Datura plant: description, application and cultivation. Datura grass: healing effect and safe use

Datura vulgaris (another name is stinky dope) can grow both in the garden and in the garden. This plant reaches a height of about one meter. Datura - grass has enough bad smell, but its flowers have a sweet smell, which, when inhaled, intoxicates the head. This herb blooms from June to August.

Datura fruits are an egg-shaped green box with sharp spikes, in the middle of which there is a huge amount of seeds. Thanks to the tap root, it can be easily pulled out of the soil. Very often you can find Datura ordinary on garbage heaps and along roads. If you want to use its healing properties, remember that dope is very poisonous, as it absorbs a lot of nitrates, so do not self-medicate, but contact an experienced specialist.

Mexico and North America are considered the birthplace of Datura vulgaris. In the Middle Ages, the plant was brought to Russia and Germany, where it is widely used in the preparation of a "magic potion" and various magical rituals. In modern medicine, Datura is used to treat whooping cough and asthmatic attacks.

Features of the impact of plants on the human body

A long time ago, people paid attention to the amazing effect of dope on the human mind. AT ancient india it was widely used as a hallucinogenic substance, and in Austria it was considered a hard drug. The whole plant was thrown on hot coals and poisonous smoke was inhaled, thanks to which they achieved drug intoxication.

blank

Not all plants are harvested as medicinal product but only its leaves and seeds. Datura leaves are harvested only in dry weather, since when moisture gets on them, they quickly darken when plucked. Then they are dried in special ovens at a temperature of +40C. Also, the leaves can be collected during the ripening of the seeds, in which case they are dried in drafts, in dark places.

The drying process is stopped when the prepared raw material breaks easily. Remember, when working with Datura vulgaris, wash your hands well, as the herb is very toxic. The prepared raw material can be used in medicinal purposes over the course of two years.

Chemical composition

Datura ordinary contains alkaloids: atropine, histamine, daturin and others. The leaves and seeds contain essential and fatty oils, as well as tannins.

Application in agriculture

Datura grass is widely used as an insecticidal drug for pest control in agriculture. He is able to get rid of the hawthorn caterpillar, cabbage moth, ticks and herbivorous bugs. The raw leaves of the plant are often added to pig feed to increase the fat in the meat, and Datura tincture is used for cattle cramps.

Pharmacological properties

Since Datura ordinary contains hyoscyamine, the plant contributes to:

• blocking the activity of choline-reactive systems of the human body;
• has a bronchodilatory effect;
• actively tones the respiratory system;
• reduces the secretion of sweat, gastric and salivary glands;
• reduces muscle tone.

Datura ordinary is used as tinctures and various extracts.

Use in traditional medicine

Apart from pharmacological properties herbs, dope has an antiseptic and sedative effect. With its help, you can cure a number of diseases of the respiratory system:

• bronchitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• whooping cough;
• diseases that are accompanied by muscle spasms.

Along with others medicinal herbs, dope ordinary is widely used in the treatment of diseases such as:

• stomach ulcer;
• duodenal ulcer;
• spastic constipation;
• colitis;
• bradycardia.

Modern research in the field of oncological diseases has revealed a positive trend in the treatment of malignant tumors of the stomach with the use of dope grass and adonis.

Application

Powder and alcohol tinctures are made from the medicinal plant Datura vulgaris.

The powder is made from dried leaves and applied in the treatment of severe shortness of breath and convulsive cough. To do this, 3 times a day, use the powder inside, in very small doses (on the tip of a knife). If the condition of the patient with bronchial asthma is running, in such cases they are allowed to breathe the smoke of burnt leaves.

For mental disorders, seizures and epileptic seizures use an infusion of dope ordinary. It is brewed from 200 ml of hot water and 1 teaspoon of plant seeds, after which it is infused for half an hour. This infusion is taken orally one teaspoon. The same infusion is also prescribed to relieve pain in stomach cancer.

Tincture and decoctions of dope ordinary can be used externally. To do this, a glass of boiling water and 1 tsp. dry leaves boil for one minute. Then insist for 30 minutes and you can use. For half a glass of water, add 1 tsp. the resulting infusion and apply as a lotion.

Very useful tincture for hemorrhoids. For this, warm sitz baths are prepared. It is necessary to pour 20 grams of dry raw materials from dope with a glass of boiling water and insist for an hour. Then dilute in 10 liters of boiled warm water.

Datura ordinary has found wide application in cosmetology. He helps get rid of unwanted hair in certain areas of the body. To do this, take 150 grams of dry raw materials and pour one liter of hot water, then boil until a homogeneous mass is formed. After cooling the broth, it is smeared on the necessary areas of the skin. The shelf life is quite long, while it does not lose its healing properties.

Herbal decoction also used for enemas and douching. To prepare it, take 0.5 liters of water and 1 tsp. crushed dry leaves, boil for 5 minutes over very low heat. The broth is defended for about 20 minutes, after which it is filtered and used 1 time per day for 3 weeks.

Attention! The plant is very poisonous, so you should carefully study the slightest change in the body. If you feel unwell, it is recommended to immediately stop using and consult a doctor.
A single dose per day for an adult is 0.2 g, daily - 0.6 g.

Side effects

At first glance, it is not so easy to get poisoned by ordinary dope. But, due to the widespread use in the treatment of many ailments, not all patients adhere to the required dosages, as a result of which poisoning occurs. There are cases that grass is used as a hallucinogenic agent - they smoke or simply inhale the smoke from burning leaves. In such cases, poisoning can also occur.

The main symptoms of poisoning:

• sore throat;
• sharp excitability;
• vomiting, nausea;
• dilated pupils of the eyes;
• dryness of the oral mucosa;
• the appearance of hallucinations;
• paralysis of some parts of the body.

At the first sign of symptoms, seek immediate medical attention medical care. Symptoms may appear within the first 10 minutes or after 15 hours. After the treatment, the pupils may remain dilated for more than a week.

Datura is a plant with an ambiguous characteristic. Its beautiful large trumpet-shaped flowers fascinate with their beauty. However, the poisonousness of the plant deters many gardeners. The history of dope is very old, it is even impossible to establish exactly where its homeland is located. In the mythology and legends of the peoples of various continents, dope grass, datura, angelic trumpets, henbane, Lunar flower or devil grass. The plant was used by shamans to communicate with spirits and healers to get rid of terrible diseases. It can serve as a flower and an excellent decoration of the landscape. By taking precautions, you can easily grow Datura in your own garden.

plant description

Datura is a herbaceous evergreen perennial. Most often found in tropical and subtropical regions, preferring steppe or mountainous areas. In temperate climates, Datura is grown as annual crop. The plant has erect or decumbent stems. The length of the shoot can be 50-120 cm. It is fed by a long taproot rhizome, painted white or cream.

The tubular, hollow stem is covered on the outside with a smooth dark green or reddish bark. Over the years, the base becomes woody and acquires a reddish-brown color. On the trunk, lateral processes are formed with large serrated or oblong leaves. Each grows on a long petiole. Dark green foliage is alternate. The length of the leaf plate is about 15 cm, and the width is 10 cm. The surface of a dense leathery sheet is smooth, from below it is painted more bright hues. A light stripe is located along the central vein.

From June until the first frosts, Datura pleases with large beautiful flowers. Single buds are formed in the axils of the leaves or on the forks of the stems. The length of the funnel, consisting of five sectors, can reach 25 cm, but more often it is 10-15 cm. The flowers are painted in white, yellow, pink, lilac or purple. They may have simple form in the form of a bell with fused petals, or a more complex spiral structure of the petals. Flowers of some species are completely odorless, while others exude intense pleasant aroma. Datura is a nocturnal flower, its buds open at sunset and close in the morning. Flowering can be observed during the day in cloudy weather.

The fruits are in large oblong seed boxes. They are covered with dense dark green skin with long spines. Inside the raft is divided into 4 compartments, which contain round or kidney-shaped black seeds 3-3.5 mm long. Fruiting begins in July.

Types of Datura

The Datura genus is represented by 13 species. In culture, 3 of them are most often used.

A tenacious plant, which in many countries is considered a weed, grows to a height of 1.2 m. The herbaceous erect stem is covered with large cut leaves. The bush produces few flowers. From the end of June, it is covered with beautiful white corollas up to 10 cm long. Decorative garden variety tatula can please flower growers with bright blue funnels.

A highly poisonous plant with gray-green ovoid foliage. The flowers are white, simple or double, 10-12 cm long. The variety was used by the inhabitants of Central and North America as a hallucinogenic and sedative.

This species is considered the most decorative. It is most commonly found in culture. Plants form branched bushes about 1 m high. large leaves on long petioles they have an oblong shape and are painted in dark green color. Popular varieties:

• Ballerina - double flowers from several rows of fused funnels of light purple or yellow;
• Medea - dissolves simple snow-white flowers 15-20 cm long.
• Flore Pleno - terry purple flowers covered with white dots.

Reproduction methods

Datura, which is grown as an annual, is propagated by seeds. To receive as soon as possible flowering plants, it is pre-planted for seedlings. To do this, the seeds collected last summer are dried and stored in a cool place in a paper bag. In February, the seeds are soaked for 1-2 days in warm water, and then planted in containers with sandy-peat soil to a depth of 5 mm. During the germination period, the containers are kept at a temperature of 15°C. Shoots appear in 2-3 weeks. When 2 true leaves bloom on the seedlings, they swoop down in separate pots or disposable cups. Seedlings are grown in a room with bright, diffused light at a temperature of + 18 ... + 20 ° C. It should be watered moderately, but regularly. AT open ground planted plants with a height of 15 cm.

AT southern regions you can sow dope immediately in open ground. They do this at the end of May, when the soil warms up enough and the likelihood of frost will recede completely. Seeds are planted in holes at a distance of 30-50 cm from each other, to a depth of 5 cm. Entrances appear slowly. The grown plants are thinned out, keeping a distance of about 1 m. Flowering is expected 3-4 weeks after emergence.

In autumn, cuttings can be cut from an adult dope bush. Apical shoots about 10 cm long are cut and rooted in garden soil with the addition of moss. It is recommended to process the lower cut with Kornevin. For the winter, seedlings are brought indoors, and in the spring they are transplanted into open ground or grown in large tubs.

plant care

Datura can be called unpretentious plant, however, some rules of care must be observed. Seedlings are planted in the ground in late May or early June. Between plants, a distance of 1 m is necessary, since datura develops poorly in cramped conditions. When planting, it is important to save the earthen ball, as the rhizome is easily damaged.

The place for planting should be sunny, dry and calm (stems break easily from strong gusts). The soil should be nutritious and loose. Soils with a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction are suitable; lime is added to acidic soils before planting.

Datura loves regular watering. His big leaves evaporate a lot of moisture. With insufficient watering, they quickly wither and lose turgor. In the summer heat, the plant is watered daily or at least every other day. In this case, water should never stagnate at the roots. To preserve the decorativeness of the leaves, periodic spraying with clean water is necessary.

During the growing season and flowering, Datura is in great need of top dressing. Fertilizers are applied 2-4 times a month. Refeed it fast developing plant almost impossible. Diluted mineral and organic complexes are applied to the soil. To make flowering more abundant, datura is watered with hard water. Occasionally you can irrigate it milk of lime. Lack of watering and fertilizers can lead to a decrease in flowering or complete shedding of unopened buds.

So that the shoots do not become bare in the lower part and the bush retains its decorative effect, it must be cut. Cropping results in more flowers. The procedure is carried out at the end of flowering or in early spring. If the plants are grown as perennials outdoors, late autumn all shoots are removed to the ground. Plant fresh seedlings in spring.

AT middle lane Datura does not hibernate in Russia in the open field. To beautiful bushes endured frosts, they should be grown in tubs. Or annually in the fall, transplant from open ground into deep pots. Plants cannot stand temperatures down to +6…+8°C. In winter, dope should be kept at + 10 ... + 12 ° C. In a hotter room, the stems will stretch and become even more exposed. It is watered very rarely. Lighting may be moderate. In early spring, the bushes are transplanted and taken out to lighter and warmer rooms.

Thanks to the long and abundant flowering, as well as large unusual corollas, dope is a welcome guest in any garden. It is used in mixborders, flower beds and single landings. Fragrant varieties will serve not only as a visual decoration, but also mask the unpleasant smell from the compost heap. Lateral shoots fall to the ground, forming a spherical bush. At the same time, it is necessary to limit access to the plant to children and animals.

Herb in medicine

Datura is a poisonous, hallucinogenic plant. Its juice contains alkaloids, especially atropine and scopolamine, as well as tannins, fats, carotene and essential oils. The largest number trace elements are present in seeds. Under the influence of Datura components, a person experiences hallucinations, amnesia, mental discomfort and loses coordination. The action can last several hours. With an overdose, irreversible processes in the brain are also possible.

For all its danger, Datura is used not only in traditional medicine and religious practices, but also in pharmacology. As you know, many poisons in small quantities serve as a medicine. With the help of preparations containing dope extract, they fight the following diseases:

• rheumatism;
• tachycardia;
• colitis;
• cholecystitis;
• bronchitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• neuralgia;
• seasickness.

Traditional medicine uses decoctions and tinctures with Datura to relieve nervous tension, relax muscles, reduce coughing attacks, asthma and reduce convulsive seizures. Datura is also used to treat abdominal cramps, peptic ulcer and is used to prevent thrombosis. Leaves are harvested with the beginning of flowering. They are dried on fresh air under a canopy. Dry raw materials are ground into powder and stored in paper bags for a year. Roots can be harvested throughout the year.

Known use in the cosmetic industry depilatory oil from the leaves and roots of Datura. With regular rubbing into the skin, the hair becomes thinner and grows more slowly, and eventually disappears completely.

Datura is also used in animal husbandry. Fresh leaves are added to pig feed to promote fat formation. Herbal preparations help relieve spasms in cattle.

Precautionary measures

Despite all positive properties Datura remains one of the most poisonous plants in the world. Overdose signs are:

• dilated pupils;
• rapid pulse;
• skin redness;
• headache attack;
• dry mucous membranes.

If such symptoms are found, the stomach should be immediately washed out, adsorbents should be taken and the patient should be taken to the hospital.

This tall herbaceous plant, similar to a bush - strong, stable with dense dark leaves and fragrant flowers in the form of complex original funnels, has bright view and a memorable name - dope, the Latin name Datura (datura).

Among all peoples, it is called diabolical, witchcraft and magical because of the intoxicating aroma, the ability to cause hallucinations and strong poisonousness.

Datura grass - photo and botanical description

Datura belongs to the nightshade family. It can be either annual or perennial. Grows up to one and a half meters.

The stem is hollow inside, dense and erect, forked-branched. Often has a slight degree of stiffness.

The root is taproot, has many branches. Perennials are very large and voluminous. In annuals, it is often woody to hold a heavy bush.

The leaves are bright green in color, alternate, on cuttings. They often have an odor that many describe as unpleasant.

Flowers from 5 to 25 cm, look up, look like bells. They bloom in nature for 1-2 days, in cultivated species, flowering was extended to 2-4 days. The color is different - white, purple, red, cream. Pollinated by nocturnal insects or independently. The smell is not strong, pleasant, they smell at dusk and at night. Flowering is abundant due to the large number of flowers on the bush, lasts from early summer to winter.

The fruit is a box with 4 wings. There are large spikes on the surface. Seeds black, brown. During the season, one Datura flower can bring about 50 thousand seeds. This helps Datura to have a large range, it is easy to capture new territories.

All types of Datura contain allaloids, due to which they are cultivated in industrial scale. The content of alkaloid substances in the plant increases with the improvement of living conditions by almost 3 times.

The flower is widely distributed throughout the world - it grows in the tropics and subtropics. It is believed that man, with his activities and movements, settled Datura around the world. Almost every continent has a type of Datura, characteristic of this area, so the debate about the homeland of Datura continues.

AT folk descriptions datura herb is called "mad potion", since all parts of the plant are poisonous. Since ancient times, with its help, enemies and rivals have been eliminated.

Poisoning with datura alkaloids leads to excessive excitation of the nervous system with increased heart rate, overexcitation, senseless laughter and pathological activity. They are replaced by apathy, hallucinations, delirium. During sleep, vivid visions continue, often of a sexual nature.

Waking up is accompanied by a hangover syndrome and an inability to remember what happened the day before.

In case of poisoning, you should drink a lot, take sorbents, and it would be useful to consult a doctor.

"Devil's Grass", as Castaneda called the flower, is widely used in religious and mystical cults around the world to induce trance, zombification.

Consequences and symptoms of poisoning with dope seeds, photo:

Species and varieties

Although poisonous, the plant is widely cultivated. It is grown on summer cottages and in flower beds. There are many varieties of datura that have a delicate and pleasant smell.

In warm countries around the world, datura is common as a weed, everywhere.

Kinds

Datura common (Datura stramonium) - in Russia grows on soft soils along roads in the southeast, including Saratov, Volgograd region. Loves moisture good conditions reaches 1.5 meters. Flowering is observed in June-August.

Datura Indian (Datura metel) appeared in the north of India, now this species has settled in wild nature South America and throughout Asia. The plant is widely grown commercially due to its high alkaloid content. The leaves contain a large amount of atropine. The main producers are African countries and India.

Bushes reach 5 meters. perennial plants live no more than 3 years. Panicle has flowers of yellow, purple and white color.

Indian (Datúra innóxia) - grows in America - Central and South. Very similar to Indian. Has hairs on leaves and stem gray color, which makes the whole plant look greyish. Flowers after full blooming begin to slope down. Blooms until late winter.

Other types of dope:

• Datura ceratocaula;
• Datura ferox;
• Datura wrightii.

For cultivation in gardens and flower beds use different types datura. Despite the short flowering period, the bushes remain long time beautiful due to the large number of buds blooming in turn.

The following varieties of Datura are cultivated:

• Datura stramonium f. inermis;
• Datura metel Fastuosa;
• Datura Tatul;
• Datura metel Atrocarmina;
• Datura metel var rubra form rubra.

Popular varieties in domestic stores are named:

• White knight;
• Yellow knight;
• Terry giant;
• Ballerina yellow;
• Lilac terry;
• Terry ballerina.

Datura varieties Troubadour, Medea (see photo) are not so whimsical, easy to plant and care for, have smooth, simple flowers.

Troubadour

reproduction

Flower beds are also decorated with dope, grown on household plots. The plant is also suitable for decorating winter gardens, it can be grown in greenhouses and apartments. When breeding indoors, it should be remembered that he will have to allocate a whole corner and plant in a large pot.

seeds

Datura grass grows everywhere, because it is easily propagated by self-sowing seeds. Cultivars are used to breed Datura at home, but they are just as easily bred from seeds.

The plant has long term germination, which may take 10-30 days. In the southern regions, sowing datura can be carried out in open ground; seedlings are prepared in the middle lane, as for eggplants and tomatoes. For landing on the street, the soil temperature must reach 18 °.

In mid-March, you need to sow the seeds.

For this, the following soil composition is used:

• garden soil - 3 parts;
• humus -2;
• sand -1.

Before sowing, carry out the usual procedures to protect against pests and stimulate germination. The seed is treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, a fungicide against fungi. You can also add seeds hot water to speed up germination.

Seeds are buried 0.5 cm into moist soil, which must be covered with film or paper to provide warmth, retain moisture and enhance germination. Excess moisture harmful to seeds, but the ball should be moderately moist at all times.

Some prefer to wait until the seeds hatch in water or a damp cloth, and only then they are sent to the soil. Dive seedlings after the appearance of 2-3 true leaves.

Seedlings are planted in the ground when the threat of frost has passed, usually in late May - June. The neck of the root is not deepened. We must not forget that the dope bushes are large - the distance between plants is 0.5-1 m.

With a significant decrease in temperature, the seedlings should be covered with a film, and the pots should be transferred to the room.

Planting Datura seeds for seedlings, video:

cuttings

Propagation by cuttings is not difficult - the roots appear quickly. Cuttings 15-20 cm in size are cut off from the bush, put into the water at the end of summer and wait for the roots to grow back. After that, they are planted in pots.

Datura hibernates indoors, at the beginning of summer it is transferred to the ground.

Cultivation and care

Planting and caring for dope does not require much work and is within the power of any grower, even an inexperienced one. Datura grows well on compost heaps in loose moist soil.

Basic growing rules:

1. Regular watering. AT hot weather watered daily, in a cool - every other day. Only in this case the flowering will be plentiful. For irrigation, hard water with excess calcium is needed to form ovaries.
2. During the period high humidity and lowering the temperature, watering is stopped to prevent infection by the fungus.
3. Withered flowers must be removed so that the dope does not waste energy on the ripening of seeds, but produces new buds.
4. If seeds are needed, the first flowers should be left. To prevent dispersal of seeds from a ripe box, it must be fixed with gauze.
5. Top dressing is carried out once every 1-2 weeks in turn organic and mineral fertilizers. With a strong oxidation of the soil, it can be treated with lime milk.
6. Datura loves sunny open places and is not afraid of burns. With a lack of light, flowering is reduced, the bush is stretched, lengthened.
7. Old shoots, on which buds no longer form, and all the flowers have wilted, need to be cut off.

Things to remember when growing: Datura is a poisonous plant. It is dangerous for people and pets. With small children who are interested in flowers and put everything in their mouths, you need to take extra precautions. It may be worth choosing in this case other ways to decorate the site.

All parts of the plant are poisonous - leaves, seeds, roots, flowers. If the juice gets on the skin, it should be washed well with soap. The consequences of poisoning are very unpleasant.

Wintering

In our latitudes, it is not possible to overwinter the plant in open ground. If you do not want to plant seeds every year, you can keep the plant in a pot indoors. To do this, the bush is well cut in early autumn and transplanted into a large pot.

In winter, the plant is watered no more than once a week; it is not necessary to feed the dope. The recommended temperature of the content is not more than 20 °. Experienced flower growers it is advised to carry out cuttings in April-May, to plant not only the bush itself, but also young seedlings from cuttings.

If the plant has shed its seeds, the next year we should expect seedlings that have turned out to be self-sowing.

Diseases, pests

Most pests bypass dope.

plant in conditions high temperatures and lack surface irrigation and spraying can hit:

• spider mite;
• whitefly.

A single treatment of the bushes with an agent such as Aktofit or a simple soapy solution is sufficient.

With high humidity, infection with a fungus can occur, which can destroy the bush. It is necessary to reduce watering, ensure drying earthy coma and treat the soil and plant with a fungicide.

The use of datura in landscape design

Datura bushes of any variety have a beautiful appearance due to the combination of bright juicy greenery and large flowers. Abundant flowering for a long time makes the plant a real decoration of the site.

Datura is planted on the lawn and in pots that can be moved to the right place. Curtains are decorated with seedlings different colors to create a flower bed.

Datura looks good in the composition. Choice right combination different varieties plants will allow you to keep the flower bed in a constantly flowering state.

Datura is planted next to early flowers - daffodils, tulips, which by the time active growth and the blooming buds are already fading.

Planting bushes along the path is not worth it because of the toxicity. It is better to deepen the plant inside the site, the lawn.

Plants look good against the background of shrubs - lilacs, hydrangeas, jasmine. In front of the datura, low grassy flowers look good - cornflowers, marigolds, creeping grasses.

Some varieties of dope with double, large, beautifully colored flowers can decorate resting places with constant flowering without any decoration.

Datura flowers, photo:

Where to buy Datura seeds?

Seeds ripen almost 2 months after the formation of the bud. Buying datura seeds is easier than growing your own. They are sold in seed stores, large retail chains by the beginning of the planting season.

You can order Datura seeds via the Internet in stores: First Seeds, Semenapost, and others.

The cost of 4-5 dope seeds with beautiful double flowers is 20-70 rubles.

Growing datura at home and in the open field is an interesting and easy task. The plant is dangerous only for children. A long flowering period, beautiful greenery, stable strong bushes that do not require a garter make Datura a real find for all flower growers.

Datura common is one of the most poisonous plants. Contains alkaloids that relax smooth muscles and increase heart rate.

It also has other names - “henbane”, “nonsense grass”, “foolish”, “crazy grass”. At correct application plants, its properties can be used for the benefit of man.

Datura plant is a herbaceous annual, belongs to the nightshade family. In Russia, it is distributed in the Astrakhan region and the lower reaches of the Volga. Datura grass grows in garbage dumps, in ditches and along roadsides.

Dope has a powerful root system, erect forked stem. The leaves of the plant are dark green in color, oval in shape with jagged edges. The flowers are large, solitary, in appearance resemble a small white lily. They exude a sour-sweet aroma. The fruits of the capsule are covered with sharp spikes, divided into four sections. Seeds are small matte black. Up to 800 pieces ripen in one box.

It should be noted that dope serves as a source of the following substances:

Datura in the garden

In addition to dope ordinary, there are decorative types. They are used to decorate flower beds and garden plots.

As decorative varieties are used:

Due to the abundant flowering, decorative dope has won the recognition of gardeners. Fragrant fragrance plants will mask the unpleasant smell from the cesspool or compost heap. decorative properties herbs are used in flower beds and front gardens.

Reproduction methods and care

At the end of summer, seeds are collected from bursting boxes. Dry in the open air for a week, store in a dark place in a paper bag.

In early March, the seeds are soaked for 2-3 days in a weak solution of manganese. Then planted in containers with loose soil.

The first seedlings appear after 10 days. Seedlings are grown at a temperature of + 20 ... + 22⁰С, at the end of May, the sprouts are planted in the ground.

For landing choose open sunny places. Datura is a moisture-loving plant and requires regular watering and spraying. During the flowering period, it needs additional top dressing. Mineral complexes are applied directly under the root.

Gallery: dope ordinary (25 photos)

Medicinal properties of dope

Tincture is used for liver diseases, as a choleretic agent. Relieves kidney and stomach colic. As an additional treatment, tincture is prescribed for colon cancer.

Fees from the leaves of the plant cope with diseases of the nervous system: epilepsy, panic attacks and insomnia. As a symptomatic agent, it is used to treat bronchial asthma.

A decoction of the seeds of the flower helps with uterine erosion and hemorrhoids (douching, enemas). Rubbing herbs with oil relieves the pain of arthritis and gout. Lotions from the decoction dissolve hematomas and seals with mastitis.

Procurement of raw materials and recipes

Datura leaves and fruits are harvested during seed ripening in dry weather. Then dried in a dark place for 2-3 weeks. The raw material is considered suitable for use when the leaves begin to break easily and crumble. The harvested plant can be stored for no more than 3 years.

In folk medicine, the following recipes are used:

Contraindications

Due to the fact that the juice of the plant has toxic properties, the use of herbs for medicinal purposes has a number of contraindications. They should be remembered:

In any case, before using infusions and decoctions of Datura, be sure to consult your doctor.

Datura poisoning

It should be remembered that Datura is a very toxic herb. Therefore, when treating with decoctions and tinctures from a flower, you must follow all the recommendations and do not exceed the dosage. If the house has Small child, then the poisonous plant dope ordinary should not be planted in the garden. A kid out of curiosity can swallow grass seeds, which will lead to disastrous consequences.

Signs of poisoning:

• redness of the face;
• vomiting and nausea;
• mental arousal;
• dilated pupils;
• heart palpitations;
• hallucinations;
• headache;
• diarrhea with blood;
• fever.

Symptoms in severe cases:

• drop in blood pressure;
• respiratory failure;
• convulsions;
• loss of consciousness;
• heart failure.

First aid

At the first symptoms of poisoning poisonous plant, it is necessary to call ambulance. To help the victim before the arrival of the doctor, you can do the following:

1. Prepare a strong saline solution (50 g of salt per 1 liter of water). The patient needs to do repeated gastric lavage and artificially induce vomiting.
2. Give the victim any sorbent: Activated carbon, white clay, Laktofiltrum.
3. With a fever, the patient's body is wiped with a damp towel.
4. If the poisoned person has lost consciousness, then an indirect heart massage is performed.

Medical measures for poisoning

In severe cases, the patient is hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The following activities take place there:

1. If breathing is disturbed, tracheal intubation is performed.
2. Enter subcutaneously Prozerin (5 ml).
3. An intravenous drip ( saline, Galantamine).
4. Diazepam is used to eliminate mental arousal.
5. With fever, a solution of Analgin with Diphenhydramine (2 ml) is administered intramuscularly.

The magical properties of dope

In India, the Datura flower was used for magical rites aimed at improving wealth. In Tibet, an intoxicating potion was made from the leaves of the grass and mixed with it in the food of young girls. Then they were kidnapped and killed, sacrificing to the goddess of death Kali. The Aztecs inhaled the scent of flowers for an hour, it was believed that this ritual enhances psychic abilities.

Datura is considered a poisonous plant. By the way, it is called differently: “angel's tube”, “crazy grass”, “moon flower”, “drunk cucumber” and “henbane”. It is known that this flowering plant belongs to the nightshade family, and therefore is a relative of tomatoes, potatoes and even eggplants.

In the people it is also called dope-grass. The description of this flower can be found in many textbooks on botany, and his photographs are also placed there.

Datura plant in large quantities can be found in any area. Usually, dope chooses the following territories for its habitat: wastelands, roadsides and vegetable gardens.

This flower plant grows up to 1.5 meters. It has a thick stem and huge leaves with small teeth. The root of this herbaceous plant is completely white and rather long, taproot. Fragrant and large flowers Most often white, but lilac can also be found.

In their shape, they resemble a small lily. They germinate in the convolutions of the stem, and in one place there can be no more than one of them. There are only five flower petals. Buds open only in the evening.

The fruits of "naughty - herbs" consist of a box in which there are four sections covered with small spines. Each box contains approximately 800 grains. Datura starts blooming in July and ends its flowering only at the end of September, and already in October the fruits begin to ripen.

Types of dope grass

The bushes of this plant most often grow in small groups. At present, biologists have counted 13 species of this plant, and it is worth noting that they are all poisonous. On the Internet you can find a large number of photos of dope ordinary.

In Europe, the following types of dope are considered the most common:

1. Ordinary.
2. Strong-barreled.
3. Indian.
4. Indian.

The amount of poisons in this plant depends on what time this flower is collected and in what place. And for this you need to know the composition of the plant:

• alkaloids;
• carotene;
• tannins;
• essential oils;
• fats;
• trace elements.

Datura, of course, maybe a natural medicine, be used as a remedy, but sometimes leads to the death of a person. It has been proven that alkaloids are found in all private plants in different proportions:

• 0.4% - leaves.
• 0.15% - stems.
• 0.2% - seeds.
• 0.25% - roots.
• 0.2% - flowers.

History of the flower plant

Unfortunately, it is impossible to establish the homeland of this plant. But the first mentions of it are in the legends of Europe, America, Africa and Asia. Therefore, there are two stories of the origin of henbane: American and Asian.

According to the first version, Datura seeds were brought from America by the sailors of Columbus. The second theory claims that wandering gypsies once found strange and intoxicating seeds in the steppes near the Caspian Sea. They are then they were taken all over Asia.

But these legends do not find their documentary confirmation. And this herbaceous plant became widespread thanks to the healers, who just transported its seeds.

It is worth noting that soothsayers also used henbane for mystical rites. And the Aztecs generally considered this herb sacred, as it was used by priests, causing hallucinations that allow them to communicate with higher powers.

The seed pods of this flower plant were sacrificed to the deity. The Indian tribes also used this herb to perform witchcraft rituals. Chinese doctors used this plant in the Middle Ages. for the treatment of many diseases.

Hindus watered the dancers of the Shiva temple with dope wine to plunge into ecstasy. But in Europe in the Middle Ages, there was a legend that sorcerers based on dope prepared a special ointment that made it possible for them to fly on a broomstick.

The history of Datura goes far with its roots in antiquity, as they appeared on the basis of the name of this flower plant and surnames in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine: Durmanovsky, Datura and others.

The use of dope grass in medicine

Even in ancient Greek medicine, dating back to the 4th century BC, many healing properties of henbane are described. For example, the 11th century physician Avicenna described this herb as a beautiful drug.

But of course medicinal properties plants depend on the content of alkaloids in it. So, hyoscyamine helps to reduce the secretion of bile, sweat, saliva, and also stimulates the heart.

AT modern world the pharmacological industry produces a wide variety of drugs that contain dope, and they are great for treating the following diseases:

1. Bronchial asthma.
2. Bronchitis.
3. Ulcers of the stomach.
4. Ulcers of the duodenum.
5. Colitis.
6. cholecystitis.
7. Tachycardia.
8. Sea and air sickness.
9. mental illness.
10. Neuralgia.
11. Rheumatism.

In medicine dope decoctions are used, which is ideal for rinsing, rubbing, enemas or douching. Datura oil tincture is used externally. But with constipation, it is possible to take it orally. And the oil is great for epilation. There is also a dry powder of dope leaves, which is added to special cigarettes for asthmatics.

"Crazy grass" is also used in veterinary medicine, for example, to treat seizures big cattle or to increase the fat layer of meat in pigs.

But it is always worth remembering that if the dose of consumption for a person is calculated incorrectly, then this can be fatal. Therefore, without the recommendations of a doctor and consultation, use it for self-treatment dope is undesirable.

Procurement of vegetable raw materials

Traditional healers try to collect dope on their own, but for this they observe several simple rules: worth collecting during the warm season, the weather should be clear and sunny and this should be done no earlier than 10 am.

But it is necessary to observe some precautions. For example, you should not take this plant with your hands, but use gloves for this purpose. You can not dry this raw material at home, and even more so in the oven.

Ready-made raw materials are divided into leaves, flowers and seeds and cooked separately in a tight closed banks. Such blanks can be stored for 2 years. After any work with the plant, it is necessary wash your hands well.

Decorative use of Datura

Some varieties of Datura are used on garden plots and as ornamental plants. Many gardeners like her for her unpretentious care. Its reproduction occurs by seeds.

In spring, seeds soaked in hot water, planted in pots with the ground prepared in the fall. At the end of May, the resulting seedlings can be planted already in open ground. After 3 weeks, the first buds will begin to appear. Datura grass flowers photos can be found on many sites on the Internet or in encyclopedias.

Datura is planted in dachas mainly because of beautiful flowering. The natural color of dope is white, but you can also find hybrid forms of this plant that bloom and lilac, purple, magenta and yellow flowers. The incredibly pleasant aroma of flowers helps to mask many unpleasant odors in garden areas.

Dope care includes three main conditions:

• sun;
• loose earth;
• timely watering.

But on the other hand, weeds do not form near the dope, the poisonous plant does not let them near it. But it is still necessary to feed the soil with various minerals.

It is worth remembering that dope is still a perennial herb, so it may not be cut bush completely, and leave for the second year. By the way, the tincture of this toxic plant can also be used to control pests: spider mites, cabbage moth, goldentail caterpillars and hawthorn.

Beetles and ants are not afraid of this plant, but wireworms can even damage these stems. Bees willingly collect nectar from this flower, but a person cannot eat such honey.

For the winter, this grass can be transplanted into pots and even taken home, but provided that they are be in a large room. It is impossible to put such a plant in the bedroom or on playgrounds.

The danger of dope grass

Datura is a poisonous plant. Therefore, it is contraindicated for pregnant women, as well as nursing mothers. People with glaucoma should not be treated medicines based on dope and even it is contraindicated to care for such landings.

Sometimes bleached poisoning occurs through negligence. But folk healers try to prepare their drugs, not knowing the correct dosage. Recently, more and more young people are dying because they are trying to brew an intoxicating potion from dope, and this leads to trouble.

Small children, being next to this toxic and poisonous plant, due to the inattention of their parents, try to open the fruit boxes, and the seeds are put into their mouths. As a result, all these cases lead to poisoning sometimes severe, and sometimes even fatal.

Datura poisoning can be immediately noticed, since it symptoms appear very quickly and they are bright:

• Pupils dilate, lips and oral cavity turn blue.
• Speech stutters and heart rate rises.
• Shortness of breath appears, the temperature rises, the face swells.

If the poisoning is very strong, then hallucinations and seizures occur. It is very difficult for a person to navigate in space, and even more so to realize reality. If you do not come to the rescue in time, then very quickly the respiratory center is paralyzed, and the person may die.

If the first symptoms of plant poisoning appear, then call an ambulance immediately. Doctors will definitely wash the stomach of the victim, inject prozerin or any other psychotropic drugs, and cold compresses on the head are also required for such poisoning.

If there is no knowledge about dope grass, then, accordingly, it is impossible to prepare some preparations on your own, and it is impossible to collect raw materials from this herb. But conversations with children about the toxicity of this plant must be carried out by showing a photo so that the child can remember and appearance dope.

But it is worth noting that any drugs containing dope, despite the exact observance of dosages, will still lead to negative consequences. Therefore, it is always worth remembering that if such drugs with dope are used for a long time, this will lead to various mental disorders, glaucoma and depression. Take a medicine that contains atropine can only be temporary.