Drainage well after septic tank. Drainage septic tank: stages of arranging the drainage field of a septic tank. Filtering drainage well

The use of a septic tank allows you to make a complete for country house where there is no possibility to connect to the central sewerage.

The procedure for installing a septic tank: performing land works, installing a septic tank, backfilling and insulating a septic tank.

The design features of such a septic tank in most cases make it a non-alternative option.

Most often, the choice is made in favor of treatment, and not storage septic tank. The main task is to choose the most best way wastewater treatment, which will be applied in a particular case, taking into account the characteristics of the terrain, soil composition and the capabilities of the owner.

Why is a septic tank drain needed?

All waste that enters the septic tank cannot be completely recycled, and some of it settles to the bottom in the form of a solid fraction. The use of a drainage system allows you to divert the purified liquid into the ground or a reservoir. The use of such a system allows you to clean the septic tank much less frequently.

Each owner is able to make and determines what it will be. It is impossible to completely clean the system from the solid fraction; a certain percentage of light fractions also remains in the purified liquid.

It is necessary for the removal of treated effluents into the soil or through pipes to a nearby reservoir.

Types of systems

Filter well

it simple system, similar in design to the conventional cesspool, which does not have a sealed bottom. Purified liquid flows into this well, after which it is gradually absorbed into the soil.

Such a system is the best option for giving, where the sewer system is used periodically. Another advantage of this design is that it requires a small area for its arrangement.

To understand for this system, you first need to dig a hole. After that, the finished pit must be overlaid, for which brick, reinforced concrete rings, a barrel without a bottom, preferably plastic, are used.

This is the least expensive option, since it is not required to carry out waterproofing of the tank. The pit should be larger than the tank, after its installation, about 50 cm should remain to the surface. To neutralize the effects of soil heaving, the bottom of the tank is covered with sand and gravel, each layer 20 cm thick. It is also necessary to install an additional filter for post-treatment of wastewater.

In order for water to go into the soil better and faster, side walls containers are perforated. To prevent silting of the container through the specified holes between the container and the wall of the pit, expanded clay or gravel is poured.

To clean the container, you must install the lid, as well as ventilation pipe for the possibility of removing the formed gases.

Features of construction work:

• Before draining a septic tank, it is necessary to determine its location. There are rules for the installation of such a structure, and their violation leads not only to conflicts with neighbors, but also entails administrative responsibility;
• before starting work, the required volume of the tank is calculated. It will depend on the characteristics of the soil, the total and one-time amount of effluents;
• if a well is located on the site, then such an installation is not suitable;
• it is necessary to insulate the tank so that it does not freeze in winter.

aeration fields

This field is called the aeration field or the filtration field. Its use allows for additional wastewater treatment by approximately 30-40%. The operation of this system is based on the fact that partially purified liquid from the septic tank pipes go on the territory and sprayed on it.

To lay these pipes, trenches are dug for them, sand mixed with gravel is poured into their bottom, and a fine fraction of crushed stone is poured on top. Perforated pipes are laid on top. Every 5 m of the pipe, a ventilation outlet is installed in it. So that the holes in the pipes do not silt up, they must be wrapped with geotextiles.

Features of the work:

• it is necessary to make such a drainage field during the off-season;
• it is necessary to take into account the fact that the system can be damaged by tree roots or in the process of soil displacement;
• make such a system usually on loams, sandstones or sandy loams;
• the depth of the filter layer should be below the depth of soil freezing;
• the diameter of the pipes and their number is determined depending on the characteristics of the soil and the number of drains;
• the slope of the trench must be the same, otherwise the liquid will be distributed unevenly.

Both of these methods have one drawback - they do not provide complete wastewater treatment. There is a possibility that nearby water bodies or groundwater will be polluted by untreated sewage, which disrupts the ecological situation.

drainage tunnels

Such a system replaces the filtration fields, it has a different name - blocks, it depends on the size of the structure.

The advantages of this system:

• all work is greatly simplified, the volume is reduced earthworks and materials such as sand, gravel, crushed stone and pipes;
• high structural strength, so you can even make a parking lot for a car above it;
• useful area is saved;
• high degree of sewage treatment and high performance of the system;
• rarely serviced.

It is necessary to start building a drainage for a septic tank only after an analysis has been carried out, taking into account the characteristics of the site, the composition of the soil, and the location of neighboring objects.

Country houses are increasingly becoming the object of construction of urban residents. People plan to get out of the bustle of the city for the weekend or vacation time in order to comfortably relax in nature. Amenities of living in modern understanding are not possible without a full-fledged plumbing and sewage system.

To implement construction engineering communications outside the city, where there is no central water supply and sewerage, it is required to make a well, as well as equip a septic tank and drainage tunnels to drain water.

Drilling wells for water supply is carried out by specialized organizations. Installation of a septic tank with a filtration well or a drainage tunnel can be done independently.

What is a septic tank and how does it work?

Drainage system device

A septic tank is a local treatment facility that is used to collect and treat household water.

Septic tanks are made with a sealed body. Basically, they have from 1 to 3 chambers, in which water is purified by settling and biological post-treatment methods.

Septic tanks with bacteria are pumped out less frequently

Septic tanks with bacteria require pumping out on average once every three years. Conventional cesspools must be pumped out every six months.

The required number of chambers, depending on the flow rate of the liquid, can be traced from the table.

№	Type of septic tank	Water consumption per day, m3
1	single chamber	up to 1
2	Double chamber	1 to 10
3	Three-chamber	from 10

Multi-chamber septic tanks allow you to increase the degree of water purification, so it is advisable to use them not only at low flow rates.

Water is drained from the septic tank special facilities for soil cleaning. Such structures are aeration fields, drainage tunnels and filter wells.

The choice of facilities for soil post-treatment will depend on both the flow rate of the liquid and the soil itself. The composition of the earth has an impact on the installation of one or another option.

The degree of water purification at the outlet to the soil can be up to 95%. Passing through a layer of earth, it is additionally filtered and penetrates into ground water already as clean as possible. A septic tank is not a sewage treatment plant full cycle, from which water flows back into the centralized water supply system.

In order for the installation of a septic tank not to harm the environment, and an unpleasant smell does not rise from the ground, it is necessary to select and install according to the technology suitable look treatment facility.

Preparatory work for the installation of a septic tank

Before starting work, you need to make your own project. It is not necessary to create it by drawing each line to the millimeter. From the project it is necessary to understand the general data. The layout of the construction site, as well as to know required amount materials and equipment.

For the scheme, it is required to determine which particular septic tank will be installed, its dimensions and distance from the house. By distance, calculate how many meters of pipe for a septic tank will be required.

At the planning stage, the nature of facilities for soil post-treatment is determined. Whether it will be aeration fields, a drainage tunnel or a drainage well for sewage. Depending on the choice of structure, it is required to determine its location on the site and calculate the materials.

It is advisable to design a straight layout so that the sewer tunnel does not have corners. This will help avoid the installation of additional rotary wells.

It is also important enough to make the septic tank as close to the road as possible so that the hose can easily reach the sewer truck. Straight sections of sewer pipes should not exceed 10-15 m. Otherwise, revision wells should be made in the middle of a long section.

Dig a pit and pipe routes

Work begins with marking the sewer route, as well as a place for installing a septic tank and drainage. Next, a pit and routes for the sewer pipe are dug. A do-it-yourself tunnel created on the site should have a slope from the house towards the septic tank.

With a slope, a route to the drainage well for the septic tank is also made, unless otherwise provided. drainage system sewerage. A septic tank whose drainage well is higher in horizontal level will not be able to drain water.

Septic tank layout

The height of the base depends on the choice of septic tank and the composition of the soil. If screeds or belts are provided for fastening the septic tank, then the embedded parts for them are made together with a monolithic slab.

A septic tank is installed on the prepared base and fastened in the prescribed manner, or without fastening in some cases. Depending on the weight, special equipment may be required for this type of work.

Above the freezing depth, the septic tank must be insulated, after which it is possible to backfill the pit. In order for the loose frame to stand stably in the ground, after backfilling, the ground is shed with water. For a septic tank strapped with straps, it is not necessary to spill water.

After installing the septic tank at an oblique angle, a sewer pipe is laid from the house to the septic tank. The pipe is laid in a prepared trench with a sand cushion, hermetically connected and covered with earth. After that, you can proceed to the installation of structures for soil post-treatment.

The septic tank should be located at a distance of at least 5 m from the house. A properly installed housing should be hermetically sealed without distortions and gaps.

Scheme of the device of absorption fields

Do-it-yourself drainage for a septic tank can be done without the involvement of special equipment if a drain in the drainage field is selected. Do-it-yourself filtration field for a septic tank is made in stages.

1. A layer of rubble is laid in excavated trenches or a shallow pit. Its function is not to perceive the support load, but to filter the water.
2. Porous pipes are laid on the rubble, which make up the aeration field for the septic tank.
3. Pipes are installed at a slope and hermetically connected.
4. On top of the connected porous pipes, another small layer of crushed stone and rolled geotextiles are laid.
5. Produced backfilling soil.

The total height of the field does not exceed one meter, so everyone can do this work.

In another version, soil post-treatment of water can be carried out in a drainage well. From choice wall material depends on how to make a drainage well with your own hands.

Brickwork can be built independently, but it will not work to install reinforced concrete rings without special equipment. Also a good option is a large plastic or metal barrel without bottom.

The order of the well device is as follows.

1. A pillow of sand and gravel is covered in a dug hole.
2. The walls of the well are being built.
3. A sewer pipe runs into the well.
4. The well cover is hermetically installed.

Before choosing what to make a do-it-yourself aerator for a septic tank or a well, you need to know the following. The well is designed for a small volume of liquid. The drainage field for a septic tank can handle a significant volume of water. On the other hand, the well will not take up much space, unlike the filtration field. For more information about the device of the infiltration field for soil post-treatment, see this video:

drainage tunnels

Another type of soil treatment device is the installation of a drainage tunnel.

This method is arranged in the same way as the drainage field, only instead of perforated sewer pipes, hollow longitudinal tanks are installed, which are called infiltrators.

Installing a drainage tunnel allows you to clean the water as much as possible, but the cost of the product is quite high. Each method of soil post-treatment must be performed with one very important condition.

All moisture should go into the ground and in no case should it rise up either in the form of evaporation during warm weather, or together with high groundwater during floods.

in-land.ru

Types of drainage devices

Only a small part Wastewater passing cleaning through the septic tank, settles in the form of solid waste. The main mass in the form of a clarified liquid is discharged into the ground or a nearby reservoir.

Drainage for a septic tank may have different Constructive decisions. The greatest application in suburban construction received three types of drainage system:

1. Filter wells are the simplest drainage option, which is most widely used in the construction of autonomous sewers. Wells are installed with an abundance of flood runoff and deep groundwater.
2. Drainage fields - designed to distribute the liquid flowing from the septic tank through a branched pipeline network. They are effective on sandy loam, loam and sandy soils, as well as in areas with high level groundwater.
3. Drainage tunnels are an advanced drainage method. The interconnected tunnels form underground systems that are capable of receiving "portions" of up to 300 liters at a time.

Of key importance when choosing the type of system is the cost of construction. If you can build a drainage well with your own hands, then to create filtration tunnels you will have to spend a lot on the purchase of special equipment.

The technology of arranging the filter well

The filter well is an engineering structure in the form of an ordinary well with a shaft, only without a bottom. It is installed next to the storage tank, thereby creating a two-chamber treatment system. AT filtration well treated effluent from the storage tank of the septic tank. In the well, they undergo additional filtration and are discharged into the ground.

Important: according to the current SNiP, the bottom of the drainage well must be at least one meter above the groundwater level.

drainage well – best option for arranging an autonomous sewage system for a small country cottage or a house intended for seasonal living. A simple and inexpensive structure that can easily handle small volumes of water. Filter wells can be installed not only on sandy and sandy loamy soils, but also on “problem” areas with moisture-saturated soils.

Digging a pit

To equip the well, they dig a pit 50 cm larger in diameter than the reservoir. Under the well, the daily "portion" of which does not exceed 2 cubic meters, a pit with a diameter of 1.2-1.5 meters and a depth of 1.5-2 meters is sufficient.

The bottom of the pit is leveled and lined with a layer of sand, forming a layer 30-40 cm thick.

The sand or granite "cushion" is designed to increase the filtering capacity of the well and prevent the destruction of the walls of the structure under the action of heaving of the soil during the cold period.

Important! If just below the bottom of the well there is clay soil or loam that does not absorb moisture well, several holes must be drilled in the bottom of the pit.

Walling

The walls of absorption-type drainage wells can be made of different materials. For this purpose, they mainly use:

• moisture resistant brick (used is suitable);
• monolithic reinforced concrete;
• finished plastic tanks;
• production reinforced concrete rings.

The walls of the well are installed on the prepared and leveled base. Brick walls are erected in stages, laying row after row. The blocks are placed not close to each other, so that water will seep not only through the bottom, but also through the walls of the tank. Laying is allowed to be done without mortar.

When using reinforced concrete blanks, the rings are simply installed on the bottom of the pit using a crane-manipulator, fastening the blanks together. At the level of 50-80 cm from the bottom of the tank, the walls are perforated.

Tip: so that the perforation of the walls does not silt, make expanded clay or gravel filling around the circumference of the installed workpiece.

How to install reinforced concrete rings without the use of special equipment is demonstrated in the video:

Warming and ventilation

From above, the well is covered with a shield knocked down from boards, and then sprinkled with crushed stone, gravel or granulated slag.

Insulation of the upper part of the tank will help prevent freezing of the drainage well in winter. For this purpose, foam or mineral wool is used. Heaters are simply laid in the cavity between the outer walls of the tank and the wall of the pit. Wooden panels are used as external insulation.

When arranging a drainage well, as well as the septic tank itself, it is necessary to provide for ventilation.

To do this, a hole is made in the wall of the upper ring for the ventilation pipe. On the outside of the wall, a tee is mounted to the hole at an angle of 45 °, and a PVC pipe with a diameter of 110 mm is connected to it.

The vertical pipe is positioned so that it rises half a meter above the ground. To protect against precipitation entering the pipe cavity, the upper end of the pipe is equipped with a visor.

Video: drainage system from old tires

The drainage system can be built from improvised materials.

How to make drainage in the area of ​​​​tire tires is shown in the video:

Subtleties of installation of filtration fields

Drainage fields are structures made up of a series of pipelines laid in parallel, which are placed in the upper layers of the soil.

Filtration fields can cover an area from several meters to hundreds square meters. The performance of the system directly depends on the length of the installed drains.

Dosing chamber construction

To ensure a uniform influx of wastewater, a dosing chamber is constructed at the outlet of the septic tank. It is a reservoir with a capacity of up to 1 cubic meter. Under its arrangement, you can use the finished plastic container the corresponding volume.

The bottom of the pit is leveled, the tank is immersed in it. To ensure uninterrupted operation of the system, a siphon with a diameter of 100 mm is installed at the outlet of the tank with a knee height of 200 mm. As it fills up, it will self-charge and then self-discharge, supplying the clarified liquid to the distribution pipelines.

Distribution pipeline laying

For the construction of the distribution network of the pipeline, perforated pipes with a diameter of 75-100 mm are used, made of asbestos cement, ceramics or polymer materials. The end of each pipe must be equipped with a ventilation outlet.

For the construction of the system in the allotted area, it is necessary to dig several trenches with a depth below the level of soil freezing. For different climatic zones this figure is different. But in any case, it should be at least half a meter to the surface of the earth.

The bottom of each trench is lined with a filter layer, using gravel or sand for this. The layer thickness should be 20-25 cm. Perforated pipes are laid at the bottom of the trench, the main task of which is to carry out a distributed discharge of water.

Tip: to protect the holes of perforated pipes from silting, wrap them with geotextile before laying the products.

The links of the distribution pipeline are interconnected by means of sewer tee fittings in a checkerboard pattern.

When laying pipes, it is important to maintain a slope of 2% away from the well in order to ensure unhindered gravity flow of wastewater. The trenches with the laid pipes are covered with a layer of gravel. To minimize the risk of damage to the drainage, platforms are laid on top of the trenches. For the same reason, it is forbidden to plant bushes and trees near the places where pipes are laid.

Arrangement of drainage tunnels

Drainage tunnels are more complex structures. They consist of sections 50 cm high, 1.2 meters long and 80 cm wide. standard dimensions can hold up to 300 liters of liquid. As required, the tunnels can be extended by connecting the sections with pipes with a diameter of 100 mm to 300 mm.

The cost of this type of construction is quite high and can significantly affect the family budget. But this durable system, featuring increased performance, will serve well for more than half a century.

The excellent strength characteristics of the prefabricated system make it possible to place a parking lot, a playground, a gazebo for relaxation and any other element of landscape design above it.

Installation technology depends on the type of structure chosen. Traditionally, it includes a number of main stages:

1. Digging drainage tunnels. They dig trenches up to a depth of 2 meters and a width corresponding to the dimensions of the module itself. At the bottom of the trench, a sandy "cushion" 45-50 cm thick is constructed, a 30-cm layer of rubble is lined on top.
2. Installing modules. Modules are installed on a leveled and carefully compacted surface. To prevent perforation silting, the outer walls of the modules are covered with geotextiles.
3. Connection of elements. Elbows installed structures connected to the outlets from the septic tank and alternately connected to each other, not forgetting to put on the end caps.
4. Ventilation installation. Ventilation outlets are installed in special openings of finished structures. Air vents lead to ground level.

Tip: Geogrids are recommended to be installed over drainage tunnels to hold the soil and evenly distribute the load.

Anyone who has at least a little knowledge of basic construction skills will cope with the work. The main thing is to approach the solution of the issue with all responsibility. With a competent approach, it will not be difficult to build a reliable and durable drainage for a septic tank with your own hands, which will ensure the uninterrupted functioning of an autonomous sewage system.

stroy-aqua.com

Why is a septic tank drain needed?

Almost all septic tanks operate according to one simple scheme, the optimality of which is beyond doubt: during the period of wastewater processing, the septic tanks accumulate solid particles, but the purified water is discharged into the soil layer through the drainage system. At correct installation, as well as connecting the system of indoor units, cleaning is carried out so well that the water becomes suitable for technical and irrigation needs. If the septic tank is installed incorrectly, then troubles will follow: a bad smell, harmful elements entering the soil, silting of drainage wells, an increased risk of diseases by contaminating the soil, and due to plants, water, various infections.

Risks remain even in the case when the water is not discharged correctly, does not go into the ground at a certain depth, so the liquid coming from the septic tank must be cleaned as much as possible, for which there is drainage for the septic tank.

Drainage for a septic tank: wells, aeration fields, tunnels

The device of the drainage system differs in volume and ability to drain fluid. The presence of several types of device helps to choose for yourself the least expensive in terms of financial, time and power investments. For example, if a well can be made from improvised materials, then tunnels require special materials for assembly and installation. Investments will bring tangible results, but is it worth spending when country house used only a third of the year? Therefore, it is worth considering all the options and figuring out how and what you can do with your own hands.

Filtering drainage well

The design is similar to a conventional cesspool, but has differences: the flow of treated effluents from the septic tank for additional filtration and subsequent outflow into the ground. This drainage for septic tanks is ideal for small households, cottages. A well for a septic tank can be quickly and easily made with your own hands without investing money. There is only one drawback - the system copes only with a small volume.

Important! A filtering well, as a drainage for septic tanks, can be equipped on problematic soils.

How to make a drain for a septic tank:

1. Dig a hole;
2. Equip the pit, for example, by laying bricks along the walls, leaving small gaps between the elements for perforation and gaps that are not covered with mortar. Such a measure will allow the system to work not only by removing water through the bottom, but also through the walls;
3. Connect the drainage well to the septic tank with a pipe and begin operation.

An even simpler drainage for a septic tank is obtained from iron concrete ring without bottom. The water holes are filled, the hose is removed and the installation is ready for operation. And a very common way of a drainage well is to install a large plastic barrel with holes for water to exit into the pit. Experts advise weighting the bottom of the barrel with fine gravel and sand. In addition to stability, the "anchor" will contribute to better cleansing liquid and sediment retention.

Important! Aeration field, filtration field - all names describe one drainage treatment plant that helps to divert treated effluents into the ground.

Aeration field: do-it-yourself device

For the construction of the system, a large amount of earthwork will be required. Also needed are plastic corrugated pipes equipped with perforations, which ensure the dispersion of effluents from the septic tank to a sufficient area of ​​​​the site. Installation requirements:

• The depth of embedment of pipes should be no closer than 1 meter from the aquifer;
• The dimensions of the pipe are selected taking into account the volume of processed water;
• The drainage line should be laid out with a slope that ensures the gravity flow of drains from the septic tank. The average value is 5-10 mm / 1 linear meter. When arranging a filtration field of a large area, branches are formed every 5-7 meters;
• Separate lines end with a riser brought to the surface;
• Arrangement of filtration fields is designed for light soils;
• The total depth of laying the system should not be higher than the level of soil freezing;
• A layer of filter material is required: crushed granite is ideal.

Important! Sandy soils that are prone to erosion require covering the filter material with geotextiles.

Drainage tunnels - alternative, but expensive

The tunnels have few design features, but it is worth giving preference to the system only if it is planned to process large volumes of liquid! The tunnels are characterized by a large cross section, which guarantees high speed filtration, also the pluses include increased strength, which allows you to mount the system even under parking lots and walkways for pedestrians with high traffic.

As you can see, it is much more difficult and costly to build an aeration field and tunnels than a well. But if the area is large or there is a high load on the ground, then you can’t do without such structures. Experts do not advise taking on aeration fields and tunnels without consultation, and it is better to do it by professionals. But what you can do with your own hands is drainage for a septic tank through a well.

1. No need to spend money on waterproofing materials, they are not needed here. On the contrary, the better and more evenly the water will leave, the easier to use system and its cleaning.
2. The well cannot be installed in a site where there are problems with a high level of the ground aquifer. It is best to go even below the clay layers so that the drains pass through the most thorough filtration;
3. A thin (200 mm) layer of coarse-grained sand or a sand-gravel mixture (small fraction) laid on the bottom of the well will allow to avoid heaving of the soil, clean the drains as much as possible and achieve better absorption;
4. The perforation of the walls must be carried out correctly: not lower than 500-800 mm from the bottom level, so that the water comes out evenly;
5. To avoid perforation silting, it is necessary to cover the circumference of the barrel or ring with expanded clay, medium fraction gravel;
6. High-quality ventilation, waterproofing of the upper part of the drainage well, insulation of the top - all these requirements are required for the uninterrupted functionality of the system. It will be correct to install a removable type cover on the structure in order to have access to the inside;
7. Calculating the parameters, respectively, the volume of water discharge, determining the location for the drainage well are the priority tasks that need to be addressed before the start of construction.

And some knowledge for those who decide to install drainage tunnels

The expenditure part of the design is large, however, following the tips, you can slightly reduce costs:

1. The depth of the trench is modular size and plus half a meter, the total depth of the pit is 2 meters. The bottom is lined with 500 mm of sand, then 300 mm of gravel, the pillow is compacted and only then the module is installed. The method will help to avoid the cost of geotextiles or other expensive filter materials;
2. For non-silting modules, you can use geotextiles (cover), or you can use fine-grained expanded clay;
3. After all, the system is covered with crushed stone of the middle fraction, without sealing the holes for the outlet of the ventilation pipes;
4. It remains to add a layer to the level of the soil. Not worth taking expensive formulations, it is enough to make a mixture of earth and sand. In some cases, a geogrid will be required.

Finally

How to make a device for cleaning wastewater from a septic tank, only the owner can choose. Calculate your strengths correctly, because it is not always necessary to invest large finances in order to get the desired result. In a private household, pipes and filtration fields are not as appropriate as an ordinary well made from a barrel. Wherein simple drainage for a septic tank it will work no worse than the best examples of industrial production. The main thing is to choose the right place, mount, connect, and put it into operation. If you don’t have any skills, you can always turn to manufacturers who offer excellent designs for drainage of any septic tanks.

vodakanazer.ru

Types of systems

Filter well

This is a simple system, in its design reminiscent of a conventional cesspool, which does not have a sealed bottom. Purified liquid flows into this well, after which it is gradually absorbed into the soil.

Such a system is the best option for giving, where the sewer system is used periodically. Another advantage of this design is that it requires a small area for its arrangement.

To understand how to make drainage for this system, you first need to dig a hole. After that, the finished pit must be overlaid, for which brick, reinforced concrete rings, a barrel without a bottom, preferably plastic, are used.

This is the least expensive option, since it is not required to carry out waterproofing of the tank. The pit should be larger than the tank, after its installation, about 50 cm should remain to the surface. To neutralize the effects of soil heaving, the bottom of the tank is covered with sand and gravel, each layer 20 cm thick. It is also necessary to install an additional filter for post-treatment of wastewater.

In order for the water to drain better and faster into the soil, the side walls of the container are made perforated. To prevent silting of the container through the specified holes between the container and the wall of the pit, expanded clay or gravel is poured.

In order to clean the container, it is necessary to install a cover, as well as a ventilation pipe to be able to remove the formed gases.

Features of construction work:

• Before draining a septic tank, it is necessary to determine its location. There are rules for the installation of such a structure, and their violation leads not only to conflicts with neighbors, but also entails administrative responsibility;
• before starting work, the required volume of the tank is calculated. It will depend on the characteristics of the soil, the total and one-time amount of effluents;
• if a well is located on the site, then the installation of such a wastewater treatment system is not suitable;
• it is necessary to insulate the tank so that it does not freeze in winter.

aeration fields

This field is called the aeration field or the filtration field. Its use allows for additional wastewater treatment by approximately 30-40%. The operation of this system is based on the fact that partially purified liquid from the septic tank goes through the pipes through the territory and is sprayed over it.

To lay these pipes, trenches are dug for them, sand mixed with gravel is poured into their bottom, and a fine fraction of crushed stone is poured on top. Perforated pipes are laid on top. Every 5 m of the pipe, a ventilation outlet is installed in it. So that the holes in the pipes do not silt up, they must be wrapped with geotextiles.

Features of the work:

• it is necessary to make such a drainage field during the off-season;
• it is necessary to take into account the fact that the system can be damaged by tree roots or in the process of soil displacement;
• make such a system usually on loams, sandstones or sandy loams;
• the depth of the filter layer should be below the depth of soil freezing;
• the diameter of the pipes and their number is determined depending on the characteristics of the soil and the number of drains;
• the slope of the trench must be the same, otherwise the liquid will be distributed unevenly.

Both of these methods have one drawback - they do not provide complete wastewater treatment. There is a possibility that nearby water bodies or groundwater will be polluted by untreated sewage, which disrupts the ecological situation.

drainage tunnels

Such a system replaces the filtration fields, it has a different name - blocks, it depends on the size of the structure.

The advantages of this system:

• all work is greatly simplified, the volume of earthworks and materials such as sand, gravel, crushed stone and pipes is reduced;
• high structural strength, so you can even make a parking lot for a car above it;
• useful area is saved;
• high degree of sewage treatment and high performance of the system;
• rarely serviced.

It is necessary to start building a drainage for a septic tank only after an analysis has been carried out, taking into account the characteristics of the site, the composition of the soil, and the location of neighboring objects.

masterseptika.ru

Why is septic tank drainage necessary?

Most septic tanks operate according to a fairly simple scheme, but it is optimal and effective only if all indoor units and elements of the system are properly installed and connected. During the processing of wastewater, a certain amount of them accumulates in the septic tanks, which settles to the bottom in the form particulate matter, and is converted to ill. Perhaps this is due to the factors described by us in previous articles, where we talked about the work of septic tanks.

The settled part remains in the tank, and the purified water is discharged into the ground through the drainage system. It is worth noting that with high-quality water purification, it can reach very high degree purity, but a certain part of the pollution still remains in it. If the water is not purified, it will go into the ground in a rather undesirable form, as a result of which not only unpleasant odors develop in the vicinity of VOCs, but also the risk of diseases through infection with various infections increases.

There are also risks if such water is discharged incorrectly and is not absorbed into the ground at a certain depth. Of course, one can object to this, because there are many cases where water is diverted into ditches and rivers. But this is only until summer residents have paid huge fines for environmental pollution. Otherwise, this fact must be recorded and resolved, and the water from the septic tank must be purified as much as possible.

Drainage systems for a septic tank

Drainage systems differ mainly in the ability to remove a certain volume of treated wastewater. Naturally, the system could be one, but the creation of several gave us the necessary choice. Therefore, we are confident that in the near future several more innovative methods of water drainage are expected, which will be severely criticized, as well as studied and tested by summer residents and craftsmen.

In fact, this is an alternative for each of us also in terms of finances. For example, if a drainage well can be made independently and from improvised materials, then for drainage tunnels it will be necessary to seriously invest in special materials for assembling this system. Naturally, all investments will bring a certain result, but this is clearly not necessary for summer residents who visit the site only a couple of times a week. So, let's look at all the drainage systems we have indicated for a septic tank in more detail, and also focus on the features of the systems and the recommendations of specialists.

Filtering drainage well

This structure is similar to a cesspool, but with certain differences. Treated effluents from the septic tank come here, which are additionally filtered and go into the ground.

The variant can be called best solution for giving. It is simple, inexpensive, copes with small volumes of water (for more serious volumes, it is better to use other facilities), and can be installed even on soils with partial problems.

Which is good, and the drainage well practically does not take up space, and therefore, if you small plot, then there is nothing to worry about.

How to make a drainage well with your own hands?

There are no problems in the construction of a drainage well, and for summer residents who have been with us for a long time, they were engaged in even more serious construction, and even more so.

You need to dig a hole and properly equip the pit. There are several options for arranging such a well, and all of them are affordable.

You can immediately stop at a used brick, which is laid in a circle of a pit, near the walls. Perforations are left between the bricks, gaps without mortar, so that water can escape not only through the bottom, but also through the walls.

You can make the drainage well easier - install a reinforced concrete ring in the pit, in which you can also fill holes to drain water. A similar option is to install a large plastic barrel bottomless in a hole.

• Don't waste your money on waterproofing. Here it is not needed, and on the contrary, it will suit us when the water evenly goes into the ground.
• The drainage well is installed in the area of ​​the site where there are no problems with a high level of groundwater. It is also recommended to set the depth of the structure below the clay layer.
• For better water absorption, elimination of problems with heaving of the soil, as well as for maximum post-treatment, a layer of coarse sand and gravel, 20 cm each, is laid on the bottom of the well.
• Perforation is made at a level of 50-80 cm from the bottom, water will also go through it.
• So that the perforation does not silt up, expanded clay or the same gravel is sprinkled around the circumference of the installed barrel or concrete ring.
• Be sure to think about the correct choice of location - away from residential buildings, a well, a well. Also, do not violate the law with your construction.
• It is necessary to accurately calculate all the parameters of the structure, which must correspond to the amount of water discharged.
• You will also need waterproofing and insulation of the upper part of the drainage well, high-quality ventilation.
• It is important to install a removable cover on the well, which will give access to the inside.

Drainage system from old tires (video)

Do-it-yourself aeration fields

The principle of operation of filtration fields for a septic tank is the distribution of purified water over a certain area. Properly made aeration fields clean up effluents, and according to some information, by another 20-40%. This is very good result, which means that you do not pollute the soil of your own summer cottage with a similar system.

Building filtering fields is quite simple. To do this, you need to dig several trenches, under the number of pipes-branches from the septic tank. Next, fill these trenches with sand and gravel, creating a 20 cm cushion over all of them. After that, install perforated pipes over the trenches, which will produce a distributed discharge of water.

There are many opinions of masters on installing drainage systems, but we have chosen the most significant of them:

• For aeration fields, plastic perforated pipes are used, at the edge of each of which a ventilation outlet is necessarily installed.
• To prevent perforation from silting, the pipes are wrapped with geotextiles, backfilled with gravel, and special load-bearing platforms are built.
• The system is laid in an unused place in the country house so that it does not interfere with the plants with an increased amount of water in the territory, and the plants do not spoil the system with their roots.
• The whole system is assembled with obligatory attention to the requirements of the septic tank and the discharge of water, as well as depending on the characteristics of the soil. By the way, the system is being built on sandy loams, loams and sandstones, always below the freezing level.
• For laying pipes, the same slope is selected and set, for the correct distribution of water.

drainage tunnels

Drainage tunnels or blocks are already a newer and more modern system, which is designed for cottages and recreation areas with a larger format. The thing is that for this replacement, the filtering fields no longer need a separate place with mandatory requirements.

Due to the characteristics of the prefabricated system, over the drainage tunnels, you can even install a gazebo, a parking area in the country, deploy the original landscape construction, the same rocker.

But it’s worth noting right away that along with the advantages of the system in terms of work quality, strength and durability, its cost should also be immediately considered. It seems average and acceptable, but for many it can also be a serious cut from the budget. Therefore, when studying the possibility of installing filtration tunnels in the country, immediately pay attention to the price.

Advantages of the drainage tunnel system

• We can say that this is a fairly durable system that is installed once and for many years.
• The overall design has increased strength, due to which the territory on top of the system can be used to good use.
• Truly improved performance so you don't have to worry about the number of resets.

Few people worked with drainage tunnels, since this system not suitable for all costs. More often, drainage wells or even just cesspools are installed instead of a septic tank. But if you want to install just such a system on the site, then we will give you some tips:

• It is highly desirable to install drainage tunnels to a greater depth. Often this happens as follows - a trench is dug with dimensions for the module, plus 40-50 cm on each side. The depth of the pit is about 2 m. 50 cm of sand are laid on its bottom, then 30 cm of rubble, and only then the module is installed, preferably on an already compacted surface.
• The modules are installed on a finished pillow and connected both to each other and to the leads from the septic tank.
• To prevent perforation from silting up, the modules are covered with geotextiles.
• Further, the system is sprinkled with rubble, and ventilation outlets are installed in special holes.
• It remains only to add a layer to the level of the soil. This is done with a mixture of earth and sand. Also, in many cases, in order to make the surface exploitable, a geogrid is laid, which we talked about in several articles on the site.

We would like to note the fact that this information is general and may partially change when choosing a particular system, as well as in combination with a septic tank installed in the country. It is highly desirable to consult on the choice of drainage for a septic tank and with specialists at the place of purchase of VOCs, because each treatment plant has its own characteristics.

When installing a septic tank in the country or personal plot near a private house, you have to decide where to put the purified water. The option with constant pumping threatens with serious expenses for the sewers and the storage tank big size. It is much more profitable to make a drainage well for a septic tank with your own hands and just let the moisture go into the ground. There are several designs of such drainages, which allows you to choose the best option for any level of groundwater.

There are several types treatment facilities, which are used for the disposal of sewage from the sewerage of a country house, ranging from a banal cesspool to complex installations of deep biological treatment. But in most cases, private traders use one or another version of the septic tank.

Drainage well interior

The processing of sewage in the local treatment system (VOC) takes place in three stages:

1. Clarification (primary filtration).
2. Fermentation with the decomposition of organic matter present in sewage.
3. Removal of purified water (pumping or drainage).

The best option is three different tanks for each stage. In the first, heavy fractions are precipitated, in the second, microorganisms eat organic matter, and the third serves as a reservoir of purified water for pumping or draining it into the ground. Each container has its own process, and as a result, the owners are spared from sewage.

Without drainage, “clean” technical water will have to be constantly pumped out either independently or with the help of sewage equipment, otherwise the septic tank will quickly overflow. If there is a drainage well, the moisture itself will drain into the ground. It is only necessary to correctly select the design and calculate its volume.

Important! In order for the drainage block of the septic tank to work properly, it must be correctly calculated in terms of volume and power.

Drainage of treated water from a septic tank can be done using:

• wells made of concrete, brick or plastic;
• infiltrator;
• aeration fields.

The first option for post-treatment is more familiar and simple, but it should be equipped only in areas with groundwater below four meters. Otherwise, the drainage well will not cope with the task, it is simply impossible to drain water into water.

Calculation of the volume of the drainage tank

To calculate the drainage for a septic tank, you must first determine the volume of the first treatment tank. This capacity is selected based on the number of people living in a private house and their daily water consumption.

For a family of up to four people, VOC is recommended to be done with the first sump of six hundred liters (200 l / day, multiplied by three). This should be enough. In turn, the volume of the drainage well for the septic tank must accommodate three volumes of this sump.

However, powerful drainage with a large reservoir is needed only in swampy or loamy areas where the drainage rate is low. In practice, the drainage structure is most often installed with a capacity of 900-1200 liters, i.e. at the rate of two volumes of a septic tank.

Do-it-yourself installation of drainage for a septic tank

Simplistically, drainage structures are a tank without a bottom immersed in the ground, the water from which goes through a gravel filter into the ground. It can be either a classic well or its horizontal counterpart (an infiltrator) or a large infiltration field of many drain pipes. All drainage structures can be bought ready-made or made by hand from various building materials.

Classic well design

A filtering drainage well for a septic tank is a kind of ordinary cesspool. Only treated wastewater enters it. The post-treatment efficiency of this design is high, but only on sandy soils. If there are clays on the site, then you will have to dig a hole for drainage deeper than the clay layer. Otherwise, the water will not go into the soil.

Important! The drainage well will function normally only if its bottom is located below the clay layer.

Diagram of a septic tank with a drainage well made of reinforced concrete rings

A well structure with drainage can be made from:

• bricks;
• tires;
• reinforced concrete rings;
• polymers (finished plastic cases).

The first option will last the least. Brickwork under the influence of water will certainly begin to collapse, but it can be repaired quite easily. Old car tires are cheap and easy to install. However, if the rubber corrodes, then it will be almost impossible to repair the well, it will have to be completely redone.

Reinforced concrete rings are durable and widespread due to their low cost. But they are heavy and require a crane to install them. plastic product is the most expensive in this line. But it can be mounted even alone without the involvement of lifting equipment.

The classic sewer system of a country house: two sealed containers and drainage

The technology for installing a drainage well for a septic tank is as follows:

1. A pit is dug 3–5 meters deep and wide to fit the size of the structure to be installed.
2. At the bottom of the pit, a crushed stone filter 30–50 cm thick is formed.
3. The walls of the well are mounted.
4. The sewer pipe input from the house is connected.
5. The structure is covered with a lid.
6. The soil is backfilled.

The lid must have a hatch so that you can inspect the well and, as necessary, perform its maintenance. From above, the tank must be sprinkled with soil for half a meter, otherwise the drains in it will freeze in winter before they go into the ground. If the frosts are severe, then it is better to additionally insulate the drainage well together with the septic tank with expanded polystyrene plates.

Infiltrator - horizontal well

If groundwater is close to the surface, then well drainage is ineffective. It is necessary to install an infiltrator, which structurally resembles a half pipe laid horizontally. On top of the body, and below instead of the bottom, an extensive drainage filter made of crushed stone.

The infiltration post-treatment device can:

1. Purchase in the form of a ready-made kit from the factory.
2. Make your own from large corrugated pipes from plastic.

The finished product will cost more, but it is easy to install.

For a large family, you will have to equip a powerful infiltrator

According to the cubature, the infiltrator is selected so as to accommodate three volumes of the septic tank. Factory designs are sold with a capacity of 200 liters or more, there should be no problems with choosing a model.

The installation technology is similar to the process of installing a drainage well. Only taking into account that the structure is located horizontally, and not vertically. It is necessary to dig a shallow pit of 1–1.5 meters, make a crushed stone pillow 30–40 cm at its bottom and install the infiltrator body on it. Next, a house sewer pipe is connected to it and everything is sprinkled with soil.

Infiltration field - a network of drainage pipes

The field of filtration or aeration is carried out in the form of a system of pipelines with perforation, which are laid on a gravel pad. During the operation of this volumetric infiltrator, a distributed discharge of water occurs.

Pipes for the aeration field are taken from plastic with many holes in the body, thanks to which moisture seeps first into the crushed stone filter, and then into the soil. So that the holes are not clogged with silt, the pipelines are wrapped in needle-punched geotextiles. And for uninterrupted operation at the far ends of the septic tank, ventilation pipes are removed.

Scheme of a septic tank with an infiltration field

The infiltration system of pipes takes up a lot of space. So that the area above it is not empty, it will be necessary to select moisture-loving plants for planting on this land. Most varieties of vegetables, berries, as well as fruit trees quickly rot on the ground with a constant high humidity.

The process of laying drainage for a septic tank in the form of an infiltration field is identical to the progress of the installation of an infiltrator. Only in this case the gravel filter pad will be larger.

The choice of material for the filter: gravel or crushed stone

The most frost-resistant and durable crushed stone is granite or dolomite. The gravel version looks the same, but it is made by crushing round gravel, which has a loose structure inside. The filter from it will crumble in ten years and you will have to pour it out again.

A septic tank with a drainage well is a necessary system for every cottage and private house

In many ways, the choice between gravel and crushed stone when constructing a septic tank drainage well depends on the availability and cheapness of the material in a particular area. It is recommended to use crushed stone with a fraction of 2–4 cm. A larger stone is heavy, and it will be difficult to throw it with a shovel. And smaller fractions are compressed and will not let water through.

Video: septic tank device with aeration field

Drainage for a septic tank in the form of a well or an infiltration device with their own hands can be done by almost any amateur private trader with minimal skills. Difficulties during installation should not arise, the main thing is to properly arrange the crushed stone filter and correctly calculate the volume of all tanks.

When installing an autonomous treatment plant in a country house or a personal plot, you need a reliable and convenient reservoir into which purified water will go. In this case, the owners of private houses and cottages face the task of arranging a drainage well for a septic tank. Let us consider in more detail what types there are, how drainage wells are arranged and how they function.

There are two types of them:

• storage - the bottom in these wells is sealed, so the collected water is pumped out drainage pump, distilling into natural or man-made reservoirs, then to use it on the farm. This type of well is optimal for areas with increased GWL or soils with low moisture conductivity (clays and loams). Usually they are arranged at the lowest point of the site, equipped with a pump and covered with geotextile materials.
• absorption, or filtering - unlike the first variety, a layer of drainage material is poured at the bottom of these wells, so the incoming water does not accumulate, but gradually seeps into the soil. Such wells are large in size - one and a half meters in diameter, three meters deep, half a meter of drainage embankment at the bottom, on top, as for the well of the first type, a geotextile coating is provided.

Materials from which a drainage well can be made

• reinforced concrete rings - one of the most durable and durable materials. Since these concrete products are produced in a wide range of sizes, they can be used in various areas. When constructing a well, the rings are installed one on top of the other and treated with waterproofing mastic. The most significant drawback, however, is their heavy weight, so you have to resort to the services of construction equipment.
• plastic - no less reliable and durable, but much lighter and cheap material. You can make a drainage well for a septic tank yourself using plastic pipes, reinforced with stiffeners, or purchase a ready-made plastic case for the well, which is supplemented with outlet pipes and is easily mounted in a pre-prepared pit. However, its price exceeds even the cost of buying reinforced concrete rings. More economical option become PVC pipes.
• brick is an expensive material, and the creation of a well from it requires the participation of professional builders, therefore drainage structures made of bricks have not become so widespread.

Drainage well device

This procedure consists of the following steps:

• the place where the drainage well will be located is determined. In accordance with the requirements of SanPiN, it must be located at least five meters from the foundation of the house and at a distance of 50 meters from the fence site drinking water(if it is fed from the upper aquifers). Also, when laying a well, it is necessary to determine the boundary depth marks - the level of soil freezing and the level of groundwater passage.
• after all the necessary calculations have been completed, a pit for the well and trenches for supply pipes are dug, and if necessary, geotextiles can be laid along the bottom of the trenches and formwork can be mounted under the well shaft.
• in the walls of the well, it is necessary to make holes for the inlet pipes (taking into account their diameter), and also to perforate the well shaft at a height of at least half a meter for a uniform water outlet (for filtration wells).
• depending on the type of well, a concrete pad is either prepared under it (for storage wells), or a layer of drainage material (coarse sand or gravel) is laid, after which the well is immersed in the pit.
• pipes are connected and the joints are sealed, after which the well and pipes are backfilled with a crushed stone-sand mixture (and to prevent silting of the perforation, the circumference of the shaft is sprinkled with expanded clay). Then the structure is covered with geotextile, and a hatch with a hinged lid is mounted in it.
• for maximum post-treatment of clarified water, it is recommended to equip the well with an aerator so that the effluents are treated similarly to their treatment in aerobic septic tanks.

The implementation of all these works, which can be partially done on your own, will allow you to organize a convenient and reliable system drainage from the septic tank, freeing your site from the threat of waterlogging.

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The construction of a house on a suburban area is often accompanied by a wide variety of problems. Among the most common difficulties are complications associated with the laying of communication networks. Such tasks are not always painless to solve even in the city, and outside of it everything becomes much more difficult. But any homeowner wants absolutely all systems in his house, including the provision of water, heat, electricity and sewerage.

Of course, all work must be carried out in right order: any owner understands that life support systems are much more important than some additional features. It is worth starting the laying of systems with heating, especially if winter is already close. There is quite a large number of options for creating heating system, and all of them are covered in other articles on this site. The topic of this review will be installation sewer system in country houses and all the nuances that arise when creating a local autonomous sewage system.

Do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house

Plumbing and sewerage are systems that are closely intertwined. If there is a water line connected, part of the problem goes away immediately. If the ability to connect to central system missing, then you can create a well that will provide the house with water. This option is also good because it can be improved by installing a pump that allows you to distribute water throughout the site.

With sewage, everything is a little more complicated, and the main difficulty lies in choosing the most suitable design sewer system. The sewerage device itself is not very complicated, so all the work can be done independently. To create a local sewage system, you will need a pit, and it can be used both directly as a waste collection tank and as a place for installation finished construction septic tank.

Creating a drainage field for a septic tank

The proper functioning of the sewage system directly depends on the quality of the construction and installation work. For this you need the right way treat the cesspool. The simplest processing option would be to install a plastic septic tank in a dug hole. Practice shows that the optimal shape for the pit is cylindrical, and the depth should be within two meters. If you install drainage from a septic tank into a pit without a bottom, then the design will provide natural filtration of sewage, because all the liquid, after being cleaned, will fall into the soil, where it will no longer bother anyone.

Exists important point, which must always be taken into account when pumping out a pit: a complete pumping out will not only not contribute to the operation of the system, but will also worsen it. The fact is that when pumping out all the effluents, the system becomes empty, and soil water immediately rushes into it, thereby reducing the drainage effect. It is possible to improve drainage in the septic tank at the sewerage construction stage by filling the bottom of the pit with a layer of sand and gravel.

Drainage septic tank the good thing is that it can be subjected to various modifications, making it possible to increase the performance of the structure. One of these points is that the effluents that enter a simple septic tank are processed naturally, so the speed of their processing is low, and the quality of treatment is at an average level. To improve system performance, special biobacteria are usually used.

The use of bacteria contained in biological products is a fairly popular option when improving sewerage. Once in a liquid medium, microorganisms begin to multiply, feeding on waste. As a result, the runoff is cleaned and reduced in volume, turning into bottom silt. The rest of the water goes into the ground.

The sludge left in the pit after processing can be used as fertilizer. If necessary, it can be used to colonize other sewer systems with bacteria: microorganisms are able to hold out for some time and survive transportation, and once in a suitable environment, they will immediately begin to multiply. The only condition that must be met is mandatory: you need to leave some sludge in your septic tank to ensure further work autonomous sewerage.

There is another type of sewer system design that is in great demand. The device of the system involves the installation of an additional tank near the main tank, and if in the previous design the septic tank did not have a bottom, then in this case both tanks must be airtight. The first septic tank will carry out the function of collecting and processing waste, and the second will contain industrial water formed as a result of the work of bacteria. To ensure the functioning of the system, septic tanks must be located at different depths so that water can freely overflow from one container to another. If the tanks are at the same level, then the system will have to be additionally equipped with an overflow pump.

Water from the second septic tank can be obtained in any way. Most often, a pump is used that pumps out water automatically and sends it to the site, providing watering to the vegetation. Often found and manual version pumping, allowing you to get water using buckets. We must not forget that industrial water is completely unsuitable for drinking, cooking or washing dishes.

As can be seen from everything written above, create a drainage for a septic tank with your own hands and do everything construction works can be done without any problems, especially if you have minimal experience in construction.

Laying drainage pipes

To create a drainage field for a septic tank, you can use another method.

Its implementation will require the following materials and tools:

• shovels;
• perforated pipes with diameters of 10-12 mm;
• sand;
• gravel.

First, a suitable site is selected on which the drainage system for the septic tank will be installed.

Here you need to comply with a number of conditions that are specified in the relevant regulatory documents:

• the distance from the water source should be more than 30 m;
• the distance from the trees should be at least 3 m;
• maximum length fields can be within 25 m, and the width is 1.5 m;
• Vehicles should be banned from the area.

When the site is selected, a hole is dug with a depth of about 1-1.2 m. A layer of sand and gravel is poured into the bottom of the hole, on which pipes must be laid: two long pipes will be located along the length of the site, and two short pipes across.

Do-it-yourself drainage from a septic tank made in this way is a closed system. The ends of the pipes must have holes for drains (read: ""). Technical openings must be located along the entire length of the structure, and their height and dimensions must be different in order to drainage pipe diverted all drains to the septic tank. Do not forget that after cleaning a considerable amount of technical fluid appears, so it needs to be used in advance. Most owners of suburban areas use this liquid for irrigation, but if this is not necessary, then the water will simply go into the soil.

Conclusion

All the works described are classified as simple, so the application of special forces is not required: it is enough to strictly follow the instructions and correctly measure the exact indicators - and the drainage septic tank will work for a long time, reliably and efficiently. Using additional funds that improve system performance, you can achieve an even greater effect.