projects.

Also, when building walls from gas blocks, the following should be taken into account: limitations:

fragility material and low resistance to mechanical influences requires compliance with protective measures during transportation, storage and installation work;

any natural movements of the soil, shrinkage of the material, errors in the construction of the foundation cause the formation of numerous cracks on the surface of the walls;

high performance hygroscopicity material, which is why unfinished structures do not tolerate winter well and require conservation of the facility;

when building walls, you have to do reinforcement;

Brick cladding of gas block walls can be carried out in parallel with construction

A house made of aerated concrete has a rather impressive number of disadvantages. However, most of them can be completely eliminated or their influence significantly reduced if the technology for building a house from aerated concrete blocks is strictly observed, starting with the construction of the foundation and ending with interior decoration. attraction experienced craftsmen, who have many years of experience working with this material, will ensure high-quality performance and reliability of construction.

On our website you can get acquainted with the most construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-rise Country".

How to choose the right blocks of aerated concrete

Aerated concrete blocks are great for shaping internal partitions, lintels, floor slabs and bearing walls country houses and cottages.

Depending on their purpose and design characteristics, there are several species:

structural blocks are used to build strong load-bearing walls;

structural and heat-insulating blocks are used for the construction of ceilings, internal partitions and load-bearing walls of country houses, the height of which does not exceed 3 floors;

heat-insulating the blocks are characterized by excellent thermal protection and are used to form internal partitions or an insulating inner row.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

When choosing a material, it is worth giving preference to proven manufacturers involved in the production of aerated concrete blocks in the construction market for many years. The aerated concrete block must have a number of qualities:

precise geometric forms with low material error;

uniform structure;

absence stains, stains, chips and cracks;

sealed package;

verified manufacturer;

certified material.

The presence of all of the above positions allows you to buy a high quality aerated concrete block, which ensures the reliability of the structure throughout the entire period of operation.

Laying aerated concrete walls does not cause developers special difficulties. However, there are some things to keep in mind recommendations.

Thickness load-bearing walls must be selected taking into account the region of residence and climate characteristics. According to SNIPs, for dry areas located in warm areas, a wall thickness of 38 cm will be enough. For colder regions, the minimum thickness of the bearing walls is from 60 cm. For the manufacture of internal partitions, a block with a thickness of 75 to 200 mm is used.

If you still decide to build thin load-bearing walls, you should take care of quality warming. During construction country cottages using aerated concrete blocks with a width of 28–30 cm, it will be necessary to insulate the walls with a layer mineral wool. Walls 30-36 cm thick are insulated with plastering. For work it is better to use silicone plaster. Plastering with fiberglass reinforcing mesh firmly protects the walls from cracking.

Aerated concrete block fragile material, so the laying of walls from aerated concrete blocks will not do without marriage. A certain amount of material is also damaged during transport when driving on rough roads. As practice shows, 5-10% of the aerated concrete block will go to marriage. This should be taken into account when buying material.

high hygroscopicity material requires high-quality protection against waterlogging. During the construction of walls, plaster acts as a waterproofing layer, protecting the surface of the blocks from destruction. The property of the material is easy to absorb moisture, forcing the developer to process the surface water-repellent impregnations. This prevents delamination, protects the surface from cracking and maintains thermal insulation properties.

Aerated concrete house needs a good system heating and ventilation.

To ensure the integrity of the material, an aerated concrete block house requires the construction of a durable foundation not subject to natural ground movement. The monolithic base is great solution and resolves this issue.

Video description

Read more about what aerated concrete is and about the features of building a durable country house from this material, you can see in the overview video:

Laying aerated concrete blocks

The quality of the construction of the future house depends on how correctly the aerated concrete was laid, the technology assumes its strict observance.

Waterproofing

The laying of the first row of aerated concrete blocks requires special attention and careful work. A layer is laid on the finished, dried foundation waterproofing material. For waterproofing, which protects aerated concrete walls from moisture, roll and coating materials are most often used.

markup

Before starting work, external markings are performed and restrictive cords or a thin rope are pulled around the entire perimeter to mark the boundaries. To speed up work and perform more accurate markings, it is most convenient to use a laser level.

Deviations in the height of the foundation should not be more than 40 mm. At large differences heights, it is necessary to bring the height of the foundation to acceptable levels.

First row

The laying of walls from aerated concrete blocks begins with the formation of corners. Corner blocks are installed using a cement-sand mortar. To prepare it, you will need to thoroughly mix cement and sand in proportions of 1: 3.

The laying of aerated concrete blocks is carried out using an adhesive composition prepared in accordance with the attached instructions. It is diluted to obtain a homogeneous mass that does not contain lumps. Glue is applied with a trowel to the vertical seams. For work it is most convenient to use a small keel equal to the width of the block. This will speed up the process of work and help reduce glue consumption.

Aerated concrete blocks require pre-training- cleaning from dust and dirt with a brush. The first row is laid out on a concrete solution, connecting the blocks together with glue. They are laid on the same level, avoiding height differences. A rubber mallet is used to adjust the stacking height. The adjustment of the material is carried out using a special hacksaw.

After laying the first row, it is better to wait about 5-6 hours until the concrete mortar sets and firmly fixes the material in the desired position. The dried row is ground with a planer to grind irregularities at the joints to one level and treated with a sanding board for smoothing.

Laying subsequent rows

Now do not rush and immediately proceed to the installation of subsequent rows. Cement-sand mortar must firmly grasp. This will help prevent the walls from moving from required level during subsequent work.

All the following rows of aerated concrete blocks are laid out on adhesive solution. After laying each row, the levels are checked, the surface is leveled with a sanding board.

Video description

Stages of building walls from aerated concrete block, installation of internal partitions and interfloor overlap can be seen in the following video:

Conclusion

Aerated concrete blocks are excellent material for the construction of a private house. However, the execution construction works it is better to entrust to professionals, because quality installation requires clarity, experience and strict adherence to all technological stages. Only in this case can you build a house excellent quality, and celebrate a housewarming without any problems.

The mortar for laying aerated concrete building blocks used in the construction of a house has many features. Regardless of which mortar will be used to build walls from aerated concrete blocks - cement-sand or adhesive - the laying of the first row should be carried out in a ratio of 1: 3, that is, 1 part of cement and 3 parts of sifted sand.

It is necessary to gradually add water to the dry mix with such a solution that the mortar under the aerated concrete “does not flow”, otherwise it will “float” under the weight of the block, which will make fixing the aerated concrete impossible.

Tools and materials

To prepare a mixture for aerated concrete, you will need the following materials and tools:

Sand;
Cement;
Water;
Concrete mixer or trough;
A pair of shovels;
Drill with a nozzle or mixer;
Trowel.

Masonry features

Model of aerated concrete building.

The mixture for the device of concrete building materials must be thoroughly mixed. It is most advisable to use a concrete mixer for this, since a very large volume of mortar will need to be prepared for masonry, and manual preparation will take a lot of time and effort. The principle of mixing is as follows: first, a bucket of water is poured into the concrete mixer, after which 1 bucket of cement and 3 buckets of sand are poured. While mixing the mixture under aerated concrete, you need to gradually add water, bringing the solution to the desired consistency. In the process of building concrete blocks, it is necessary to maintain a uniform consistency of the mixture through periodic stirring.

The mortar for laying concrete building blocks is applied to the surface of the base (horizontal joint) and the butt joint using a comb or trowel (trowel). Most developers prefer to use a trowel.

When erecting subsequent rows, aerated concrete manufacturers advise using a special one that is applied with a thickness of about 3 mm. The use of such glue for aerated concrete increases the culture and aesthetics of construction, however, for people who do not have the appropriate skills, laying aerated concrete blocks on such a mixture can cause certain difficulties.

To lay aerated concrete on cement-sand mixture you need a concrete mixer. In addition, you need to allocate a person to prepare the mortar. When using an adhesive solution for aerated concrete, you only need a drill with a nozzle to prepare it. The bag of glue needs to be kneaded for a few minutes, after which the person can also start laying concrete building blocks. When constructing concrete building blocks on an adhesive mortar with a wall height of more than 2.5 m, it will be necessary to lay one row more than when using a cement-sand mortar. Therefore, decide for yourself what is better to save on: on blocks, on masonry material or on the heat of the house.

Solution preparation

Table of cement consumption per cube of mortar.

First, a little water is poured into the concrete mixer, after which the remaining components are added and the remaining amount of water is added. All components are mixed for about 2 minutes. , mixed under aerated concrete, should be used within 2 hours from the moment of preparation. Moistened elements do not absorb water from the mixture, therefore it is recommended to wet the surface of the previously laid masonry when resuming construction work after a break. When applying the mixture for the gas block with a trowel, it is not necessary to press it into the slots of hollow concrete blocks, so as not to reduce the heat-insulating characteristics of the wall. If it is necessary to take a long break during the construction of walls, it is necessary to cover the last row of masonry with roofing material or film and load them with bricks or boards. As a result, the structure will be protected from atmospheric precipitation, which is very important if the walls are built from porous and moisture-intensive materials, for example, ceramic or aerated concrete blocks. Cement-lime mixtures for a gas block are prepared from Portland cement grade 400 (class 32.5), sand and hydrated lime.

The use of glue for laying blocks

Glue block laying table

If you are lucky enough to get concrete sections with the correct edges, the laying of rows above the first can be done using an adhesive mixture for a gas block. Such a mixture, in comparison with the traditional cement-sand mortar, makes it possible to reduce costs, significantly increase the speed of erection of the structure and not worsen the thermal insulation qualities of gas silicate blocks. The article contains general recommendations kneading and applying adhesive mixtures for laying building concrete blocks. More accurate information is indicated on the packaging of the building material. In case of large deviations in the geometric dimensions of the blocks used, the use of such mixtures is not recommended. When preparing an adhesive solution for laying aerated concrete building blocks, it is necessary to add to the adhesive clean water at the rate of about 7-8 liters of water per bag of glue (25 kg). Thorough mixing should be carried out at low speed using a stirrer, which is mounted on a drill. After 5-10 minutes, the procedure should be repeated. The resulting mixture for the gas block should be quite plastic and not spread when applied with a notched trowel. If the adhesive solution has thickened, it can be kneaded again. Ready solution must be used for a maximum of 3 hours.

Before proceeding with construction, the sections must be cleaned of dust, which is formed as a result of grinding concrete sections to level the masonry. In the hot season - to ensure better adhesion - before applying the adhesive mixture for the gas block, the materials must be moistened with water. Glue can be used only at positive air temperature. At sub-zero temperatures, it is necessary to use additives.

Cement-sand mortar

Most developers still prefer to use for masonry walls cement-sand mortar. The arrangement of aerated concrete blocks for such a solution slightly increases heat loss in the future due to the presence of the so-called. "cold bridges", however, leads, albeit to an insignificant, cheaper construction. The strength of the structure when using cement or adhesive mixtures remains the same. In the case of using cement-sand mortar blocks for the device, it is necessary to perform subsequent wall insulation. When using an adhesive solution, insulation can be omitted.

Mix additives

Component ratio table.

If construction work related to the installation of aerated concrete blocks is carried out in the summer, then the question of adding various additives to the cement-sand mortar will not arise. However, even at a temperature of -1 ° C, pouring concrete and laying blocks can cause a lot of problems, namely: it will give the impression that the composition has begun to “seize”, while in fact it simply freezes, because there is water inside it ( this is typical for both cement-sand and adhesive mixtures). In the spring, the following happens: the water thaws, and the composition “softens”, as a result of which the wall begins to “lead”, and the lintels will crumble. The article does not provide recommendations on the use of any specific additives - at present there are quite a few types of them. When choosing a specific additive, attention should be paid to various complex compositions with the simultaneous content of electrolytes and surfactants in them, which makes it possible to obtain the effect of plasticizing properties with a simultaneous decrease in water demand and high speed hardening of the mixture. At present, not special substances are sometimes added as additives, but washing powder or dishwashing detergent, which help the mortar to be more ductile and not crack as it dries. It will also allow the mixture to acquire a more aesthetic appearance. However, there may be a loss in strength and density.

If you do not have an urgent need to speed up construction, it is better to wait for warm weather. This is the most the right way build a safe and "clean" house without different kind chemical additives.

The main reasons for the demand for aerated concrete include affordable cost and ease of installation. Convenient sizes and weight allow you to quickly lay the masonry on your own, even in the absence of serious experience in construction. The nuances of the technology include the need for a thorough check of the level during the installation process, dressing of products, reliable waterproofing of the lower rows, reinforcement of walls and the upper edge. If you doubt your abilities, you should watch the video instructions for laying gas blocks and entrust the drafting of the project to specialists.

Step by step laying guide

At the preparation stage, a layout is drawn up, taking into account jumpers for window and doorways, partitions, reinforcements and thicknesses masonry joint. The latter factor, in turn, depends on the type of connecting solution, also selected in advance. When planting products on it, it does not exceed 3 mm, when using a cement-sand mixture, it reaches 20. When drawing up the layout for laying blocks of the first row, it is advisable to choose one where their number is a multiple of an integer. Calculation and purchase of material are carried out.

The stage ends with the preparation of tools and equipment. To lay blocks with your own hands you will need: hand saw with enlarged teeth, a wall chaser, a mixer or a drill with a nozzle and a container for mixing the solution, a planer for eliminating irregularities, a rubber notched trowel and a mallet for tapping adjacent products. To control the level of masonry, a tape measure, corner, level, plumb lines and building cord are used.

Consider step-by-step instructions for the construction of aerated concrete structures in stages. Standard scheme actions include:

1. Checking the level of the foundation horizontally and deviations diagonally.

2. Waterproofing of the upper edge of the base: in two layers, with bituminous or polymer compositions, roofing material with interlayer cement mortar.

3. Installation of aerated concrete blocks of the first row. It is carried out, starting from the very top corner, exclusively on cement, with reinforcement along the upper edge of the already laid out row with metal or fiberglass rods. The mortar layer performs not only insulating, but also leveling functions, the reliability and beauty of the rest of the masonry depends on the evenness of the bottom row.

4. The erection of subsequent rows - not earlier than 2 hours after the first, with the laying of blocks on polyurethane glue. Installation starts from the corners, the exact geometry of the rows is observed in the process (taking into account the lower and proven corner elements and using marking devices). When doing work on your own, the adhesive composition is kneaded in small portions and applied directly to the area under the gas block to be placed and the end side of the already fixed product. Each piece is laid in stages: first, its compliance with the level horizontally and vertically is checked, and only then, with 2-3 light taps with a rubber hammer, it is tightly pressed against the next one.

5. Strobing and reinforcement - every fourth row.

6. Installation of an armored belt in the upper part of the wall of U-shaped aerated concrete blocks with the obligatory placement of a 4-5 cm layer of extruded polystyrene foam closer to the outer edge.

Technology nuances

The main requirements are related to the evenness of the aerated concrete masonry: deviations are checked in each row. When doing work with your own hands, it is important to use blocks with high geometric accuracy, preference is given to tongue-and-groove varieties, they fit closer to each other. Corner products are placed with a spike outward, any protrusions and irregularities are easily squeezed by a planer. Experts advise grinding rows with them before laying each subsequent one, but in order to avoid mistakes, it is better to immediately lay the blocks correctly and correct them even with the glue not cured.

Particular attention is paid to partitions, both load-bearing and insulating. Important rule: the internal main walls have the same thickness as the outer one; gas blocks of the same brand are used for their construction. At the place of their junction, the block is cut off by a third and connected to a completely plastered element of the internal structure. With the correct laying of aerated concrete partitions, a reinforced mesh or wire is laid in the walls in advance, as an alternative, long nails are placed between the seams.

The same applies to newly added internal structures from gas blocks to those already in operation, the most reliable connection in this case will be anchors, the recommended length of butt elements is from 20 cm.

Every fourth row of aerated concrete masonry is reinforced with reinforcement. With the help of a curtain cutter, this stage is easy to perform: two longitudinal lines are made along the entire perimeter of the already laid row. After that, they are cleaned of dust and partially filled with glue. The reinforcement is laid with an overlap of 10 cm at the places where the rods break, in this case fiberglass with a diameter of 8 mm or more is sufficient. The stage is completed by filling the strobe with mortar or glue to the top and leveling. The standard reinforcement interval is once every 4 rows, but during the construction of critical facilities it can be reduced.

Features of laying at sub-zero temperatures

When conducting construction work in winter, the process becomes more complicated: cement-sand mortar is not used as a masonry mortar in this case, installation is only permissible on anti-frost glue. Any other compounds containing water will freeze before reaching the required strength. Even in winter, laying is allowed at an average daily ambient temperature of at least -5 ° C, in conditions normal humidity and unfrozen structures.

The instructions for the adhesive composition are carefully studied, most often it is recommended to heat the water for mixing to +40 ° C. The resulting mixture is consumed as soon as possible (the upper limit is 30 minutes, but glue is applied even faster to ensure reliable seams). For this reason, it is kneaded in small portions in exclusively plastic containers, to slow down the curing of the glue, they are covered with lids. If opportunities allow, then the entire construction site is isolated and the heat gun is turned on.

masonry in winter time takes longer, including due to the impossibility of applying the solution in advance, even for a few minutes, otherwise the blocks will be covered with a crust of ice. Another reason is the need to warm up the gas blocks before laying (with the help of a heating element, covering them with an impermeable and fireproof material). The last row must be protected with a film. In general, the increase in cash and labor costs is obvious, it is better to avoid construction of aerated concrete in winter.

All steps of the above guide can be performed independently, but in the absence of experience, laying the first row is trusted by specialists. The same applies to the organization of openings, jumpers are difficult to place on their own. In order to simplify the process and do the work with your own hands, it is recommended:

Use gas blocks with high accuracy of shapes and sizes.
kneading glue mechanized way according to the given proportions. To eliminate the risk of improper solidification of the solution, gas blocks are moistened in the heat or heated in winter.
Lay out the first row using corner rails and cord.
Place products on the previous row in advance according to the selected scheme. The laying of walls from gas blocks starts from the corners, it is allowed to start from the main line only after checking their level, including joints with internal load-bearing partitions.
Grind aerated concrete for compaction with a planer.

Common Mistakes

Violations of the technology of laying aerated concrete blocks include:

The absence of a waterproofing layer between the foundation or plinth and the first row of aerated concrete or its installation on glue.
Laying products without displacement, the recommended minimum is 1/3 of the length, ideally half.
Ignoring reinforcement when attaching partitions to load-bearing walls.
Placement of blocks in winter on ordinary aerated concrete glue.
The absence of an insulating layer when laying an armored belt for mounting ceilings or tying a Mauerlat. Practice shows that this area needs thermal insulation, if this condition is ignored, mold will form on it, and heat loss will increase.
Delay the stage of finishing and protecting the surface of products from moisture or steam.
Bookmark window or door openings without hardening. In this case, a steel angle of at least 80 × 80 cm is used, exceeding the length of the structure by at least 90 cm. Alternative option it is considered a reinforced concrete jumper.
Poor filling of joints with glue, its uneven distribution over the gas block.

Common mistakes also include improper storage of blocks in winter or during the rainy season: without factory packaging and directly on the ground. The porous structure of aerated concrete in this case accumulates moisture, which affects the quality of the masonry and the proportions of the adhesive composition.

Comments:

Today, the laying of aerated concrete blocks is one of the most demanded types of work in the construction industry. Aerated concrete is fake diamond, one of the types cellular concrete. This material It is considered one of the types of stone foam, on the surface of which pores with a diameter of 1-3 mm are evenly distributed.

The composition of aerated concrete blocks includes: cement, lime, quartz sand, gypsum stone, aluminum powder and water.

Aerated concrete contains quartz sand, cement, special additives(gas formers), sometimes gypsum and lime are added. All components are mixed, water is added to them, then the resulting solution is sent under the press. Aerated concrete blocks are formed under a special press. Such materials are used in construction for the construction of cottages, low-rise and high-rise buildings, as well as for partitions, load-bearing and non-bearing walls.

What is attractive aerated concrete

Aerated concrete blocks in the history of construction appeared about 100 years ago, and yet they are a serious competitor to bricks in the construction market. This is due to the demand for aerated concrete. There are a number of positive signs why aerated concrete is preferred to other building materials:

Aerated concrete has high thermal insulation properties. Due to the pores formed on the surface of aerated concrete, accumulates warm air. It is for this reason that aerated concrete has excellent thermal insulation characteristics.
High vapor permeability. Mold, various fungi that are harmful to human health, etc. do not appear on the walls of aerated concrete.
Excellent frost resistance. If an aerated concrete building is being built in places where there is frequent variable climate change, then this does not worsen positive properties aerated concrete. The frost resistance of this material is 100 cycles.
Porosity. This is an excellent thermal insulator for any room.
High sound insulation. In modern rooms, increased sound insulation is often required. This is achieved with the help of heavy frame elements or additional application soundproof materials. Using aerated concrete, you can not think about extra costs for soundproofing.
Durability. Under normal weather conditions aerated concrete can stand up to 150 years.
Environmentally friendly product. Despite the fact that this artificial material It is made from natural materials. In operation, aerated concrete will harm humans and the environment.
Fire resistance. Aerated concrete refers to fireproof building materials. Thanks to the experiments, it became known that aerated concrete can withstand temperatures exceeding 400ºС. Moreover, at elevated temperatures, the strength characteristics of aerated concrete increase by almost 87%.
Convenient to use. Considering that aerated concrete looks very massive, this is enough lightweight material. It is easy to process, it can easily be broken, sawed off the necessary part, etc. This stone has precise geometric characteristics. It is quite smooth and does not require additional processing.
Low price. Despite all their positive traits, the price of aerated concrete is relatively lower than other building materials.
Due to its mass, it can be used in complex structural elements.
Aerated concrete is considered an energy-saving building material. Due to the fact that the thermal conductivity of this building material is several times less than that of other materials, this helps to save on electricity.

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Types of aerated concrete

There are two main types of this unique building material:

. It is formed in the sphere of natural hardening.
. It has the properties of stone and wood. It is very solid and light. It has high energy-saving and thermal insulation properties. It is formed in special conditions, which allow the material to harden at high blood pressure and high temperature. Its production is carried out in special autoclave ovens.

Aerated concrete is often used for the construction of low-rise buildings, as well as for the construction of load-bearing walls. It can also be used for the construction of high-rise buildings, but as a filler for reinforced concrete wall frames.

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In order to do it right, you will need tools such as:

A trowel with a toothed profile. It helps to apply the adhesive of the required thickness.
In order to align, you will need a special planer.
Saw with teeth. Necessary for the preparation of additional blocks. This saw must have high hardness.
Level. It is necessary to monitor the evenness of the laid row.
Grater.
Marking angle.
Soft brush.
Level.
Plumb.
Master OK.
Rubber mallet.
Drill with a nozzle. It is necessary for mixing glue in small volumes.

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Step-by-step instructions for building a house from aerated concrete

The technology of laying aerated concrete is no different from laying bricks or cinder blocks. The only difference is what material is used to hold the blocks together. After the pre-made foundation has dried, you can start laying aerated concrete. Laying of aerated concrete is carried out at a temperature of 5-25ºС. If the temperature is higher than indicated, then it is necessary to constantly moisten the surface of the blocks. If lower, then special adhesive additives are used.

Everyone knows that the first laid out row should be even and neat. The evenness of the whole house depends on this. First you need to check the quality of the aerated concrete block and clean it from dust, snow and dirt. Then you need to lay the waterproofing layer. As a waterproofing roofing material is perfect. It is necessary to follow the evenness concrete surface. This will require the use of a level or level. Uneven blocks must be leveled with a planer. The laying of the gas block begins from the corners of the building and continues along the entire perimeter.

In order to correctly lay out the first row, it is necessary to pull the thread along which the aerated concrete blocks. The laid out blocks must be checked with a level - horizontal and vertical slope. The evenness of the walls in the room depends on the horizontal slope.

In order to lay out the second row, it is necessary that the base of the first row dry well. The second row must start from the corner. Laying of aerated concrete must be done in a checkerboard pattern.

We put the next rows in half a side.

In order to get strong walls, it is necessary to reinforce aerated concrete blocks with a welded mesh every five blocks. In addition, it is necessary to reinforce the first row of the foundation, window and door openings.

It is very important to remember about the joints of aerated concrete blocks with erecting walls.

Every 3-4 blocks, it is necessary to drill a hole into which the reinforcement is driven in. Such reinforcement will help create a single whole room.

If the ceiling height is more than 3 m, then additional reinforcement of aerated concrete blocks is necessary.

Aerated concrete is a building material that is created synthetically. It is made by mixing certain components, processed after that high temperatures. Advantages similar material are low weight, strength, high thermal insulation and ease of production. Therefore, do-it-yourself laying of aerated concrete blocks is often done. The step-by-step instruction assumes strict observance of all norms so that the walls are erected correctly.

Tools Used

First of all, you need to prepare special tools for laying aerated concrete. Yes, you will need:

Carriage equipped with a dispenser, necessary for uniform application of the solution between the blocks;
Mallets in the form of a rubber mallet, which allows you to knock out installed products;
Saw, which will be required to cut the blocks to fit them to the required size;
Sanding board to eliminate existing defects on the surface;
Corner, which will be attached to the stacked elements;
Planer, also used to level the surface of products;
Wall chaser for creating grooves in blocks;
A cord that is used as a guideline as well as a level.

Additionally, it is required to prepare a container where the masonry mortar will be mixed.

Necessary materials

There are two types mortars used for fixing aerated concrete blocks. These are cement, as well as adhesive mixture. In this case, the first row should always fit only on cement mortar. It is worth considering each of the types separately.

To work with such material, standard tools for working with aerated concrete are used. In order to prepare a mixture with a uniform texture, mixing is recommended to be carried out with special low-speed equipment. In proportions, it turns out that for 5 kg of dry glue it is required to take 1 liter of water. To do this, water is first poured into the container, and then glue is gradually poured, which they immediately begin to beat. After that, the solution is left to brew for 10 minutes and mixed again. Only now the adhesive mixture is considered ready for use, and in its consistency it should look like thick sour cream.

After drying, and, accordingly, hardening, the solution can no longer be used after re-dilution with water.

Cement-sand mixture

These types of mortars are also used for laying blocks. Their main feature is considered to be ease of manufacture, as well as the reliability of the fastening they create. In this case, similar tools are used for laying aerated concrete blocks, as when working with an adhesive solution. The cooking recipe may vary based on the need for characteristics. So, for some purposes, plastic mixtures are made by additionally adding clay, as a result of which the solution does not crumble and fits more neatly. Despite the composition, such options are quite economical, which allows them to compete with adhesive mixtures.

Preparatory work

The preparation process before erecting walls of aerated concrete consists of several stages.

Mixing

First, a container of the required size is prepared, as well as an industrial mixer. To prepare the adhesive solution, a dry composition and plain water are used. The whipping process continues until the mixture being prepared has a uniform consistency. After that, no more than 20 minutes are allotted for its use, otherwise it freezes and, accordingly, loses its properties. Therefore, it is recommended to make small portions in order to manage to produce them in a short period of time.

When carrying out construction work in conditions low temperatures, a special frost-resistant type of mixture must be used. So, components that reduce the degree of freezing are added to its composition. As a result, the solution retains its properties even at low temperatures.

markup

Before you start laying, you need to markup. It is made along the axes of the surfaces of the structure under construction. To do this, lay out products on the line and adjust their size to one clear horizontal line. Adjustment is carried out by using the above-mentioned tools for aerated concrete in the form of a saw or a conventional hacksaw for processing. It is important that all products are cut evenly. When dressing is carried out, strobes are pre-made in the materials in which the reinforcement will be laid.

Masonry step by step instructions

It is worth considering in more detail how to build buildings from aerated concrete blocks. It is important to note that each stage of the construction of a structure from such a material has its own characteristics.

Regardless of which type of mortar will be used for the main part of the walls, in order to equip the first row, it is required to use only cement-sand. The reason for this is the need:

Align the horizontal level;
Make reinforcement between the base on which the waterproofing layer is laid, as well as the first row;
Reduce the effect of uneven foundations.

It is important to start the process of laying walls with the arrangement of the corners of the structure. After that, a cord is pulled between them, based on which the laying of blocks is carried out further along all the walls.

From how correctly the first row will be laid, the evenness of the construction of the entire wall is determined. In subsequent rows, it becomes more difficult to correct the horizontal level.

The procedure for laying the second and all subsequent rows is simpler. To do this, on the surface of the previous rows, as well as on end part glue is applied to a nearby product. Using a notched trowel, the adhesive is evenly distributed over the surface and the block itself is laid. After that, it is leveled and rubber mallet pressed against the end surface. Each subsequent row is laid in increments of at least 20 cm to the previous one, and an indent of half a block is considered ideal. Installation of 2 and subsequent rows also occurs with the laying of products in the corners and pulling the rope to create a level. In the process of building walls, it is important not to forget about the need to leave openings for future doors, as well as windows.

Every fourth row must be reinforced to give stability to the structure.

Door and window openings

An important stage in the construction of walls made of aerated concrete is the installation of lintels in the door, as well as window openings. It's easy to make them. For this purpose, the foundation is first made, and the beams will be laid on it. It must be very strong so that the blocks that will lie on top do not lead to its deformation. Such a base is mounted on the opening blocks, after which tray blocks are laid on top, which are glued together. They have a reinforcing frame inside, which is then poured concrete mortar. It must be more durable than is used for masonry.

Reinforcement

The first stage of reinforcement is carried out between the waterproofing layer, as well as the first row. The need for it is due to the distribution of the load exerted on the foundation or ground floor. In addition, this significantly improves the bearing capacity of the lower rows. For reinforcement, a masonry mesh is used, in which the thickness of the rods varies within 3-4 mm, and the size of each cell is 5x5 cm.

In addition, every fourth row is required to be reinforced. In these cases, use a metal or fiberglass reinforcement. For their installation, 2 strobes are made in the previous row, they are filled with glue by 50% and reinforcement is laid. Then all these slots are completely filled. masonry mortar so that it is flush with the blocks.

Where there is a gap in the reinforcement, it is important to overlap it. In addition, it is required to avoid breaks in the reinforcement at the corners. To do this, in such places it is required to bend it so that it goes onto another wall by at least 30 cm. This will strengthen corner connections and make them more reliable. The strongest reinforcement is obtained when using steel reinforcement options, which hold the entire structure well in the desired position.

The last row

Special attention should be paid to laying the last top row, which precedes the installation of the roof. The fact is that the mass of the future roof structure, for which natural materials in the form of slate or tile, exerts a serious load on the wall. Because of this, when it is installed directly on aerated concrete blocks, their further deformation, as well as damage, is possible. To exclude this, it is recommended to create a reinforced belt around the entire perimeter of the building. This design will allow:

Exclude point loads on the walls;
Evenly distribute the force over the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls;

Make the surface of the masonry even on a horizontal level.

The size of the reinforcement in such situations is determined by the mass of the future roof.

All of the above steps can be done without any problems on your own. However, in the absence of skills in working with building materials, as well as tools for laying aerated concrete with your own hands, it is recommended to entrust the laying of at least the first row to professionals. This will avoid the most serious problems which are the hardest to fix. Also, to simplify the process of building a building from such a material, it is worth:

Use blocks that have clear and uniform dimensions;
Conduct glue mixing using electronic tools. This will reduce the likelihood of the presence of lumps and a heterogeneous consistency in it;
Place blocks on each subsequent row according to a clearly chosen pattern. Start doing this from the corners, and then lay out each wall according to the level;
It is worth reinforcing not only external walls, but also joints with internal;
Using a planer, grind the blocks in order to achieve their maximum compaction.

Common Mistakes

There are common mistakes that are made when building walls of aerated concrete:

Neglecting the creation of a waterproofing layer between the foundation, as well as the first row;
Implementation of masonry without shifting subsequent rows;
Lack of reinforcement in the arrangement of partitions;
Use for styling in winter period non-frost-resistant types of solution;
Ignoring the strengthening of window or door openings. This requires the use of steel corners or reinforced concrete lintels;
The seams between the blocks are poorly or unevenly filled.

For styling aerated concrete walls serious experience is not required, it is important to adhere to the laying technology, as well as strictly observe the horizontal level. This will achieve high rates of strength, as well as thermal insulation.

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