Ventilation system options for individual heating points. Thermal points Project of thermal input to the building

Below are the requirements normative documents concerning the premises heating point. This list of requirements is not exhaustive and will expand over time. Technical requirements to the Heat Substation Premises were taken from normative documentation regulating the design, installation and operation engineering systems residential and public buildings and may differ from similar rules for objects of other purposes.

DBN V.2.5-39 Heating networks

Clause 16.5 - Chapter 16 Heat points

In the premises of heat points, the location of equipment for sanitary systems of buildings and structures is allowed.

In heating substations built into residential buildings, only pumps with an acceptable (low) noise level should be installed.

Clause 16.20 - Chapter 16 Heat points

A ladder should be installed in the floor of the heating point, and if gravity drainage of water is not possible, a drainage pit with a size of at least 0.5x0.5x0.8m should be equipped. The pit should be covered with a removable grate.

It is allowed to arrange the descent of water not into a pit or ladder of a heating point, but into special containers.

To pump water from catchment pit into the sewerage, drain or associated drainage system, use one drainage pump.

The pump intended for pumping water from the catchment pit is not allowed to be used for flushing the heat consumption system.

SNiP 2.04.01 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings

Clause 12.3 - Chapter 12 Pumping installations

Pumping units that supply water for household, fire-fighting and circulation needs should, as a rule, be located in the premises of heating points, boiler rooms and boiler rooms.

Clause 12.4 - Chapter 12 Pumping installations

dispose pumping units(except for firefighters) directly under residential apartments, children's or group rooms kindergartens and nurseries, classrooms of secondary schools, hospital premises, work rooms administrative buildings, audiences educational institutions and other similar premises is not allowed.

Pumping units with fire-fighting pumps and hydropneumatic tanks for internal fire extinguishing may be located in the first and basement floors of buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance from non-combustible materials. At the same time, the premises of pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks must be heated, fenced off with fire walls (partitions) and ceilings and have a separate exit to the outside or to stairwell.

Notes:

1. In some cases, in agreement with the local bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service, it is allowed to locate pumping units next to the listed premises, while the total noise level in the premises should not exceed 30 dB.
2. Place rooms with hydropneumatic tanks directly (near, above, below) with rooms where simultaneous stay is possible a large number people - 50 people. and more (auditorium, stage, dressing room, etc.) is not allowed. Hydropneumatic tanks are allowed to be located in technical floors. When designing hydropneumatic tanks, the requirements of the "Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels" of the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor should be taken into account. At the same time, the need to register hydropneumatic tanks is established by paragraphs 6-2-1 and 6-2-2 of these Rules.
3. It is not allowed to locate fire-fighting pumping units in buildings where the power supply is interrupted during the absence of maintenance personnel.

SNiP 2.04.05 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Clause 10.8 - Chapter 10 Space-planning and design solutions

In case of centralized heat supply of buildings, they must be provided with rooms for individual heat points, which must meet the requirements of the norms for the design of heat networks. To accommodate electronic appliances commercial metering of heat consumption, it is necessary to provide premises protected from unauthorized access that meet the requirements for the operation of these devices.

Appendix 2

Typical requirements for premisesfor placement of metering units for thermal energy of consumers

Premises for the placement of metering stations for thermal energy of consumers must comply with the requirements established by the following regulatory documents:

1. JV "Design of heat points" (Introduction date
01.07.1996);

2. Rules for accounting for thermal energy and coolant (approved by order
Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 01.01.2001 No. VK-4936);

3. Rules technical operation thermal power plants
(approved by the order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia);

4. Rules for the installation of electrical installations;

5. SNiP 2.04.07-86* Heating networks (with Amendments No. 1,2) (approved
Decree of the Gosstroy of the USSR dated 01.01.2001 No. 75).

The heat energy metering unit is equipped at a heat point owned by the consumer.

Individual heating points (hereinafter - ITP) must be built into the buildings they serve and located in separate rooms on the ground floor near the outer walls of the building. It is allowed to place ITP in technical undergrounds or in the basements of buildings and structures.

Buildings of detached and attached ITPs should be provided as one-story, it is allowed to build basements in them to accommodate equipment, collect, cool and pump condensate and sewerage facilities.

Stand-alone ITPs are allowed to be underground, provided:

Absences ground water in the area of placement and sealing of inputs
engineering communications to the building of the heating point, excluding
the possibility of flooding the heating point with sewer,
flood and other waters;

Ensuring gravity drainage of water from pipelines of thermal
item;

Ensuring automated operation of thermal equipment
point without permanent service personnel with emergency
alarm and partial remote control with
control room.

For explosive and fire hazard premises of heat points should be classified as category D.

Heat points are allowed to be placed in industrial premises categories G and D, as well as in technical basements and undergrounds of residential and public buildings. At the same time, the premises of heat points should be separated from these rooms by fences (partitions) that prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the heat point.

In the premises of heat points, fencing should be finished with durable, moisture-resistant materials that allow easy cleaning, the following must be done:

Plastering of the ground part of brick walls;

Jointing of panel walls;

Ceiling whitewashing;

Concrete or tile flooring floors.

The walls of the heating points must be covered with tiles or painted to a height of 1.5 m from the floor with oil or other waterproof paint, above 1.5 m from the floor - with adhesive or other similar paint.

From the heat points built into buildings, exits should be provided:

a) if the length of the premises of the heating point is 12 m or less, and
its location at a distance of less than 12 m from the exit from the building to the outside
- one exit to the outside through the corridor or stairwell;

b) if the length of the premises of the heating point is 12 m or less, and
its location at a distance of more than 12 m from the exit from the building - one
independent exit;

c) if the length of the premises of the heating point is more than 12 m - two
exit, one of which should be directly outside, the second -
through a corridor or stairwell.

In underground, detached or attached heat points, it is allowed to place a second exit through an attached shaft with a hatch or through a hatch in the ceiling, and in heat points located in technical undergrounds or basements of buildings - through a hatch in the wall

Doors and gates from the heat point must be opened from the room or building of the heat point away from you.

Dimension doorway ITP should provide free passage of personnel.

All passages, entrances, exits must be lit, free, safe for movement.

The passage between the equipment, pipelines must ensure free passage of personnel and be at least 0.6 m. Transition platforms must be arranged through pipelines located at or above the floor level.

The height of the premises from the mark of the finished floor to the bottom of the protruding floor structures (in the light) is recommended to be at least 2.2 m.

At placement of ITP in the basement and basement rooms, as well as in the technical undergrounds of buildings, the height of the rooms and free passages to them is not less than 1.8 m.

For water runoff, floors should be designed with a slope of 0.01 towards the drain or catchment pit. Minimum dimensions the catchment pit must be in plan - at least 0.5 x 0.5 m, with a depth of at least 0.8 m. The pit must be covered with a removable grate.

In heating points, open laying of pipes should be provided. It is allowed to lay pipes in channels, the top of the overlap of which is combined with the level of the finished floor, if these channels do not allow explosive or combustible gases and liquids to enter the heating point.

Channels must have removable covers with a unit weight of not more than 30 kg.

The bottom of the channels should have a longitudinal slope of at least 0.02 towards the catchment pit.

For maintenance of equipment and fittings located at a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m from the floor, mobile or portable structures (platforms) should be provided. In cases where it is impossible to create passages for mobile platforms, as well as for servicing equipment and fittings located at a height of 2.5 m or more, it is necessary to provide stationary platforms 0.6 m wide with fences and permanent stairs. The distance from the level of the stationary platform to the ceiling must be at least 1.8 m.

Minimum distance from the edge of the movable supports to the edge supporting structures(traverses, brackets, support pads) of pipelines should provide the maximum possible displacement of the support in the lateral direction with a margin of at least 50 mm. In addition, the minimum distance from the edge of the traverse or bracket to the axis of the pipe must be at least 1.0 Dy (where Dy is the nominal diameter of the pipe).

Distance from the surface of the thermal insulation structure of the pipeline to building structures building or to the surface of the heat-insulating structure of another pipeline must be at least 30 mm clear, taking into account the movement of the pipeline.

The laying of the water supply system must be carried out in one row or under the pipelines of heating networks, while thermal insulation plumbing to prevent the formation of condensate on the surface of water pipes.

In heating points, the supply pipeline must be located to the right of the return pipeline (along the flow of the coolant in the supply pipeline) when laying pipelines in one row.

For heating points, supply and exhaust ventilation should be provided, designed for air exchange, determined by heat emissions from pipelines and equipment. design temperature air in working area in the cold season should be taken no higher than 28 ° C, in the warm season - 5 ° C higher than the outside temperature.

In the premises of heat points, it is necessary to carry out measures for the destruction of insects, rodents (disinfestation, deratization).

SNiP 41-02-2003

14.1 Heat points are subdivided into:
individual heating points (ITP)- for connection of heating, ventilation, hot water supply systems and technological heat-using installations of one building or its part;
central heating points (CHP)- the same, two buildings or more.
14.2 The heating points provide for the placement of equipment, fittings, control, management and automation devices, through which the following are carried out:
conversion of the type of coolant or its parameters; control of coolant parameters;
accounting for thermal loads, coolant and condensate flow rates;
regulation of heat carrier flow and distribution to heat consumption systems (through distribution networks in central heating stations or directly to ITP systems);
protection local systems from an emergency increase in the parameters of the coolant;
filling and make-up of heat consumption systems;
collection, cooling, return of condensate and control of its quality;
heat storage;
water treatment for hot water systems.
In a heating point, depending on its purpose and local conditions all of the listed activities or only a part of them can be carried out. Devices for monitoring the parameters of the coolant and accounting for heat consumption should be provided in all heating points.
14.3 The input ITP device is mandatory for each building, regardless of the presence of the central heating point, while the ITP provides only those measures that are necessary for connecting this building and are not provided for in the central heating point.
14.4 In closed and open systems heat supply, the need for a central heating station for residential and public buildings should be justified by a feasibility study.
14.5 It is allowed to place equipment of sanitary systems of buildings and structures, including booster pumping units that supply water for household and drinking and fire fighting needs, in the premises of heat points.
14.6 The basic requirements for the placement of pipelines, equipment and fittings in heating points should be adopted according to Appendix B.
14.7 Connection of heat consumers to heat networks in heating points should be provided according to schemes that ensure the minimum water consumption in heat networks, as well as heat savings through the use of heat flow regulators and limiters maximum flow network water, correction pumps or elevators with automatic control, reducing the temperature of the water entering the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.
14.8 The design water temperature in the supply pipelines after the CHP should be taken:
when connecting heating systems of buildings according to a dependent scheme - equal, as a rule, to the calculated water temperature in the supply pipeline of heating networks to the central heating station;
with an independent circuit - no more than 30 ° C lower than the calculated water temperature in the supply pipeline of heat networks to the central heating station, but not higher than 150 ° C and not lower than the calculated temperature adopted in the consumer's system.
Independent pipelines from the central heating station for connecting ventilation systems with an independent connection scheme for heating systems are provided for with a maximum heat load on ventilation of more than 50% of the maximum heat load on heating.
14.9 When calculating the heating surface of water-to-water water heaters for hot water supply and heating systems, the water temperature in the supply pipeline of the heating network should be taken equal to the temperature at the break point of the water temperature graph or minimum temperature water, if there is no break in the temperature graph, and for heating systems - also the water temperature corresponding to the calculated outdoor temperature for heating design. The largest of the obtained values of the heating surface should be taken as the calculated one.
14.10 When calculating the heating surface of hot water supply water heaters, the temperature of the heated water at the outlet from the water heater to the hot water supply system should be assumed to be at least 60 °C.
14.11 For high-speed sectional water-to-water water heaters, a countercurrent scheme of heat carrier flows should be adopted, while heating water from the heating network should flow:
in water heaters of heating systems - in tubes;
the same, hot water supply - in the annulus.
In steam-water water heaters, steam must enter the annulus.
For hot water supply systems with steam heating networks, it is allowed to use capacious water heaters, using them as storage tanks hot water subject to the compliance of their capacity required in the calculation for storage tanks.
In addition to high-speed water heaters, it is possible to use other types of water heaters with high thermal and technical performance characteristics, small size.
14.12 The minimum number of water-to-water water heaters should be taken:
two, connected in parallel, each of which must be calculated for 100% of the heat load - for heating systems of buildings that do not allow interruptions in the supply of heat;
two, designed for 75% of the heat load each, for heating systems of buildings constructed in areas with an estimated outdoor air temperature below minus 40 °C;
one - for other heating systems;
two, connected in parallel in each stage of heating, designed for 50% of the heat load each, - for hot water supply systems.
With a maximum heat load on hot water supply of up to 2 MW, it is allowed to provide one hot water heater in each heating stage, except for buildings that do not allow interruptions in the supply of heat to hot water supply.
When installing steam-water heaters in heating, ventilation or hot water supply systems, their number should be at least two, connected in parallel, backup water heaters can be omitted.
For technological installations that do not allow interruptions in the supply of heat, backup water heaters designed for heat load in accordance with the mode of operation of the technological installations of the enterprise.
14.13 On pipelines, fittings with shutoff valves should be provided conditional pass 15 mm for air release at the highest points of all pipelines and a nominal bore of at least 25 mm - for draining water at the lowest points of water and condensate pipelines.
It is allowed to carry out devices for draining water not in the pit of the central heating substation, but outside the central heating substation in special chambers.
14.14 Mud collectors should be installed:
in the heating point on the supply pipelines at the input;
on the return pipeline in front of control devices and metering devices for water and heat consumption - no more than one;
in ITP - regardless of their presence in the central heating point;
in thermal units of consumers of the 3rd category - on the supply pipeline at the input.
Before mechanical water meters (vane, turbine), plate heat exchangers and other equipment, filters should be installed along the water flow (at the request of the manufacturer).
14.15 In heating points, it is not allowed to install jumpers between the supply and return pipelines of heating networks, as well as bypass pipelines in addition to pumps (except for booster pumps), elevators, control valves, mud collectors and devices for metering water and heat consumption.
Overflow regulators and steam traps must have bypass piping.
14.16 To protect against internal corrosion and scale formation of pipelines and equipment of centralized hot water supply systems connected to heating networks through water heaters, water treatment should be provided, usually carried out in the central heating station. In ITP, only magnetic and silicate water treatment is allowed.
14.17 Processing drinking water should not worsen its sanitary and hygienic indicators. Reagents and materials used for water treatment, which have direct contact with water entering the hot water supply system, must be allowed by the Gossanepidnadzor of Russia for use in the practice of drinking water supply.
14.18 When installing storage tanks for hot water supply systems in thermal substations with vacuum deaeration, it is necessary to provide for the protection of the inner surface of the tanks from corrosion and the water in them from aeration by using sealing liquids. In the absence of vacuum deaeration inner surface tanks must be protected from corrosion through the use of protective coatings or cathodic protection. The design of the tank should include a device that prevents the ingress of sealing liquid into the hot water supply system.
14.19 For heat points, it is necessary to provide supply and exhaust ventilation, designed for air exchange, determined by heat release from pipelines and equipment. The design air temperature in the working area in the cold season should be taken no higher than 28 ° C, in the warm season - 5 ° C higher than the outside air temperature according to parameters A. When placing heating points in residential and public buildings it is necessary to make a verification calculation of heat transfer from the heat point to the premises adjacent to it. If the permissible air temperature in these rooms exceeds the permissible air temperature, measures should be taken for additional thermal insulation of the enclosing structures of adjacent rooms.
14.20 A ladder should be installed in the floor of the heating point, and if gravity water drainage is not possible, a drainage pit should be arranged with a size of at least 0.5 - 0.5 x 0.8 m. The pit is covered with a removable grate.
One drainage pump should be provided for pumping water from the catchment pit into the sewerage system, drain or associated drainage. The pump intended for pumping water from the catchment pit is not allowed to be used for flushing heat consumption systems.
14.21 In heat points, measures should be taken to prevent the excess of noise levels allowed for premises of residential and public buildings. Heat points equipped with pumps are not allowed to be placed adjacently under or above the premises residential apartments, sleeping and playing preschool institutions, sleeping quarters of boarding schools, hotels, hostels, sanatoriums, rest houses, boarding houses, wards and operating rooms of hospitals, rooms with a long stay of patients, doctors' offices, auditoriums of entertainment enterprises.
14.22 Minimum distances in the light from free-standing ground-based central heating stations to the outer walls of the listed premises should be at least 25 m.
In particularly cramped conditions, it is allowed to reduce the distance to 15 m, subject to acceptance additional measures to reduce noise to acceptable sanitary standards level.
14.23 According to placement on the master plan, heat points are divided into stand-alone, attached to buildings and structures and built into buildings and structures.
14.24 Heat points built into buildings should be placed in separate rooms near the outer walls of buildings.
14.25 Outputs from the heating point should be provided:
if the length of the premises of the heating point is 12 m or less - one exit to the adjacent room, corridor or stairwell;
with a heating point room length of more than 12 m - two exits, one of which should be directly outside, the second - to an adjacent room, stairwell or corridor.
Premises of thermal points of steam consumers with a pressure of more than 0.07 MPa must have at least two exits, regardless of the dimensions of the room.
14.26 Openings for natural light heating points are not required. Doors and gates must be opened from the room or building of the heating point away from you.
14.27 In terms of explosion and fire hazard, the premises of heat points must comply with category D according to NPB 105.
14.28 Heat points located in the premises of industrial and storage buildings, as well as administrative buildings industrial enterprises, in residential and public buildings, should be separated from other premises by partitions or fences that prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the heating point.
14.29 For the installation of equipment, the dimensions of which exceed the dimensions of the doors, in ground heating points, installation openings or gates in the walls should be provided.
At the same time, the dimensions of the mounting opening and the gate should be 0.2 m more than overall dimensions largest equipment or piping block.
14.30 Inventory hoisting and transport devices should be provided for moving equipment and fittings or integral parts of equipment blocks.
If it is impossible to use inventory devices it is allowed to provide stationary lifting and transport devices:
with a mass of transported cargo from 0.1 to 1.0 tons - monorails with manual hoists and crampons or manual single-girder overhead cranes;
the same, more than 1.0 to 2.0 tons - single-girder manual overhead cranes;
the same, more than 2.0 tons - single-girder electric overhead cranes.
It is allowed to provide for the possibility of using mobile lifting and transport vehicles.
14.31 For maintenance of equipment and fittings located at a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m from the floor, mobile platforms or portable devices (ladders) should be provided. If it is impossible to create passages for mobile platforms, as well as maintenance of equipment and fittings located at a height of 2.5 m or more, it is necessary to provide stationary platforms with a fence and permanent stairs. The dimensions of platforms, stairs and fences should be taken in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23120.
Distance from the level of the stationary site to top floor must be at least 2 m.
14.32 In central heating with constant service personnel a bathroom with a washbasin should be provided.

Individual is a whole complex of devices located in separate room, which includes elements thermal equipment. It provides connection to the heating network of these installations, their transformation, control of heat consumption modes, operability, distribution by types of heat carrier consumption and regulation of its parameters.

Heating point individual

A thermal installation that deals with or of its individual parts is an individual heating point, or abbreviated ITP. It is intended to provide hot water supply, ventilation and heat to residential buildings, housing and communal services, as well as industrial complexes.

For its operation, it will be necessary to connect to the water and heat system, as well as the power supply necessary to activate the circulation pumping equipment.

A small individual heating point can be used in a single-family house or a small building connected directly to the centralized heating network. Such equipment is designed for space heating and water heating.

A large individual heating point is engaged in the maintenance of large or multi-apartment buildings. Its power ranges from 50 kW to 2 MW.

Main tasks

The individual heat point provides the following tasks:

Accounting for heat and coolant consumption.
Protection of the heat supply system from an emergency increase in the parameters of the coolant.
Shutdown of the heat consumption system.
Uniform distribution of the coolant throughout the heat consumption system.
Adjustment and control of parameters of the circulating liquid.
coolant.

Advantages

High economy.
Long-term operation of an individual heating point has shown that modern equipment of this type, unlike other non-automated processes, consumes 30% less
Operating costs are reduced by about 40-60%.
Choice optimal mode heat consumption and precise adjustment will reduce the loss of thermal energy by up to 15%.
Silent operation.
Compactness.
The overall dimensions of modern heat points are directly related to the heat load. With compact placement, an individual heating point with a load of up to 2 Gcal / h occupies an area of 25-30 m 2.
Possibility of location this device in the basement of small-sized premises (both in existing and newly built buildings).
The work process is fully automated.
Highly qualified personnel are not required to service this thermal equipment.
ITP (individual heating point) provides indoor comfort and guarantees effective energy saving.
The ability to set the mode, focusing on the time of day, the use of the weekend and holiday, as well as carrying out weather compensation.
Individual production depending on the requirements of the customer.

Thermal energy accounting

The basis of energy saving measures is the metering device. This accounting is required to perform calculations for the amount of consumed thermal energy between the heat supply company and the subscriber. After all, very often estimated consumption much more than the actual one due to the fact that when calculating the load, heat energy suppliers overestimate their values, referring to additional expenses. Similar situations will avoid the installation of metering devices.

Appointment of metering devices

Ensuring fair financial settlements between consumers and suppliers of energy resources.
Documentation of heating system parameters such as pressure, temperature and flow rate.
Control of rational use power systems.
Control over the hydraulic and thermal regime of the heat consumption and heat supply system.

The classic scheme of the meter

Thermal energy counter.
Pressure gauge.
Thermometer.
Thermal converter in the return and supply pipeline.
Primary flow converter.
Mesh-magnetic filter.

Service

Connecting a reader and then taking readings.
Analysis of errors and finding out the reasons for their occurrence.
Checking the integrity of seals.
Analysis of results.
Checking technological indicators, as well as comparing the readings of thermometers on the supply and return pipelines.
Adding oil to the sleeves, cleaning the filters, checking the ground contacts.
Removal of dirt and dust.
Recommendations for correct operation internal heating networks.

Heating substation scheme

IN classical scheme ITP includes the following nodes:

Entering the heating network.
Metering device.
Connecting the ventilation system.
Connection heating system.
Hot water connection.
Coordination of pressures between heat consumption and heat supply systems.
Make-up of heating and ventilation systems connected according to an independent scheme.

When developing a project for a heating point, the obligatory nodes are:

Metering device.
Pressure matching.
Entering the heating network.

Completion with other nodes, as well as their number is selected depending on the design solution.

Consumption systems

The standard scheme of an individual heat point can have the following systems for providing thermal energy to consumers:

Heating.
Hot water supply.
Heating and hot water supply.
Heating and ventilation.

ITP for heating

ITP (individual heating point) - an independent scheme, with the installation of a plate heat exchanger, which is designed for 100% load. Installation of the double pump compensating losses of level of pressure is provided. The heating system is fed from the return pipeline of the heating networks.

This heating point can be additionally equipped with a hot water supply unit, a metering device, as well as other necessary units and assemblies.

ITP for hot water supply

ITP (individual heating point) - an independent, parallel and single-stage scheme. The package includes two plate-type heat exchangers, each of them is designed for 50% of the load. There is also a group of pumps designed to compensate for pressure drops.

Additionally, the heating point can be equipped with a heating system unit, a metering device and other necessary units and assemblies.

ITP for heating and hot water

In this case, the operation of an individual heating point (ITP) is organized according to an independent scheme. For the heating system, a plate heat exchanger is provided, which is designed for 100% load. The hot water supply scheme is independent, two-stage, with two plate-type heat exchangers. In order to compensate for the decrease in the pressure level, a group of pumps is provided.

The heating system is fed with the help of appropriate pumping equipment from the return pipeline of heating networks. The hot water supply is fed from the cold water supply system.

In addition, ITP (individual heating point) is equipped with a metering device.

ITP for heating, hot water supply and ventilation

The connection of the thermal installation is carried out according to an independent scheme. For heating and ventilation system a plate heat exchanger is used, designed for 100% load. The hot water supply scheme is independent, parallel, single-stage, with two plate heat exchangers, each designed for 50% of the load. The pressure drop is compensated by a group of pumps.

The heating system is fed from the return pipe of the heating networks. The hot water supply is fed from the cold water supply system.

Additionally, an individual heating point can be equipped with a metering device.

Principle of operation

The scheme of the heat point directly depends on the characteristics of the source supplying energy to the ITP, as well as on the characteristics of the consumers it serves. The most common for this thermal installation is closed system hot water supply with connection of the heating system according to an independent scheme.

An individual heating point has the following principle of operation:

Through the supply pipeline, the coolant enters the ITP, gives off heat to the heaters of the heating and hot water supply systems, and also enters the ventilation system.
Then the coolant is sent to the return pipeline and flows back through the main network for reuse to a heat generating company.
A certain amount of coolant can be consumed by consumers. To make up for losses at the heat source in CHPs and boiler houses, make-up systems are provided, which use the water treatment systems of these enterprises as a heat source.
Incoming in thermal plant tap water flows through the pumping equipment of the cold water supply system. Then some of its volume is delivered to consumers, the other is heated in the first stage hot water heater, after which it is sent to the hot water circulation circuit.
Water in the circulation circuit by means of circulation pumping equipment for hot water supply moves in a circle from the heat point to consumers and back. At the same time, as necessary, consumers take water from the circuit.
As the fluid circulates around the circuit, it gradually releases own warmth. To keep on optimal level temperature of the coolant, it is regularly heated in the second stage of the hot water heater.
The heating system is also closed loop, along which the coolant moves with the help of circulation pumps from the heat point to consumers and vice versa.
During operation, leakage of coolant from the heating circuit may occur. The losses are replenished by the ITP replenishment system, which uses primary heating network as a heat source.

Admission to operation

In order to prepare an individual heating point in a house for admission to operation, it is necessary to submit the following list of documents to Energonadzor:

Operating specifications for connection and a certificate of their implementation from the energy supply organization.
Project documentation with all necessary approvals.
The act of responsibility of the parties for the operation and separation balance affiliation compiled by the consumer and representatives of the power supply organization.
The act of readiness for permanent or temporary operation of the subscriber branch of the heating point.
ITP passport with brief description heating systems.
Certificate of readiness for operation of the heat energy meter.
Certificate of conclusion of an agreement with an energy supply organization for heat supply.
The act of acceptance of the work performed (indicating the license number and the date of its issue) between the consumer and installation organization.
faces for safe operation And working condition thermal installations and heating networks.
List of operational and operational-repair responsible persons for the maintenance of heating networks and thermal installations.
A copy of the welder's certificate.
Certificates for used electrodes and pipelines.
Acts on hidden work, the executive diagram of the heat point indicating the numbering of the fittings, as well as the diagrams of pipelines and valves.
Act for flushing and pressure testing of systems (heating networks, heating system and hot water supply system).
Officials and safety precautions.
Operating Instructions.
Certificate of admission to the operation of networks and installations.
Log book for instrumentation, issuance of work permits, operational, accounting for defects identified during the inspection of installations and networks, testing knowledge, as well as briefings.
Outfit from heating networks for connection.

Safety precautions and operation

The personnel serving the heating point must have the appropriate qualifications, and the responsible persons should also be familiarized with the operating rules, which are stipulated in This is a mandatory principle of an individual heating point approved for operation.

It is forbidden to put the pumping equipment into operation with the shut-off valves at the inlet blocked and in the absence of water in the system.

During operation it is necessary:

Monitor the pressure readings on the pressure gauges installed on the supply and return pipelines.
Observe the absence of extraneous noise, and also prevent excessive vibration.
Control the heating of the electric motor.

Do not use excessive force when manually operating the valve, and do not disassemble the regulators if there is pressure in the system.

Before starting the heating point, it is necessary to flush the heat consumption system and pipelines.

An individual heating point is designed to save heat, regulate supply parameters. This is a complex located in a separate room. Can be used in private or apartment building. ITP (individual heating point), what it is, how it is arranged and functions, we will consider in more detail.

ITP: tasks, functions, purpose

By definition, ITP is a heat point that heats buildings in whole or in part. The complex receives energy from the network (central heating substation, central heating unit or boiler house) and distributes it to consumers:

GVS (hot water supply);
heating;
ventilation.

At the same time, there is the possibility of regulation, since the heating mode in the living room, basement, warehouse is different. The ITP has the following main tasks.

Accounting for heat consumption.
Protection from accidents, monitoring of parameters for safety.
Shutdown of the consumption system.
Uniform distribution of heat.
Adjustment of characteristics, management of temperature and other parameters.
Coolant conversion.

Buildings are retrofitted to install ITPs, which is costly but rewarding. The item is located in a separate technical or basement, an extension to the house or a separately located nearby structure.

Benefits of having an ITP

Significant costs for the establishment of an ITP are allowed due to the advantages that follow from the presence of an item in the building.

Profitability (in terms of consumption - by 30%).
Reducing operating costs by up to 60%.
Heat consumption is monitored and accounted for.
Mode optimization reduces losses by up to 15%. It takes into account the time of day, weekends, weather.
Heat is distributed according to consumption conditions.
Consumption can be adjusted.
The type of coolant is subject to change if necessary.
Low accident rate, high operational safety.
Full process automation.
Noiselessness.
Compactness, dependence of dimensions on loading. Item can be placed in the basement.
Maintenance of heating points does not require numerous personnel.
Provides comfort.
The equipment is completed under the order.

Controlled heat consumption, the ability to influence performance attracts in terms of savings, rational resource consumption. Therefore, it is considered that the costs are recouped within an acceptable period.

Types of TP

The difference between TP is in the number and types of consumption systems. Features of the type of consumer predetermine the scheme and characteristics of the required equipment. The method of installation and arrangement of the complex in the room differs. There are the following types.

ITP for a single building or part of it, located in the basement, technical room or adjacent building.
TsTP - the central TP serves a group of buildings or objects. It is located in one of the basements or a separate building.
BTP - block heat point. Includes one or more blocks manufactured and delivered in production. Features compact installation, used to save space. Can perform the function of ITP or TsTP.

Principle of operation

The design scheme depends on the energy source and the specifics of consumption. The most popular is independent, for a closed DHW system. Principle ITP work next.

The heat carrier comes to the point through the pipeline, giving the temperature to the heaters for heating, hot water and ventilation.
The heat carrier goes to the return pipeline to the heat generating enterprise. Reused, but some may be used up by the consumer.
Heat losses are compensated by make-up available in CHP and boiler houses (water treatment).
Tap water enters the thermal installation, passing through a pump for cold water supply. Part of it goes to the consumer, the rest is heated by the 1st stage heater, going to the DHW circuit.
The DHW pump moves water in a circle, passing through the TP, the consumer, returns with a partial flow.
The 2nd stage heater operates regularly when the fluid loses heat.

The coolant (in this case, water) moves along the circuit, which is facilitated by 2 circulation pumps. Its leakages are possible, which are replenished by make-up from the primary heating network.

circuit diagram

This or that ITP scheme has features that depend on the consumer. A central heat supplier is important. The most common option is a closed DHW system with independent heating connection. A heat carrier enters the TP through the pipeline, is realized when heating water for the systems and returns. For return, there is a return pipeline going to the main to the central point - the heat generation enterprise.

Heating and hot water supply are arranged in the form of circuits along which a heat carrier moves with the help of pumps. The first one is designed as closed loop with possible leaks replenished from the primary network. And the second circuit is circular, equipped with pumps for hot water supply, which supplies water to the consumer for consumption. In case of heat loss, heating is carried out by the second heating stage.

ITP for different consumption purposes

Being equipped for heating, the IHS has an independent circuit in which a plate heat exchanger is installed with 100% load. Pressure loss is prevented by installing a double pump. Make-up is carried out from the return pipeline in thermal networks. Additionally, the TP is completed with metering devices, a hot water supply unit in the presence of other necessary units.

The ITP designed for DHW is an independent circuit. In addition, it is parallel and single-stage, equipped with two plate heat exchangers loaded at 50%. There are pumps that compensate for the decrease in pressure, metering devices. Other nodes are expected. Such heat points operate according to an independent scheme.

This is interesting! The principle of implementation of district heating for the heating system can be based on a plate heat exchanger with 100% load. And the DHW has a two-stage scheme with two similar devices loaded by 1/2 each. Pumps for various purposes compensate for the decreasing pressure and feed the system from the pipeline.

For ventilation, a plate heat exchanger with 100% load is used. DHW is provided by two such devices, loaded by 50%. Through the operation of several pumps, the pressure level is compensated and make-up is made. Addition - accounting device.

Installation steps

The TP of a building or object undergoes a step-by-step procedure during installation. The mere desire of the tenants in an apartment building is not enough.

Obtaining the consent of the owners of the premises of a residential building.
Application to heat supply companies for designing in a particular house, development of technical specifications.
Issuance of specifications.
Inspection of a residential or other object for the project, determining the availability and condition of equipment.
Automatic TP will be designed, developed and approved.
The contract is concluded.
The ITP project for a residential building or other object is being implemented, tests are being carried out.

Attention! All stages can be completed in a couple of months. The care is assigned to the responsible specialized organization. To be successful, a company must be well established.

Operational safety

The automatic heat point is serviced by properly qualified employees. The staff is familiar with the rules. There are also prohibitions: automation does not start if there is no water in the system, pumps do not turn on if the shut-off valves are blocked at the inlet.
Need to control:

pressure parameters;
noises;
vibration level;
engine heating.

The control valve must not be subjected to excessive force. If the system is under pressure, the regulators are not disassembled. Pipelines are flushed before start-up.

Approval for operation

The operation of AITP complexes (automated ITP) requires a permit, for which documentation is provided to Energonadzor. These are the technical conditions for connection and a certificate of their execution. Need:

agreed project documentation;
act of responsibility for operation, balance of ownership from the parties;
act of readiness;
heat points must have a passport with heat supply parameters;
readiness of the heat energy metering device - document;
certificate of the existence of an agreement with the energy company to ensure heat supply;
act of acceptance of work from the company producing the installation;
Order appointing a person responsible for the maintenance, serviceability, repair and safety of the ATP (automated heating point);
a list of persons responsible for the maintenance of AITP units and their repair;
a copy of the document on the qualification of the welder, certificates for electrodes and pipes;
acts on other actions, the executive scheme of the automated heating unit, including pipelines, fittings;
an act on pressure testing, flushing of heating, hot water supply, which includes an automated point;
briefing.

An admission certificate is drawn up, magazines are started: operational, on briefing, issuing orders, detecting defects.

ITP of an apartment building

An automated individual heating point in a multi-storey residential building transports heat from the central heating station, boiler houses or CHP (combined heat and power plant) to heating, hot water supply and ventilation. Such innovations (automatic heat point) save up to 40% or more of heat energy.

Attention! The system uses a source - heat networks to which it is connected. The need for coordination with these organizations.

A lot of data is required to calculate the modes, load and savings results for payment in housing and communal services. Without this information, the project will not be completed. Without approval, ITP will not issue a permit for operation. Residents receive the following benefits.

Greater accuracy in the operation of devices to maintain temperature.
Heating is carried out with a calculation that includes the state of the outside air.
Amounts for services on utility bills are reduced.
Automation simplifies facility maintenance.
Reduced repair costs and staffing levels.
Finances are saved for the consumption of thermal energy from a centralized supplier (boiler houses, thermal power plants, central heating stations).

Conclusion: how the savings work

The heating point of the heating system is equipped with a metering unit during commissioning, which is a guarantee of savings. Heat consumption readings are taken from the instruments. Accounting itself does not reduce costs. The source of savings is the possibility of changing modes and the absence of overestimation of indicators by energy supply companies, their exact determination. It will be impossible to write off additional costs, leaks, expenses on such a consumer. Payback occurs within 5 months, as an average value with savings of up to 30%.

Automated supply of coolant from a centralized supplier - heating mains. Installation of a modern heating and ventilation unit makes it possible to take into account seasonal and daily temperature changes during operation. Correction mode - automatic. Heat consumption is reduced by 30% with a payback of 2 to 5 years.

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