Leveling the floor under the laminate on the balcony - possible options for work. Do-it-yourself warm floor on wooden logs on the balcony Align the floor on the balcony with the help of a log

September 7, 2016
Specialization: facade finishing, interior decoration, construction of dachas, garages. The experience of an amateur gardener and horticulturist. He also has experience repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and much more, for which there is not enough time :)

The easiest way to arrange a warm and comfortable floor on the balcony is laying wooden flooring on the lags. Everyone can cope with this task home master. The only thing is that you first need to familiarize yourself with some of the nuances of the work, which you can do from this article, in which I will describe in detail the process of installing a wooden floor.

Arrangement of a wooden floor

Concrete is known to have high strength. However, at the same time it has many disadvantages, the most serious of which are the following:

is a cold material, so walking barefoot on it is uncomfortable;
begins to dust over time.

If you want to use the balcony to your advantage and not as a place for storage junk, the arrangement of a comfortable floor is a necessity. As already mentioned above, perfect solution in this case, lay the floor on the balcony on the logs. It's comfortable, warm, durable, and can be laid on top of just about any finish, or it can even serve as a finishing floor itself.

The device of the floor on the logs on the balcony includes several main stages:

Below, I'll walk you through how to get the job done in each of these steps.

Step 1: preparing the balcony

If you want the floor to be warm, dry and durable, it must be properly prepared for further work. This is done as follows:

First of all, you need to remove the old flooring, if any, and clean the floor of debris;
if the floor contains chips and cracks, prepare a small amount of cement-sand or polymer-cement repair mortar and repair them;
joints between horizontal and vertical plates should be filled with sealant. They must first be cleaned of dust and dried;
after the repair “patches” have hardened, the excess must be cut or cleaned to end up with a smooth, even surface;
after that the surface concrete slab need to be treated with a special primer with your own hands. It can also cover the bottom surface of the walls.

All these measures will protect the concrete from destruction, make it more moisture resistant, and also prevent the appearance of mold.

Step 2: waterproofing work

Waterproofing can be done in several ways - using special paints, mastics, roll materials. However, the simplest is to use ordinary polyethylene film or roofing felt, the price of these materials is much lower than other types of waterproofing coatings.

Work is carried out as follows:

measure the balcony and cut the film or roofing material into sheets of the desired length. Dimensions are selected taking into account the fact that the waterproofing should be overlapped and inverted onto the wall. The inversion should be equal to the height of the floor;
then lay the waterproofing on the floor. If roofing material is used for these purposes, then the surface should first be treated with bituminous mastic.

To secure the twist polyethylene film wound on the walls, it should be fixed with construction tape;

the joints of the film sheets should also be glued with adhesive tape so that the surface is completely sealed.

This completes the waterproofing.

Step 3: Prepare Materials

As a log, it is best to use a wooden beam. It is desirable that he be hard rock, for example, oak. The width of the beam should be twice its height.

Particular attention should be paid to the height of the beam, since the height of the future floor depends on it. Keep in mind that you can raise the floor on the balcony with lags to a height not exceeding the height of the threshold between the balcony and the room. There are times when it is generally not possible to lay logs due to a low balcony, in which case the boards are laid directly on.

The bars for the log must be dried, otherwise they can lead over time, with all the ensuing consequences.

In addition to the log, some other materials will be needed for floor installation:

boards 2-2.5 cm thick;
thermal insulation material- it can be polystyrene foam, mineral mats, expanded clay or any other heat insulator.

After preparing all the materials, you can get to work.

Step 4: laying the lag

The lag installation process is carried out in the following sequence:

First of all, you need to prepare the lags. To do this, decide in advance how you will stack them - along or across. I must say that it is more expedient to lay the timber along, since in this case you will have to set much less lag, which will speed up the work.

Having decided on the location of the logs, mark them on them and once again make sure that the size of the beam for the log for the floor on the balcony is indicated correctly. After that, the bars must be cut according to the markings with a hacksaw;

now you need to lay the logs on the floor. The most important thing at this stage is to place them horizontally and in the same plane.

Start with the first lag, for example, located near the wall. Lay it on the stove and check the position with a building level.

If there are deviations, something flat must be placed under one side of the beam, for example, a plate. Many craftsmen prefer to lay tiles under the wooden logs left after the old coating was dismantled;

after the lag is set to a horizontal level, it should be fixed to the floor with dowel-nails or anchors;
then lay the log on the opposite side. It must be set so that it is located in the same horizontal plane with the first part. For this put building level two logs and, if necessary, correct the deviations in the manner described above.

Check the level of the horizontal position of the lag on different areas along the entire floor;

now set the middle lag according to the same principle. As a result, the surface of the bars should form a horizontal plane in all directions..

Before laying the lag beams, it is necessary to treat it with a protective antiseptic impregnation, which will make the wood more moisture resistant, as well as prevent rotting and mold formation.

Step 5: waterproofing and thermal insulation

To make the floor warm, the space between the lags must be filled with heat-insulating material. This operation is quite simple, the only make sure that the heat insulator fits snugly to the bars and to each other. This will avoid the formation of cold bridges.

If bulk material is used as a heater, for example, expanded clay, then it just needs to be leveled so that the surface of the heater does not protrude above the bars.

Another layer of waterproofing should be laid on top of the insulation. For these purposes, it is best to use plastic wrap. As in the previous case, glue the joints of the canvases with adhesive tape so that moisture cannot penetrate into the insulation.

Step 6: Installing the Boardwalk

Now it remains only to lay the boardwalk on the logs. The instructions for doing this work look like this:

cut the boards along the width of the balcony, taking into account the fact that there should be a space of about one centimeter between the walls;
start laying the flooring from any wall. To do this, fix the board on the logs with self-tapping screws. Be sure to drown the self-tapping screw head so that it does not stick out above the floor;
then the second board is laid. If the flooring is made of a floorboard, then it should be tapped from the end with a mallet so that the spike of one part goes into the groove of the other. If the boards are ordinary, the second part must be pressed tightly against the previous one, and fixed on the floor with self-tapping screws;
according to this principle, the installation of all other boards is carried out;
at the end of the work, you can lay a topcoat on the boards, for example, linoleum, and then install the skirting boards.

On this floor device on wooden joists completed. As you can see, there is nothing complicated in this work.

Conclusion

You can lay a wooden floor on the balcony quickly enough even without someone's help. The most important thing in this matter is to prepare the balcony with high quality and correctly position the logs so that the flooring is even. In addition, be responsible for waterproofing, otherwise the wood will begin to rot, and the heat insulator will no longer cope with its task.

For more information, see the video in this article. If you have any difficulties in the process of work, ask questions in the comments, and I will be happy to help you.

September 7, 2016

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The balcony in a new house does not always have a perfectly flat floor, and in old buildings it can be even worse - concrete pavement crumbled or covered with numerous cracks. And then the question arises of how to level the floor on the balcony in order to ennoble and transform this whole room.

If the apartment has a balcony, this is a great success, as it may well expand the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment, becoming an additional room. An insulated balcony becomes a wonderful greenhouse, a small workshop or even an office where you can place a computer and calmly do your work.

But before the balcony becomes cozy, it needs to be insulated, and effective insulation possible only with aligned and waterproofed floors - with them you need to start work.

If the balcony is open, then you need to level the floor differently, taking into account decorative coating, whose characteristics will correspond to weather conditions region.

You can level the floor surface different ways, which will depend on what functions the balcony will perform in the future:

ceramic tiles;

garden parquet;

With the help of log and plywood coating;

Dry or wet screed.

In some cases, insulation for the room is simply necessary, and sometimes it will be redundant. But in any case, before you start leveling the base, it is necessary to carry out preparatory measures.

Leveling the floor on the balcony with a screed

Preparing the base on the open balcony

On an open balcony, the floor surface should not only be leveled, but also have a slight slope so that during rain or snowmelt, water does not accumulate, but flows down into drainage system. At the same time, the slope must not be too great, otherwise it will be uncomfortable to stand on the floor.

If the surface of the open balcony has an old cement screed, it must be dismantled. This must be done very carefully so as not to touch the plate. It is best to carry out this process with a perforator.

This tool may also be needed when leveling the floor on closed balcony if you plan to carry out repairs using wet screed. If you do not remove the old one and lay the new one in accordance with all the rules, these layers will seriously weigh down the concrete slab, which should not be allowed, since the balcony may collapse.
The slope of the floor from the wall on the open balcony should be from 3 to 5 degrees, if there is no connection between the floor and the fence, then the water will freely flow down the surface.
If the floor and wall of the balcony are connected to each other, or a small curb is arranged along the edge of the slab, then you will have to make a drain for water - it can be a small groove along the wall and a drain hole or a PVC screed embedded in a PVC screed - a pipe and a drain ladder anywhere gender. In this case, the slope of the screed should be directed precisely towards the drain hole.
But first of all, old concrete and small pebbles are cleaned from the slab, and then the floor is covered with a primer.
The next step is to install the formwork around the perimeter of the balcony. The joints between the formwork and the floor must be caulked so that the leveling mortar does not flow down.

The screed is poured

Reinforcing grating is laid on the floor fine wire, beacons are installed and fixed on it. On an open balcony, you can’t do without them, since in any case you will have to set the direction of the water to the drain.

Beacons are placed along long wall balcony according to the level at which you can immediately determine the slope of the floor.
Next, the solution is mixed, from cement and sand. You can add fine expanded clay there, which will make the surface warmer. The mixture should be homogeneous and plastic, have good adhesion.
The solution is laid out in parts on the prepared surface 3-5 cm above the beacons and leveled using the rule, which is carried out along the beacons.

When the screed is completely finished, it is left to dry, but to make it strong, the concrete is sprayed daily with water.
This is how it is created desired slope screeds on an open balcony. And, for example, to perfectly level the surface for a decorative coating on a glazed balcony, you can use a mixture for a self-leveling floor. Dry compositions of such coatings are sold in ready-made and are easily diluted with water to the consistency indicated on the package.

The solution should be homogeneous and thin, it is poured in the form of small puddles and spread over the surface of the doctor blade, followed by rolling with a spiked roller. This layer will not make the screed particularly heavy, since its thickness can be only two to three millimeters.

On top, you can lay ceramic tiles or garden parquet. Ceramic tiles will additional protection for the base. If a garden parquet made of thermal wood is used, then water will not be able to stagnate on its surface, passing between the lamellas to the screed, and flowing down along the arranged slope.

An excellent solution for an open or closed balcony - "garden parquet"

Leveling the floor with tiles

If the surface is in good condition and has the desired slope from the wall, but minor cracks and chips appear on it, then the floor can be leveled with floor tiles.

Minor surface imperfections can be repaired immediately with ceramic tiles

First you need to repair all the damage - this is done as follows:

Cracks and chips are expanded and cleaned of dust, treated with a primer;

The tile is laid on the adhesive intended for street work- It is resistant to temperature and moisture. It is kneaded into a homogeneous mass, taking into account the requirements of the instructions.
Glue spread on the surface and spread with a notched trowel. Since the surface uneven, and it must be brought to perfection, glue is often put a little more than necessary. Then a tile is laid on it, the back surface of which is also desirable to be smeared with glue and leveled with a notched trowel. The direction of the furrows when laying should be perpendicular. Calibration crosses or other special devices are installed between the tiles to maintain the thickness of the joints and the laying direction.

Convenient modern devices for maintaining the thickness of the joints and the level of the surface of the tile

If excess adhesive comes out between the tiles, then it must be removed. The seams must be hollow, as after the glue has dried, they must be sealed. moisture resistant grout- fugue.

Before grouting, the leveling elements are removed - they are carefully knocked down with a rubber mallet or simply with a foot.

Leveling the floor on a closed balcony

Usually, they start leveling the floor on a closed balcony when it is decided to insulate the entire room. This task is more complex and laborious, but the apartment will expand by one more room.

Alignment in combination with insulation can be done in several ways:

The cracks in the floor, found after thorough cleaning, are first widened and then sealed with plastic cement mortar Or just a sealant.

After the material dries, the excess must be cut off.
Then, it is recommended to install a damper tape along the entire perimeter along the walls if you plan to lay any type of screed.
The next step is to lay waterproofing sheets. It can consist of a conventional polyethylene film thick or roofing material, which is glued to bituminous mastic.
Waterproofing must be raised on the walls the height of the future insulation and leveling system.

We must not forget that the waterproofing material must be laid hermetically, preferably without joints. If it is impossible to do without joints, then the material is overlapped by 10-15 cm and the joint is sealed with construction tape or, in the case of roofing material, surfacing.

Alignment with log

With the help of a log, you can simply level the base, or you can combine it with insulation and raising the floor to a certain height.

The joists can be fixed directly to the base or raised with special devices. To date, there are many types of such elements on sale.
If it is decided to raise the coating from the base, then an accurate measurement of this level must be carried out. Usually the floors are leveled along the concrete threshold of the balcony door.
To raise the log, adjustable fasteners are used - these are metal studs, stands, holders or studs made of plastic. All these elements are threaded, which helps to raise one of the sides to the desired height above the concrete slab.

First, lags are installed along the walls, at a distance of 80 - 100 mm, since it is necessary to lay insulation material between them.
Having installed and fixed to the base of the stand with lags, they adjust the level by raising or lowering to the desired height, aligning the two lags with each other in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
Further, in the same way, one or two middle logs are installed and they are adjusted in height to the side ones.
Any insulation can be used: fill in expanded clay, lay one or even several layers of mineral wool or polystyrene.

The coating, laid on aligned logs, will make the floor perfectly flat. The logs are covered with thick plywood or massive boards.

Any selected decorative coating is laid on top of the plywood. Under it, if desired, you can even mount infrared film warm floor. In this case, it is convenient because the heating is turned on as needed, which helps not to waste electricity.

Leveling with extruded polystyrene foam

Extruded polystyrene foam has high density(about 45 kg / m³), so it can be used to level the surface of the balcony floor.

For prepared waterproofed the surface is laid with expanded polystyrene mats of the selected thickness.
Along the perimeter of the gap between the insulation and the walls close up mounting foam to form an almost airtight layer.
On top of the insulation, it is desirable to lay another layer of waterproofing made of polyethylene film or roofing material. The second material is preferable, as it is denser and harder to damage with reinforcing material.
A reinforcing mesh is laid on the waterproofing material with cells from 50 to 100 mm.
If the balcony has a traditional rectangular shape, then along its length, along the walls, metal guides are installed - beacons. They must be installed at the same height, and on the thickness of the future screed, which can be from 30 to 50 mm.
Next, on the surface area is placed concrete mix above beacons by 20 - 30 mm. The solution for it should have a thick consistency.
As a rule, the solution is leveled and slightly rammed down, since it must occupy the entire thickness from the reinforcement to the height of the beacons.
The leveled screed is left to harden and mature. Starting from day 2, it is regularly moistened with water - thanks to this procedure, the screed will gain proper strength and will not crack.
Any decorative coating can be laid on the finished frozen screed.
If the surface of the screed is too porous, it can be ennobled with a self-leveling floor, and the desired coating can be placed on top.

Dry screed leveling

This way to level the floor on the balcony is becoming more and more popular due to the ease of installation and the speed of work.

A special mixture of expanded clay of fine fraction can be poured onto a base with arranged hermetic waterproofing. The layer of material can be from 50 to 100 mm. However, it should be remembered that if the thickness is more than 60 mm, then an additional layer of sheet material will have to be laid approximately in the middle.

Beacons can also be installed along the walls and raised to the desired height. The embankment is made above the beacons, excess material removed by the rule when leveling.

gypsum fiber

If the second layer of expanded clay will be laid, then the intermediate flooring from gypsum fiber panels must be connected to the wall with sealant. It will not allow particles of expanded clay embankment to get into the joint between the wall and the panels.
Further, beacons are again installed to the thickness of the second layer of the screed, and a new batch of expanded clay is poured out, which is also leveled and covered with slabs. The evenness of the surface should be controlled using the building level.
The gaps between the wall and the plates must again be sealed with sealant, and after it hardens, cut off the excess.
On top of the plates, you can lay any decorative coating, under which you can easily mount a warm infrared floor.

Dry screed is not only easy and quick to install, making the floor even - it is an environmentally friendly design that does not emit any harmful fumes.

Video: a visual lesson on a dry screed device on a balcony or loggia

Starting the repair of the balcony, you can not do without leveling the floor surface. Information about existing ways carrying out work will help you choose the one that is more suitable for its characteristics, materials used and price parameters.

Laying the floor on the logs on the balcony can be done even by a person who does not have skills in construction work. In this article, we will consider the materials that are used when installing the floor on the logs and their characteristics.

We will decide on the choice of material that is optimally suited to the type and purpose of the balcony, and also consider the order of execution installation work and make required list tools.

Advantages of the floor on the logs

The expediency of using the floor on the logs is due to the following positive aspects of this design:

high thermal insulation;
communications can be carried out under the floor on the logs;
the floor breathes, and the air layer under the lags retains heat;
the highest point of the floor rises, promotes air circulation, heat preservation, prolongs the life of the floorboards;
the level of the floor is leveled;
along with laying the floor, vapor barrier and waterproofing measures are taken, thanks to which the balcony base is protected from moisture and other atmospheric influences;
a wooden floor looks great with any type of wall decoration, be it plastic or wood;
ease of installation (one person who does not have deep building skills can do this job).
fast installation;
you can work at any time of the year at any temperature.

The arrangement of the floor on the logs helps to level the floor without a device concrete screed.

Materials and tools for laying the floor

To lay the floor on the logs, it is necessary to prepare tools and purchase material. Of these, we need:

perforator;
drill or screwdriver;
hacksaw or grinder;
roulette, level;
anchors, self-tapping screws, dowels, nails;
stapler, staples;
dry timber 50 x 50 mm thick;
waterproofing and vapor barrier material;
antiseptic for wood processing;
polystyrene foam insulation or mineral wool the same thickness as the logs.

If you use damp wood when laying the floor on the logs, it can lead when drying and the floor is deformed.

Preparatory work

Inspect the balcony slab for defects

If the balcony will be glazed, first we install the balcony frame, then we level the slab on the balcony, and only after that we proceed to laying the floor on the loggia or balcony.

To prepare, you must perform the following procedure:

We inspect the stove, determine the need for its repair.
If there are cracks in the slab, then through them we look at the condition of the reinforcement inside the slab. If everything is ok and overhaul not required, remove debris from the base, remove all exfoliated Construction Materials, we close all cracks with a cement or polymer mortar and wait for it to dry completely.
We process the surface of the floor and walls on the balcony with a primer and antifungal mixtures. The primer makes the surface more durable.
After the primer has completely dried, we find the zero level on the floor. We choose the highest place on the plate, mark it on the wall. We put marks, focusing on this height, around the entire perimeter of the walls.

All work is carried out using water or laser level. From correct markup will depend on how even the floor will turn out.

Floor insulation and laying

On the open balconies you can not do floor insulation. On the glazed loggias it is recommended to lay thermal insulation material to increase thermal insulation properties premises.

Expanded polystyrene, mineral wool, polystyrene foam, expanded clay, foamed polyethylene can serve as a heater. On an unglazed balcony, it is recommended to lay a waterproofing layer, it will protect the slab from destruction.

We cut the longitudinal and transverse bars of the required length. We prepare the bars for laying, we drill holes in them for dowels or self-tapping screws. We apply the beam to the floor, drill a hole in the slab.

When using a powerful hammer drill, you can drill holes in the timber and the slab at the same time. We drive the locking part of the anchor into the hole in the slab, then we fasten the beam to it with a bolt.

Stages of work:

Sheet waterproofing material overlap, seal the joints with adhesive tape. Bulk insulation pour a layer, at least 3 cm.

We raise the floor to the level of the threshold of the balcony

If you decide to make an insulated room, you can raise the floor on the logs on the balcony to the level with the threshold. How to do it, see this video:

Under such a floor, you can lay more than thick layer insulation.

As in the first option, we lay the waterproofing, we lay the insulation on it.
We choose devices with which we will increase the height of the lag laying:

U-shaped holders made of thick metal, in the connector of which we install and fix the logs. You can fix the timber at the upper end of the holders, you can immerse it inward to the required height, and cut off the edge of the holder with a grinder;

Metal studs are produced different heights, they have a thread with which the height is adjusted. Before purchasing the studs, we measure the height from the floor to the threshold and subtract the width of the beam. Holes are drilled in the beam every 200 mm, put on studs. Studs from below are fixed to the plate.

Corner metal racks, adjustable in height. They are attached first to the beam, then to the slab.

Plastic racks by type furniture legs with a carving, are made on the basis of polyvinylchloride. Under each leg it is necessary to drill a hole in the plate. They are the cheapest, but plastic is not very strong material if the leg breaks, you will have to shift the floor.

We install fasteners that will raise the crate to the desired level. We retreat from the edges so that the insulation fits there. We cut holes in the insulation for fastenings, and put it on top. In this embodiment, you can cover the entire floor with insulation.
We fasten logs, lay plywood or OSB plate and flooring.

The floor on the logs on the balcony is ready, it remains to attach the plinth.

Fastenings for logs are installed first along the edges of the floor, then in the middle, it is not recommended to install plastic legs.

Flooring materials

tongue and groove system

If you decide to lay the laminate on the balcony logs of the floor, a substrate is laid on plywood or OSB under it.

The floorboard is laid with a gap of 10 mm on the sides. We fasten together a thorn-groove into a connection. We fasten the boards to each bar with the help of self-tapping screws or dowels, we sink the head deep into the boards, and putty on top. The boards must be treated with two layers of varnish or paint on top to protect them from moisture and increase their service life. For more information on flooring, see this video:

We lay linoleum on top of the OSB slab and carry out the installation of skirting boards.

The floor on the logs can be installed easily, quickly and inexpensively. At correct installation and the processing of materials from atmospheric influences, such a floor will serve for a long time, creating comfort on the balcony.

A beautiful balcony is an expensive pleasure. The floor on the balcony is just as important as in the living room or in the kitchen. You can make it yourself or spend at least 50,000 rubles on workers.

On the floor of the loggia you can put different coatings. The choice depends on the glazing of the loggia. For warm glazed balconies choose parquet board, parquet, grooved board, laminate.

Not everyone knows how to level the surface on the balcony.

The floor on the balcony must be made strong if the owners want to use the balcony as a greenhouse or office.

Screed Leveling Technology

The base surface is made at the first stage of manufacturing. All furniture is taken out and the old coating is removed. The cement base is cleaned of old glue, dirt and debris. The screed helps to balance the level of the slab pour. When making a balcony, it should be remembered that this is an unreliable structure and it is not able to withstand the entire load, such as a coating in ordinary house. The impact on the balcony slab should be gentle. The floor on the balcony can be leveled while maintaining the integrity of the structure. In this case, not a traditional concrete screed is used, but new mortar with lightweight structure. Foam inclusions with new cement screeds on the balcony have good performance. Gypsum solutions also very light.

If the base is flawless, then the decorative coating will last a very long time and will experience only natural aging.

The evenness of the base is determined by the building level, then leveling occurs with a screed. For the screed, you will need several beacons. They are divided evenly across the entire width of the balcony. Beacons are distributed across the base in increments of 60 cm. The evenness of the beacons is determined by the building level, if necessary, pieces of hardboard are placed. If the floor is installed on an open loggia, then a slope from the wall of the building is needed. First, the lighthouses are leveled, then they are leveled on the loggia. And so each individually, at the end of the overall alignment.

There is no need to rush with the installation of beacons. The evenness of the coating depends on the installation and accuracy of the beacon. Lighthouses are fixed.

Cement mortar is placed in places where the hardboard was placed. The solution hardens for two hours. In order for the screeds to hold the solution, metal railings are installed instead of a stone parapet. On the edge outside the base is fastened with a wooden beam. Between the beam and the floor, the gap is covered with sealant.

The screed helps to raise the level on the balcony. For better adhesion, the base is well primed. The screed solution is made from special dry mixes. The solution is made according to the instructions, brought to a homogeneous mass. For screeds, dry mortars are leveled independently. Evenness is controlled by installed beacons.

It's so easy to install do-it-yourself screeds for coating.

Beacons for the screed are distributed over the entire width of the balcony in 60cm increments.

You can install a wooden floor in the loggia with your own hands. When the screed is ready, you can start laying the decorative coating. Boardwalk has gained significant popularity. The wooden floor on the balcony, made by hand, has natural warmth, good air circulation. For an open loggia, it is recommended to install street wooden shields. The deck board is perfect. The board does not deteriorate for many years. Any board will do indoors.

Lag Alignment

Installing and leveling the floor on the balcony with your own hands is easy. A crate is made on which boards are placed. The crate provides rainwater drainage. Saved natural circulation air, thus prolonging the service life. After the wood is varnished.

Different coverings are laid on the loggia. The choice depends on the glazing of the loggia. For warm glazed balconies choose parquet board, parquet, grooved board, laminate.

Laying ceramic tiles do it yourself:

Tiles should be laid from the far corner to the door.

You will need a spatula-comb, tile adhesive.
The floor is cleared of dust and debris. Adhesive solution mixed according to instructions.
Laying begins from the far corner.
On the back side glue is applied to the tiles, leveled with a comb trowel, excess glue is removed, the tile is placed on the base and slightly pressed.
The remaining tiles are laid in the same way, the gap between the tiles is controlled by fixing with plastic crosses.
The edge tiles are cut with a tile cutter.

Other types of coatings are easier to install.

Sometimes you have to level the concrete floor with your own hands, and without screeds. For this, a wooden joist alignment system is useful:

All debris, dust, dirt, remnants of the old coating are cleaned.
The building level determines the height, and marks are placed on the walls around the entire perimeter of the balcony.
You can use not only ready-made production logs, but also coniferous beams of a certain size.
Lags are installed with a distance between the axes up to 50 cm.
For desired installation the log is laid with bars, and between them pieces of roofing material for waterproofing.
On the required level logs are installed strictly horizontally by gradually moving the bars.
With the help of anchors, the logs are attached to concrete.
After fixing the lag, sheets of plywood are laid on the surface. Sheets are fixed with self-tapping screws. Plywood is coated with water-repellent compounds, as there is a possibility of water and moisture ingress.

By placing the bars in several layers, perpendicular to each other, we can raise the level to any height.

Since alignment has already begun, it is possible to insulate them, however, insulation increases the load on the structure. For ease, penoplex and penofol are used. You should not save on materials for insulation, as this can lead to the reconstruction of the balcony. Here you need to consult with experts.

There is a wide variety of heaters on the market: heating mats, cable heating sections, film floor. Heaters are installed only on a flat surface.

Warm film floor

A warm film floor is mounted under linoleum, carpet, laminate, etc. The film floor has no additional load, it heats the surface evenly and quickly. It is desirable to install a warm film floor on leveled coatings, which will facilitate the installation of this type.

Balcony - a room that is very often left to perform primitive tasks - drying clothes or storing cans of rolls, although in some cases about 3 square meters usable area. Of course, a balcony is a room that differs in comfort from the rest of the apartment, but this comfort can be created - for this you need to make logs for the floor with your own hands, after which it is insulated and laid finish coating. Let's talk in more detail about how the subfloor is made on the logs.

Leveling the floor with joists

If in the main premises of the apartment the builders are trying to maintain the level of the floor and eliminate any differences, then on the balcony everything is not so categorical - there are many irregularities, which are due to both poor quality concrete slab and installation. So that nothing rolls in one direction on the future floor, need floor leveling. To do this, you can use the pouring of a concrete screed, however, this method has one significant drawback - concrete has a large specific gravity, therefore, with large irregularities, it will be problematic to level the floor due to building codes(the load on the balcony from even one centimeter of concrete screed increases significantly). At the same time, you will have to wait a few days until concrete mortar dry completely.

Treating the lag with an antiseptic

Wood – natural and ecological pure material, however, is very sensitive to elevated level humidity in the room. Under its influence on the surface of wooden logs, which lead to further decay and destruction of the floor. In order to avoid the problem, it is worth using one of the options for an antiseptic composition.

Today, the most common options are:

Impregnation on water based;
Oil-based formulations;
Combined mixture based on chemical compounds.

The most popular water-based formulations, which provide not only excellent protection against decay, but at the same time increase the fire resistance of wood. The advantage of water-based formulations lies in deep penetration into the bar structure.

The treatment of the log with an antiseptic should be carried out after drilling the mounting holes, since drilling of the treated log can lead to the destruction of the protective layer. Carefully fill the holes with impregnation. Thereafter logs are completely dry.

Floor surface waterproofing

While the logs treated with an antiseptic composition dry, there is time for processing concrete base. In order for the minimum amount of moisture to get on the wood, a simple antiseptic treatment is not enough - you need to block the road to the log bars for moisture. To do this, you can use a waterproofing film or other simple and proven methods.

Bitumen-based mastic is perfect for waterproofing a concrete base. There are thick options that are diluted with a solvent, and there are those that are sold in a ready-to-use state. We take a brush in our hands and apply a waterproofing compound to the concrete floor.

Marking the room and laying the lag

As we have already found out, you can level the floor without using a screed. To do this, you will need planed wooden bars with a section of 50x50 millimeters, anchor bolts, plastic wedges.
But still, if the floor has significant irregularities in the form of bumps or sagging, then they should first be eliminated even in this leveling method in order to avoid using a large number lining under the logs.

So, let's start installing the lag:

We measure the dimensions of the balcony room. Ultra-precise measurements should not be made - it is desirable that the logs do not reach the walls for about by 1-2 centimeters;
According to the obtained dimensions, we cut blanks from wooden beam- transverse and longitudinal lags;
Lay out the first row of transverse log with a step of about 40-50 centimeters.

It is not necessary to level the first “floor” of the lag using the building level, however, a significant distortion during their installation should also not be allowed. To fix the lag to concrete floor you will need a hammer drill, a screwdriver and anchor bolts.

First of all, we drill holes in wooden bars - it is optimal to use two anchor bolts at a distance of about 5-10 centimeters from the edge of the log. You can drill holes by laying the logs aside, however, a modern hammer drill will make holes in the bars together with concrete without any problems. The only thing is that it is not worth drilling wood too intensively with a drill on concrete in order to avoid splitting it.

We drill a hole at one end of the log, then at the second. After that, it is desirable to take the lag off the floor and clean the hole formed in order to seamlessly insert anchor bolt. Now we put the log in place and insert 2 anchor bolts into the holes.

Anchor fasteners do not work to press the log to the floor surface, therefore, before clamping, you should step on the bar with your foot.

Using a screwdriver, we fix the log to the floor. We perform similar actions with the rest wooden blocks. The first "floor" lag is ready. Yes, before the final fixing, the logs must be treated with a special antiseptic composition.

Floor insulation along the lags

The draft floor on the logs must be insulated. The most common options for insulating materials, foam or ordinary expanded clay. Their combination is possible.

So, the first level of lag is fixed. Now you need to fill in the gaps between the bars insulation material. Let's consider two options. In the first case, or foam. To do this, you need to cut pieces with a construction knife.

Tip: Do not cut the insulation blanks too tight in size to the logs. This will lead to a lack of space for filling with mounting foam.

We lay sheets of insulation (the thickness should be the same as the lag itself), leaving the same gaps to the lag. Now they need to be filled with mounting foam. A gap of a centimeter is enough for this.

The second option is even easier. In the intervals between the lags, expanded clay is poured in an even layer, which will be an excellent heat and sound insulator. It is worth pouring such a layer so that it does not interfere with the installation of the next level of construction.

Laying and warming of the second level log

After the mounting foam has dried, we proceed to laying the second level of the floor lag with our own hands. For this you need the above plastic wedges and building level. Now the logs will be attached to the first level with wood screws. First, plastic wedges are placed under the edges of the log, it is fixed with self-tapping screws, now you need to put a wedge under the middle of the log to eliminate its deflection. The rest of the longitudinal lags are set similarly. The result should be one level at any point of the bars.

After fixing the lag, “re-insulation” is performed. In this case, it is better to use only foam or foam plastic (for example, on top of a layer of expanded clay). The seams are again filled with mounting foam. After it dries, the protruding parts are cut off with a construction knife.

Important: If the dimensions of the balcony (loggia) in height do not allow the installation of the floor along the logs in two levels, then one can be used, however, penoplex is best suited as a heater in this case.

floor laying

At the previous stages, the floor is completely leveled and prepared for laying an intermediate layer of OSB boards, plywood or a finishing one - from a planed floorboard.

In order to fix the plywood sheets on the logs, you will need small self-tapping screws. To accurately hit the lag with a self-tapping screw after laying the plywood sheet, first mark the centers of the lag on the walls with a simple pencil.

Cut out a sheet of plywood or OSB boards according to the size of the balcony or loggia room, we lay and fix it with self-tapping screws. The subfloor is completely ready for laying the top coat, such as laminate.

In the case of using a floorboard, measurements should be made more accurately so that there are very small gaps to the walls that can be closed by a modern plastic plinth about 20 mm wide. To protect the boards from moisture, they can be treated with decorative impregnation and coated with a layer of varnish.

Do-it-yourself rough floor video

In this section, we invite you to watch a video tutorial on how to independently make logs for the floor on the loggia.

Do you have any questions? Ask them in the comments!

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