The most important factor determining the main performance characteristics roof, is a type of roofing. The roof protects the house from precipitation and temperature effects, and also performs decorative functions. Among the most high-quality, capable of successfully solving the listed tasks, Stroymet specialists include natural tiles. This is, of course, one of the best roof coverings offered today on the world and Russian market.

The history of tiles goes back several thousand years. Ceramic tiles were one of the first building materials created by man from natural raw materials (clay). It is most widely used in European countries, in particular in the territory of modern Germany, France, Greece, Italy. In Russia, natural tiles began to be popular only about two centuries ago. In the Soviet period, it was used in construction extremely rarely (as a rule, only in some regions, for example, in the Baltic states). It can be said that in the 21st century, the traditions of using natural tiles in our country are being formed anew.

There are two main types of this material widely represented on the market: and. They are made respectively from heat-treated clay and special solution cement and sand. Of course, since the advent of natural tiles, production technologies have seriously changed. Today, this is done not by handicraftsmen, but by international corporations, which have large factories equipped with the most modern equipment.

The main advantages of natural tiles over other types of roofing are long term service (usually manufacturers talk about a 100-year period, but in fact it can be much longer), environmental friendliness of the material, resistance to moisture, temperature extremes, sunlight and radiation, static electricity. Another important advantage is a wonderful appearance and a huge range of models, colors and textures of tiles. Beauty, expressiveness and elegance this material leaves all competitors far behind.

Stroymet presents the widest selection cement-sand and ceramic tiles of the world's leading manufacturers. You can buy natural tiles from us at competitive prices.

Foreword

natural ceramic tiles- one of the most popular and durable materials for roofing.

Content

Natural ceramic tiles are one of the most popular and durable roofing materials. Its service life can be about a hundred years. Munknunn and Rupp Keramik tiles are in particular demand. Persistent resistance external influence, aesthetics, long service life on the one hand and the complexity of installation with the high cost of work on the other hand. Evaluate all the pros and cons before giving preference to this material.

Types of ceramic tiles of Russian and foreign manufacturers

One of the types of ceramic tiles that are in high demand today is the tray S-shaped tile. It is produced by WIEKOR, which is also known for its lightest double-groove tile called "Marseilles". Slotted tiles have proven their strength and reliability for many centuries.

This ceramic roof tile belongs to one of the traditional forms, fits well into the country landscape, and in a modernized design (with a double butt seam) reliably saves from rain even with gentle slopes with a minimum slope of 18°. The modernized tray tile with the peculiar name "munknunn" ("monk-nun") is in great demand. On the roof, the upper curved "tray" overlaps the longitudinal adjacent edges of the two lower concave ones. This tile requires a slope of at least 40°. good reviews uses ceramic tiles for the roof of the company Rupp Keramik. Among them, the most well-known are S-profile slotted tiles, the increased longitudinal wave of which not only contributes to efficient drainage, but also enhances the contrast of light and shadow, giving the roof a special aesthetic value.

See photos of houses with ceramic tiles of various types:

Flat strip tiles, which replaced natural flagstone slate for our ancestors, are the simplest and cheapest. It is also called the "beaver tail", although this is only one of its many possible outlines.

Since ancient times, clay pipes were used to build water conduits, as well as trays (raw pipe blanks cut lengthwise) - they became the prototype of the simplest tray tiles, which, perhaps, protect against rain better than others. This tile requires a roof pitch of at least 40°.

Flat strip tiles is a plate with a size of 365 × 155 or 40 × 220 mm, having a spike at the bottom for mating with. To prevent leakage, they must be laid in two layers to completely cover the seams. This leads to an increased consumption of material, which, along with a large weight of 60-80 kg / m2, is a significant disadvantage of such a roof.

Ceramic tiles obtained from clay mass by shaping, drying and firing. As a result of firing at a temperature of 1000ᵒС, natural ceramic tiles acquire a red-brown color. If a glazed layer is applied to the front surface during firing, the tile acquires a brilliant colored protective film.

The main suppliers of ceramic tiles in the Russian construction market are: Bunkovo ​​ceramic plant (Moscow region), Kuchinsky ceramic plant (Moscow region), Pskovkeramika plant (Pskov), Keramik (Kaliningrad region), Norsk ceramic plant (Yaroslavl region), Mitekom enterprise (Zhostovo, Moscow region).In addition, the traditional two-groove ceramic tiles from foreign manufacturers imported to Russia from France (Ceric), Germany (Braas), Austria, Finland, Lithuania (Lode), Belarus (Zabudova).

The shape and dimensions of roof tiles

The culmination of the evolution of tiled forms was a flat stamped or slotted tile with the highest coefficient of covering power. For effective drainage, longitudinal grooves and waves are molded in it, and along the contour of the upper and lower sides - anti-rain barriers in the form of folds and drainage grooves.

Particularly noteworthy is the recently widespread S-shaped ("Dutch") form of ceramic tiles - an intermediate type between tray and stamped. From the first it is brought together by the principle of drainage, from the second - by the lock joint (in some cases only according to longitudinal edge, and in others and on the end face).

Here you can see photos of ceramic tiles of various shapes:

Typical dimensions of ceramic tiles are 390×240 and 330×420 mm. The coating is very heavy, the mass of 1 m2 of such a coating is 40-70 kg, so the roof slope angle must be at least 25 °, otherwise you will have to make a very powerful truss system. The durability of a tiled roof is more than 100 years. The Moscow enterprise "BRAAS-DSK-1" produces cement-sand tiles measuring 420 × 330 mm. It is cheaper, but also less durable than ceramic.

Advantages and disadvantages of ceramic tiles

The main advantage of ceramic tiles is its durability (up to 100 years); high resistance to aggressive external environment; beautiful appearance, wide range of colors and environmental friendliness. Also, ceramic tiles have properties such as fire safety and good ventilation qualities. Also to positive characteristics ceramic tiles include proven laying technology, ease of installation of complex roofs; ease of dismantling the roof (or fragments) if necessary; a wide range of additional elements (snow retention, air elements, through elements, etc.); low operating costs.

To the disadvantages of ceramic tiles in classic version can be attributed to its large mass (leads to an increase in the cost of the entire object, since it is necessary to strengthen all supporting structures), the complexity of installation and the very high cost of work. The cost of installing such a tile is comparable to the price of the material itself. In addition, the tile is an extremely fragile material, because in the case of poor-quality firing, its frost resistance is noticeably reduced, since the moisture accumulated in the pores freezes in the cold and breaks the tile.

Laying ceramic roof tiles

The lack of appropriate practice has given rise to a false opinion about the extraordinary consumption of wood for roof tiles. In fact, according to the rule of mechanics about the decomposition of forces, a slope made at an inclination of 60ᵒ (usual for tiles) is subjected to a transverse force equal to only 1/2 of its weight (the famous "leg against an angle of 30 °"). With steeper slopes, this component tends to zero. In general, natural tiles, oddly enough, are much cheaper than their imitations made of metal or plastic. Since the main time expenditures go to the installation of rafters, battens, finishing of cornices and gables, none of them has advantages in this regard. At the same time, not a single material fits into roofing works and is not removed during repairs as quickly and simply as tiles. In addition, the device of adjoining small-sized tiles to countless over-roof structures is incomparably simpler than large-format materials.

A roof made of ceramic tiles is aesthetically pleasing and lasts a long time, but what is the reason for the cracks that occur in tiles over time? According to experts, this is due to deformations wooden frame roofs exposed to wind and snow loads. The roof structure should be strengthened, which can be done by tamping the rafters with boards 38 mm thick and 15-18 cm wide, connecting several (3-4) rafter legs.

Attention! Condensation can ruin tiles! Water is very dangerous both in the material itself and in direct contact with it. natural tile, saturated with moisture, during frosts it can simply crumble.

What to do when hardened at the joints of tile tiles crumble? The cracks that appear are replaced with a fresh solution consisting of two parts of sand and one part of lime with the addition of flax fiber (tow). The solution is laid between the tiles from the side of the attic.

The tile will be easier to saw if you pre-soak it in water for 24 hours.

Slotted tiles have grooves along the longitudinal edges, an eyelet at the bottom (a tide with a hole for the wire), and a bumper comb at the top. All these details provide impermeable interfaces, so the slot tiles are laid in one layer. So that it is not thrown off by the wind, when laying ceramic tiles through a row, they are tied with oven wire to nails hammered into the beams of the crate. 2-3 months after laying the roof, when its sediment has passed, the gaps with inside smeared with clay-lime mortar. The ridge and ribs of the slopes are covered with special shaped tiles. In the places of installation of grooves, protective aprons of pipes, dormer windows and wall drainage gutters lay sheets of roofing iron.

The device of the roof of the roof of cement-sand tiles (with photo)

Clay (ceramic) and cement-sand rolled tiles for roofing with with good reason united by the common name "natural", since the raw material basis of cement is essentially the same clay, more precisely, clay-carbonate marls. The durability of cement-sand roof tiles (primarily in terms of frost resistance), like clay, is 100-150 years, and therefore guarantee period its replacement is 30 years.

As you can see in the photo, cement-sand tiles, thanks to volume painting, retain the same color during operation:

Colored mortar mixture consisting of Portland cement, quartz sand, alkali-resistant pigment and water, pressed under high pressure. The material is characterized by precise dimensions, strength and excellent design. Distinctive feature cement-sand tiles is that it gains strength during operation. This is due to the chemical and physical properties of Portland cement.

The device of polymer-sand cement tiles is a waste of polyethylene mixed with hot sand and dye. All this is melted and then pressed into finished goods. Such tile differs in high impact durability, resistance to influence of a mold, fungi. Its mass is somewhat less than ceramic or cement-sand tiles.

Ceramic tiles - how expensive roofing can save hundreds of thousands of rubles?

What does a European have that a Russian does not have? Thrift and foresight are the main features that distinguish us in our views. That's why 87% of roofs in Europe and 1/3 of roofs worldwide covered with natural tiles, and we are still looking for ways to “eat a fish and ride a horse.” Now we will prove why ceramic tiles in Russia are a profitable roofing material and expose all the myths and legends that wander through construction forums and take away your sleep and peace. So let's get started.

What is ceramic tiles and how to distinguish quality products from fakes?

glazed coating provides additional strength and durability to the tiles

This is a small-piece roofing material made from natural raw materials: clay, water and plasticizers. The production of ceramic tiles consists of three main stages: preparation of raw materials, molding of a shard and firing. Ceramic (pottery) clay - mixed until a homogeneous mass, to which plasticizers are added to facilitate molding.

Tiles are produced in two ways: stamping and tape. In the first case, tile tiles are pressed in special metal molds, in the second case, a strip is formed, which is subsequently cut into individual tile tiles. Further, the resulting semi-finished product is fired in a special furnace at t about 1000 ° C.

In order to obtain a truly high-quality ceramic tile, the characteristics of which will fully meet all the requirements and state standards, manufacturers strive to ensure a low porosity of the material. And for this, clays with a minimum content of impurities are used. To seal the top layer of tiled products, the following is applied to their surface:

• special clay - engobe, which partially melts during firing, forms a dense layer.
• glazed coating, which, when heated to 1000 ° C, forms a protective layer.

Quite often, unscrupulous manufacturers try to reduce the cost of the material by adding various dyes and other inclusions. An increased content of additives during firing can lead to the formation of pores and even cavities in the shards, which several times reduces the frost resistance and density of ceramic tiles. Even if the appearance and geometry of tiles imitating well-known brands are acceptable, no one guarantees the durability of such products.

We do not urge you to spend a million dollars on a roof of 300-400 square meters, buying the elite and most expensive brands of England and France. You can always find a compromise and buy certified products of the average cost of European and domestic factories that will provide a guarantee up to 50 years! These are ceramic tiles braas, creaton, abc, tondach, etc.

8 advantages that only ceramic tiles have

Choose shingles with a frost resistance of at least 400 cycles so that they do not collapse after the first winter.

• Phenomenal durability. Natural ceramic tiles are the only roofing material that fully complies with the strict criteria of capital construction. According to the Braunschweig Research Institute, its service life is over 100 years. Under the roof of your house your great-grandchildren will live with pride!
• 100% environmentally friendly. Made from natural raw materials, natural clay, and fired in kilns using natural gas ceramic tiles are 100% environmentally friendly, as well as its production. This provides complete security for environment and human health.
• Incredible attraction. Ceramic tile Braas, which imitates most roofing materials, is rightfully considered the standard of style and beauty. But one other material will not be able to repeat such a variety of shapes and a palette of shades of natural tiles. This is the only material that does not fade over the years and does not lose its attractiveness, but becomes even more beautiful.
• High practicality. A tiled roof is akin to a Lego constructor: strictly following the instructions, anyone can lay such a roofing. What can not be said about the installation of a seam or copper roof where you simply cannot do without professionals and specialized equipment and tools. Unlike other materials, ceramic tiles can be laid all year round in any weather and be re-mounted when the roof is completely disassembled.
• Unique fire safety. Clay fired at highest temperatures(at least 1080°С) turns into ceramics, so there is simply nothing to burn in it. Unlike flexible bituminous tile supporting combustion (class G4), ceramic tiles are non-combustible materials ( NG), which means you are guaranteed to be spared from the likelihood of a fire when a fire hits the roof.
• Minimum windage. A tiled roof is able to withstand a violent storm and not a single heavy tile will fly off. This was fully proved by the hurricane of 1998, when metal-tiled and rolled steel sheets flew off like feathers, while roofs made of natural tiles remained unchanged.
• Excellent heat and sound insulation. Possessing low thermal conductivity, checker ceramic tiles slowly heat up and cool down, so the interiors of the house are warm in winter and cool in summer heat. The noise of rain and the walking of birds on the roof will also not disturb your peace, which cannot be said about the metal coating.
• Excellent ventilation. Thanks to the wave and the castle roof tiles ceramic, the under-roof space is naturally ventilated, and, for example, soft roof in the course of service it “sinters” into a monolithic coating, which requires additional costs for the installation of special aerators.

A complete debunking of three popular ceramic tile rumors!

If you have chosen natural ceramics as a roofing material, doubts will surely not leave you, and rumors and opinions of friends are troubling your mind. What if the foundation and walls can not withstand the massive roof? And what if such a roof will cost you more than you expected and maybe you started all this mess in vain ... No need to panic, now we will clearly analyze all of the above points and you will look at the world with a fresh look.

Myth 1. Megaheavy.

90% of developers are sure that for a roof made of ceramic tiles, the mass of which is 60 kg/m2, you need a massive device roof structure. But practice has shown that the consumption of material for construction under ceramic tiles increases only by 5-10% compared to a light roof, since the main ones in the calculations are wind and snow loads. As for the load-bearing walls, if they are made of aerated concrete, brick, logs or timber, they have a large margin of safety, which means they do not need to be reinforced. You should not worry too much about the foundation either, because the share of the roof in the total design load is only 3% , and when high-rise building and even less.

Installation of ceramic tiles is simple and fast

Myth 2. Long and difficult to fit.

Despite the fact that the tile is a small-piece material, there is not a single material that would fit during roofing work and be removed during repairs so simply and quickly. Since the main costs go to the installation of rafters, battens, finishing of gables and cornices, no other roof has advantages in this regard. In addition, the installation of ceramic tiles to various roofing structures and adjoining structures is several times easier than that of large-sized materials.

Domestic practice has shown that thanks to the tiled "scales" it is possible to hide even such defects as non-parallelism and non-rectangularity of the sides of the slope, which were laid even when the basement was broken. Large-sized profiled material will not be able to hide such shortcomings, whatever one may say.

Myth 3. Economically not rational.

This statement is applicable only for those who decide to tile a barn in their country house with such tiles. If we talk about houses and cottages for year-round use, then it is simply impossible to come up with something better. The average cost of 1 m2 of ceramic tiles - from 1400 rubles, while metal tiles 450 , but shingles about 340 rub./m2. Yes, it's in 3-5 times cheaper, but such a roof will serve you several times less even with quality installation. Even copper in our harsh climate is destroyed by ruthless corrosion, not to mention budget materials. Hundreds of years of reliable service ceramic roofs in damp Germany and Foggy Albion - here are proven facts for you that do not require proof!

Remember that you have to pay for QUALITY, and pay a lot! At the same time, the invested funds will more than pay off for you with durability, lack of costs for regular repairs and maintenance. And if you add extraordinary beauty and respectability here, then the economic benefits are obvious.

Where can the material be used?

Tiled roofs are great for private cottage construction, office buildings and commercial establishments built from a wide variety of materials. I would like to point out that this the best solution for a wooden house: extra weight ceramic tile presses the structure wooden box, which reduces the amplitude of changes in the height of the walls of the house due to seasonal changes in temperature and humidity. The widest range of profiles and a variety of shades, additional elements and accessories allow you to perform the most complex configuration, give it a unique style and special charm.

Ceramic tiles, which you can buy in our company for 17% cheaper, are represented by the best domestic and world brands. Make a profitable investment in the future of your home, as well as order the installation of tiles in our company, and he will thank you with a unique comfort and luxurious view.

Thinking about such an important matter as the construction of the roof of a new house or repair existing roof people ask a lot of questions. And a significant part of them, as Euromet specialists note, is associated with the choice of roofing materials.

Each material has both its advantages and disadvantages. And among those questions that people most often ask about natural tiles, we have selected the five most important ones. All of them relate to characteristics that are usually presented as the disadvantages of natural tiles compared to newfangled high-tech materials.

We want to show that when using BRAAS ceramic and cement-sand tiles, these shortcomings are either absent altogether, or completely covered by the advantages of natural material.

Natural tiles - is it reliable?

Tiles made from natural ingredients (such as clay, cement and sand) are the oldest roofing material on earth. Ceramic tiles were used in ancient Egypt, and its samples have survived to this day. And already in ancient times, cement-sand tiles appeared - easier to manufacture, cheap and affordable. It was she who covered the roofs of houses in many cities of antiquity and the Middle Ages, including the huge Eternal City - ancient Rome.

Fired clay ceramic is one of the most durable materials. This can be evidenced by clay and porcelain vases and amphoras, household utensils and dishes, terracotta figurines and statues that have been preserved intact from the time ancient times. Archaeologists and historians find these objects throughout Eurasia, from the Mediterranean to China and Japan, as well as in Africa and America.

Even more fragments of ancient ceramics, various shards with and without images have been preserved. They can be used to evaluate, for example, how well ceramics retain their natural color or the color given to it.

The fact that over the long centuries ceramic objects can turn into sherds is to blame for almost the only drawback of these products - their fragility. But ceramic tiles are much more durable than porcelain vase. It withstands even very strong hail and is not afraid of large snow loads and gusts of wind.

The natural tile is the material checked by time.

Natural tiles - is it prestigious?

A house built from natural, natural materials always looks solid and prestigious. We often notice this when we compare, for example, houses made of timber, brick or natural stone with buildings that are sheathed with polymer cladding, siding or metal.

This also applies to roofing. Natural ceramic tiles are the most prestigious of roofing materials and an essential element of the European style. throughout Western and Eastern Europe it prevails in small towns, but is often found in metropolitan areas. And in some parts of Europe, it is legally prohibited to use any materials for roofing, except for natural tiles.

In Russia, you can freely choose roofing materials both for the construction of new buildings and for the repair of old ones (with the exception of those that have a special historical value). But a roof covered with ceramic tiles will stand out against the background of other roofs with its solidity and solidity.

BRAAS natural tiles offered by Euromet are stylish!

Natural tiles - is it beautiful?

Ceramic tiles have a very pleasant natural color and a characteristic surface shape, which not only contributes to the optimal distribution of loads from precipitation and wind, but also gives the roof an additional charm.

Cement-sand tiles cannot boast of an attractive natural color, alas. but modern technologies allow you to give both ceramic and cement-sand tiles a variety of color shades.

The range of available colors of BRAAS natural tiles is very wide, and you can easily choose the shade that best suits your home. The color of the tiles does not fade in the sun, is not afraid of ultraviolet radiation and does not deteriorate under the influence of moisture and temperature changes.

Natural tiles always look attractive!

Natural tiles - is it hard?

One of the common arguments against using natural tiles is the rather heavy weight of the material. But this characteristic can be considered not only as a disadvantage. For example, due to its mass, a roof made of natural tiles can withstand a hurricane that can easily sweep away any other coating.

In addition, the total weight of the roof is not only the roofing, but also the frame (beams, rafters, ceilings and other supporting structures). And when using ceramic or cement-sand tiles, the frame can be made lighter than, for example, under a soft roof.

In addition, to the mass of the roof, which provides an additional load on bearing walls and the foundation of the building, in our climatic conditions the permissible weight of snow that accumulates on the roof in winter should be added.

Estimated snow load on square meter foundation according to Russian building codes must be at least 163 kg and is the same for any type of roof.

Compared to other roofing materials, the weight of ceramic or cement-sand tiles really looks impressive:

• Natural tiles - 45 kg per sq.m.
• Soft roof - 8 kg per sq.m.
• Metal tile - 6 kg per sq.m.

But already a comparison of the required mass of the frame practically equalizes the BRAAS tile based on natural raw materials with any type of flexible tile:

• Natural tiles - 57 kg per sq.m.
• Soft roof - 72 kg per sq.m.
• Metal tile - 56 kg per sq.m.

And if you add up all three components of the weight load of the roof on the foundation, then the difference turns out to be quite small:

• Natural tiles - 265 kg per sq.m.
• Soft roof - 243 kg per sq.m.
• Metal tile - 225 kg per sq.m.

The weight of a roof with ceramic or cement-sand coating only 18% more than the lightest - metal tile. For the foundation, this is of no fundamental importance, since when designing it, a much more significant margin for weight loads is laid.

Natural tiles, according to Euromet specialists, are heavier, but also much more resistant to negative environmental influences.

Are natural tiles expensive?

If we take into account only the price of roofing material, then ceramic tiles really turn out to be 3-5 times more expensive, and cement-sand tiles are 2-3 times more expensive than other coatings.

However, when determining the cost of arranging the roof, it is necessary to take into account not only this price, but also the cost load-bearing structures roofs, insulation, ventilation and other necessary elements, as well as the cost of their installation and laying tiles.

And if we compare the total amount of expenses, then the difference in price is minimal.

You can compare the average cost of materials and installation per square meter of roofing when using different coatings:

• Ceramic tile BRAAS - 4933 rubles.
• Cement-sand tile BRAAS Amber - 3506 rubles.
• Flexible tile economy class - 3345 rubles.
• Flexible decorative tiles - 3525 rubles.
• Metal tile (polyester) - 2762 rubles.

Obviously, cement-sand tiles in terms of costs are in the same price range as soft tiles And composite materials. Ceramic tiles are somewhat out of this range - but this is a payment for prestige, durability and special beauty.

BRAAS natural tile - costs a little more, but looks much more expensive!

The concept of "natural tile" characterizes today both the classic ceramic tile (known to mankind since ancient times), and cement-sand, which appeared on the construction market only in mid-nineteenth century.

Natural ceramic tiles have the following advantages: durability, reliability, resistance to sudden changes in temperature, fire resistance, resistance to ultraviolet radiation.

Natural ceramic tiles

The history of its use goes back several millennia. Also in Ancient Greece, and later in ancient Rome, houses were covered with clay plates. And now, in the 21st century, ceramic tiles rightfully remain one of the most desirable roofing materials, combining natural beauty and unrivaled durability.

In addition, natural ceramic tiles are a kind of standard of architectural aesthetics. If you look at many modern roofing, many of them imitate ceramic tiles.

Lifetime ceramic roofing– more than 100 years, while its external decorative properties do not worsen at all, but only acquire a noble “patent of time”. Among other properties of ceramic tiles, its resistance to temperature extremes, solar radiation, and the aggressive environment of “acidic” precipitation are distinguished. In addition, being a piece of roofing material, ceramic tiles provide the necessary ventilation of under-roofing building structures, thereby extending the life of the entire roof of the building.

Roofing made of natural tiles absorbs very little moisture (no more than 5-6% of the weight of the tiles). Although it should be noted that this indicator is typical only for quality material having high density with low porosity. Moreover, the pore structure must be necessarily closed. After all, the more open pores, the greater the likelihood of moisture accumulation inside the tile material, and, consequently, its frost resistance is lower. The abundance of open pores also leads to a decrease in the strength characteristics of the material.

Ceramic tiles are fire resistant, not afraid of summer heat and winter cold. It has low thermal conductivity, and also absorbs extraneous sounds well.

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Production features

Since, in essence, ceramic tiles are clay that has been fired in a kiln, it natural color- red-brown. This shade is given by iron oxides present in clay. After some time, the tile plates darken a little and become covered with patina. To give the tiles a different color, engobing and glazing technologies are used.

For the Russian climate, the engobing method is considered the most suitable. Engobe is an aqueous solution of powdered clay and mineral additives that, when fired, give specific color. Engobe is applied to front side tile blanks, which are then fired in a kiln at a temperature of 1000 ºC. In its structure, both the coating and the base are the same clay. Therefore, with temperature fluctuations, they behave in the same way: synchronously narrow or expand, without forming cracks.

Installation of natural ceramic tiles: 1 - waterproofing, insulation, vapor barrier; 2 - counter-lattice; 3 - step crate; 4 - side tiles; 5 - ridge end element; 6 - decorative element; 7 - additional passage elements; 8 - ridge tile; 9 — ventilation tiles; 10 - roof window; 11 - half tiles; 12 - ordinary natural tiles; 13 - adjoining; 14 - overhang elements; 15 - drainage system.

You can change the color of ceramic tiles in another way - cover it with glaze. Glaze is a glassy substance that gives ceramics not only color (depending on the metal ions present in the melt), but also luster. Glazed tiles have a shiny and slippery surface, so after rains such a roof looks “like new”. In addition, the glaze almost completely closes all the pores of the ceramic, thereby protecting the coating material from moisture penetration.

Apart from different colors and surface structure, ceramic tiles can also have a variety of shapes. Today, manufacturers offer coatings that can be divided into three main types.

1. Flat tiles. The so-called "beaver tail". When laying such tiles, each tile in the top row overlaps the joint of 2 adjacent tiles laid in the bottom row.
2. Grooved tiles. The plates have a locking mount, with which they are connected. At the same time, the laying of natural tiles of this type is carried out in one layer.
3. Grooved tile. So to say - a classic of the genre. In the Middle Ages, it was widely used on the roofs of monasteries, which is why it got its other name: “monk-nun” or “monastic”. The tile from the bottom row is laid with the concave side up, and the next, upper row is laid with the concave side at the junction of the lower tiles.

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Installation of natural tiles

Installation of natural tiles. A tiled roof can be classified as a building structure that meets the “set and forget” principle. Such a roof operates independently, requiring almost no intervention from its owners.

But this is possible only with strict observance of all the recommendations of the manufacturer and the current SNiPs. First, there are certain requirements for the truss system. Secondly, when installing a roof with a complex configuration, you will need enough a large number of accessories and accessories. And thirdly, such tiles do not "tolerate" amateur roofers.

Optimal for ceramic tiles are roofs with slopes of slopes of 22 ÷ 50º. Although the installation technology of natural tiles (tonda, braas, etc.) allows laying at almost any slope - from 10º to 90º.

With a slope of 10º to 20º, the installation instructions for natural tiles recommend that an additional waterproofing layer be provided in the roofing cake, and with a slope of more than 50º, fix the tiles with self-tapping screws or special clamps.

Rafter system. There is an opinion that a tiled roof requires a powerful truss system. This is partly true, because specific gravity ceramic coating is 40-60 kg/m 2 . But the own weight of the tile coating is incomparable with the loads from the same snow that the roof can withstand in winter.

Therefore, the calculated characteristics of the rafter system for tiles are only 20-30% more than for traditional metal (and even more so slate) roofs. Moreover, it is not at all necessary to increase the cross section of the rafters - it is enough just to arrange them with a smaller step.

Crate. The quality of laying the entire coating depends on the exact device of the crate. As a rule, the step size is recommended by the manufacturer and depends on the type of tile chosen. The main thing is to try to place a whole number of rows on the slope. Some types of tiles, due to the special design of the horizontal lock, allow a slight vertical displacement of adjacent tiles (no more than 25 mm), which is especially important in the reconstruction of buildings where the slope length cannot be changed.

For the device of the crate is most often used wooden beam with a section of 40x40 or 50x50 mm. The lower row of the crate is made of edged boards of appropriate thickness and width of 100-150 mm. The design of the bottom row of the crate depends on the gutter system used and can be either sparse or solid.

Checking the quality of tiling work is quite simple. You just need to look along the diagonals of the longest slope - tile tiles should line up in one straight line.

Complementary elements. In addition to the tiles themselves, tiled roofing includes a number of additional elements and accessories. Yes, natural shingles Braas(Braas) has several dozen such elements. This and elements roof ventilation, external and internal connections, clamps and special fastenings for the ridge and snow guards.

In addition to these functions, additional elements and accessories allow antenna cables to be passed through the structure of a tiled roof, mounted in its plane skylights or technical hatches, beautifully arrange drainage system, protecting it from clogging with foliage of nearby trees.

Non-ceramic additional elements and accessories are made only from high quality construction materials capable of providing the same performance characteristics as those of the ceramic tile itself. For this, mainly aluminum, copper or lead alloys are used.