Local treatment facilities for a private house h2o. Biological treatment station. Differences from analogues on the market

Country houses located in country associations, countryside and even in a number of cottage settlements, they do not always have the ability to connect to a centralized sewer network. The optimal solution the problem is the use of a local treatment plant - VOC

From the cesspool to the VOC

Modern technologies in the field engineering equipment are striding by leaps and bounds, and today many types of domestic wastewater treatment plants have been developed. Recall how the history of private sewerage developed.

First - a cesspool, then its modernized version - a septic tank, and finally the installations in which full cycle wastewater treatment. The latter are called differently: stations (systems) of deep biological treatment, cleaning installations Wastewater(UOSV), local treatment facilities(LOS), etc.

In order not to get confused in these names, which essentially mean the same thing, we will use the abbreviation VOC.

But we will talk about VOCs a little later, and now we will discuss the question: are septic tanks already in the past or not yet?

Since the consumer, inexperienced in the problems of private sewerage, sometimes misinterprets the meaning of this term, it would not be out of place to recall that a septic tank industrial production is a large container (most often made of plastic) located in the ground and connected by a supply pipe to sewer outlet from home.

The simplest septic tank is essentially a large barrel, more complex models are divided into two or three sections or consist of two or three individual containers. In a septic tank, wastewater does not just accumulate, it is their primary decomposition into heavy ones, gradually settling down, and light ones, floating to the surface. Thanks to this treatment method, which is called mechanical, the wastewater is cleaned by 60%, which is a very low degree of purification, and therefore it is forbidden to dump it on the terrain.

Ten-year-old technologies implied the installation of filtration fields in the area adjacent to the house - drain systems, through which soil post-treatment of wastewater from the septic tank took place. Today, this is an outdated method. However, the septic tank itself cannot be discounted. Sometimes it helps certain tasks. For example, if it is not country house year-round living, but about the cottage, where the family visits seasonally or periodically. Since the septic tank is suitable for processing a relatively small volume (1 -3 m 3 / s.) of domestic wastewater and fecal matter, it will be necessary to call in a sewage truck from time to time. To reduce the rate of filling the tank, drains can be divided into "gray" (water after washing dishes, bathing, washing) and "black" (receipts from the toilet) and send only "black" to the septic tank.

In any case, for a house of periodic stay, a septic tank will be the most economical solution. Sometimes it has to be set for other reasons. For example, in water protection zones, where it is forbidden to use even VOCs that clean wastewater by 94-98%. Actually, this is all the information that a private developer needs to know about a septic tank in order to make a choice in favor of a septic tank or VOC.

Wastewater disposal options

a) Discharge of purified water by gravity into the existing drainage network
b) Discharge of wastewater to an intermediate well in which a drainage pump is installed
c) Pressure discharge of wastewater into a road ditch
d) Gravity discharge of sewage into a filtering (drainage) well

Principles of operation of aeration VOCs

Individual sewer installations on Russian market presented in great numbers. Some of them, called differently, are actually almost "twins". And therefore it makes no sense to describe each model separately and compare them. It is much more important for the future user to understand the fundamental constructive difference between systems from each other.

Conventionally, all installations can be divided into two types: aeration and complex. In the first, wastewater treatment occurs due to the work of aerobic bacteria, which use the oxygen contained in the air for their life activity. How does it enter the VOC tank? Aeration (saturation of water with air oxygen) is forced: for this, compressors (pneumatic aeration) or pumps (ejector aeration) connected to the installation are used.

The effluent treatment method used in such equipment is biological, therefore this species VOCs are also called biological treatment systems (less commonly, bioseptics). Structurally, the device is a container (usually made of polypropylene) with technological hatches, divided by partitions into several sections: a septic tank, an anaerobic bioreactor, a stage I aeration tank - a biofilter, a sump, a stage II aeration tank, a secondary clarifier - a contact tank, a pump compartment. Number of camera compartments different models may be different.

Their common purpose is to sequentially purify domestic wastewater to those specified in technical passport parameters. This is done in the following way. Wastewater is sent to a septic tank, where it is fermented, suspended solids are separated, sand and other insoluble impurities are settled. After that, partially clarified effluents enter the anaerobic bioreactor, where they are treated with anaerobic sludge (community of microorganisms). The process takes place without access to oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria convert hardly oxidizable organic compounds into easily oxidized. Then comes the turn of cleaning in the aerotank of the 1st stage with the effect of oxygen (using forced aeration). Here, wastewater is mixed with activated sludge, which absorbs and oxidizes pollution. After that, the wastewater enters the second stage aerotank, where it is further purified (by oxidation and adsorption) with a biofilm of microorganisms formed on a load of artificial "algae" with continuous fine-bubble aeration. Further, in the secondary clarifier, the activated sludge is deposited and returned to the septic tank using an airlift, and the wastewater, purified up to 98%, is discharged to a lower relief place. This is how VOCs of the first type work - aeration ones.

Integrated wastewater treatment plants in a private house

VOCs of the second type are complex installations, in which wastewater treatment occurs in three ways: mechanical, biological and chemical-physical (coagulation). Structurally, they differ significantly from aeration plants. Integrated VOCs consist of a vertical sedimentation tank with baffles (septic tank) and a bioreactor located above it. Sediment settling and anaerobic treatment take place in the septic tank. In the bioreactor - aerobic (with oxygen) treatment of already clarified wastewater. Bacteria attach to the biofeed of the reactor, forming an active biofilm. The set of installations includes a precipitating chemical (coagulant) in the form of tablets. It binds phosphorus, significantly reduces its concentration in wastewater and accelerates the process of precipitation. The coagulant is in plastic container, which is hung on the toilet bowl. With each flush, particles of the substance enter the system along with drains.

What does the consumer need to know?

Aeration VOCs do not allow volley discharge of wastewater (more than 100 l / h). For example, if there are frequent guests in the house, the consumption of wastewater (taking a bath, shower, etc.) increases dramatically, due to which the colony of bacteria that is used for cleaning is partially (or completely) washed out. And consequently, for some time after a volley discharge, the installation will not be able to treat wastewater to the indicators indicated in the passport. A prolonged power outage also negatively affects the operation of systems of the first type, namely, it leads to the partial or complete death of a bacterial colony. True, some manufacturers "forget" to notify the buyer about this. Others argue that this is not a significant drawback of the devices, because you just need to put the bacteria bought in the store for septic tanks into the container, and the installation will begin to function as before. This is true, but reaching the degree of wastewater treatment declared by the manufacturer will occur in this case no earlier than in two to three weeks.

But complex VOCs are not threatened by a volley discharge or a power outage negative consequences. The reason for this is in design differences installations of the first and second types. The fact is that in aeration VOCs, aerobic and anaerobic processes occur in one volume, where, due to aeration, there is a constant mixing of activated sludge. In complex VOCs, sludge is deposited in a separate chamber, where it is in a state of relative rest, and since bacteria in such systems live not only in water, but also in a bioreactor, they are not threatened by washing out with abnormal effluents, as well as death due to shutdown electricity. Even with a long interruption in the power supply, the bacteria on the biofilter are alive for three months. The output to the operating mode declared by the manufacturer occurs 4-10 days after the start of the installation.

Aeration installations should not get household waste (toilet paper, hygiene items), as this can lead to blockage of the pumps that ensure the operation of the station. In addition, it is not desirable to drain chemical household detergents there, which worsen the conditions necessary for the vital activity of bacteria. But complex installations are more “loyal” to these factors, mainly due to their design features. Household garbage that has fallen into them (toilet paper, napkins, leftover food, pet hair, polymer films) remains in the settling chamber and cannot enter the section where the pumps are located. A small amount of chlorine-containing preparations ( washing powder, bleaches), which, together with water, entered the VOC of the second type, will also not lead to a loss of system performance.

Both types of devices are volatile - the compressor (pump) must operate in continuous mode. However, complex VOCs have somewhat lower electricity consumption due to the fact that they do not use a compressor, but a timed pump (15 min./on - 15 min./off).

Systems are presented on the Russian market of varying complexity both domestic and foreign manufacturers. In some of them, the cleaning process is controlled by a programmable controller that changes the operating mode of the installation based on the amount of incoming wastewater. If there are few of them, the controller switches the system to an economical mode, with volley discharges - to a forced one. Although automation simplifies the operation of the system, it significantly increases the cost of VOC and its further maintenance.

Where to take drains in a country house

When installing equipment, one of the main questions is where the water treated in the installation goes. The easiest option is to divert it by gravity. After treatment in VOCs, wastewater is discharged directly onto the terrain or into a drainage network (trench, roadside ditch) at least 80-90 cm deep, protected from flooding. The second option is a filter well, used in cases where gravity drainage is not possible.

From VOC at a distance determined by the project, do reinforced concrete well with a depth of about 3 m. on the bottom of which crushed stone is poured (in order to increase the performance of the system). Bandwidth well depends on the type of soil.

In sandy soils, it is 80 l / day. per 1 mg area outer surface well filter cylinder, in sandy loam - 40 l / day. IN clay soils or when high level ground water this scheme does not work. In these cases, apply drainage pumps. For pumping purified water from VOCs, submersible devices With conditional passage (maximum size impurities) 10-12 mm. The pump can be installed directly in the last chamber of the VOC or in an additional intermediate well, it must be sealed. This is necessary so that the pump does not also pump groundwater.

When installing a wastewater treatment system, it is important to consider that it should be located at a distance of 3-5 m from the cottage in order to winter time sewage coming from the house did not freeze on the way to the VOC

Prices

Manufacturers indicate the cost of installations in different ways. Some name the price only for the equipment itself, others - per system"turnkey", that is, taking into account the installation.

When choosing devices for wastewater treatment, it is better to focus on full complex services. On average, VOC + delivery to the customer's site + installation will cost from 80,000 rubles. (installation volume is designed for four users) up to 140,000 rubles. (for ten users).

For some systems, monthly service activities may be required, the cost of which per year sometimes reaches 20% of the equipment price.

The general rule for all installations is to clean the settling chamber on average once a year from the accumulated excess sludge using a sewage truck. The cost of sewer services is 750-800 rubles / m 3.

What volume of wastewater installation to choose

The choice of a household treatment plant for specific building conditions is a complex multi-factorial task. First of all, it is necessary to calculate the performance of the equipment, since the size of the tank depends on this.

The specific norm of water disposal (according to SNiP 2.04.01-85) is from 200 to 300 liters per person per day and includes the use of a toilet, bath, shower, kitchen sink And washing machine. A family of three to four people spends an average of 200 liters of water per day on washing, washing dishes and washing, another 200 liters on the toilet, and 400 liters on a shower and bath.

In total, 800 liters are obtained. The size of the container is chosen taking into account that its working volume exceeds daily allowance water consumption three to five times. Therefore, in our example, a 4 m 3 tank is needed.

Do-it-yourself installation of an aeration station (VOC) - photo

a) Preparation of the subsystem pit b, c) The body of the unit is placed in the pit, d, e) Insertion of underwater and outlet lines into the body of the treatment plant f, g) Installation of electrical equipment, filling the unit with water and sprinkling with sand, h) External part aeration station

Our company is engaged in the production of autonomous sewers for private houses. With BIO-S products, you organize productive wastewater treatment for further use of liquids for technical needs. We sell self-flowing forced systems turnkey - with further installation and maintenance. You can also purchase an autonomous sewer with the desired level of performance, volley discharge. We will deliver the order to the desired address in Moscow and the Moscow region.

Construction of structures

Household sewers "BIO-S" are made of several parts. The case is polypropylene. The material is not subject to corrosion, withstands the effects of aggressive substances. There are compartments inside the case. When wastewater passes through them, it is cleaned from contaminants by means of aerobic bacteria. The output is a clear liquid. It enters directly into the ground, water or reservoirs. In the latter case, it is possible to use purified water for irrigation and other household needs.

Advantages of our products

Local sewer systems are effective method disposal of drains of different levels of pollution. Installation of structures without pumping out is in demand among owners country houses because they:

1. purify wastewater by 98%;
2. made of high-strength, moisture-resistant material;
3. do not let unpleasant odors out;
4. have compact dimensions, allowing installation of structures on small areas;
5. non-volatile - the system will work even when there is a power outage;
6. easy to install due to low weight;
7. do not require frequent maintenance - once a year is enough.

With all the advantages, the cost of treatment facilities is favorable. You buy an autonomous sewer from the manufacturer. This not only determines an attractive price, but also guarantees the quality of products. In addition, we additionally provide services for the installation and maintenance of systems. As a result of cooperation, you get reliable sewerage and high-class service from professionals "BIO-S".

Call to convenient time and clarify questions. We will advise on the choice of an autonomous sewage system, the production of custom-made structures, and discuss the nuances of the provision of services. Do not doubt that cooperation with "BIO-S" will be fruitful and pleasant.

Autonomous sewerage systems are a complex installation with characteristic system overflows, filtration and no less sophisticated electronics. Only competent calculation and observance of norms and rules will ensure a long and quiet life for the “autonomy”. How to arrange an autonomous sewerage system for a private house with your own hands, using "biological weapons" for peaceful purposes?

From the cesspool to the biological wastewater treatment plant

Living in a private house is now becoming more comfortable, thanks to the successful and total implementation engineering systems water purification. Autonomous sewerage is the most demanded part of engineering communications.

Starting with primitive and labor-intensive do-it-yourself "economy options" - cesspools and installation of septic tanks, modern autonomous sewage for a private house is fundamentally different from its predecessors. The organization of sewer installations is based on the principle of deep biological wastewater treatment.

What is the principle of autonomous sewerage for the house

The work of the autonomous sewage system of a private house is organized according to the wastewater treatment method, which involves the following steps:

Mechanical (cleaning of large fractions)

Biological (removal of organic compounds)

Physico-chemical

Waste water disinfection.

At the mechanical stage of treatment, the effluents pass into a state favorable for the release of suspended solids. The result of mechanical cleaning is the removal of up to 70 percent of contaminants and the creation of an even distribution of water in the drain.

The result of biological wastewater treatment is the degradation of water organic matter using microorganisms (aerobic and anaerobic).

An important step in wastewater treatment is sludge dehydration or change chemical composition water. To increase the efficiency of the mechanical process in sewer system flocculant is used.

The final stage of wastewater treatment is based on its disinfection and subsequent salvo discharge.

A simplified diagram of an autonomous sewage device in a private house for waste disposal consists of the following elements:

Sewage and fecal waste storage

Tanks for purification and processing.

But of particular interest are stations for deep biological wastewater treatment, which include aerotanks and methanetanks.

Aerotank represents reinforced concrete structure open type. Waste water, which contains organic pollutants, is passed through the aerotank, air and recirculated sludge are supplied in an active state. In the aeration tank flow type water circulates continuously. During aeration, the liquid can be in the tank for up to several days.

What is deep biological wastewater treatment

Wastewater treatment technology using deep biological treatment plants can be confidently attributed to complex processes that involve microorganisms. Technologically necessary:

Create conditions conducive to the formation of enzymes

Create conditions for aeration, oxidation and decomposition of substances

In the process of the created conditions for the life support of the biopurification cycle, the breakdown of products will be carried out

Perform technological discharge of cleaning products into a reservoir or onto a relief.

To date, there are many models of stations for deep biological wastewater treatment. Recall that ready-made stations from the manufacturer are designed for the disposal of sewage, but not for their storage.

The most popular autonomous sewers are:

Topol – Eco

and this list is updated annually with new models.

Autonomous sewerage, what could be easier! This video will tell you about it.

Stations for deep biological wastewater treatment have an impressive cost, however performance characteristics provide a good degree of wastewater treatment. In addition, the advanced sewage treatment technology makes it possible to reuse the treated waste water for irrigation. How to install an autonomous sewer for a house with your own hands?

Installing an autonomous sewer yourself

Of course, it is preferable to entrust the installation of autonomous sewage to specialists. If you intend to install it yourself, then you first need to consult with specialists who will help in choosing a place for digging a pit for installation. It does not hurt to draw up a plan and installation scheme.

selection of installation model for autonomous sewage

When selecting a plant model, the following initial data are required:

Number of consumers and users of sewerage

Location of groundwater and its water pressure level

Geological composition of soil and soil

Working volume of the receiving chamber

Depth of insertion of the outlet pipe

Estimated place of volley discharge of sewage.

Based on the collected data, the selection, purchase and delivery of an autonomous sewage installation is carried out.

Helpful information

In the model of treatment facilities, the manufacturer indicates the depth of the tie-in of the sewer pipe into the system. This is a height of 1.05 - 1.45 mm from the soil level to the lower edge of the supply pipe.

what you have to do with your own hands for installation and installation

Installation activities station offline cleaning drains consist of the following steps:

Earthworks for excavation

Installation of the station structure into the pit (without concreting)

Insulation of the top and side parts of the station

Sand station design drainage

Gaskets for inlet and outlet pipes (inlet sewer pipe Ø110 mm with insulation and outlet pipe Ø110mm type DGT-PND)

gasket electric cable VVG 4x1.5 in protective tube PNDØ25

Installation of a conical filtration well Ø0.6m. at the top, Ø1m. at the bottom, up to 2 m high.

Compressor connections

Polymer-sand manhole installations

Soil backfill.

If at the sight this list events, your enthusiasm has not faded, then it's time to watch the proposed video.

How to independently install a wastewater treatment plant will help you video.

The Topas aeration treatment plant, the components of which are used in our ECODIN stations, was invented by Jan Topol, an engineer from the Czech Republic.

The name of the invention, made in 1994, was formed from two components: TOP - the beginning of the name of the engineer and AS - activation system. Wastewater treatment technology is protected by Eurasian and Russian patents.

The use of treatment facilities

ECODIN treatment plants are used to treat domestic wastewater, which is discharged from individual buildings (cottages, summer cottages, country residences and houses) in the absence of a central sewerage system. In this wastewater treatment technology, a biological treatment method is used, which is superior in performance to foreign and Russian counterparts.

Treatment facilities for a private house EKODIN are fully automated. The user only needs to periodically (about once every three months) pump out sludge from the system using simple manipulations.

There is no need to call specialists to clean the septic tank. Autonomous sewerage complies with all sanitary and technical norms and standards established in Russian Federation. This testifies to the high manufacturability and efficiency of TopolWater treatment plants.

Discharge of treated effluents from the septic tank can be made directly to the ground. If the purified water is discharged into nearby streams, reservoirs, etc., installation is required. additional equipment for ultraviolet disinfection and sand filter.

Local treatment stations are supplied complete and ready for installation. It remains only to install the septic tank.

The device of treatment facilities for a private house TopolVater

The "stuffing" of the treatment plant consists of four main compartments. The first compartment is a storage tank in which the primary treatment of discharged effluents is carried out. In the second compartment - the aeration tank, a deeper purification takes place at the biological level. The third tank is a secondary clarifier and the fourth works as an activated sludge stabilizer.

The device is made of three-layer polypropylene, a material that has a long service life. The septic tank is equipped with a vapor-tight cover made of the same material that prevents the spread unpleasant odors. This allows the station to be installed close to residential buildings.

The effluent in the septic tank is treated with active action anaerobic bacteria. The process takes place at the microbiological level and its speed is many times faster than natural decomposition. It is completely safe from an environmental point of view.

After passing through all stages of treatment, wastewater is suitable for use for economic purposes.

The operation of the TopolWater treatment plant does not depend on climatic conditions applications. A sloped pipe will always be dry and therefore not subject to freezing.

Advantages of TopolWater treatment plants:

• silent operation of the treatment plant
• low weight, dimensions and footprint
• easy installation and maintenance
• absence foreign odors when servicing
• high degree cleaning (up to 98%)
• automatic filter cleaning
• alarm
• service life - up to 50 years
• stable operation at any temperature
• resistance to corrosion
• quality components: PEDROLLO pumps and SECOH and HIBLOW compressors
• absolute environmental safety

In addition to this, ECODIN, in comparison with similar biological wastewater treatment systems, is characterized by low cost and minimal cost when servicing.

The unique patented scheme of the treatment plant eliminates emergencies at work. In terms of reliability, ECODIN treatment plants are superior to other, more computerized plants.

To get acquainted with the prices for treatment facilities and buy a septic tank - go to the prices for septic tanks section.

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