Heating of a private house of a two-pipe scheme 2-storey. Heating scheme for a two-story house - choose and make the best heating system! Collector scheme for heating a two-story house

For a comfortable stay in the private sector, it is necessary to have communications, among which the heating system occupies one of the important places. It depends on the optimal temperature regime, the safety of housing construction and comfort. When designing building plans, specialists include precisely the scheme with forced circulation of heating two storey building. This is due to the need to raise the coolant in the system to an additional height.

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Varieties of heating schemes

A detailed heating scheme for a 2-storey private house with forced circulation is a complex of elements consisting of pipelines, a boiler, fittings, temperature sensors and other components. With their correct choice and installation, the cost of heating housing will significantly decrease, and residents will be satisfied with a cozy microclimate. Currently The heating system of a two-story house can be performed in different ways:

The owner of the cottage chooses the most acceptable and efficient system that would ensure the maintenance of the desired temperature in the house for a certain period of time, was equipped with simple, functional and convenient controls, and made it possible to perform heating according to the "warm floor" type. The heating option is considered optimal when all devices of the system operate using automation.

Forced heating circuit. Heating scheme with forced circulation

The simplest is the scheme of a single-pipe heating system for a two-story house. It is also called "Leningradka". Such a scheme for heating a two-story private house with your own hands can be carried out without special difficulties. Differs in profitability, functioning on a gas or electric boiler, with the help of brick oven, heated, wood, coal. Choosing "Leningradka", you can save on money, since the pipes required to install space heating will be required 2 times less when compared with a two-pipe system. It also has the following positive features:

A single-pipe circuit can be “hidden” under the floor or spread above it. When installing pipes can be placed in horizontal position and in vertical.

However, this can only be used in a one-story building. In a two-story house, the single-pipe heating system can only function if there is a circulation pump.

There are more disadvantages:

the impossibility of manufacturing a "warm floor" with a horizontal contour;
requires welding and necessary checks of connections;
uneven heat transfer from batteries located in different rooms.

The scheme of a single-pipe system is a pipe with all radiators connected to it. The water heated by the boiler is distributed to all batteries in turn, giving off a certain amount of heat in each. Therefore, the one closest to the boiler will be hot, and the last one will be slightly warm.

2. The main elements of the heating system with forced circulation

Circuit with two pipelines

For real comfortable conditions can create a two-pipe heating system. For manufacturing, a larger number of pipes and other additional materials will be required, but the implementation of efficient and high-quality heating of a private house is much more important.

Outwardly, the circuit looks like two pipes - for supply and return, located in parallel. Batteries are connected by branch pipes to both one and the other. Heated water enters each radiator, then the cooled water leaves it directly into the return line. Hot coolant and cold coolant go through different pipelines. With such a heating scheme, the heating temperature of the radiators is approximately the same.

Passing through pipes and radiators, the water flow takes an “easier” path. If a branch occurs, where one section has a greater hydrodynamic resistance than the other, then the liquid coolant will enter the second one, which has less resistance. Consequently, it will be difficult to immediately predict which area will be heated more and which will be weaker.

To regulate the flow of water through heating installations, it is necessary that a balancing throttle be installed on each of them. With this device, homeowners can control the flow of heat and adjust the heating in a two-circuit system. All radiators must be equipped with special Mayevsky taps to eliminate air. The universal scheme can be supplemented with any heat exchange devices: radiators, warm floors, convectors. They will allow you to properly make heating in a two-story house.

The efficiency of a two-pipe system can be increased by collector or beam wiring. Such a scheme is called combined. There is a dead-end type of two-pipe system, when the supply and return lines of the circuit end at the last heat exchanger. In fact, the water flow changes direction, returning to the boiler. The use of a separate associated heating circuit for each floor will facilitate the configuration of the circuit and ensure optimal heating of the entire house. But to increase the effect, you need to make a sidebar for each floor.

Heating scheme for a two-story house underfloor heating + collector heating

forced way

The use of forced circulation heating schemes in two-story houses is used due to the length of the system lines (more than 30 m). This method is carried out using a circulation pump that pumps the liquid of the circuit. It is mounted at the inlet to the heater, where the coolant temperature is the lowest.

With a closed circuit, the degree of pressure that the pump develops does not depend on the number of storeys and the area of \u200b\u200bthe building. The speed of the water flow becomes greater, therefore, when passing through the pipeline lines, the coolant does not cool down much. This contributes to a more even distribution of heat throughout the system and the use of a heat generator in a sparing mode.

Heating system with circulation pump differs in practicality: in spring and autumn periods when there is no frost, it can be used using a low-temperature regime, which cannot be done with the natural circulation of the coolant. Due to the increase in pressure in the circuit against the background of the functioning of the pump, the device of the expansion tank becomes more complicated. Here he is closed type and is divided into two cavities by an elastic membrane. One is for excess fluid in the system, the other is for compressed air that regulates the pressure in the system.

The expansion tank can be located not only at the highest point of the system, but also near the boiler. To perfect the circuit, the designers introduced an accelerating collector into it. Now, if there is a power outage and the subsequent stop of the pump, the system will continue to work in convection mode.

Positive and negative characteristics

Forced circulation allows free positioning of elements heating system relative to each other. Nevertheless, the basic rules for installing the boiler piping, connecting radiators, installing difficult lines should not be ignored. Using forced circulation, You can see the following benefits:

Another advantage of the forced heating method is the choice of a place for installing a heat generator at your discretion. Usually this is the first floor or basement.

With all the advantages of this method of heating, there are also disadvantages. For example, when the coolant passes through the system, noise is heard, which increases at the turns of the heating line and at narrowing points. Often this can be the cause of excessive pump performance that is inappropriate for a particular heating system. The second drawback is the dependence on electricity. When it is turned off, the movement of the coolant in the system will stop, since the circulation pump is powered from the mains. The heat generator for a system with a forced heating method can function using any accessible view fuel. The main thing is to choose a boiler with a power at which it could heat the heated area of \u200b\u200bthe house.

Fundamental for such a system should be the presence of . When heated, the coolant increases in volume in a closed space. For a warning emergencies, at which pipes and radiators are torn, an expansion tank is used. He handles pressure well.

Thanks to the forced circulation heating scheme provided by the pressure pump, heat exchangers can be of different types and materials. A good option- heating "warm floor":

1. For its operation, a high temperature of the coolant is not required.
2. The presence of a pressure pump in the system equipment has an effective effect on the difficult circulation of the coolant (small diameter and large length) of "warm floors".

Metal pipes for the device of the heating system are used very rarely due to their heavy weight and high cost. In addition, they are highly susceptible to corrosive processes, which leads to poor flow circulation.

What is the difference between natural and forced circulation

Therefore it is better to use modern materials: reinforced polypropylene and metal-plastic, which do not have such disadvantages. When purchasing them, it should be remembered that the compression fittings used for connections may fail in a few years due to exposure to high coolant temperatures. It is better not to use these devices in heating, although there is no categorical prohibition.

It is no secret that heating is necessary for a comfortable stay in a private house - sometimes it is impossible to live without heat even in summer time. And if for little house a small “potbelly stove” is quite enough for one room, then something more serious is needed for a two-story house. And the temperature in all rooms needs the same. It is not good if in one room a person is languishing from the heat, and in the next one it freezes. Today we will try to understand which heating scheme for a 2-storey private house is better, whether it is possible to design and install it yourself and what nuances each of them has.

Read in the article:

Heating scheme of a 2-storey house: types of systems and general information

Designing and installing heating systems in two-story private houses is a rather complicated process, but quite feasible. And no matter which of the existing schemes will be applied, installation does not require any special skills. Enough ground rules and carefully and accurately following the instructions. It is this information that we will try to provide today to the dear reader in as much detail as possible.

Heating in private houses can differ not only in the energy component, but also in the distribution systems - they can be either single-pipe or two-pipe. What advantages one scheme has over another remains to be seen. And the quality of subsequent design and installation depends on how accurately the home master understands the difference, as well as comfortable temperature in all areas of the building.

In the meantime, one thing can be said - having on hand detailed diagrams in a private house, it is quite possible to mount it with your own hands. And to begin with, let's figure out what it can be, based on the energy component.

Energy sources for home heating, their features, as well as positive and negative qualities

Heat sources in residential buildings can serve:

electricity- it can be not only various heaters, but also boilers connected to a hydraulic heating system;
natural or liquefied gas- again, boilers or various heaters (for example, infrared);
alternative systems– geothermal heating;
using solid fuel- in other words, stove heating.

Previously, houses were heated mainly with furnace heating but now everything more people switch to electricity or gas. The fact is that progress does not stand still and new types have become much cheaper than solid fuel such as coal or firewood. There is one more advantage of all other types of heating over stove - no time and effort is required to transport fuel, prepare it and remove waste products of combustion.

So, we understand what this or that type of energy used for heating is.

Heating a private house with electricity - the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution

Related article:

How to significantly reduce the cost of? We will consider the most economical way in more detail in the article of our portal, comparing some types of heating systems.

In our time, when many new types of heaters have appeared, such heating has become very economical. But the installation in each room of a two-story house infrared heaters or convectors - it's quite expensive. In addition, it is not a fact that the wiring was installed taking into account such loads. So the only option left is to install an electric boiler with. Some homeowners claim it's cheaper to buy flow heater that does not require storage. However, this is misleading. Indeed, in this case, the boiler will work constantly, 24 hours a day, and with such work, all the savings from the purchase will be nullified in the first months of use.

But we will not talk too much about today, there is a separate topic for this. Now it is important to understand that using electric heating in a private house, with proper installation and selection of equipment, it can become quite convenient and economical way heating.

Expert opinion

Engineer-designer of ES, EM, EO (power supply, electrical equipment, interior lighting) ASP North-West LLC

Ask a specialist

“If you plan to purchase an electric boiler, you need to make sure that the wiring in the house is designed for the load that it will consume. The ideal option there will be installation of a separate line exactly on the boiler with the installation of an automatic machine and a residual current device.”

Heating a private house with gas and what difficulties are associated with it

Such a system, if it works from natural gas also very economical. And yet, its installation is quite complicated and impossible to do with your own hands. All work must be carried out service organization, which has all licenses and permissions for this. And this, as you might guess, is quite high costs to pay for their work. Even the internal installation of the boiler on its own is strictly prohibited, unlike the electric one.

Related article:

As part of this review, we will try to parse. How to choose the best option and prioritize for ordinary users, what models exist, how to properly install on your own.

The periodic audits necessary during operation, which are also performed only by a licensed company, also become costly. On the condition if private house heated by gas cylinders, costs increase several times. But even despite this, such systems remain in demand due to the fact that they are still more economical than the purchase and use of solid fuels.

Heating of a private house gas boiler, in the absence of periodic audits and checks, becomes very dangerous. A very small leak liquid fuel indoors may cause an explosion. That is why homeowners try not to save on the services of professionals.

Gradually fading heating of a private house with solid fuel

Or coal is really gradually disappearing from our lives. Of course, it will never completely disappear, remaining at least in the baths. After all, what is a Russian bath without a birch smell and haze. Well, in houses, of course, such heating today is extremely irrational. In addition to the cost of effort and time, a rather tangible expense is added to financial plan- firewood is very expensive these days.

Of course, the stoves have not gone anywhere from the houses. Now they are everywhere being modernized for gas. But as heating in a private house without gas and electricity (which is extremely rare), this option is quite good. After all, when compared with the importation liquefied gas, there is a saving due to the lack of the need to install optional equipment and serve him. It turns out that although the heating of private houses without gas and electricity cannot be called economical, it also has the right to exist.

The use of alternative heating in private homes and what it is

This species is quite rare for Russia, although in America and Europe almost all personal housing is heated by it. essence geothermal heating a private house is to use the heat of the lower layers of the earth. After all, from the course schooling everyone knows that the deeper, the warmer the soil. This is the principle of this method. The main work here is performed by a heat pump, which concentrates high temperatures, submitting them subsequently to a private house.

positive qualities such heating has a lot. For example:

absolute fire safety - after all, there is no need for gas or any other fuel;
efficiency - the only expense item is electricity, which requires a negligible amount to operate the heat pump;
noiselessness;
work in two modes - heating in winter and cooling in the heat;
environmental friendliness - there are no harmful emissions into the atmosphere;
compactness - the owner does not need to equip separate room in the house under the boiler room or boiler room.

Of course, most often such systems are laid down at the construction stage. But so far in Russia they are not used to such heating. Let's hope everything changes. After all, it is really profitable option heating in winter and cooling in summer - after all, there is no need to purchase and install air conditioners and other similar equipment.

Differences between open and closed heating systems: advantages and disadvantages of each

Those who have experienced the installation of heating systems know that they can be both closed and open. If not, now we will try to explain what they are and how they differ.

Scheme closed systems heating with forced circulation of water imply sealed lines. This prevents air in the pipes that are higher in level. When the water is heated, the valve is activated and the excess flows into the expansion tank. On cooling, the reverse process occurs.

A closed-type heating scheme with a circulation pump is embodied in all apartment buildings. Its main advantage is the absence of evaporation and the possibility of using pipes with a smaller diameter. In such a system, the use of any type of boiler is allowed, regardless of the fuel on which they operate.

The scheme of the open-type heating system is fundamentally different from the previous one. The expansion tank, which is located above the level of the boiler and all pipes, is directly connected to the system, without any valves, which means that when the water level drops, air may enter the highest points, which will lead to a cessation of circulation (in this case it is natural).

The size of the pipes when using an open heating system in a private house is much larger. For this reason, the cost of its installation increases. It is also inconvenient that it is necessary to use as little as possible shaped elements such as knee. At in large numbers turns, the circulation slows down. Electric boilers cannot be used as a heater. After all, the movement of water is quite slow, and therefore there is a danger of its boiling and failure of heating elements.

And of course, one cannot help but dwell separately on the types of circulation.

Forced or natural - which is better to give preference to and what other types are there?

Natural is the independent circulation of water in the system, without the use of a pump or pump. It is used in the case of installation of an open heating system. The point is that when installing recirculation pump in this case, the water will take too long to warm up due to large diameter pipes.

The heating scheme of a two-story house with natural circulation is rather complicated in execution. This applies not only to the size and number of pipes. The main task is to create the necessary uniform slope of the highway along its entire length. And it is not easy to do this in such volumes.

The heating scheme with forced circulation of a two-story house is devoid of such problems, and therefore it is much easier to install it - water moves through pipes using a pump. This means that a uniform slope is no longer necessary.

Important! If the circulation is forced, then you should not think that you can put radiators and mount pipes at random. In any case, accuracy is important. Here, all pipes must be located horizontally and vertically, and radiators must be strictly vertical.

It becomes clear that when choosing between a forced and natural (gravitational) heating system of a two-story house, you need to make a decision based on your capabilities and desires. But still closed, according to experts, is more reliable, easier to perform and requires less financial costs.

Features of various wiring, their pros and cons, as well as the nuances of mounting various circuits

Before engaging in installation, it is necessary to complete the most important part of the work - to draw up a wiring diagram for the heating system in a private house. After all, no matter how simple it may seem, you cannot do without a detailed project. Especially if you plan to heat a two-story house with many rooms.

In addition, it carries one more useful feature(if indeed detailed). It is according to the heating project for two-story houses (as, in fact, any others), that you can calculate the number required material, shaped elements and radiators. And based on these data, it will be possible to determine the upcoming costs. But that's pretty important point.

Many people think that it is very difficult to independently perform such work as heating wiring in a private house, and only professionals can do such work. However, this is not true.

And in order to prove this, now we will present to the attention of the respected reader several different schemes by which such installation can be performed. And after that, everyone will decide for himself which one is closer to him and which one is easier to do on his own. Although, looking ahead, we want to say that, having understood the very essence of these schemes, it becomes clear that any of them is quite simple.

Single-pipe systems: how they are installed

This is the simplest, and therefore the most common heating installation system. Its name already speaks for itself. For convenience, we will try to explain its essence in a simple and in plain language. Let's take a room in which 5 radiators are installed around the perimeter. Then hot water, leaving the boiler, enters the first radiator, passing it goes to the second one and so on in a circle.

exit from last battery connected to the boiler return. It turns out that one pipe runs along the perimeter. At the same time, it does not matter how the radiators themselves are mounted to it - it will be parallel connection, or sequential. It also does not matter whether the scheme of a single-pipe heating system will be with a lower wiring or with an upper one (we will talk about this a little later).

It is this connection that is most often used in houses with a small number of rooms - it allows you to significantly save on the purchase of material. The single-pipe heating system of a private house is quite convenient and unpretentious, but has one drawback. With an increase in the number of radiators, the temperature of the last one in the chain will be noticeably lower than the first one. This is explained by the fact that the water has time to cool down until it passes through all the rooms. So, the scheme of a single-pipe heating system in a two-story house with large area and many rooms will not work. This means that other options should be considered.

Two-pipe systems and their advantages in houses with a large area

The scheme of a two-pipe heating system in a two-story house is also not complicated, but it has its own fundamental differences from the previous version. Taking the same room with 5 radiators around the perimeter, you can build the next "project". From the boiler along all the batteries there are two pipes - supply and return. On the last radiator, they are connected, forming a closed circuit.

The connection is made as follows. Hot water from the boiler enters each of the radiators, and from it it returns to the return line (back to the heater). Thus, we obtain a system in which each heater works directly with the boiler. It is in this case that there will be practically no temperature difference between the radiators, which is required for a comfortable stay.

Device double-circuit heating in a private house with your own hands is not difficult, but requires care. In addition, material costs increase. But sometimes there is simply no other option. In addition, with such a device, even if you open a window in one of the rooms in winter, cooling it to street temperature, even this will not affect the rest of the radiators too much - they will be almost as hot.

At the same time, a two-pipe heating system with an upper wiring may well be made both with forced circulation and with natural circulation. One of the varieties of such a system is the "Tichelman loop". About her now and will be discussed.

Tichelman's scheme - what it is and why it is better than a conventional two-pipe system

If you look at the Tichelman scheme for two-story houses, you can see one interesting detail. Hot water is also supplied to the first radiator, but the return line comes from the last one, although both pipes pass along the perimeter. Thus, a kind of loop is obtained, which, as it were, combines two connections in itself - one-pipe and two-pipe.

The advantage of installing the Tichelman loop on two floors is that even the slightest difference in the temperatures of the radiators disappears, regardless of which room or room they are in. Of course, such a system will cost a little more, and therefore it should be used only in the case of really large areas and the number of radiators.

The Tichelman scheme for a two-story house is quite interesting both in terms of design and installation, but there are also difficulties. It's much easier to get confused with her. It would be advisable to stretch one pipe first, marking each of its branches to the radiator, and only then take it for the second. Otherwise, there is a chance to confuse the supply and return.

The Leningradka scheme: are there any differences between it and a conventional one-pipe system?

If we turn to the usual one-pipe system, then Leningradka can be called one of its varieties, and now we will explain why. In fact, taking the same room as an example, with a single-pipe system, radiators can be connected in series, which makes it impossible to adjust the temperature of each of them separately. By connecting the heating of a private house with your own hands according to the Leningradka scheme, you can get this opportunity.

Standard scheme"Leningradka" - the easiest connection

Installation is carried out as follows. The pipe from the boiler also runs along the perimeter of the room, but is not interrupted anywhere. Through such shaped parts as tees, both the supply to the battery and the return from it are connected to it. In this case, by installing the regulator on the radiator, you can freely adjust the temperature, setting it to a comfortable one - this will be the Leningrad heating system. The scheme for a two-story house is quite simple, and therefore easy to do with your own hands, even by a home master who does not have such experience.

Of course, two-pipe schemes are much more reliable and distribute heat better, but if the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is small, then such a scheme will come in handy. It is also possible to perform the upper wiring. Of course, this is a little more complicated, but there is an option for installing heating with natural circulation.

It is due to its simplicity that such a scheme has become quite widespread among homeowners. If the building area is large enough, then the Leningradka system is unacceptable for heating a two-story house.

Collector heating system - what is its advantage

The use of a collector heating scheme in a two-story house is quite rational decision, which is suitable for both single-pipe and two-pipe systems. Let's try to explain what it is.

It is clear that in a two-story house there is not one room - there are several of them on one. This means that the question arises of distributing the supply of hot water from the boiler to different radiators. In order not to mount a lot of loops, you can do the following. At the outlet of the boiler, a collector is installed, from which as many pipes depart as there are rooms on the floor. For the second, it is better to install a separate one, through a tee.

Also, a shut-off valve is installed on each feed outlet. As a result, we get each room connected separately, the heating of which can be turned off if necessary. The same actions with the return, but without shutoff valves.

It is this system that will allow you to get by with only one pump. In the case of connection through tees, you will have to install a second one, because one may simply not overpower two floors. And for a more complete understanding of this topic, we suggest watching a short video about collector heating in two-story houses.

Many people call such home heating radiant, which is also correct. If we consider the usual double-circuit system, then it is simply impossible to do without the use of such a scheme - after all, a person will not mount a two-pipe scheme for 2-3 rooms.

As for installation, here the radiant heating system is at a height - with its use, the implementation of such work is greatly facilitated. In other words - negative qualities we couldn't find it, although we tried very hard. If one of the respected readers succeeds, please kindly write about it in the discussions, we will be very grateful.

Now about the use of a radiant heating system in private houses with a single-pipe scheme. And here it does not fail, almost to the ideal comparing the temperature indicators of the first and last radiator in the circuit, even without the use of a Tichelman loop. This means that the collector system can be considered a real find.

Thermotechnical calculation of the heating system: why is it needed and how to perform it

To begin with, let's try to understand why it is needed and what we will be able to find out in the end.

Options	Description
Boiler power	Indeed, having carried out full calculations, we will determine this parameter with accuracy. This is necessary in order not to purchase a boiler of less power than necessary (there will not be enough heat to heat all rooms) or more (why overpay for unnecessary waste of fuel or electricity)
Radiator power	This is necessary to determine whether the heat generated by them is enough for the room in which they are located and whether they will have to be kept covered, which again will hit your pocket when purchasing
Monthly heating costs	Budgeting is a pretty important part. Knowing how much you will need to spend per month, this process will be much easier
How to reduce heat loss	This is also very important. After all, in the absence of heat leaks and savings on heating at home increases. We will definitely talk about this today.
Will moisture accumulate	This factor is important not only from the point of view of dampness as a component of heat loss, but also as a factor determining the life of the house itself.

Of course, it is better to hire professional designers for this purpose, but in this case, the payment for their services will be quite an impressive amount. If this is unacceptable, it is better to calculate the heating of a private house with your own hands. But you need to be prepared for the fact that it will be quite difficult to do this. Let's take a look at what you need to know to get started.

Calculating the power of a heating boiler by the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is the easiest step

According to generally accepted rules, 1 kW of power is needed for every 10 m 2. Thus, provided that total area of all heated rooms of the house is 170 m 2, a boiler of 17 kW is required. But do not forget about the additional coefficients.

Too much water (small expansion tank) - water expands when heated and either overflows ( open system), or squeezed out through the emergency valve (closed). Further, the system cools down, there is less water and ... see the previous one.

So these calculations are just as important. Usually, 10% of the total amount of liquid in the system is taken for the volume of the expansion tank. We invite you, again, to use online calculator. After all, it is much easier and faster.

AT modern conditions, when the increased level of consumer culture dictates its own conditions, heating systems (hereinafter referred to as CO) of a private house are designed not only to heat residential premises, but also to create a comfortable microclimate for living in them.

Scheme of the heating system of a two-story house

The figure shows, as an example, the heating scheme of a two-story house with gas double-circuit boiler providing hot water radiators, heated towel rails, underfloor heating and boiler indirect heating.

For a 2-storey building, a heating system with a water coolant is a complex hydro- and heat engineering complex, which includes:

equipment for heating water coolant;
pumping equipment to ensure forced circulation of the coolant;
pipelines of the natural or forced circulation circuit;
shut-off and control valves and fittings;
heating appliances;
autonomous hot water supply system, including indirect heating boilers with a set of accompanying equipment;
automation system for controlling the boiler and other elements of the CO.

CO classification

The heating complex of the "two-story building" is a very difficult project both in terms of planning and in practical implementation. The main reason lies in the need to supply the coolant to the height of the second floor, thereby creating certain loads. Installation of equipment and communications should be carried out with special care and responsibility. For the practical implementation of the project requirements with one's own hands, various CO schemes are used, the classification of which is based on a number of hallmarks. In accordance with the design differences, the heating systems of a 2-storey private house are conditionally divided into several types, among which the main ones are:

CO with one-pipe and two-pipe distribution of the coolant;

Wiring is called the layout heating radiators and connecting pipelines.

The correct choice of the scheme and method of connecting heating batteries with your own hands largely determines the efficiency of the heating complex, economy, aesthetics and a long period of trouble-free operation.

With natural and forced circulation of the coolant;
With top or bottom wiring;
In the direction of movement of the coolant - with dead-end or passing (main) movement.

To designate the selected wiring diagram for the heating system of a private house, it is customary to indicate one indicator from each of the above type of CO.

For example, a circuit variant can be single-pipe or two-pipe, with natural or forced circulation of the water coolant, with lower or upper wiring, the coolant movement is dead-end or passing.

In addition to the listed four types of heating systems, there are also COs with vertical and horizontal risers. For a private house with one heat user, these two types of wiring are equivalent and have no obvious differences between them.

Consider the features of each of these types of heating systems in relation to two-story private houses.

Single-pipe CO

One-pipe systems are a closed circuit of one pipeline. Figuratively speaking, sectional heating batteries are “strung” on this pipeline looped from the boiler outlet to its inlet. The heat received from the boiler is transferred by the coolant sequentially from the radiator to the radiator, washing them internal surfaces. Accordingly, the liquid temperature in each subsequent radiator is lower than in the previous one.

In any single room of a two-story private house, which is located geographically closer to the heat source boiler according to the project, the temperature of the water coolant will be higher than in remote rooms.

The figure illustrates the principle of a one-pipe concept based on the supply of hot (red line from the boiler) and the removal of cooled (blue line to the boiler) coolant through one pipeline route.

The principle of operation of a single-pipe CO

When using a single-pipe heating installation scheme, there are two ways to connect heaters:

The pipelines of the main heating system are connected to the radiator pipes in series along the heating main line according to the “top-down” scheme:

hot water is entered at the top point of the heat appliance (red arrow);
the outlet of the cooling water is through the lower point (blue arrow).

This scheme is the simplest for do-it-yourself installation and the least material-intensive, it does not have additional connections and elements, but it has two huge disadvantages:

it is not allowed to turn off a separate radiator for replacement or local repair work with a filled CO circuit;
it is not possible to adjust the operation of the heating system of the dwelling as a whole and each device separately.

Methods for connecting single-pipe CO heating batteries

The pipelines of the main heating system are connected to the radiator pipes in series along the heating main line according to a scheme that practices the lower connection of hot water (red arrow) and the outlet from the lower opposite pipe (blue arrow). In everyday life, this scheme is called "Leningrad", since the widespread introduction of this method of connecting batteries began in Leningrad during the period of large-scale buildings in the post-war years.

At present, the Leningrad one-pipe circuit for circuits with natural or forced circulation has been successfully improved, having achieved from it the ability to:

complete cut-off of the water coolant supply if local repairs are required in the area of a separate radiator;
do-it-yourself adjustments to the thermal power of the device in the local heating area.

For this in classical scheme shut-off valves were installed in the single-pipe Leningradka at the inlet and outlet of the battery, redirecting the flow of hot coolant from the boiler bypassing the radiator.

Such a popular Leningradka is successfully used in a two-story and even three-story version of a private building. As an example, you can specify the option of bottom connection of radiator sections with closely spaced vertical pipes.

Modern modernized Leningrad schemes with a lower connection of heating equipment

Two-pipe CO

In two-pipe circulation circuits, hot water is supplied from the boiler and the cooled coolant is returned to the boiler through two independent pipelines, called, respectively, supply and return. Unlike a single-pipe Leningrad, heating two-pipe systems are able to supply radiators on both floors of a private two-story building with a coolant of the same temperature, which favorably affects the microclimate of the dwelling.

The figure below shows a diagram of the movement of the water coolant through the heating devices on both floors:

red line - hot water circuit;
the blue line is the circuit with cooled water coming out of the radiators.

Scheme of the movement of the coolant in a two-pipe CO of a two-story house

The following factors are considered to be the most weighty arguments in favor of a two-pipe system in front of Leningrad:

uniform heating of rooms on both floors of a private house;
the ability to adjust the temperature range in each room in automatic mode, coordinating the work of CO with the heating boiler.

Types of circulation in CO

Unlike multi-apartment residential buildings, in which the centralized supply of hot coolant limits apartment residents in choosing a heating system (almost all residents have Leningrad with forced fluid supply), owners of private two-story buildings have the right to independently determine the type of installation with their own hands CO with a natural type of circulation or forced heat transfer option. Consider distinctive features each of the types of supply in relation to two-story buildings.

Natural

The principle of operation of this system is based on the process of displacing hot water with colder water due to the difference in liquid densities at different heating temperatures.

For this reason, often heating circuits with a natural induction of heat movement are also called gravitational or gravity systems.

Scheme of the gravity flow of the water coolant when heating a two-story building

The following features are typical for the circulation circuit on the gravitational induction of the water coolant:

low speed of movement of water mass along the heating main;
the need to use pipes of large diameters (D at least one to one and a half inches);
strict adherence to the necessary slopes of horizontal sections during installation with your own hands;
to ensure all the slopes, the boiler often has to be sunk in a special recess.

The gravitational scheme is morally obsolete to some extent. Doesn't apply to her. modern tendencies in the modernization of heating systems of private buildings:

do not put in gravity circuits polymer pipes, since there is a possibility of their melting when water boils in the pipeline at high loads on the boiler;
there is no possibility of adjusting the local section of the heating main or a separate heater;
the impossibility of turning off a separate radiator without disrupting the operation of the entire CO.

All these shortcomings are covered by one huge plus, thanks to which gravity systems are still mounted. This important factor is the energy independence of heating, that is, the ability to heat a house without electricity in areas with power outages.

Forced

In these systems, the movement of the coolant occurs due to the injection of excess pressure by the circulation pump.

Scheme of the movement of the coolant in the pressurized CO in a two-story building

Compared to gravity circuits, forced circulation in two-story houses has several advantages:

more high speed fluid movement in pipes;
small diameters of the flow section of pipes of the heating main;
the possibility of laying pipes in a convenient way for installation;
the possibility of implementing any project to automate the control of the microclimate in the home;
simple adjustment of system parameters.

In two-story buildings of an old building with a previously installed gravity system, it is allowed to install a pump as part of the modernization, which will make it possible to realize the main advantages of pressure systems.

Type of piping

The upper wiring of the heating main sends the hot coolant directly from the boiler to the attic. From there, hot water is distributed to the radiators of both floors. In the case of lower wiring, hot water from the boiler will be directed to the heating risers from below, that is, from basement. Both types of supply are operable for one-pipe and two-pipe circuits, although top-feed options are more acceptable for two-pipe CO.

Dead-end and passing schemes

The figure below shows the diagrams of both options for heating systems. According to the dead-end scheme, the hot coolant (red line) enters the radiator and leaves it on one side, while inside the radiator the water flow moves to a certain dead-end point, turns around, changes its route to the opposite direction and exits the radiator with a changed motion vector (blue line ).

Schemes of movement of the coolant in heating systems

With a passing wiring diagram, the flow of cooled water (blue line) exits the radiator from the opposite side than it gets there in a hot state (red line).

Video about CO schemes

What schemes of heating systems exist and which one is better to choose for a home can be found in this video.

In step with the improvement of the designs of heating technology, the development of the heating systems themselves is also marching. Not so long ago, Leningrad or the “Tikhelman loop” was considered a progress in the installation of plumbing, now a new trend in the field of heating private buildings has been mastered by domestic builders. We are talking about collector heating systems serving the internal heating network of a residential building. House owners strive to automate the maintenance of thermal communications and appliances as much as possible, so heating systems will continue to develop.

In contact with

The choice of heating scheme for a two-story house depends on its area and layout. The most familiar and widespread scheme for summer cottages and country houses there is still a heating system with natural circulation of the coolant, not much different from the heating scheme of one-story houses.

The only feature of the natural circulation heating distribution scheme in a two-story house is the choice of a place to install an expansion tank. There is no need to take it to the attic and you can limit yourself to location anywhere on the second floor (of course, at the highest point of the room), providing the ability to discharge the coolant.

With this method of connecting heating devices, the coolant enters them from above (upper wiring), which ensures uniform heating of radiators and heated rooms. To ensure the directed movement of the heat carrier, the pipes must be laid with a slope of 3-5 degrees, bearing in mind that the diameter of the return pipeline should increase as it approaches the boiler.

The supply pipeline can be laid under the ceiling or under the window sills. Examples of connecting radiators are shown in Figure 1.

Among the advantages of the heating scheme of a two-story house with natural circulation are:

Independence from the power supply
Reliability
Ease of operation
Noiseless operation of the system

Unfortunately, there are many more disadvantages in a natural circulation heating system than advantages:

The complexity of installation and the need to lay pipes with a mandatory slope
Small heated area: the system simply does not have enough pressure to heat a two-story house with an area of more than 130 m2
Low efficiency
Large temperature difference between supply and return, which adversely affects the operation of the boiler
The presence of oxygen in the coolant and, as a result, internal corrosion of the system
The need to monitor the level of constantly evaporating coolant and add it. As a result, scale forms on the pipes.
For the same reason, you can not use antifreeze
High material consumption of the system

It is much more efficient to use heating systems with forced circulation of the coolant in a two-story house. In this case, it is easiest to implement the following schemes:

Single pipe
Two-pipe
Collector

You can do them yourself

One-pipe heating scheme for a two-story house

With a single-pipe scheme for connecting heating devices, the movement of the coolant is divided into two branches, one of which goes to the first floor, and the second to the second floor. On each floor, shut-off valves are installed at the inlet of the heating pipe, which allows heating only half of the premises.

After passing through the heating devices, the pipes with the coolant are again combined into one going to the boiler. The connection of radiators on each floor is the same as for one-story buildings.

To regulate the level of heating of radiators and to balance the system, shut-off valves are installed at the inlet of each heater. Shut-off valves are also installed at the outlet of the radiator, designed to turn it off in case of replacement or repair. With this connection, the replacement of heating devices can be performed without stopping the entire system and draining the water. Also, a valve for air release is installed on each radiator in its upper part.

The installation of radiators is carried out with a bypass line, which greatly increases the uniformity of heating the room. It is possible to install heaters without a bypass line, but in this case it is necessary to install heaters of various thermal power in the house, taking into account the loss of coolant cooling: the farther from the boiler, the more sections the radiator should have. If you do not follow this rule, then in some rooms it will be hot, while in others, on the contrary, it will be cold.

The heating scheme of a two-story house can be without shut-off valves, or rather, with a smaller number of them, but at the same time its maneuverability is greatly reduced. In this case, it is no longer necessary to talk about separate heating of the first and second floors.

Advantages and disadvantages of a single-pipe heating system

Single pipe heating system is relatively easy to install
Its use ensures efficient heat dissipation
The single-pipe heating system of a two-story house allows you to save on materials.

The disadvantages of this type of heating system include the uneven distribution of heat over the heaters, as well as the need to balance the system.

The two-pipe heating system of a two-story house with forced circulation of the coolant is deprived of all these shortcomings.

Heating scheme with forced circulation of a two-story house

The two-pipe forced circulation heating system of a two-story house provides even heat distribution and is a more efficient system; it is not for nothing that it is often compared to the human circulatory system. In it, the heated coolant is supplied to each heater separately through a branch from a common supply pipe. A branch is also provided for the return pipeline from each radiator.

Radiators are installed with air vents and shut-off valves on the supply pipe, which allows you to change the degree of heating of the heater. For safety reasons and to avoid excessive pressure in the heater, no shut-off valves are installed on the return pipe from the radiator. The supply pipe can be laid under the ceiling or under the window sill.

The only drawback of a two-pipe heating system is its high material consumption: pipes are needed in double quantity for supply and return. In addition, pipes are difficult to decorate, and it is not always possible to hide them. All these shortcomings are deprived of a collector heating circuit.

Collector scheme for heating a two-story house

Collector scheme with equal success it can be used for heating both one-story and two-story houses. It works only with the forced movement of the coolant, which is preliminarily supplied to the collector. In this case, each heating device is separately connected to the collector through a shut-off valve.

This connection method allows you to mount and dismantle heaters on a working system, without stopping it and draining the coolant.

The system is easy to manage. Each circuit is independent and can be connected to a separate automatic control system with a separate circulation pump.
Can be connected to underfloor heating
You can hide the pipes in the raised floor by placing the collector in a separate cabinet
The heating system is simply mounted and can be done "with your own hands"

What to give preference

Any of the above heating schemes for a two-story house has been tested in practice and has repeatedly proven its effectiveness. There is no fundamental difference between them. It is much easier to implement a collector heating scheme in practice.

User Questions:

What diameter of plastic pipes should be used in a two-pipe heating system of a two-story house?
With a forced circulation system, how to make wiring on the second floor so that the solid fuel boiler does not boil when the electricity is turned off
What heating system is better to use for a three-story kindergarten?
Hello. Tell me please. Single storey house with basement. A boiler room is attached at the level of the first floor (the boiler is on the first floor, I want to note - NOT in the basement). How to properly assemble a single-pipe system, where to install a circulation pump
In accordance with what regulatory documents, the heating system scheme is selected (single-pipe, two-pipe, with lower wiring, with upper wiring, dead-end)
Hello. Two-storey house. On the ground floor there is an electric boiler and a serial connection diagram for radiators. On the ground floor there is an electric boiler, but the wiring diagram is collector. It is possible to unite them and close them to one boiler. Both schemes have
Hello! Two-pipe horizontal heating system with forced circulation. The house is two-storey. On the second floor there are 2 radiators. Can I power them from two different ground floor points?
Good afternoon! Is it possible to combine a two-pipe and one-pipe system in a heating circuit? Thank you
Is a battery bypass required? If so, which SNiP regulates this?
hello, please tell me what diameters of pipes you need to draw heating lines for a two-storey building
Good day! I have a two-storey house on the second floor with 10 radiators, on the first floor there are 10 radiators! I bought a Ferroli floor-standing boiler and a pump, I want to make a forced heating system, two-pipe! Please tell me how? Thank you in advance, with respect Geor
I have a 2 storey house. On the ground floor there is heating without a pump. Second floor without heating. Is it possible to connect the second floor to the existing heating through a pump, and leave the first floor without a pump? All heating from one boiler. If possible, how?
Good afternoon! Tell me please! My husband and I built the house ourselves without involving other persons. But we can’t decide on heating. The house on the 2nd floor has a boiler room at the level of the 1st floor.
Good day. Hanging boiler, two pipe system polypropylene 25 mm. Built an attic. On the second floor, the builders launched a metal-plastic pipe 20 under the floor. THANK.

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