The device of low tides under the roof with bituminous tiles. Roofing roof cake under a soft tile. Installation of ventilation, sewer and antenna outlets on the finished roof

Flexible bituminous tiles are quite popular. This is due to its unique operational characteristics. Among well-known manufacturers distinguish firms "Tegola", "Siplast" and "Shinglas". The bituminous tile is applied practically in any climatic conditions.

Instruments

Sheets or boards are laid parallel to the ridge and joined on the rafter board. At the same time, they make sure that several joints of sheathing sheets of adjacent rows do not work out on one board.

Preparatory work

At the end of the preparation of the base, a special lining carpet is placed on it with the sand side up. It can be purchased at the place of purchase of tiles. It simultaneously performs two functions: it levels the surface and gives it waterproofing properties. In addition, bituminous tiles, when using a lining layer, get better adhesion to the surface. It is nailed in increments of 20 cm.

Slopes with an angle of inclination up to 30 degrees are completely covered with roofing paper in several layers. In the second case, only overlap with a margin of 150 and 80 mm vertically and horizontally, respectively. The design of the ridge is carried out using a special ridge-cornice tile. It is divided into three parts by perforation and alternately nailed on both sides at the junction of the slopes. Before the procedure, remove the protective film from the material.

Laying shingles: rules and features

When calculating the required amount of material, it is important to take into account certain nuances. For example, it is designed for roofing coverings, the angle of inclination of which is in the range of 15-85 degrees. The instructions say 45 degrees. Deviation from this indicator leads to an increase or decrease in the amount of consumed tiles. For example, than fewer topics more material is needed.

To achieve a high-quality result is possible only if the basic rules are observed:

• the material is stored in closed packages indoors;
• the lining carpet is saved in a vertical position;
• manufacturers recommend installing bituminous tiles at a temperature of at least 5 degrees;
• before laying the material in the cold season, it is first placed in a heated room (at least 24 hours).

Soft tiles are laid without using a burner. It is used for bituminous welded roofing. With inside The protective film is removed from the material, after which it is laid on the prepared coating. When the outside temperature is high enough, the adhesive surface of the shingles adheres tightly to the substrate without assistance. In cold weather, a hot air gun is used for a similar effect. Additionally, the material can be strengthened with the help of special glue.

Bituminous tiles in different packages may have a different shade. Therefore, it is recommended to use a separate package for each slope. In the case when the area of ​​​​the slope is large enough, several packages are used. The elements of the material are mixed, so that the shades are distributed evenly throughout the coating.

It is important to remember that when high temperatures tiles become soft and easy to mechanical influences(may deform). Therefore, in such conditions, work on the roof is moved using ladders or other devices.

Fastener material

Each individual tile element must be fixed separately. To do this, use screw or ruffed nails, as well as staples. The latter are used in the case when bituminous tiles are attached to the base without a lining layer.

Nails must be made of metal, pre-treated with anti-corrosion agents. 4 nails are driven into individual shingles at a distance of 2.5 cm from the sides and 14.5 mm from the bottom line of the tile.

Nails are driven in until their heads are at the same level as the shingles. If they protrude, the material laid above may be damaged, and if they are pressed in, moisture will accumulate in the recess formed, and the fasteners will collapse over time.

The intended purpose of bituminous glue is additional strengthening of material elements in difficult places: adjoining tiles to walls, on a ridge, in valleys. Also it is used at low temperature environment. Canned glue is smeared with the help of a special gun and squeezed out of the cylinders. If the temperature outside is low, then the bituminous glue is preheated (it hardens already at 10 degrees Celsius). The glued sheets are pressed with force to the base.

Gaunts

The first stage is fixing on the lining layer of the eaves and with the help of nails or screws. Nails are driven in in a checkerboard pattern along the entire length of the plank in increments of 10 cm.

After that, the shingle for the cornices is laid on top of the mounted plank. The installation of bituminous tiles in this case depends on its type. Some manufacturers recommend leaving a margin of 1 cm between the bottom edge of the shingle and the eaves. In other cases, an overhang of 1-1.5 cm of tiles is performed above the eaves. Often, manufacturers do not provide special cornice shingles. In this case, you should cut off the usual ones and lay out the first line of material on the cornice, gluing them end-to-end.

Installation of the material is carried out from the eaves. The shingles are laid from the midline of the slope on the sides (left and right). The second row is laid so that the interval between the lower edges of the cornice row and the second line is 1-2 cm. This will create a visually straight line when viewed from the ground.

If the house, the roof of which will be covered with shingles, is located in an area that is characterized by strong wind, then the spacing between shingles decreases. This will make the coverage more reliable.

How to achieve a beautiful roof?

Knowledge of the intricacies of the material and practical experience is what bituminous tiles require. With your own hands you can organize an attractive design of the roof, but for this it is important to understand it design features. For example, when avoiding protruding roof elements, the distance between adjacent shingles should be a multiple of 1 m. This is done so that subsequent courses can be installed correctly.

Before proceeding with the laying of the material, a slope is drawn along the lining layer (litter) using ordinary chalk, its middle line is indicated. In addition, marks are made for every 4 rows of tiles. In the event that a chimney or other structural element, vertical lines are drawn from them. At observance of technology the roof from a bituminous tile will receive an esthetic and attractive look.

Ventilation

For the free exit of air from under the roof, holes are made in it, the diameter of which corresponds to the installed aerators. They are fixed with nails or glue. After that, tiles are laid on top of their aprons, the ends of which are cut out.

Skates and valleys

On the ridge, the shingles are cut along its line. After a ventilation gap has been made in the ridge, the upper edge of the roof is covered with ordinary or cornice shingles. It is important to remember that bending the shingle without warming it up can lead to the formation of cracks on it. The joints of the ridge coating with the roof are covered, that is, they are waterproofed.

It is also important to remember the need to waterproof the valleys: each shingle that falls on the gutter is cut and secured to the other side of the gutter with nails or glue.

A connection made in violation of the installation instructions led to a roof leak
"KROVMASTER"
Competently executed connection to the pipe using metal strips

In the bath in question, the roof is made of bituminous (soft) shingles ICOPAL(Finland). When laying the material, the builders paid special attention to the most “weak” places, where the roof can leak during installation errors. These are junctions to the pipe, penetrations, cornice overhangs.

One of the most complex nodes is the adjunction of roofing material to a pipe, wall, parapet, etc. The adjoining node consists of two elements-slats that are not interconnected. They are made of galvanized sheet (often with colored polymer coated: polyester, pural, plastisol). The first one (adjacency bar) is fixed to the roof base (plywood, OSB) under the roofing carpet. The second (drip) - to a brick or concrete wall above the roofing material. It is placed in a shtraba and sealed with bituminous mastic or weather-resistant silicone sealant. This method of mounting the junction avoids the rupture of the roofing caused by movements in the truss system of the pipe or wall.

The thickness of the layer and the amount of adhesive must exactly comply with the requirements of the instructions. The principle "more glue - a stronger roof" can turn into the opposite result: with an excess of bituminous mastic, excessive softening and spreading of bitumen is possible. Almost every manufacturer of shingles has developed its own sealing compounds: Shingle Stick, Plastal, Plastal Stick from IKO (Canada), K-36 from KATEPAL (Finland), Bitustik from TEGOLA (Italy), Evrika, Rebaks- M" and "Fixer" from "TECHNONICOL" (Russia), etc.

Roof overhangs are protected by metal eaves and end strips over the underlayment. Metal strips are laid with an overlap of 5 cm and fastened roofing nails in increments of 10-12 cm, in places of overlap - 3 cm. In the absence of a plank on the cornice overhang, water will flow under the roof, which will lead to rotting of the starting board.

To seal the place of passage through the roof of the antenna, the outlet of the fan riser, flagpole, etc., special passage elements are used (the widest range of this type of product under the Vilpe trademark was developed by the Finnish company SK-TUOTE OY). For pipes with a diameter of up to 160 mm, located on a roof made of bituminous tiles, Huopa-Felt pass-through elements are intended (installed at the stage of roof installation under a layer of finishing material) and Classic (attached over the roofing to the finished structure). Seals for sealing roof penetrations, made of weather and ozone resistant EPDM rubber, have a cone shape. Before installation, they are cut to desired diameter. A galvanized clamp is placed on top. Elastic seal allows natural movement of antenna, pipe, etc.

The design of the roof of the bath, which we are talking about in our story, does not imply the presence of a valley (a groove formed by the intersection of the roof slopes), which greatly simplified installation. After the junctions, the valley is the second most difficult roof node. To seal the valleys in roofs made of soft tiles, a lining carpet made of modified bitumen 3 mm thick, 100 cm wide and up to 10 m long is used, which is placed in the center of the valley. It is fixed along the edges with roofing nails with an enlarged hat. They should be nailed so that the hat is flush with the lining layer, and does not crash into it. After installation of the lining carpet, they start laying bituminous tiles on the valley. It can be done in three ways: open, braided or closed.

For valley installation open way use a special rolled material for valleys (valley carpet) made of modified bitumen. It has on top a stone sprinkle of the same color as the main tile chosen for the roof. After laying the valley carpet, the tiles that overlap it are cut off along two lines drawn with chalk. They are led from the ridge to the eaves, departing from the axis of the valley in each direction by 15 cm. You should also cut off a 5-centimeter triangle from the upper corner of the tile sheet to direct water into the valley. Then, a 5 cm strip of special bituminous sealant is applied to the edge of each tile sheet and the tiles are nailed at a distance of 5 cm from the lines drawn in chalk.

Very beautiful (if the installation is done correctly) looks like a valley made by weaving. Tiles are installed over the intersection of the roof slopes. The last tile sheet is driven at least 30 cm to the opposite roof plane and additionally fixed with a nail in the upper corner. Before fastening with nails, the tiles are pressed tightly against the valley. The material should be nailed at a distance of at least 15 cm from the center line of the valley. This method of mounting the valley is the most difficult, since it is necessary to take into account the difference in the slopes of the slopes.

The closed valley method (with undercutting) is suitable for roofs with an inclination of more than 23°. The first row must be interlaced (go 25 cm or more onto the plane of the adjacent slope). At the edge of each sheet of tiles crossing the valley, an additional nail is driven in. After installing the roofing material, a line is applied with chalk at a distance of 5 cm from the center line of the valley on a covered slope. Next, tiles are nailed to the second slope of the roof, cut off along the chalk markings and a 5-centimeter triangle is removed from the upper corner of the tile sheet to direct water into the valley. The installation is completed by gluing the edge of each tile sheet adjacent to the valley, bituminous sealant.

Another zone of possible roof leaks is located at the installation site of the roof window. To ensure the waterproofness of the roofing, a salary is used - a system of special gutters located around the perimeter of the window. The flashing is a drainage device that prevents rainwater and snow from entering the junction of the frame and the roof.

Problem areas when installing a roof:

1. Connection to the chimney
2. Valley
3. Place of installation of the roof window
4. Ventilation outlet
5. Skate
6. Bevel
7. Eaves overhang

The editors would like to thank KROVMASTER for their help in preparing the material.

Bitumen roofing is deservedly popular in most countries of the world, Russia is no exception. The buyer has a wide choice: products of large domestic manufacturers: Ruflex and TechnoNIKOL, roofing from a number of European, North American and South Korean companies. AT last years and Chinese manufacturers are showing an active interest in promoting their products to the Russian market.

The bituminous tile represents soft multilayered plates 3-5 mm thick. The basis is fiberglass (in cheap versions, the base is cellulose), impregnated with a polymer-bitumen composition containing a mineral filler. The upper (outer) part of the tile is covered with colored stone chips(basalt or slate), it serves as protection and determines appearance tiles. The lower surface is partially covered with an adhesive layer and protected by a film. In some embodiments, the lower part is sprinkled with fine silicon sand, the glue is partially applied on top.

Sheets of tiles from different manufacturers may have different sizes, but the length of the plates, as a rule, is one meter. Width - 30-35 cm. At the same time, half of the plate is closed by the overlying one, providing a double overlap of the material. The shape and colors of bituminous tiles can be very diverse. Often they imitate natural traditional coatings: wooden shingles, slate stone roofing.

The Russian tile "Shinglas" has this form. Meter length is typical for almost all European manufacturers

In the “table of ranks”, among other roofing materials, flexible bituminous tiles can be attributed to the middle price category. Depending on the quality in the domestic market, tiles cost between 200-500 rubles per m 2. At a moderate price, the material has quite attractive characteristics:

Bituminous tiles quite successfully imitate natural shingles, decorating this wooden frame. In the upper part of the roof (pictured at the top left) there is a ventilated ridge

• The service life of high-quality shingles is quite long - at least half a century. At the same time, the roof can be operated in the northern Russian regions. The maximum guarantee is given by the manufacturer "Ruflex" from Nizhny Novgorod, all Finnish products are good. On the other hand, when buying cheap products made in Canada, the USA and China (at home, such a roof is sold from 3 USD), you should not expect the same durability from them.
• Since the dimensions of the tiles are small (one row in height), cut the material even on roofs complex shape practically wasteless. When using molded additional elements (skates, valleys), trimming is also absent.

Flexible tiles are economical in terms of cutting for any shape of the roof

• Flexible tiles are quite easy to install. You do not need to have a complex tool and be highly qualified. It is enough to know the elementary basics of carpentry, follow the manufacturer's recommendations and be careful.
• The bitumen-polymer reinforced material creates a continuous hermetic roof covering on the roof. Unlike sheet materials, there are no gaps. Highest value it has a valley (groove) in the zone, where, in the presence of leaks, snow and ice can penetrate and gradually destroy this knot. Bituminous tiles are not threatened. The tightness of the flexible roof requires mandatory ventilation of the under-roof space.
• Bitumen shingles, being a flexible material, allows you to arrange roofing on roofs of rather complex shapes and curved surfaces.

Bituminous shingles are great for fairly complex roofs. Use of plates different shapes in one roof (right) allows you to create an interesting pattern

• Flexible tiles are flexible and can withstand slight deformations of the base without compromising the integrity of the surface.
• Bituminous shingles do not form condensation, dampen rain noise in the best way and are non-conductive (in most cases there is no need for lightning protection). The surface, sprinkled with stone chips, is completely non-slip. You can safely walk on the roof, there is no need for snow retainers.
• The flexible roof has a low weight - 7-9 kg, which saves on the cross-section of the elements of the truss system. On the other hand, quite high requirements: it must be strong, solid and even.
• Bituminous roofing is quite attractive, a wide variety of shades and configurations of tiles allows you to diversify the architectural solutions of houses with pitched roofs.

Foundation preparation

For styling shingles a solid foundation is laid. You can use sheet materials: OSB, moisture resistant plywood. A good option is a solid flooring of even calibrated edged (not tongue-and-groove) boards, between which gaps of about 4 mm should be left. It is imperative to leave gaps, otherwise, when the humidity rises, the wood may swell, the flooring will “rise”. It is also necessary to leave a gap of 3 mm between sheet materials. The best way fasteners - with the help of self-tapping screws, you can use ruffed nails.

Thus, it is necessary to fasten sheet materials. The long side should be parallel to the cornice overhang, and the sheets must necessarily go apart. If boards are used, their joints must also be distributed over different rafters.

OSB and plywood should have a minimum thickness corresponding to the pitch of the rafters:

• With a step of 60 cm, the thickness of the sheet material should be 12 mm, boards 20 mm.
• Step 75 cm - plywood or OSB 15 mm, board 22 mm.
• Step 90 cm - plywood or OSB 18 mm, board 25 mm.
• Step 120 cm - 22 mm and 30 mm, respectively.
• Pitch 150 mm - 28 mm sheet and 40 mm board.

The given figures are valid for the Moscow region, with large snow loads, the thickness of the base material will have to be increased.

Solid flooring in this case is made of moisture-resistant oriented strand board OSB (OSB). They are located across the slope and apart.

It will be better if the pitch of the rafters does not exceed a meter. If sheet materials are used, the step of the rafters should be made a multiple of the size. This is 62.5 cm for OSB with a sheet size of 250 cm and 75 cm for plywood with a size of 150 cm, options are possible. With a large distance between the rafters, you will either have to increase the thickness of the materials of the crate (this is not cheap), or mount an additional carrier crate from below.

Roof design option. In this case, a counter-rail and an additional crate are located on top of the rafters, carrying the base for tiles made of OSB sheets.

It is recommended that the rafter system and materials for the base device be pre-treated with a fire-retardant composition.

Ventilation device

The bituminous tile - tight, not blown and airtight roofing material. Therefore, the installation of a roof made of bituminous tiles provides for the mandatory organization of ventilation of the under-roof space. If the attic is ventilated, it is enough to make ventilation holes in the gables. With a combined roof, a counter-rail 35-40 mm thick is attached to the rafters, and the crate is mounted on it. Air channels are formed between the individual core rails. At the bottom, air enters the filing, at the top it exits through special devices: a ventilated ridge or aerators. Between the rafter and the counter rail is optional, but it is desirable to lay waterproofing membrane Well, it costs a little.

Under-roof space ventilation schemes. For an uncomplicated roof, the most efficient and inexpensive option- ridge aerator

Subtleties of mounting technology

The technology for installing bituminous tiles for different brands is approximately the same, but there are minor differences. The recommendations given are valid for most products. However, after purchasing the material, it is necessary to obtain from the seller the installation instructions for this particular brand of tile and follow it exactly:

• The storm system can be hung on two types of hooks. The first is attached to the skin and does not affect the roof in any way. The second is mounted on the edge of the roof and must be fixed first. It is necessary to calculate the required slopes and place the hooks at the required marks. If necessary, drown them in the base material.

The hooks of the drainage system of option A (left) are fixed before the start roofing works

• The lining layer is made of rolled bitumen or bitumen-polymer material. Many manufacturers offer several options. With small slopes of the roof (on average it is 10-18 °), the entire roof area is covered with lining material. The rolls are overlapped (at least 8 cm on the long side and 15 cm on the short side), the joints are smeared with bituminous mastic. Fasten the lining material with galvanized roofing nails in 20 cm increments.

The scheme of continuous laying of the lining carpet. When laying horizontally, they start from the bottom, the nails are placed along the edge of the canvas in increments of 20 cm

Additional strips of lining material are glued to the valleys and inclined ribs before the general pasting device.

Valleys and ribs must have an additional lining layer: it is mounted at the very beginning

For slopes greater than 18°, a continuous underlay is not required. It is enough to roll the rolls along the contour of the roof (40 cm or more from the edge), in places of fractures (ribs, valleys) and junctions. However, if the "lining" is solid and with a greater slope, it will definitely not be worse.

• Along the gables and cornices, metal cornice strips are mounted on top of the lining layer, from above they will be covered with tiles. Planks should overlap at the junction, the spacing of roofing nails should not exceed 12 cm.

The overlap of the cornice strip is approximately 5 cm, the nails must be placed apart in a checkerboard pattern

If there is a gable (possibly beveled) on the roof of a complex shape, on which it is necessary to organize the flow of water, preventing it from flowing out, it is necessary to form a small ledge under the cornice strip.

• The next step is to glue and nail the valley carpet.
• Now you can proceed to the installation of the cornice strip. It is glued and fastened with nails along the entire lower overhang.

• To carefully stick the main roof, the roof surface will have to be marked. Chalk is most commonly used. Mark the upper edges of the plates with the pitch indicated in the instructions for the purchased tile.

Valley node. It can be seen that there is a lining layer below, a valley strip on top, a cornice strip is glued onto it and, finally, the main roof. Valleys, all fractures and contours are glued with mastic

• We proceed to laying ordinary strips of shingles. The first step is to mix the tiles. The fact is that it can have a different shade in different packages, this is allowed by all manufacturers. In order not to see the difference in color, the tiles must be alternately taken from different packs. Moreover, the packages are selected arbitrarily, and not in order.

The tiles are laid from the bottom up. The slope of the roof in this case is higher than 18°, there is no need for a continuous lining

We start the first row from the bottom, retreating 1-2 cm from the edge. We're filming. As a rule, it is from below and above, on the adhesive layer.

It is better to start installation from the middle, closing the joint of the cornice strip. We step back a little from the edge. Before installation, the protective film is removed where necessary, otherwise the plates will not stick together.

For fixing, galvanized nails with a thin wide hat are used. They are clogged in such a way that the caps are completely covered by the overlying sheets. Fastener location for various types tiles are different.

Do not forget to glue the metal strips and all edges of the roof planes with mastic

• Particular attention should be paid to the design of the valley. There are two options: open and braided. With an open gutter, ordinary tiles are not brought to a fracture of the valley by 7-8 cm on each side. Attention ! Some "masters" prefer to cut the tiles right on the valley, already pasted. Under no circumstances should this be done. Together with the top layer, the knife will also damage the valley carpet. This seemingly slight negligence is the cause of the lion's share of leaking roofs.

"Open" valley node. Don't forget to apply glue. In order not to damage the underlying layers, tiles should not be cut on the roof, but on an OSB sheet or board before installation.

A braided gutter is more reliable than an open one. At first glance, its device is more complicated, because the stripes need to be braided alternately, like pigtails. But experienced experts say that with the right approach, this option is easier, since you need to mark and cut less.

The braided valley is laid like a braid: the plates alternately pass through the groove. The overlap on the opposite slope should not be less than 30 cm, and the nails should not be located closer than 15 cm from the fracture of the valley

• The ridge crowns the roof. In most models, this is a strip divided by perforation into separate elements. The details of the ridge are separated, bent in half, the protective film is removed from the bottom of the adhesive layer and fastened with four nails so that they are hidden under the next sheet. Overlap - 5 cm.

Horizontal ridge and slanted rib hip roof issued in the same way

• The junctions of chimneys and vertical walls are pre-pasted with a special carpet (often lining). The carpet is brought up to 30 cm on the roof, 20 cm overlap. It is recommended to install a metal apron on top.

The metal apron is fixed with dowels, the joint with the pipe is sealed with silicone sealant

• Typical elements of the passage through the roof (ventilation, antennas) have a special design and complete seals.

Passage seals are fixed with nails, ordinary tiles are glued on top

• Don't forget to make ventilation outlets. most inexpensive and effective option- ventilated skate. You can use standard aerators.

The design of the ridge aerator. You can use ready-made, plastic. It is easy to install, but it will cost more.

So, now we see that the installation of a bituminous tile roof is a relatively simple task, however, it requires accuracy and careful observance of the manufacturer's instructions, which you need to have at hand during work. Of the tools you will need: a hammer, a tape measure, a marking cord, metal scissors, a sharp shoe knife. A cordless screwdriver will facilitate the work and allow the use of screws at the stage of preparing the base. You also need to keep in mind how to mark the roof: chalk for bitumen, pencil for wood.

Roofshield soft tiles fit perfectly on non-standard roofs, including domes and other rounded structures.

Flexible tiles from this manufacturer are used for roofs with a slope of at least 12 °. With a slope of up to 18 °, first of all, a waterproofing layer is laid over the entire surface. If the slope is more than 18°, waterproofing is needed only in places where the tiles fit into the openings in the roof (chimneys, ventilation shafts), on cornices and gables, at junctions with walls.

Mounting soft roof it is recommended to carry out at positive temperature. However, laying is also possible at temperatures down to -15 °, if there is no precipitation. The installation process is best entrusted to specialists, in order to avoid defects during installation, and as a result, expensive repairs.

When designing a roof with a soft roof and during its direct installation, SNiP and safety regulations should be followed.

Roofshield roofing system

The base for a roof made of soft tiles may consist of:

• Tongue-and-groove boards (grades 2 and above, humidity not higher than 20%);
• Moisture resistant plywood (humidity - up to 12%);
• Oriented strand boards (moisture content not more than 12%).

The material for the supporting structure of the roof must comply with GOSTs: 8486-86* “Softwood lumber. Specifications” and 24454-80* “Sawn softwood. Dimensions”.

Roofing carpet consists of:

• Flexible tile Roofshield, brands: Elite (Elite); Premium (Premium); Classic (Classic); Family (Family). And also having various forms of cuts: “Standart” (“Standard”), “Gothik” (“Gothic”), “Modern” (“Modern”) and “American” (“American”) (TU 5774-009-00287912 -2012);
• Ridge-cornice tiles “Hip&Ridge” (“Konyok/Eaves” and “Konyok/Eaves Standard”);
• Valley layer – “RoofShield valley carpet” (TU 5774-010-00287912-2012);
• Lining layer - "Neoizol OS" (TU 5774-011-00287912-2012);
• Adhesive mastic "Fix" (TU 5775-012-00287912-2012).

RoofShield flexible tiles are produced in the form of sheets of a certain shape, each collection is presented in different color options. Its basis, according to Stroymet specialists, is fiberglass coated on both sides with improved or modified bitumen of the highest quality. The top layer of colored stone granules protects the material from external influences and gives it color. On the underside, the flexible tile has a self-adhesive layer of high-quality modified bitumen. The self-adhesive surface is covered with a protective silicone film, which is removed immediately before the tiles are installed.

Dimensions, weight and consumption of materials are shown in the table

RoofShield shingle collections have sheets of the following shapes:

• standard- classical form in the form of hexagonal rhombuses.
• Gothik - semi-circular shape of the petals.
• Modern - petals - rectangles of different sizes.
• American - rectangular petals of the same size.

Ridge and cornice tiles has the same structure as ordinary tiles, but differs in the shape of the cut (see figure below). Self-adhesive frost-resistant layer covers at least 70% of the bottom surface of the sheet.

RoofShield valley carpet it is used as an additional layer in the most vulnerable places of the roof: in valleys, at the joints of the roof with walls, pipes and other structures. It is a bitumen-polymer material, produced in rolls.

Lining material Neoizol OS used as an additional waterproofing layer, laid over the entire area of ​​the roof. It is a self-adhesive bitumen-polymer material, produced in rolls.

The main characteristics of the materials are given in the table.

Components and roofing accessories:

• Cornice strip (drip) - used to drain water from the roof, installed on the cornice overhangs.
• The gable bar (end) also performs the function of draining water from the roof, it is installed on the gable overhangs.
• Adjacency bar - used to protect the vertical ends of the roof and fix the rolled material.
• Roofing nails - are used to fasten sheets of tiles to the base. Galvanized nails with a head diameter of at least 8 mm are used. The consumption of nails is 70-100 g/m 2 .
• Roof elements, flanges (Fig. 2.3) - provide passage through the roof of pipes of various diameters.
• Fans and deflectors of the under-roof space (Fig. 2.4 and 2.5) - for effective ventilation of roof structures.
• Cuffs and seals (Fig. 2.6) - are used in places where antennas, insulated chimneys, etc. pass through the roof.

To drain water from the roof, a drainage system is used (includes gutters, pipes, funnels, elbows, connectors, brackets and other elements).

Figure 2.3. Roof elements for the passage of pipes a) and b) with a diameter of 110 ... 160 mm c) and d) with a diameter of 160 ... 250 mm

Figure 2.4. Roof channel fans

Figure 2.5. Under-roof space deflectors a) ridge; b) pitched

Figure 2.6. Cuffs and seals for antennas (a), cuffs and seals for pipes (b)

Vapor barrier materials

The vapor barrier layer serves to protect the insulation and roof structures from the penetration of moisture from the premises. The requirements for vapor barrier are set out in SP 20.13330.2011 SNiP 2.01.07-85* "Loads and impacts".

The vapor barrier material is laid on the roof in longitudinal or transverse rows, it depends on the roof structure. The width of the overlaps of the vapor barrier sheets should be 10-15 cm. The seams are sealed with mounting tape. Along the edges (along the inner contour) vapor barrier material fasten with wooden planks or self-adhesive tape.

Above residential premises and attics with high humidity, a gap of 2-5 cm is left between the vapor barrier and the interior finishing material.

Thermal insulation materials

For thermal insulation, the following types of heaters can be used:

• mineral wool boards;
• expanded polystyrene (polystyrene);
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• fiberglass boards;
• a combination of different heaters.

When constructing roofs, it is recommended to use mineral wool boards with a density of 30-140 kg/m 3 as a heat-insulating material. It is a non-combustible material that practically does not compress and has a low thermal conductivity. In the company Stroymet you can buy mineral wool rockwool insulation, Paroc, etc.

The thickness of the thermal insulation layer depends on the temperature and humidity conditions in the premises and on the region where the building is located. Required thickness thermal insulation is calculated according to the instructions of SP 50.13330.2010 SNiP 23-02-2003.

Windproof materials

On pitched roofs, the insulation from the side of the ventilation gap is protected by a wind-moisture protective vapor-permeable (diffusion) film. This material is made from PVP (polyethylene high density) and has a target coating - a mesh of fiberglass or geotextile (non-woven polypropylene).

The table shows indicators characterizing physical and mechanical properties diffusion films.

Elements of ventilation of the roof, rooms and sewerage

Roof ventilation over a cold attic with the help of dormer windows located on opposite slopes has become widespread. However, this method is not effective enough, since stagnant air zones are formed (Fig. 2.7, a). More effective is ventilation through slots (air vents) in opposite longitudinal walls (Fig. 2.7, b).

Ventilation of insulated roofs is carried out through supply eaves, ventilation ducts and ridge (Fig. 2.7, c) or ridge vents, aerators (Fig. 2.7, d).

With forced ventilation, air is removed from the premises by means of a fan through pipes that pass through the roof. Roof fans are of different power, they are installed on buildings for various purposes.

Roof outlets of sewer risers are insulated or non-insulated. The arrangement of insulated exits is justified in regions with frosty winters. Insulation helps prevent deterioration of ventilation due to condensate freezing on the pipe walls.

Figure 2.7. Attic ventilation a) through dormer windows and a window in a plucked wall; b) through air vents in the longitudinal walls, dormer windows and a window in a plucked wall.
Roof ventilation c) through cornice holes, ventilation duct and ridge air vents; d) through cornice holes, a ventilation duct and a ridge vent or aerator.
1 – attic floor; 2 - wall; 3 - roof; 4 - skylight; 5 - a window in the gable wall; 6 - stagnant air zones; 7 - eaves cracks; 8 - thermal insulation of the roof; 8a - thermal insulation of the attic; 9 - ridge air; 10 - rafter; 11 - ridge air; 12 - ridge aerator.

Elements of an external drain

To drain water from the roof, various drainage systems are used: plastic, copper, galvanized steel. The drainage system includes the following elements: gutters, pipes, funnels, plugs, elbows, brackets and others. It is recommended that water be drained into the water intake collector through the transitional element of the water collector. downpipe should go into it to a depth of no more than 10 cm. When water is discharged onto the blind area, drain tips are used. To collect water in barrels, outlets in the form of a tray are used.

Soft roofing is a term that combines a range of flexible roofing materials with excellent consumer qualities. Its piece and roll varieties flawlessly protect the house from atmospheric "misfortunes" and effectively decorate the exterior. They weigh little, do not require effort in cutting and fastening. Among the pluses, the ability to lay the coating with one's own hand appears solidly.

For an ideal result, it is not necessary to have the skills of a roofer. You need skill, patience, a tool and information about how the technology of laying a soft roof differs from other methods and how to properly arrange a roof.

Materials from the group of soft roofing are modified versions of the good old roofing material. New developments borrowed from their predecessor the flexibility and lightness that rightfully top the list of advantages. Kept steadfast water repellency, thanks to which the wooden base and truss system last longer. The composition has improved, due to which the terms of the impeccable work of materials have increased threefold.

With a focus on the laying method, the class of soft roofing is divided into three types:

• Roll materials, supplied in the format corresponding to the name. These include bituminous descendants of roofing material and new representatives, such as polymer membranes. Roll coverings stacked in stripes. Bituminous materials fastened by fusing, polymer - by partial or complete gluing. With their help, they mainly equip flat and sloping roofs with slopes up to 3º, up to 9º is acceptable. Rolls are in demand mostly in industrial construction;
• Roofing mastics supplied ready-made or cold to be heated. They are sprayed or applied in a thick layer on flat roofs, resulting in a monolithic coating without seams. Reinforcing mesh is used for reinforcement. The scope of application is limited to flat roofs.
• bituminous tiles supplied in flexible shingles. In fact, this is an improved roofing material, cut into relatively small sheets. The edge of the shingles is decorated with figured petals to imitate a ceramic prototype. The back side is equipped with an adhesive strip for attaching to wooden base. Glue piece by piece. Additionally, roofing nails or self-tapping screws are hammered into each shingle. From the heating of the bituminous roof sunbeams there is a sintering of tiles and their transformation into a continuous roofing shell.

In private low-rise construction, a piece variety is actively in demand, because. flat and low pitched roofs over one- or two-story residential buildings very rarely built. "Flat" fate domestic buildings, however, not every owner decides to buy membranes and mastics for the roof of a barn. So, we will pay attention to the installation of the most popular shingles.

Step by step installation of shingles

piece flexible material cover roofs with any steepness and degree of architectural complexity. True, bituminous tiles are not recommended for roofing if the angle of inclination of the slopes is less than 11.3º. The material is produced by numerous manufacturers. Each of them seeks to communicate own products unique qualities and useful properties for the stacker.

Despite some differences, the soft roofing technology is carried out according to the same scheme. There are small nuances, but they are not fundamental.

Foundation preparation rules

Flexibility - advantages and disadvantages bituminous coating. On the one hand, it allows you to noticeably speed up the process. After all, it takes a little time and a minimum of effort to form junctions, sinking pipes, arranging valleys and cornices. On the other hand, due to the flexibility of the material, a continuous batten is required so that the flexible shingles rest completely on a solid, even base.

You can build a continuous crate before installing a soft roof:

• from OSB-3 boards, recommended based on budget cost and sufficient strength;
• from sheets of moisture-resistant plywood with the FSF marking;
• from grooved or edged boards, the moisture content of which should not be less than 20%.

The sheet material is laid in a masonry-type run-out. It is important that there are no cruciform joints. It is necessary that the weak areas of the joining of the plates are evenly distributed over the counter-lattice. In the seams, gaps of 2-3 mm should be left, which are required for the free movement of the truss system during temperature fluctuations.

Plank flooring is installed parallel to the roof overhangs. Also in a run, if the length of the board is not enough for the slope. The place of joining of two boards on the slope should be supported on the beam of the counter-lattice, four nails should be hammered into it. Ordinary boards are fixed with two nails on both sides. They must be laid so that there is a gap of 3-5 mm between the longitudinal elements. Before work edged boards sorted. Those that are thicker should be distributed at the base of the ramp, those that are lighter should be sent up.

Ventilation is the key to perfect service

The excellent water-repellent properties of the bituminous coating are due to the scanty number of pores that can pass moisture and air. Reliable hydro-barrier acts in both directions. inside roof structure raindrops do not penetrate, but the steam does not come out. If you do not provide a free path for evaporation, condensate will accumulate on wooden roof trusses and crate. Those. a fungus will start, because of which you will have to say goodbye to a solid roof.

In the name of long-term flawless service, it is necessary to arrange a system roof ventilation including:

• vents designed for air flow in the area of ​​​​cornices. In addition to the inflow, they are required to ensure the free movement of air from the bottom up along the planes of the slopes. The vents are open channels formed by a crate and a counter-crate;
• ventilation gap between the bituminous roof and the insulation laid on top of the vapor barrier. It is intended for washing with an air stream of a heater;
• holes in the upper zone of the roofing cake. These can be either ends of the slopes that are not closed at the top, or specially arranged vents with a plastic barrel resembling a miniature chimney.

Ventilation must be arranged in such a way as to exclude the formation of air sacs in the under-roof space.

Laying an insulating carpet

It is highly recommended by all shingle manufacturers without exception to lay an additional waterproofing mat before installing the shingles. The list of materials suitable for carpet is usually indicated in the briefing. The product specified or equivalent in terms of characteristics is approved for use.

Replacement is highly undesirable, tk. a compound that is incompatible with the coating will prevent the bituminous layers from coalescing into a monolith and will promote swelling. Polyethylene is excluded. Ruberoid too, because the service life of a flexible roof is longer. It is unreasonable to lay a less durable material under a coating designed for 15-30 years of operation.

The technology of laying an insulating carpet under flexible tiles includes two options, depending on the steepness of the roof:

• Installation of a solid carpet on pitched roofs with a slope angle from 11.3º / 12º to 18º. Roll waterproofing lay in strips, starting from the overhang, moving towards the ridge. Each strip laid on top should overlap the previous strip with its own ten cm. If you need to join two segments in one row, they are laid with an overlap of 15 cm. The overlap is carefully, but without fanaticism, smeared with bituminous mastic. The insulation strips are fastened to the base with roofing nails every 20-25 cm. On top of the solid carpet, strips of barrier water-repellent protection are laid in the valleys and on the overhangs, as well as around the roof junctions. Then the ridge and convex corners of the roof are equipped with the original insulating material;
• Laying partial insulation on pitched roofs with a slope of 18º or more. In this case bitumen-polymer material valleys and overhangs are protected, and only the edges of the gables, the ridge and other convex corners are covered with strips of an insulating carpet. Insulation, as in the previous case, borders the intersections of the roof with pipes of communications and roof connections. The width of the bitumen-polymer barrier along the overhangs is 50 cm, in valleys it is 1 m, so that each of the protected slopes has 50 cm. When laying around junctions and pipes, the insulating strip is partially led onto the walls so that 20-30 cm of the vertical surface overlap with the material.

The device of a flexible roof with partial waterproofing is allowed by manufacturers, but among them there are no ardent supporters of this method. Naturally, precipitation is less delayed on steep slopes, but the circumstances are different: ice, slanting rain, etc. Better to be safe.

The bitumen-polymer carpet for the valleys is selected to match the tiles. A slight deviation from the color of the coating is allowed if there is a desire to emphasize the lines of open grooves. It is desirable that the valleys are covered with a continuous strip of barrier insulation. But if the joining of two pieces cannot be avoided, it is better to arrange it in the upper part of the roof with an overlap of 15-20 cm. There is the least load. The overlap must be smeared with bituminous mastic.

Protecting gables and eaves

The perimeter of the roof is equipped with metal strips. They are needed to protect the weakened sections of the crate from moisture and as roof design elements. The slats are laid on the edge of the gables and overhangs with an edge. The rib line must match the outline line of the roof. Fasten with roofing nails in a zigzag pattern after 10-15 cm.

If it becomes necessary to join two planks, they are laid with an overlap of 3-5 cm, at least 2 cm. The gable planks overlap the eaves at the corners of the roof. In places of end and docking overlaps, fasteners are driven in after 2-3 cm.

Most resilient roof manufacturers advise installing both types of metal protection over the underlayment. However, the developers of the Shinglas brand recommend that the cornice strips be placed under the carpet, and the gables on top of it. Before installing the pediment and cornice planks on the plank sheathing, they also advise first nailing the bar, and attaching a metal protection to it.

Formation of passages through the roof

Chimneys crossing the roof, communication risers, antennas, own ventilation openings need special arrangement. They create a potential hazard in the form of an open path for water leaks. Therefore, before installing the coating, the places of the roof penetration are covered with sealing devices or systems. Among them:

• Rubber seals designed to close points of small diameter. Antenna holes, for example;
• Polymeric passage elements used for equipping roof intersections with sewer and ventilation risers. They are produced specifically for the arrangement of roofs. Passers are fastened with corny nails to a continuous crate. Bituminous tiles are laid on top, which in fact are cut around the passage and fixed with bituminous mastic;
• Plastic adapters for own roof ventilation. Close the holes with vents, ridge element with evaporative channels, perforated fittings for cornices.

Rules for arranging large-sized passageways chimneys worth considering separately. In addition to the threat of leaks, they are also a fire hazard. Chimneys are sealed in several stages:

• the walls of the pipe are protected by parts cut from asbestos-cement slabs according to its actual dimensions;
• along the perimeter of the pipe, a triangular bar treated with flame retardant is mounted. To make it, you can split a bar diagonally. A skirting board is suitable for replacement. The bar for arranging the chimney is not attached to the crate! It must be fixed on the walls of the pipe;
• lay flexible tiles, winding the shingles on the bar;
• details are cut out from the valley carpet according to the size of the pipe with set bar. The width of the parts is at least 50 cm. Patterns are fastened with a 30 cm lead to the pipe walls with glue or bituminous mastic. First, the front part is glued, then the side parts, and finally the back part. The lower edge is placed on top of the laid tiles, the upper edge is inserted into a stab on the pipe wall;
• at the end, the multilayer insulation system is fixed by installing a metal apron with the treatment of the joints with silicone sealant.

There is a simpler and cheap way: the details of the insulating lining of the pipe are not cut out of the carpet, but immediately from galvanized metal. Then half of the stages of work will disappear by itself.

Wall junctions are sealed in a similar way. Only there is no need to install asbestos-cement protection, and the protected surfaces must be plastered and treated with a primer before arrangement.

Rules for laying cornice shingles

In order to create guidelines for the installer, it is better to pre-mark the roof with coated building cord. Horizontal lines are applied with a step equal to five rows of flexible tiles. Verticals are beaten off with a step of one shingle.

After preparing and marking the roofing surface, you can safely start laying flexible tiles, following the algorithm:

• the cornice row of tiles is mounted on the overhang first. You can take a special ridge-cornice tile or cut out the starting element with your own hands by cutting the petals of an ordinary ordinary tile. It is necessary to retreat 0.8-1 cm from the edge of the metal cornice strip and glue the cornice shingle. For gluing from the adhesive layer, you need to remove the protective tape, and coat the remaining places with mastic;
• the laid cornice tiles are fixed with roofing nails in increments equal to the width of the petal. wide hat the hardware when driving must be strictly parallel to the surface solid battens. Skews are not allowed. Nails are hammered, stepping back from the upper edge of the shingle 2-3 cm. Fixation points should overlap with the next row of roofing;
• the first row of shingles is laid. It is better to start from the center of the slope, so that it is easier to align horizontally. 1-2 cm should be retreated from the bottom line of the starting row and glued in an already tested way. Nailed with four nails at a distance of 2-3 cm from the groove between the petals;
• installation of the second row is also more convenient to start from the middle. But the shingle must be moved so that the tab is above the groove of the first row of tiles and the attachment points are completely closed;
• the upper corner of the tiles laid next to the pediment is cut off in the form of an equilateral triangle with sides of 1.5-2 cm. pruning is needed to break the water.

You can continue laying shingles in a linear fashion, i.e. stacking the entire row, one after the other. It is possible according to the pyramidal method with “building up” from the middle of the slope to the edges or diagonally.

Two ways of arranging a valley

Two methods have been developed for the formation of the valley:

• Open groove device. Ordinary tiles are laid up to the axis of the valley on both adjacent slopes. Only nails stop hammering already at a distance of 30 cm from the axis. After laying with a coated cord, the valley lines are beaten off on the slopes, along which the coating is carefully trimmed. The width of the groove is from 5 to 15 cm. In order not to cause damage to the soft roof during cutting, a plank is placed under the tiles. The corners of the tiles located near the valley are cut to repel water, then the back side of the coating elements is coated with mastic and glued.
• Closed groove device. Tiles are laid first on a slope with the smallest slope so that approximately 30 cm of material is located on an adjacent slope. At the top, the shingles are fastened with nails. After that, the second slope is covered, then a line is beaten off on it, stepping back from the axis of 3-5 cm, along which cutting is made. The corners of the tiles are cut to repel water, after which the cut loose elements are glued to the mastic.

The nuances of laying tiles on the ridge

Upon completion of the installation of tiles on the slopes, they begin to equip the ridge. ventilation ducts in the body of the crate should be left open, so a gap of 0.5-2 cm is left between the tops of the slopes. To ensure ventilation, the skate is equipped with a plastic aerator. It is not very attractive, therefore, for the glory of aesthetics, it is decorated with a universal ridge cornice tiles or tiles cut from shingles.

Nail the tiles with 4 nails. Each subsequent element must cover the fasteners of the previous one. Tiles are mounted on the ridges from the bottom up. The ridge is arranged in the direction of the prevailing winds so that the open areas turn to the leeward side.

In detail, the process of installing a soft roof with explanations step by step technology styling will demonstrate the video:

No special difficulties were found in the construction of a soft roof. There are technological features. If they are strictly observed, styling can be done independently with excellent results.