Black Baroness. Garden forms and varieties. Leave a new product review

Mulberry or Mulberry tree- this is a southern plant and the climate of the Moscow region is not quite suitable for its cultivation.

Although the tree is able to survive the cold when the thermometer drops to 30 ° C below zero, however, its roots are not frost-resistant and, in the absence of snow, can die when the soil cools to -7 ° C -10 ° C. Therefore, when planting mulberry seedlings in The suburbs of their root collars should be slightly deepened. And for the winter root system plants are best covered with an additional layer of mulch.

The second problem for the growth of mulberry in the Moscow region is the short duration daylight hours. Therefore, it has spring and autumn growing seasons. For most exotic trees, this would be the cause of death, because in the fall they would not have time to prepare for winter. But the mulberry has one amazing feature that allows it to survive an unexpected drop in temperature. The mulberry tree is able to reject unviable shoots. This phenomenon is observed not only in autumn, but in summer during a short-term cooling. On the next year with the beginning of the growing season, new shoots will appear from the lateral buds closest to the dead part. Therefore, the plant does not suffer from severe frostbite of young branches.

AT southern regions mulberry grows as a tall tree. In the Moscow region, it is desirable to grow it in an artisanal form. This is allowed if you need to completely wrap the mulberry for the winter and thereby save it from frost.

When planting mulberry seedlings, they must be positioned so that there are no tall trees 6-7 meters from them that will create a shadow in different time day.

In addition to proper care, you also need to know which mulberry seedlings to buy for the Moscow region.

Varieties of mulberry seedlings for the Moscow region

The following varieties of mulberry are suitable for growing in the Moscow region:

Red mulberry "Vladimirskaya"

A tree over 6 m high with a wide crown. The plant can be grown in the form of a bush, because. very active side shoots from below. Fruits are sweet multidrupes of dark purple color, up to 3 cm long. If you cut the central conductor at a certain height, the tree will acquire weeping shape, this will give it a special decorative effect, and it will be more convenient to harvest.

Grade Benefits:
- frost resistance;
- self-pollination.

Mulberry white "Staromoskovskaya"

Deciduous tree with spherical crown the height of the trunk can reach 10 m. It can also be grown in the form of a bush or, by cutting off the central conductor, give a weeping shape. Berries of a sweetish taste, dark purple, almost black in color, from 2 to 3 cm in size.

Variety advantage:
- winter hardiness;
- self-fertility.

Mulberry "Royal"

A medium-sized tree grows quickly on various soils, does not require abundant watering, characterized by the most delicious berries. Differs in high fructification. The berries are black, 3 cm long. The tree can be cut and shaped into a ball. It tolerates cold well and does not need shelter in winter. This variety is partially self-fertile, other pollinating plants should be planted next to it.

Grade Benefits:
- frost resistance;
- high productivity;
— good transportability of fruits;
- resistance to diseases and pests;
- the bark and berries can be used for medicinal purposes.

Mulberry "White Honey"

Deciduous fruiting tree with a wide crown. The berries are sweet, poorly transported, stored fresh for no more than 6 hours. The variety is partially self-fertile.

Variety advantage:
- high productivity;
- frost resistance;
- grows on various soils, does not require special care.

Mulberry "Black Prince"

Medium-sized tree with a wide crown, characterized by high productivity. Black berries, large, 5 cm in size, with great content vitamins and microelements. The variety is not picky about the soil, tolerates drought well. The plant is not self-fertile.

Grade Benefits:
- winter hardiness;
- high productivity.

Mulberry seedlings

Mulberry "Black Baroness"

Deciduous tree with a spherical crown, characterized by abundant fruiting. Grows on any soil. The berries are black, juicy, 4 cm in size, they are characterized by low transportability, they can be stored for only 12 hours. The plant is partially self-fertile.

Variety advantage:
- frost resistance.
- high productivity.

Mulberry "Ukrainian"

A large tree is characterized by low fruiting, however, the berries are sweet, without acid. An infusion of fruits and bark is used in folk medicine for asthma, bronchitis, and constipation.

Variety advantage:
- frost resistance;
- decorative;
- undemanding to the ground;
— beneficial features fruits.

Prices for mulberry seedlings for cultivation in the Moscow region

Prices for mulberry seedlings depend on the age of the plant: an annual tree can be purchased for an average of 500 rubles. Six-year-old seedlings cost about 15 thousand rubles. Mulberry begins to bear fruit 4-5 years after planting, so it is better to buy three-year-old seedlings. At a price they are much cheaper than four-year-old trees.

Mulberry seedlings

Mulberry (mulberry tree) - evergreen, tall plant growing in regions with a warm climate. The leaves of this tree serve as food for silkworms, which produce natural silk threads. Fruits are famous for their valuable medicinal properties. In the East, mulberry is called the king-tree, and old people are fed with mulberry to prolong their life.

Mulberry fruits contain organic acids, fructose, carotene, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, vitamins C, K, PP, group B. The antioxidants included in the composition prevent aging of the body, improve the condition of the skin and hair. Mulberry fruits are used in folk medicine to treat bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, hypertension, tonsillitis and other diseases.

The most popular varieties

As for the classification, it is very confusing.

The Mulberry family includes 200 species of trees, and only a little over 15 of them are generally recognized.

There are 2 main forms of mulberry - black and white, which are divided into varieties. Let's get acquainted with the most remarkable representatives of a large genus.

white honey

One of the most famous varieties obtained by domestic breeders. Bred as a result of crossing several types of white mulberry. The tree is low. The pyramidal crown is quite dense. Fruits - elongated white drupes in length reach 3 cm. They attract with an unusual taste - sweet, with a honey aftertaste. Berries - soft, require increased care during transportation. The variety consistently gives a good harvest and withstands low temperatures.

Smolensk pink

A great option for beginner gardeners.

Variety - easily adaptable to environmental conditions and easy to care for. Differs in good frost resistance. Begins to bear fruit in the first year after planting.

Fruits - the average size, pink or red color. Fragrant and sweet. The beautiful shape of the leaves allows the trees to be used as a spectacular decoration of the land.

Fruit-1

An early ripe variety that produces large and juicy fruits. Harvesting can begin in June. The main advantages are long fruiting and bright taste. Berries are sweet with a pleasant sourness. The mulberry tree is of a dense consistency, it does not wrinkle during transportation. Distinctive feature - white infructescence in rainy weather acquire a pink color. Don't be afraid - it's normal.

Merezhevo

If when choosing suitable variety for growing your goal is taste, then pay attention to Merezhevo. The hybrid obtained as a result of grafting white mulberry has many undeniable advantages. Fruiting lasts 1 month. Fruits - large, attractive pinkish-cream color. The taste is sickeningly sweet. However, it was not without its downsides. Berries quickly crumble, do not tolerate transportation well and are stored for a short time.

Fruit-4

Behind the short stature and compact size of the tree, good productivity is hidden. The fruiting period is long, the yield is good. Fruits - large (4 cm), color - black. The taste is sweet, with light refreshing notes. The variety is resistant to low temperatures and is perfect for commercial purposes. The mulberry tree does not lose its original characteristics during transportation.

Black Baroness

The variety fully justifies its original name. Obtained as a result of experiments of domestic breeders. The fruits are large (4 cm), deep black. Fragrant and very sweet. Ripen in July. Stored - 12 hours. Yield indicators are also at the "height" - one tree gives up to 100 kg. The black baroness easily tolerates a drop in temperature to -30 degrees. If necessary, adapts to any environmental conditions.

Shelly

A variety familiar to many gardeners. Highly decorative. Gives large fruits (5.5 cm). Fruiting begins at the end of June. Berries - long, dark, with a characteristic sheen. Taste is dessert.

Dense consistency makes it possible to transport large quantities without loss.

Those who want to grow mulberries for the purpose of resale should choose this particular variety.

Mulberry variety Shelly

Black Prince

Another priceless copy. It seems to be made up of merit. Easy to care for, resistant to drought, frost and disease. It is valued for the beauty of large and glossy berries, reaching a length of 5 cm. The color is black. The taste is unusual, honey. It is noteworthy that the mulberry tree is juicy, but at the same time it does not wrinkle during transportation and is stored for a long time.

Hartut

Fans of mulberry wine should plant this variety in their country house. Fruiting begins in the 3rd year of life. Yields are high and stable. Berries - large (5.5 cm), black. The thick juice obtained from them tastes like Cahors. The variety is actively used in winemaking and cooking. Easy to grow and disease resistant.

Ukrainian-6

Valued for its high decorativeness and excellent taste. Fruiting begins in June. The fruits are elongated, large (4 cm). Color - matte black. The taste is sweet. The tree tolerates frosts down to -30 degrees without consequences. During transportation, the berries do not lose original form. Stored - more than 2 weeks.

Above are varieties intended for human consumption. However, there are many decorative varieties designed to embellish the environment. These include weeping mulberry, golden, pyramidal, Tatar, spherical. There are varieties that can be grown in small containers or pots. That is, the choice of variety will directly depend on what goals you are pursuing.

Various fruit trees grow in the garden. These are apple trees, pears, cherries, plums and cherries. However, the mulberry tree is quite rare in it. But in the recent past, it was very popular and affordable. The older generation of gardeners can tell a lot about useful plant which has now become exotic.

Varieties

An amazing long-liver comes from China. It has long been grown as a fodder crop. The leaves of the tree served as food for the silkworm - the producer of raw materials for the manufacture of a unique fabric. Gardeners grow the mulberry tree, belonging to the genus Morus, not for silk production, but as an ornamental and fruit crop. The genus consists of twenty-four species. Of these, white and black mulberries are fruitful, the distinguishing characteristic of which is the color of the bark of an adult plant. Many gardeners mistakenly believed that mulberry trees are distinguished by the color of the berries. However, this is not at all the case.

White mulberry has a light bark color. But the berries can be white, cream, pink, purple or completely black. The numerous genus Morus is represented by dioecious and rarely monoecious trees. Most of them are heat-loving plants that can be grown in the southern regions. Only white mulberry in the middle lane does not freeze slightly, grows well and bears fruit.

Description

Not every fruit plant can boast of its longevity. Within two hundred or even three hundred years, a mulberry tree will give birth, without changing its qualities over time. A spreading tree reaches a height of twenty to thirty-five meters. Often it is formed in the form of a two- or three-meter bush. The bark is light. The spherical crown is densely covered with oval foliage.

The spike-shaped inflorescences of the mulberry tree are small. They are light green in color. A dioecious or less commonly monoecious plant is pollinated by the wind. The fruits of the drupe are formed in the form of small infructescences. They have a pleasant sweet taste. Depending on the variety, the berries can be colored in various colors. White mulberry ripens from May to July. It bears fruit in the fifth year after planting. The yield is high. The berry picking period is somewhat extended due to unfriendly ripening. They are non-transportable and poorly stored, consumed immediately after removal.

This mulberry tree is winter-hardy and drought-resistant. These qualities characterize the plant as quite hardy and unpretentious. It is suitable for areas with any type of soil. In addition to these advantages, the mulberry tree is medicinal plant. The fruits are high in vitamins. In addition, they contain flavonoid, morin, carotene, fatty acid, iron salts. medicinal properties possess not only berries. The bark and leaves of the tree are also used for medicinal purposes.

Mulberry varieties

White mulberry can act as fodder, fruit and decorative culture. They are represented by various varieties with different individual properties.

So, among the fruitful varieties, white honey mulberry is quite attractive. It is characterized by relative frost resistance and unpretentiousness, resistance to diseases. A tall deciduous tree with a wide crown. Simple oval leaves are painted in light green color. Inflorescences spike-shaped. Juicy fruits are white.

Taste qualities good ones. Long harvesting begins at the end of June. Uneven fruit ripening lasts until early August. Fresh berries are stored for no more than six hours. They practically do not tolerate transportation.

Baroness white mulberry is a deciduous dioecious plant. Dense, well leafy crown has a spherical shape. Flowers are dioecious. They have a light color and form a spike-shaped inflorescence. Large berries, 3.5 cm in size and 1.5 cm in diameter, are densely colored black. Fragrant complex drupe has a sweet pleasant taste. Unlike the previous variety, the fruits are relatively transportable. The shelf life is twelve hours. The variety is high yielding.

The berry picking period is June-July. This mulberry tree is an unpretentious plant with high frost-resistant performance. Mulberry in central Russia winters well.

Mulberry Smuglyanka is a tall sprawling tree that has a pyramidal crown. Large fruits reach three centimeters. Black berries are very juicy. Taste qualities are excellent. Slightly sour taste does not spoil the berries. This variety is less winter-hardy than Baroness. In winter, the branches may freeze slightly. An unpretentious plant has a high yield. Fruit ripening occurs at the beginning of July.

In addition to fruit species, there are more than four hundred decorative forms. Mulberry varieties differ in the shape and color of the crown and foliage. These are spectacular plants that are used in landscape design. Beautiful tree and shrub compositions, alleys and hedges, which include mulberry trees. Their openwork crown goes well with evergreens.

Weeping white mulberry

A low-growing tree or shrub reaches a height and width of up to three meters. It has a very decorative appearance. The elongated branches of the mulberry tree hang down. This form is indispensable in landscape design and will decorate any garden.

dark green big leaves, whose length can be from eight to twenty centimeters, are heart-shaped. In autumn they turn yellow. The flowering period is May-June. Mulberry bears few fruits. They are edible and have a pleasant sweet taste.

In addition, there are spherical, dissected-leaved, Tatar and golden forms of white mulberry. Each of them has its own advantages and is widely used for single or group plantings.

Landing

Often summer residents do not dare to plant mulberry trees, because on small area space is limited. "Is my garden suitable for trendy exotics?" - such a question arises among gardeners when choosing one or another variety of a long-lived giant.

Growing mulberry provides several ways to form a plant that will limit the height. A tall powerful spreading tree requires larger area nutrition. Mulberry planting is carried out according to the scheme 5 x 6 m. When the height of the mulberry tree is limited and grown in the form of a bush, the scheme is different and is 2 x 3 m. White mulberry is unpretentious. It grows equally well both in adverse urban conditions and in suburban areas. summer cottages. Well-lit should be a corner of the garden in which mulberries will grow. Planting and caring for mulberry trees comply with generally accepted rules for fruit trees. Planted seedlings in early spring. The seat must be such as not to damage the root system. For better rooting a mixture of humus and sand is added to the hole. Water thoroughly and cover the planting hole with soil. Around the stem of the seedling, the soil is mulched with peat. In autumn, planting is carried out one and a half months before the onset of frost.

Agricultural technology

Care consists in removing weeds, loosening the soil and regular watering. It is especially important to monitor newly planted plants. Not allowed in trunk circles the presence of weeds that are detrimental to plants. Regular weeding and mulching with humus or peat will contribute to their normal and rapid growth. During the summer season, organic and mineral fertilizers. This agricultural technique is very important for the normal development of mulberries and obtaining good yields. Fertilization is carried out during bud break. One square meter requires fifty grams of nitrophoska. After fertilization, the soil is heavily watered. In early July, stop watering. During this period, feeding should also not be carried out. Enhanced nutrition will promote the growth of young shoots, which will freeze in winter.

pruning

So that the tree does not grow tall and looks well-groomed, its crown is formed, limiting growth to three meters. In addition, last year's young growths in winter may freeze slightly. They need to be removed. Mulberry pruning has no individual characteristics. Sanitary and anti-aging techniques are carried out, which are performed following generally accepted recommendations for fruit trees and shrubs. The mulberry tree tolerates a haircut perfectly. This reception should be regular. Crown thinning is carried out annually. In this case, diseased, damaged and weak branches are subject to removal. Also cut crossed shoots.

Obtaining seed material

White mulberry ripens in summer period. Ripe fruits are suitable for seeds. After harvesting, some of the berries are left in the sun. They are slightly overripe. Then for a few days they are placed in a container.

Juicy fruits should turn sour. Then they are ground in water. Full-weight seeds sink to the bottom of the container. This mass is rubbed through a fine sieve. The resulting seeds are dried. They must be used throughout the year. They quickly lose their viability.

seed propagation

There are several ways to obtain young plants. Maybe seed propagation. This method begins with stratification. Seeds are kept at a temperature of zero or five degrees for a month. Pre-prepare the greenhouse. In early April, mulberry will be sown in it. Reproduction in this way allows you to have forty-centimeter seedlings already in the autumn.

Vaccinations on frost-resistant rootstock

In order to preserve the maternal characteristics of a particular variety, grafting will be more effective. This method is more complicated. It requires careful selection of material for reproduction. Quite often, winter mulberry grafting is used. As a stock, young plants of frost-resistant mulberry varieties grown from seeds are used. They are dug up and stored in wet sawdust. Storage temperature should be zero degrees. Scions are also stored in wet sawdust. After vaccination planting material placed in boxes and kept at a temperature of twenty-five degrees. After that, they are stored in wet sawdust at zero temperature until spring.

Mulberry grafting in the spring is performed on last year's stocks. This event falls on the period before bud break. Used cuttings cut in autumn. They are stored all winter in wet sawdust at zero temperature.

Can be grafted in the summer. To do this, use the blanks of the current year.

Reproduction by green cuttings

Planting material is harvested in the second decade of June. Green shoots are suitable, the length of which is at least fifteen centimeters. They are cut from non-lignified branches. The blanks are processed by removing the lower leaves and shortening the upper ones by half. Before rooting, the cuttings are kept for six hours in an aqueous solution of heteroauxin.

Or they are placed in a mixture of sand and peat, which is moistened with this solution. Green cuttings are rooted in closed ground. The main condition is high humidity. To create a greenhouse effect, cover with plastic wrap.

Diseases and pests

Like any culture, white mulberry is susceptible to infection. It can be affected by diseases such as bacteriosis, powdery mildew and root rot.

In the spring, preventive spraying of the tree with special preparations is carried out.

There are also many pests in the mulberry tree. Khrushchi, Medvedka, mulberry barbel, wireworm and spider mite damage various parts of the plant. To combat them, mechanical and chemical methods. In the autumn period, fallen leaves must be removed and burned.

Features of harvesting

White mulberry is characterized by an extended period of fruiting. Berries ripen unevenly. On the one hand, this is good. More a long period mulberry will delight ripe juicy fruits. However, ripe fruits should be removed in a timely manner. Almost all varieties of white mulberry are poorly stored. They are non-transportable. If the harvest is delayed, the berries fall off, which leads to their spoilage. After removal, the fruits are immediately processed or consumed fresh.

Useful properties of white mulberry

The medicinal properties of mulberry have been known for a long time. Eating fresh berries improves general condition person. White mulberry contributes to the normalization of work nervous system. It is included in diets for weight loss. Low-calorie berry perfectly normalizes metabolism. In addition, the plant cleanses the intestines and promotes the removal of toxins. Mulberries are most often consumed fresh. It is also subjected to culinary processing. It is suitable for preparations for the future. You can make juices, syrups, jams and marmalades. Wines and liqueurs have an exquisite taste. It is also dried. In this form, it is used instead of sugar. White mulberry is indispensable in cosmetology. It is included in various masks for hair, face and body.

However, with all the advantages, one should not forget about the individual characteristics of the organism. Like any medicine, the use of mulberry has contraindications. Overuse can be harmful. Berries are not recommended for diabetics. For them, dried mulberry leaves will be more useful.

Mulberry is a tall (10-30 m) deciduous tree of the Mulberry family. Mulberry cultivation is practiced in many countries of the world. In the East, it is bred for the leaves that the silkworm feeds on (its pupae serve as raw materials for the production of silk). We grow these trees for fruits - juicy drupes black, white or pinkish in color with a thin skin and a sweet dessert flavor. Despite the diversity of species and varieties of mulberry, no more than two dozen are grown in culture, a description of which will be presented in this article.

Varieties

The classification of mulberry is quite extensive and ambiguous. The Mulberry genus includes about 200 plant species, only 17 of which are considered universally recognized and are cultivated in different parts of the world. The remaining species are represented by fruit, fodder and ornamental hybrids that do not have a clear classification.

From the whole variety of forms and types, three main ones are distinguished, depending on the color of the fruit: black, white and red mulberries, which, in turn, are divided into varieties.

Mulberry black and white are considered the most common. They land everywhere: in India, Afghanistan, Portugal, Spain, including in the south and in the regions of central Russia. White mulberry came to us from eastern China, where it has been grown for more than 3 thousand years as food for the silkworm. From China, the plant migrated to Central Asia and then to Transcaucasia. Mulberry came to Europe around the 12th century, and to Russia in the 17th century, but not all territories had a suitable climate for growing it, so the culture moved to the regions of the Caucasus and the Volga region.

White mulberry, in comparison with other species, is low (13-18 m). Its crown is compact, spherical shape, but sometimes sprawling. The trunk and main branches have a light grayish-brown color, due to which this variety was called “white”, since its fruits are not only light, but also pink, yellow, and even black. White mulberries are considered the sweetest - they contain from 12 to 23% of sugars. These trees have a very decorative appearance - multi-colored seedlings in combination with foliage of various shapes make it possible to use plants in garden and park construction.

The red mulberry comes from eastern America. The trees are low (10-15 m) with large (up to 14 cm) heart-shaped foliage and a dense voluminous crown. The bark of the trunk and large branches is brown, rough. The fruit is a purple drupe 2-3 cm long, resembling a slightly unripe blackberry in appearance. It is quite sweet (up to 11% sugar), and, in comparison with white and black berries, can be stored longer. In terms of frost resistance, red mulberry is superior to white, but it is not so common in gardens.

Black mulberry is native to Central Asia (Iran and Afghanistan). The trees of this species are tall, with a spreading crown and large ovate or heart-shaped dark green leaves. The bark of the trunk is dark, brown in color. The berry is black or dark blue, large size (2-5 cm), very juicy, sweet and sour taste. Trees are undemanding to the soil, they tolerate heat and drought well, but they are thermophilic, so the greatest return from them will be in southern regions.

Almost all types of mulberry are dioecious plants (male and female flowers located on different trees), so for pollination it is necessary to plant two trees side by side, however, there is also a self-fertile mulberry, the pollination of which occurs mainly with the help of wind. The culture grows very quickly and is easily grafted - several varieties can grow on one tree at the same time, with different colors of seedlings. Mulberry trees are long-lived - their life expectancy can be from 150 to 500 years.

Video "Features of growing mulberries"

From the video you will learn how to grow mulberry.

White varieties

As you know, white mulberry can have different color fertility, but in order to make it easier for a simple layman to figure out which variety of berries have exactly a light color, a list of the most basic white-fruited varieties is offered:

1. White honey. A very popular hybrid of domestic selection in amateur gardening, obtained by free pollination of the best samples of white mulberry. A medium-sized tree, the crown is dense, pyramidal. Seed fruit - elongated white drupes 3 cm long with a sweet honey taste. Fruiting is regular, the yield is high. The trees are frost-resistant (withstand up to -30 ° C), after frost they quickly recover. The berries are very tender, so they are transported and stored poorly.
2. White tenderness. Frost-resistant variety with high productivity. Fruiting begins in early June and lasts for 2 months. Seedlings of pure white color, long, sweet in taste, but in rainy weather the taste worsens (becomes neutral).
3. Mulberry pink Smolensk. New early (beginning of July) variety for home gardening. The plant is unpretentious, frost-resistant, begins to bear fruit in the first year of planting. Seed fruit - small (2-3 cm), pinkish or red, very sweet. Due to the special shape of the leaves and multi-colored seedlings, the culture is often used as decorative element garden.
4. Fruit-1. An early ripe (June) variety with white seedlings, which tend to turn pink in rainy weather. The berries are large (3 cm), sweet taste with slight sourness. Yield per high level, the fruiting period is long. The berries are juicy, but quite dense, can be transported.
5. Ukrainian-107. Mid-season (July) hybrid with light pink, large (2.5-3 cm) seedlings. The taste is dessert, sweet, the fruits are transportable. The resistance of trees to frost and disease is high. Fruiting is plentiful, begins from 3 years. The yield from an adult tree is 15-17 kg.
6. Merezhevo. A hybrid obtained by grafting white mulberry. Mid-season (first decade of July), fruiting lasts 1 month. Infructescences are pinkish-creamy, large in size, cloyingly sweet in taste, easily fall off the tree, and are not stored for a long time.

black varieties

And here everything is ambiguous - many varieties with dark (black berries) belong to white mulberry, but in order to avoid confusion, this section will present varieties whose seedlings have a characteristic black color description:

1. Fruit-4. Black-fruited productive variety with rather large (up to 4 cm) berries. The plant is compact, low (up to 5 m). Fruiting is regular, plentiful, stretched, the total yield is very high. The variety is frost-resistant, suitable for commercial cultivation. Fruits of sweet refreshing taste, dense, well transported.
2. Black baroness (white mulberry). Domestic variety obtained from free pollination. The fruits are large (3.5-4 cm), rich black color, dessert taste, with a slight sweetish aroma. The variety is frost-resistant (does not freeze at -30 ° C), mid-season (ripens in early July), unpretentious to conditions. Productivity is high - adult, large plant capable of producing up to 100 kg of berries per season. Transportability is average, the shelf life of berries is up to 12 hours.
3. Smuglyanka (refers to white mulberry). A self-fertile hybrid obtained from the pollination of a white variety. The trees are large, with a dense spreading crown. Seed fruit - one-dimensional, cylindrical, large (3.5-4 cm), black in color, sour-sweet in taste. Fruiting is regular, the yield is high. The variety is frost-resistant, quickly restored. Berries are transportable, stored for 12-18 hours.
4. Ukrainian-6. Universal variety, created in the Ukrainian research institute - gives delicious berries, can be used to feed the silkworm, as well as for decorative purposes. The fruits are long, large (up to 4 cm), black, matte in color and have a sweet dessert taste. Fruiting is plentiful, earlier (beginning of June). Frost resistance is high (can withstand up to -30 ° C). The transportability of berries is good, storage - more than 12 hours.

Large varieties

Varieties are considered large-fruited, giving seedlings of at least 4-5 cm. These include:

1. Mulberry Istanbul. A highly productive frost-resistant variety with large (up to 5 cm) dark purple seedlings. The ripening period is late (end of July - beginning of August), fruiting is plentiful, starting from the age of 4.
2. Mulberry Shelley. Early (end of June) large-fruited variety with decorative large leaves and no less attractive fruits. The mulberry of this variety is considered one of the largest - the size of its seedlings reaches 5-5.5 cm. The berries are elongated, black, glossy, sweet dessert taste, dense, can be transported.
3. Mulberry Galicia 1. Universal hybrid of Ukrainian selection. Seed fruit is very large (6-8 cm), oblong, black or dark purple in color (looks like a blackberry), sweet, refreshing taste, with a slight berry aroma. Productivity is high - up to 40 kg from a 5-7 year old tree.
4. Mulberry Black Prince. Unpretentious, resistant to disease, drought and frost variety. The fruits are large (4-5 cm), glossy, intense black color, sweet honey taste. Despite their juiciness, the berries are well transported and stored.
5. Mulberry Hartut. Ideal Variety for making wine - the juice of the berries of this mulberry is sweet and thick, like high-quality Cahors. The fruits are quite large (4-5.5 cm), black, contain 18-20% sugars, are recommended for winemaking, jam, as a dessert. The variety is self-fertile, fruiting starts from the age of 3, the yield is stable and high.

Decorative varieties

Of all the many varieties and varieties of mulberries, most of them are decorative species that have long been successfully grown by gardeners for use in landscape design. The basis for the withdrawal of the majority ornamental varieties white mulberry served - it is its varieties that differ in the variety of shapes and colors of leaves, the original crown.

Ornamental mulberry can be used in a single planting, or to create hedges. It tolerates pruning, haircuts, and is resistant to weather conditions.

These trees have many unusual and spectacular forms that are widely used to decorate landscape space:

For decorating rooms, a remontant variety is used - it is a dwarf, very compact mulberry that can be grown in a pot or container. You can also decorate the garden with universal varieties that are highly decorative, and at the same time give very tasty berries. These include: Smolensk pink, which has already been mentioned, or Red felt - a beautiful tree with reddish top and bottom white leaves and delicious purple seedlings. This solution is most suitable for a small private garden, as it allows not only to enjoy the amazing taste of berries, but also to divide or decorate the landscape space.

Video "Features of the mulberry tree"

From the video you will learn what a mulberry tree is.

Of all the variety of mulberry trees, white mulberry is considered the most suitable food for silkworms. We love her for her berries - white, red, dark purple, but so tasty, sweet and juicy. Who does not remember the confusion of parents at the sight of ink stains on clothes and children's faces?

The main plus of white mulberry is obvious - the absence of its traces on the face 🙂

Why white if the berries are multi-colored?

White mulberry, in Latin transcription morus alba, is a deciduous fruit and berry tree of the Mulberry family, cultivated in China since time immemorial. Here it is grown as an industrial crop. Only tender young mulberry leaves are suitable for feeding silkworms - these domesticated silkworm butterflies are such gourmets! The culture came to Russia in the 17th century, but was considered thermophilic, therefore it became widespread in the southern regions. Many have been released now frost-resistant varieties, allowing the use of mulberry for garden and decorative purposes, not only in the middle lane, but also in the more northern regions of Russia.

White mulberry in the description of botanical features has many attractive characteristics:

• grows on soils of any texture and level of fertility;
• drought-resistant;
• resistant to air pollution;
• growing fast;
• durable (at one place lives up to 300 years).

Outwardly, it is a rather tall (18–20 m) tree with a dense tent-like crown. The leaves are dark green, at first whole-cut, as they grow - lobed, large in size. Young shoots are covered with gray-green, whitish bark - hence the name of the species, in contrast to red or mulberry, which, respectively, has a brown or dark bark.

White mulberry berries are seedlings, consisting of many drupes, most of all similar to blackberries. They are collected in bunches of several pieces. The berries are cylindrical in shape, up to 5 cm long, the color varies from white and golden beige to red and dark purple. The brushes look very elegant at the time of ripening, forming colorful “bouquets” of multi-colored berries.

Note! natural views mulberries - dioecious, male plants bloom beautifully, but do not produce fruit and can only be used for decorative purposes. Many modern varieties are devoid of this drawback - they were originally bred as self-fertile or not requiring pollination at all (parthenocarpic).

Garden forms and varieties

White mulberry belongs to those few fruit and berry trees that, in addition to the utilitarian purpose, have many forms and varieties with high decorative qualities. This allows you to use them to get delicious, useful berries and landscaping.

Decorative varieties

In the park economy of southern cities, mulberries are planted in alleys, groups, used for hedges and spectacular tapeworms. Durability and unpretentiousness to soils made the plant ideal for strengthening embankments, slopes, creeping soils. Common in ornamental gardening the following forms tree.

• Mulberry white Pendula (weeping). It is a low (up to 5 m) tree with flexible drooping shoots, forming a dense wide crown, similar to an umbrella. With age, the tree becomes sprawling, spherical in shape. According to the form of pollination - a dioecious plant, forms fruits of red-violet color.
• Mulberry large-leaved, with ovoid pointed leaves of light green color, is extremely interesting. In diameter, the leaf plate can reach 22–25 cm or more. The tree itself is low, usually grafted onto a trunk.
• The garden form Dissected leaf is distinguished by a special elegance of foliage. Large elongated leaf plates with clearly defined three lobes form a spherical crown.

Among the decorative forms of interest are Sh. Pyramidalnaya, Sh. Bushy, Sh. Golden and others.

Harvest varieties

And yet we love the mulberry tree, primarily because of the berries, so large-fruited fruitful varieties with a rich taste and aroma of berries are popular with gardeners.

• White honey mulberry is one of the most popular varieties in amateur gardening. Differs early (starting from June) and abundant fruiting. Berries of medium size, sweet, fragrant, white. The variety is self-fertile, frost-resistant, medium-sized, bears fruit for 4-5 years.
• Mulberry Pink Smolensk - early, frost-resistant variety with pink berries that darken as they ripen. Small in size, the fruits are very pleasant in taste, sweet, but not cloying, with a slight sourness.
• Black baroness (refers to white mulberry - Morus alba.), Got its name from the color of the berries. Black shiny large sweet-tasting fruits ripen in mid-summer. The tree is tall, sprawling, at the peak of fruiting capable of producing up to 100 kg of berries per season.
• Smuglyanka (Related to white mulberry - Morus alba.) - Another chokeberry representative of the species, although not of "noble" origin. Unlike the aristocratic Baroness, the seedlings are not so sweet - there is a pleasant sourness in the taste. The berries are cylindrical, large (3.5–4 cm long), the tree is monoecious, self-fertile, productive.
• The most large-fruited variety is Shelly 150, bred by Ukrainian breeders. Sweet juicy fruit reaches 5.5 cm in length, weighs 5–6 g. The leaf plate in good conditions (humidity, fertile soil) can grow up to half a meter.

Note! If you prefer varieties with white seedlings, besides Medovaya, White Tenderness, Luganochka, Victoria, Belaya No. 20 have proven themselves well.

Useful properties: everything goes into action!

Creating white mulberries, nature took care not only of the taste and beneficial properties of the fruit, it disposed in such a way that all its parts are of a fairly high value.

Progress is progressing by leaps and bounds, but in order to get natural silk, nothing can replace the tender mulberry leaves that feed the silkworm caterpillars.

Mulberry wood is valued for its strength, density, elasticity, pleasant reddish tint, beautiful drawing. It is used for the manufacture of musical instruments, wooden utensils.

In folk medicine, for medicinal purposes, various decoctions and infusions are used from the bark, roots, buds, leaves, white mulberry berries.

• Decoctions from the bark and roots relieve coughing attacks in bronchitis and asthma, and have expectorant properties.
• Tea, brewed and leaves, has a diaphoretic and antipyretic effect on the body.
• Sweet fresh berries regulate insulin levels, useful for diabetics.
• The juice of freshly picked fruits heals stomach and duodenal ulcers. But the juice of the roots, on the contrary, is poisonous, it is used as an anthelmintic.
• Sweet and viscous mulberry syrup has a hemostatic property, increases the level of hemoglobin in the blood.
• Mulberry seedlings contribute to the normalization of metabolism, purify the blood, and have a beneficial effect on the liver.

White mulberries are an ingredient in many desserts, fruit sweets and preparations. Jam and jelly are made from it, dark varieties are added to compotes from slightly colored fruits. A very tasty, light and healthy wine is made from fallen and crushed berries. Mulberry fruits are well dried, while retaining all the useful properties. In winter, they can be brewed instead of tea, added to compotes, or simply eaten assorted with other dried fruits.

Advice! ripe mulberry crumbles very easily. In order not to eat fruits from the ground, pull impromptu trampolines from old sheets, tulle curtains, fine mesh under the crown. And the berries will be whole and clean, and it is convenient to collect!

In the East, the mulberry tree grows in every yard, it is considered a talisman, a symbol of life and wisdom of the universe - the mulberry will never bloom until the threat of frost has passed. We don’t know if the mulberry tree will become a talisman for your home, but tasty and healing berry provide in abundance.

Mulberry in the middle lane:

Every year, gardeners are increasingly planting mulberry (mulberry) in their garden. But which variety to choose? Mulberry varieties are very diverse. Therefore, it will be useful to know how they differ from each other.

Despite the name of the group, white mulberry can bear fruit with berries (fruits) not only white, but also pink, yellow and even dark in color. All plants are of the white type due to the grayish (light) color of the bark.

Homeland is East and Asia Minor. Planting seedlings of white varieties can be carried out both in the southern and northern regions of our country. Trees are characterized by rapid growth, as well as a spreading and dense crown. In addition, the description of all varieties of this group has the same item - sugary-tasting fruits.

by the most popular varieties are:

• pink mulberry Smolensk. Early variety. Fruiting at Smolenskaya begins in the first year after planting in early July. The plant is unpretentious, cold-resistant. The fruits are medium-sized, red or pink;
• White tenderness. Highly productive hardy tree. Harvest ripens in early June. Ripening lasts two months. Mulberry white;
• Fruit-1. Another early ripe species, the fruits of which ripen in June. Ripe seed fruits of white color, rather large;
• Ukrainian-107. Mid-season hybrid. The berries ripen in July. They are large and light pink in color. Fruiting here begins at 3 years of age;
• Mulberry White honey. Self-pollinating plant, which is characterized by winter hardiness and high yield. The berries ripen in June-July. Seed fruit have a pronounced honey taste;
• mulberry Smuglyanka. It is unpretentious and hardy plant. The tree has an average growth rate. Smuglyanka forms rather large berries of a dark color.

Another white variety is Black Baroness Mulberry. This is the most popular variety. Since the name is Black Baroness, then the berries, respectively, have a dark color. Fruits are large and very sweet in taste. They have a mild aroma. It is characterized by consistently high yield and cold resistance. The fruits ripen in June-July.

black varieties

Black mulberry has the main difference from white varieties - the bark of a red-brown color. There are no more obvious differences between the two species. The only thing is that black species are more capricious in terms of care and not so frost-resistant (though not all trees).

It is known that black mulberry appeared in Afghanistan and Iran. Outwardly, it is a tall tree that can reach a height of 15 m.

The most popular black varieties are:

• mulberry Black Prince. It has a lot of advantages: easy care, cold resistance, beautiful berries, etc. Black mulberry tastes sweet, with a honey flavor;
• Fruit-4. Compact, you might say. dwarf species. Differs in high productivity. The berries are dark in color and very sweet. They tolerate transportation well;
• Ukrainian-6. It is a universal variety. Often used as feed for silkworms or for ornamental purposes. The fruits are large, dark in color. Dessert taste. Early fruiting is typical. Good transportability of seedlings;
• Shelly-150. Often refers to decorative varieties. Forms elongated dark berries. Fruiting begins at the end of June. Seed fruit tolerate transportation well.

Nadezhda also belongs to the black varieties of this crop. This is a medium-sized tree that grows up to 10 m in height. Fruiting occurs in large dark-colored berries. They ripen in July. Seed fruit perfectly adhere to the branches, due to which they do not crumble for a long time when ripe. Hope steadily bears fruit, giving every year bountiful harvest. At the same time, the tree normally tolerates low temperatures.

Decorative

In addition to white and black species, mulberry also has decorative varieties. These trees are actively used in landscape design, as they have a beautiful appearance.

Majority ornamental plants were bred from white varieties, as they have a wide variety of colors and forms of the leaf plate, and also form the original crown. decorative trees they tolerate shearing well and are highly resistant to various weather conditions.

Today, the following decorative varieties are distinguished:

• spherical. small tree with a spherical compact crown;
• pyramidal. The plant has a pyramidal crown, the green part of which is lobed leaves;
• large-leaved. This is a standard variety that forms quite large leaves light green;
• Tatar. It is a slow-growing and undersized semi-shrub, the crown of which consists of small leaves;
• weeping. Branches of a drooping type, like a willow. The crown consists of unusually shaped small leaves;
• golden. Young shoots have a golden color of the bark. They darken with age.

Ornamental plants also include varieties such as Lasiniata (has carved beautiful leaves), Pyramidalis (pyramidal-shaped crown), Aurea (leaves are painted yellow) and Globos (beautiful spherical crown).

large-fruited

Large-fruited varieties are the most popular among gardeners. Trees that form large berries (about 4-5 cm) are easier to harvest. At the same time, the taste of large-fruited berries is in no way inferior to varieties with small seedlings.

The most popular large-fruited varieties among gardeners in our country are White Tenderness, Shelly-150 and Black Prince. In addition to them, the following types are in demand:

• Istanbul. The variety is characterized by high productivity and good cold resistance. Fruit ripening occurs in late July or early August. The first harvest is formed at the age of 4;
• Galicia-1. Hybrid of universal purpose, bred in Ukraine. Is the most large-fruited plant, since its berries often measure 6-8 cm. The color of the fruit is dark purple. Outwardly, they look like blackberries. They have a light berry aroma. One tree at the age of 5-7 years gives up to 40 kg of yield;
• Hartut. The variety is self-fertile. Yields are stable and abundant. Fruiting first occurs at 3 years of age. The fruit of this variety is often used to make wine. The fruits have a sweet taste due to the fact that their pulp contains up to 20% sugars. Thanks to the thick juice of such berries, a delicious Cahors is obtained. Also, excellent jam is brewed from these fruits.

As you can see, mulberry today is represented by a wide variety of varieties. Moreover, some of them (for example, the Black Prince, Shelly-150) have two parameters at once - large-fruited and dark-colored berries.

All varieties described above can be grown without any problems in almost any area of ​​​​our country.

Video "How to plant mulberries"

From this video you will learn how to plant mulberries in the garden.

Black mulberry belongs to the trees of the Mulberry family, its foliage is simple oval in shape with jagged edges, and the berries are very fleshy, dark in color. The plant is quite common, and you can see it in different territories, ranging from Kuril Islands and ending with European countries. Persia is considered its homeland, from where this tree with sweet and healthy fruits was distributed to the countries of Asia, America, and Europe.

By the way, in Europe, two types of mulberry are most often cultivated: black and white. The latter is grown for silkworm feed.

Black mulberry tree: description of leaves, berries and wood

Black mulberry has coarser leaves than its "relative". The fruits of this tree are indispensable in cooking. Wood is also used, which has high elasticity and strength. It is used in different types carpentry, as well as for the production of musical instruments.

According to some external characteristics, black mulberry differs significantly from its “white” counterparts in its description:

• the color of the bark and young shoots is much darker;
• foliage is larger and tougher.

The mulberry tree is quite large and can grow up to 15 m in height, but with correct pruning manages to maintain a neat shape or even give it the appearance of a coppice shrub.

In the early years, the development of the plant is active, but gradually slows down.

The color is very small and barely noticeable among the dense foliage of the tree, pollination occurs with the help of wind. The berries of black mulberries, depending on the variety, can be quite large. They are dark, complex in shape, reminiscent of the structure of raspberries or blackberries. The berry is sweet, fleshy and juicy, has very small seeds. Ripening is uneven, so you can harvest from June to August.

Even despite the fact that warm Persia is considered the birthplace of the plant, black mulberry also grows in the Moscow region, where the climate is quite severe. The tree tolerates frost and gives good yields. The plant is able to easily endure prolonged drought, is not too demanding on soils and can develop quickly even in saline soils. Often plantings of these trees can be found in quite severe regional zones of Russia, where winter frosts can reach -30 degrees. Such resistance was acquired by new varieties that were bred by breeders. Therefore, many varieties, including those described below, black mulberries planted in the Moscow region, do not require a specific approach to cultivation and care.

Description of black mulberry varieties and their features

Breeders have bred many varieties of black mulberry. Below are the main characteristics of some of the high-yielding varieties common in middle regions, with a description of their features.

Plodovaya-4 - this variety is different small size crowns, but at the same time high productivity. The berries are large - up to 4 cm in length, black in color, sweet in taste, but have light refreshing notes. The fruits are quite elastic, so they are resistant to transportation over long distances.

Black mulberry with the name of the variety Black Baroness was obtained as a result of the work of domestic breeders. The berries are distinguished by their large size and sweet taste, when ripe they become almost black. The peak of fruit collection occurs in July, and up to 100 kg of crop can be harvested from one tree. The black baroness endures severe frosts, takes root on any soil.

Shelly is known by many gardeners as one of the most productive and at the same time with good decorative mulberry variety. It bears fruits up to 5.5 cm in length, and the peak of productivity occurs at the end of July. The berry is characterized by a dense texture and retains a fresh appearance for a long time after harvest.

The mulberry tree of the Black Prince variety produces large glossy dark berries, reaching 5 cm in length. It has many advantages, which are both ease of care for it and high yields. Able to withstand prolonged drought, not subject to low temperatures, rarely susceptible to diseases. The fruits are quite elastic and can withstand transportation.

Hargut begins to bear fruit in the third year, the berries are very large, reach 5.5 cm in length, fleshy and black. With its taste characteristics, fruit juice resembles Cahors wine. Such black mulberry, based on the description of this variety, is ideal for winemaking. The plant is quite resistant to diseases and adverse growing conditions.

Many varieties of black mulberry are grown specifically for harvesting good berry crops, but there are also those that are used as ornamental plants. These include weeping mulberry, pyramidal, spherical, golden, Tatar, etc.

Look at the black mulberry of decorative varieties in the photo: with correct formation crowns can be obtained very interesting and unusual trees:

Photo gallery

The choice of variety largely depends on what exactly you want to get from mulberries in your area: aesthetic beauty or a good harvest.

Mulberry care principles

If you decide to plant black mulberry on a plot, the cultivation of which does not require significant investments or knowledge in gardening, then remember the basic simple principles of caring for it:

Even though many varieties of this plant are not very demanding on watering and can withstand long droughts, watering is still necessary, especially in the first half of summer. Timely moistening of the soil from April to July with the addition of mineral and organic dressings will help the tree gain strength, give a good juicy harvest and endure severe frosts.

An adult mulberry tree of some varieties can be very tall and bulky, so in order for the plant to not only give a rich harvest, but also look aesthetically beautiful on your site, it is necessary to carry out sanitary and decorative pruning in early spring. If you want to get a tree no higher than 2 m, then the formation takes place with a trunk of 0.5-1.5 m.

This is the main thing that should be followed when planting black mulberry, and caring for growing trees. Most often, shoots or green cuttings from an adult tree are taken for planting on the site. This method gives a very high survival rate, while maintaining all the indicators of the parent variety.