Pump for watering the garden - choose the best option from those offered. Features of a well without pumping equipment Water pump from a river

On your own piece of land, first of all, you need to take care of providing it with water for irrigation, drinking and other needs. To do this, it is enough that a well is built, and from it it will always be possible to extract the required amount of necessary moisture at any time of the year. But to lift the liquid, as you know, you need a pump that runs on electricity. But what if the site is far from civilization, and there is no electricity on it? In this case, you can do without a pump, using other methods. These methods will now be discussed.

Well types

Drilling wells can be of two types: sand and artesian. The first type has another name - a filter well. It is drilled to the nearest aquifer in sandy soil. The depth can reach 30 meters, and the width casing pipe can be about 13 cm. The peculiarity of the structure of such a source is that on the walls of the pipe strainer. To extract water from it, a deep or surface unit is required. It can last up to 15 years. But the service life primarily depends on the depth of the aquifer and on how intensively it is used.

The second type is an artesian well. The water in it is extracted from a great depth, it can reach a 200-meter mark. It has increased productivity and high quality water. It serves much longer than the first type - more than 50 years. Accordingly, a more powerful apparatus should be used to raise moisture to the surface. To drill such a hole, a permit from the local government is required.

Is it possible to get water from these wells without using an electric pump? Yes, it is quite possible, and from mines of both types. But it is important to take into account several nuances. A lot depends on handheld devices, which will be applied in this case. Usually they do not give enough pressure at a depth of more than 30 meters. Therefore, such a system is relevant mainly for a sandy well. But first, let's figure out how it is possible to raise liquid from such a structure without a pump, and what is needed for this.

Extraction of water by air pressure

This unusual way perfect for extracting water from a mine without a pump. That is, you can use any manual hose pump that works without electricity. Making such a system is quite simple. First you need to completely seal the top of the well. 2 holes are made in it: a hose from the pump is inserted into one, a pipe for water supply is inserted into the second. When working with such a device, pressure is created in the mine, which pushes the liquid out.

If the air pressure entering the mine is powerful, then it is quite possible to do without an electric pump. But at the same time, it should be taken into account that such pressure will push water not only up, but also down, into aquifer. What this is fraught with will be described below. This method can be used in conjunction with standard approaches. It is especially relevant if the pressure in the pit is not strong enough, even for an electric pump.

Extraction of water by hydraulic ramming

It's another one non-standard way water extraction without a pump: in this case, a hydraulic ram is used - a device designed to mechanically lift fluid from any well, even an artesian one.

Such a device works on energy obtained from the flow of water. By raising the water to a great height and lowering it down, the liquid is pushed up. This design consists of the following components:

baffle valve;

return valve;

supply pipe;

outlet pipe;

air cap.

By opening and closing the valves in a certain sequence, the fluid circulates. It accelerates along the supply pipe and a water hammer is created, displacing the liquid out into the outlet pipe. Such a device is difficult to make on your own, but it is easy to purchase. And this will be the most correct solution for areas where there is no electricity.

Important Points

When extracting water by increasing the pressure inside the mine, several important factors must be taken into account. First, it takes into account geological structure the area where the well is located.

Also important is the debit of the mine for the extraction of liquid from the earth and the productivity of the aquifer.

And, of course, the depth of the aquifer is taken into account.

If all this is not taken into account, then due to excess pressure, the well may fail. Simply put, the liquid from the aquifer will stop flowing into the mine. This is due to the fact that the air formed inside will push almost all the water down, pressing it into the ground. Therefore, the air supply must be optimal. It should only be enough to push the water out and not create excess pressure.

Stable watering is the key to getting bountiful harvest from garden beds. If on rainy days the weather takes care of the plants, then in the hot months the gardeners themselves have to solve it, using buckets and watering cans for this. Helps make work easier pumping equipment.

The market offers various pumps for watering the garden and it is difficult to buy a suitable model, isn't it? We will help you navigate the range of equipment, tell you about the features of various modifications and give step by step algorithm choice based on the analysis of the characteristics of the aggregates.

In addition, we will designate trademarks and brands whose products are in demand and trust among summer residents.

Selection and acquisition suitable model garden pump for irrigation largely depends on what water is supposed to be pumped and where it is planned to take.

Plants cannot develop normally without a sufficient amount of life-giving moisture. But only well-settled warm water is suitable for watering green spaces.

Rain water is the most affordable option life-giving moisture, which has a neutral acid-base balance and contains a minimum of chemical impurities dangerous for plants

Prudent owners collect rainwater in barrels and large containers located on the site under the gutters. If necessary, it remains only to get it by scooping it up with a bucket or pumping it out of the barrel with a pump for irrigation.

Quite often, if it is present on the site, then water for irrigation is taken from them. But " cold shower"is able to cause irreparable damage to the delicate roots of plants: they can begin to rot.

For this reason, the water pumped out of the hydraulic structure is first poured into containers, allowing it to warm up under the sun's rays, and only then is it used for irrigation.

Third, and perhaps the most good option a source from where it is convenient to take water for irrigation - a natural reservoir located nearby or built on your own artificial pond.

Using water from a home pond for watering plants, you solve two problems at once: give life-giving moisture to green “pets” and perform preventive cleaning of a water facility

In all the sources listed above, water differs greatly in terms of the degree of contamination. Therefore, for each of them, separate types of pumping equipment have been developed.

Types of pumps for pumping water

for irrigation horticultural crops There are two types of pumps. Depending on the method of water intake and the placement of the unit body relative to the source, they are surface and submersible.

Option # 1 - barrel for pumping out tanks

Such devices are designed specifically for pumping water from small volume tanks, the depth of which does not exceed 1.2 m.

Among the pumping equipment on the market, such units are considered the easiest to use and maintain.

The main advantage of pumps for the production of watering from a barrel is compactness and mobility. The average weight of the unit is 3-4 kg.

Taking it by the handle, it is convenient to carry it around the site and install it one by one on the containers placed under the watersheds. In addition, barrel pumps are famous for low level noise.

To pump out the irrigation liquid, the barrel pump is simply fixed on the edge of the tank with a bracket and connected to the mains.

The use of barrel units is also convenient because the water used for irrigation can be pre-diluted with fertilizers to feed cultivated plants.

Most models are equipped with a pressure regulator. With its help, it is convenient to set the pressure necessary for work. Tank pumps have built-in filters that trap large particles.

But as noted by the owners who have already tested household models of this type, built-in filters do not always cope with the task. As a result, even expensive systems quickly become clogged and fail.

The easiest way to solve this problem is by arranging an additional homemade filter in the form of a cut from gauze or mesh tulle folded into 2-3 layers.

The pump is simply placed on a canvas suspended like a hammock so that the mesh layer between the suction device and the water does not allow debris to seep through.

Rust and sludge can be prevented from entering the system by placing the pump inside the tank so that it does not reach the bottom of the tank by 5 cm.

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Option # 2 - surface for shallow water

They are placed in the immediate vicinity of the source, and the water is taken by immersing the suction hose into the structure.

Outdoor devices are capable of pumping water from a depth of 8 m and giving out a jet to a level of about 30-50 m. Thanks to this pressure, several rows of beds can be watered from one point at once.

To start the pump for irrigation from a reservoir, you only need to install the device housing on flat surface, connect the suction hose and outlet pipe to it, and then connect it to the power supply

The outlet of most surface models is metal pipe. Rubber hose is not suitable for this purpose for the reason that at the time of pumping the liquid, rarefied air is created inside it.

As a result: the elastic walls begin to shrink, preventing the water flow from moving normally towards the exit.

The only drawback of pumps for irrigation from shallow waters is vibration and noise during operation.

You can get rid of the loud "growl" by placing the unit in an outbuilding, or by placing the unit body on a rubberized mat or stand.

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Option #3 - submersible for polluted ponds

Submersible pumps are rarely used for garden purposes. The working part of this type of device is immersed directly into the source, deepening below the water level. The pumped-out liquid under pressure is discharged to the surface through rubber pipes.

Submersible units, unlike outdoor models, are able to travel long distances to garden beds with virtually no loss of pressure, which is especially valuable when the source is located remotely.

Depending on model type submersible pumps are capable of pumping water from a depth of up to 80 m. This parameter is relevant when used as a source of water intake for irrigating a drilled well.

Such units are ways to “recycle” slightly and heavily polluted water, which contains different kind impurities with a diameter of 5-10 mm.

The grinder, located just above the suction device, will be crushed into tiny particles leaves, silt and other debris that have fallen into the appliance along with water.

Thanks to this, irrigation water will be additionally enriched. organic fertilizers, which will only positively affect the yield of cultivated crops.

A significant drawback of drainage units used as pumps for irrigation from a pond is low pressure in the system. So you can only water the garden with their help by gravity.

If you plan to use a nozzle or divider, then the water may not go at all. You can get out of this situation by doing the work in stages.

First, liquid is pumped into the storage tank using a drainer. And then, after settling it and settling heavy suspensions, the garden is watered using a surface and submersible garden pump.

Option #4 - automatic for drip irrigation

Particularly popular are automatic pumps equipped with timers. They greatly facilitate the task of the owners, who do not have the opportunity to waste precious time and excess moisture for hours of watering.

Pumps for drip irrigation equipped with pressure switches and hydraulic accumulators. Control in such systems can be either manual or automatic.

The task of the owner is to set the minimum pressure level at which water will flow out of the outlet in a thin stream

Although such equipment is not cheap, the costs fully pay off over time, allowing more rational use of hundreds of cubic meters of moisture supplied during the season. Yes, and the owner frees up a lot of time that would previously be spent on watering.

Aggregate selection criteria

When choosing pumping equipment, it is necessary to determine for yourself the following factors:

1. Distance from the source of water intake to garden beds.
2. Height difference from the place of installation of pumping equipment to extreme point vegetable garden.
3. Plot dimensions reserved for crops that need frequent watering.
4. Irrigation type(radical, drip, sprinkling).
5. Frequency of use pumping equipment.

For drip irrigation, it is enough to install low-power equipment. When planning to irrigate crops through sprinkling, it is worth giving preference to systems that can easily withstand high pressure.

When purchasing a model, you should pay attention to what volume of the tank it is designed for and how much water it can pump in one hour

The most reliable are units with two-stage mechanisms. Such powerful units are chosen by the owners of large plots, in which a large area is allocated for garden beds, a flower garden and a garden in need of watering.

No. 1 - calculating the performance of the device

To calculate the required performance of the purchased pumping equipment, average indicators are usually taken.

Depending on the climatic conditions and soil conditions according to current SNiP for watering beds with an area of ​​1 sq. m requires from 3 to 6 liters per day.

Therefore, for a garden area of ​​​​200 square meters. m daily rate will be: 200x6 \u003d 1200 liters.

To meet the needs in this case, you will have to purchase a unit with a capacity of 1.5-2 cubic liters per hour

The maximum productivity of barrel units is 4000 l/h. Choosing among low power devices, designed for pumping liquid from storage tanks, it is worth taking a closer look at models with a capacity of 2000 l / h.

The price of such devices starts from 2.5 thousand rubles.

When arranging drip irrigation, the most reliable type of pump is centrifugal. After all, only he is capable of pumping large portions of water under high pressure throughout the whole day.

When choosing among drainage models, keep in mind that such units have a capacity of 83 to 250 l / min with water supply from 5 m to 12 m.

When using water for irrigation, the impurity diameter of which is 15-55 mm, it is worth choosing units with a capacity of 37 to 450 l / min. They are able to provide a feed to a height of 5-22 m.

The pump pressure is mechanical work unit, as a result of which the pressure of the liquid increases and it is pumped. In this case, part of the drive energy in the pumping process is converted into the kinetic energy of the liquid.

The pressure created by the device and the flow rate of the pumped liquid are directly dependent on each other, in graphical form this dependence is displayed as a characteristic of the pump

The higher the value of the pressure created, the greater the distance that can be maintained between the pump and the source of water intake. When calculating power, also keep in mind that the ratio of vertical to horizontal length is 1:4.

At the same time, if we are talking about watering, then too much pressure is more of a chore than a benefit. After all, the exile pressure can not only damage the dividers, tearing them off the hose, but also harm green spaces.

No. 3 - the presence of an automation system

Automation significantly increases the cost of pumping equipment. But it plays a significant role, preventing overheating of the "heart" of the unit - the motor.

The float switch protects the appliance motor when the set minimum water level is reached. This prevents the unit from running dry, thereby minimizing the risk of breakdowns.

By choosing a unit equipped with, during operation you will not need to control how empty the barrel is.

You only need to flush the float switch once a season with water pressure to prevent the box body from sticking to the outlet.

No. 4 - the location of the suction valve

The suction valve can be located above the engine compartment in the upper part of the device, or on the bottom of the case.

The presence of a filter on the suction valve of the device will trap debris that enters with water, thereby extending the life of the unit

More practical models, the water intake of which is located in the upper part of the body. Such constructive solution reduces the likelihood of silting and penetration of bottom sediment and sand particles into the chamber.

Using for watering submersible units, the suction valves of which are located in the bottom of the housing, use special supplies.

By placing the pump on a stand, you can partially protect the working chamber from the ingress of fibrous inclusions, agitated sand suspension and large debris.

The pumps are usually supplied with adapters that allow you to connect flexible hoses and rigid pipes with a diameter of 1" and 1 1/4". In budget models, most likely, watering hose and a spray nozzle will have to be purchased separately.

Overview of manufacturers of pumping equipment

High demand for pumping equipment for domestic use stimulates producers. Today, foreign and domestic manufacturers offer a wide range of equipment in different price categories.

Imported global brands

Among foreign manufacturers, well-established in the market of pumping equipment, it is worth highlighting:

• HAMMER. German leader in the production of first-class pumping equipment. Wide the lineup, unique technical solutions and the highest reliability - all this combines products manufactured under this brand.
• PATRIOT. One of the oldest American trademarks. The quality of products manufactured by this company has been tested by generations. Reliable and easy-to-use chainsaws are better known to the domestic buyer under this brand. But the pumping equipment is not inferior to them.
• "Salpeda". Recognized champion in the world market. The Italian company is famous for its good technical traditions. All equipment is manufactured using high-precision technology.
• QUATTRO ELEMENTI. Another well-known Italian brand representing high-quality equipment. The company, founded by like-minded engineers, focuses on the reliability and maintainability of its products.

Barrel models for watering the garden of these brands can be purchased at a price of 5.5 thousand rubles. More powerful surface and submersible units will cost 6 thousand and more. And the average power - within 9 thousand rubles.

Choosing products of well-known brands, even in the event of a breakdown, it will be much easier to find spare parts for them, and the masters accept them more willingly for repairs.

Among the companies that are still only increasing their potential, but have already earned a positive reputation among a wide range of consumers, it is also worth highlighting " Makita" and " gardena».

domestic brands

Popular brands of pumping equipment of a domestic manufacturer:

• "Vortex". Leading Russian manufacturer. The main advantage of our products is ease of use, quiet operation and minimal hydraulic losses during the transfer process.
• "Jileks". The Russian company produces reliable pumps that can be used both for pumping clean and slightly contaminated water for irrigation.
• "Gardener". Products manufactured under this brand successfully combine affordable price at decent quality. Compact centrifugal devices easily handle contaminated water.

The price of centrifugal submersible pumps of these brands starts at 4 thousand rubles. Drainage units of medium power cost from 5 thousand and above.

Budget models are also very popular. domestic production and . The price of products ranges from 1.5-2 thousand rubles.

But it is worth noting that they are very sensitive to voltage fluctuations in the mains. For work in our conditions, it is better to choose centrifugal models, for which no such sin has been noticed.

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If the device is designed to pump pure water, then you should not lower it into a rain tank. Fallen leaves and sand will quickly clog the filters and disable the device. And it will not be the manufacturer's fault, but only the careless owner.

Do you have experience using pumping equipment for watering garden beds? Please share information with our readers, tell us which pump you use. You can leave comments in the form below.

If country estates have a personal plot, then, most likely, it is used either for agricultural or for decorative and floricultural purposes. And in fact, and in another case, you can not do without the regular conduct of certain agrotechnical work. And irrigation will always be in the foreground - without effective irrigation, especially in dry summers, to achieve high yield, beautiful flowering flower beds or even just a juicy green lawn - it is hardly possible.

Even in the case when a water main is connected to the site, using water from it for irrigation is by no means the best solution. Firstly, it is very wasteful, and secondly, such water undergoes certain processing, including chlorination, and is not very useful for plants. For irrigation, it is better to use some natural source, but to use it you will need special equipment - a pump.

However, if the buyer goes to the store or enters the online catalog unprepared, he may encounter a lot of questions that will make optimal choice extremely complex. Pumping equipment is very "many-sided" and differs not only in technical specifications but also in terms of performance. It is necessary to take into account many criteria in advance in order to leave your choice on the model that is most suitable for the existing conditions. This publication is dedicated to this - we buy a pump for watering the garden: varieties, selection, installation, basic operating rules.

Where will the water come from?

It is impossible to choose the right pump if you do not decide in advance where the water will be taken from for irrigation. There may be many options here.

• The most successful "layout" is when the site has its own or a reservoir located in the immediate vicinity natural origin- a pond or lake fed from underground sources or a stream and having a sufficient debit of water. It is possible to carry out watering from the river flowing nearby. In any of these cases, a surface pump or a submersible (semi-submersible) drainage type may be required.

If the site has an artificial reservoir - a pond or pool, then it can also become a source of water for irrigation. All the same, the water in it should change regularly, and these two operations can be combined - supply fresh water to the pool, pumping it out to the garden that already needs to be replaced. True, on one condition - that no chemical reagents were used.

• Even a somewhat swampy reservoir can serve as a source of water for irrigating the site, but in this case you will have to purchase a special variety drainage pump, which is designed for pumping dirty water.

However, such ideal conditions are quite rare. Most often, one has to resort to artificially created water sources.

• For irrigation, you can use water from a well or well. For wells can be used as surface pumps(with a shallow aquifer), and submersible. For wells where water is usually found at great depths, only submersible pumps of a special type are suitable.

Water intake from wells requires special pumping equipment

To raise water from a great depth and at the same time provide it with sufficient pressure and the required flow rate for further use - not any equipment can handle this. How to approach - read in a separate publication of our portal.

However, you should immediately important note. Any experienced gardener or the gardener will say that it is highly undesirable to use water directly from their well or well for irrigation, since such irrigation of plants can do them more harm than good. The best option- the required volume for regular watering is pumped in advance into containers installed on personal plot. The water will warm up in a day, get rid of the substances dissolved in it. chemical compounds, and will become quite suitable for irrigation. By the way, this approach opens wide opportunities competent use of fertilizers and top dressings with exact observance of the recommended proportions of dilution of the compositions.

For a set of containers, the already mentioned well or borehole pumps. But directly for irrigation, it will be possible to acquire a compact surface-type garden pump or special submersible models designed specifically for taking water from containers (barrels, eurocubes, home-made tanks, etc.).

• A good owner should not lose anything, including rainwater, the collection of which in garden containers is very often organized from drainage systems. And besides, if a competent storm sewer, then a storage storm collector can also become a source of water for irrigation. In this case, the submersible drainage pump will again become an assistant.

How is storm sewer arranged?

Unfortunately, about this system, water drainage from adjoining territory not everyone remembers, or they ignore its creation in the hope that everything will somehow “dissolve” by itself. Why this approach is wrong, and how to create it correctly - read in a separate article on our portal.

So, the choice of a pump for irrigation in the first place will depend on the type of water source used.

What performance and pressure ratings are required?

Whatever type of pump is chosen, this unit must fully cope with the functions assigned to it.

1. Firstly, it must ensure the pumping of the required volume of water at a certain time - this is an indicator of performance.

It is not difficult to calculate this parameter. Based on the fact that existing rules for quality irrigation square meter area requires 3 to 6 liters of water (depending on local conditions climate, features of cultivated crops, established weather). It is best to calculate to the maximum - this will create a certain reserve of productivity, but everyone is free to decide this issue on their own.

Of course, only the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site that is allocated for crops that require regular watering is taken into account. If a lawn is cultivated or flower beds, their area is also taken into account.

The next value required for the calculation is the time that is planned to be spent on watering the entire area. Usually this event is held in the evening, after the subsidence of the heat of the day and the aggressiveness of direct sun rays so maybe an hour or two will suffice.

To find the required productivity (usually it is indicated in the technical documentation by the symbol Q), it remains to multiply the area of ​​​​the irrigated area and its irrigation rate, and divide the resulting value by the time allocated for irrigation.

Q=S uch ×N/t

S uch – irrigated area (m²).

N- the accepted watering rate is from 3 to 6 l / m² (for individual crops it may be more).

t- the time allotted for watering the site.

For ease of calculation, you can use the proposed calculator. The area in it is indicated in acres - so many gardeners are more familiar.

In ancient times and the Middle Ages, people often faced the task of raising water to a height. It was implemented different ways that any homeowner can remember left on land plot on the for a long time without electricity. In the case of a large depth of the water intake source and an acute need for water, the use of ancient methods will bring certain benefits in broadening one's horizons, improving health and obtaining additional engineering and construction skills.

If you decide how to raise the water to a height, you can not do without a pump. Only for lifting you will have to use not electric, but manual homemade devices, for the operation of which the application of muscular strength or the energy of the current water flow is required.

Archimedean screw

The invention of a screw device for supplying water to a height for the purpose of filling irrigation canals was made by Archimedes around 250 BC.

Fig.1 The principle of operation of the Archimedes screw pump

The device consists of a hollow cylinder, inside which the screw rotates, during operation it lowers into the water intake source at an angle. When the propeller blades rotate, they capture water and the propeller lifts it up the pipe, into top point the pipe ends and the water is poured into a container or irrigation canal.

In ancient times, the impeller was rotated by slaves or animals, in our time there may be problems with this and you will have to additionally build a wind wheel to set the screw in rotation or strengthen the muscles yourself.

Fig. 2 A variation of the wheel of Archimedes - a pump from a tube

The device is an analogue of modern screw pumps, it can have various modifications: the screw rotates together with the cylinder or has the form of a hollow tube wound on a rod.

Hydroram Montgolfier method

The mechanic Montgolfier in 1797 came up with a device called a hydraulic ram. It uses the kinetic energy of water flowing from top to bottom.

Rice. 3 The principle of operation of the hydropercussion water pump

The principle of operation of the device is based on the fact that with a sharp shutdown of the water flow in a rigid pipe, water is forced out through a check valve under pressure into a hydraulic tank located at the top. In its lower part there is a fitting, on which the outlet water hose is put on, going to the consumer. The non-return valve does not allow water to flow back - thus there is a constant cyclic filling of the tank and a continuous rise and flow of water.

The shut-off valve of the device works automatically, so the presence of a person and the organization of his work, except for the installation of equipment, is not required.

Rice. four Appearance industrial hydropercussion pump

It should be noted that such devices do not need to be made independently, they are produced industrial way in small volumes.

Airlift

The ancestor of the method is the German mining engineer Karl Loscher, who invented the method in 1797.

Rice. 5 The principle of operation of the air lift pump and its varieties

Airlift (airlift) - a type of jet pump, air is used to lift water. The device is a hollow vertical pipe lowered into the water, to the bottom of which a hose is connected. When air is supplied under pressure through a hose into a pipe, its bubbles mix with water, and the resulting foam, due to light specific gravity rises up.

Air can be supplied using a conventional one through a nipple that prevents it from escaping back.

Rice. 6 Automatic feed water by airlift using a compressor

Such a device for supplying water in the absence of a pump is quite simple to do with your own hands and automate the process if there is an air supply compressor.

Lifting water with a piston pump

Rice. 7 The principle of operation of a homemade piston pump

You can make a device for supplying water to a height by suction using a piston. The device is a pipe with a system of check valves, inside the cylindrical surface of which a piston moves. During the return movement, water is sucked into the cylinder body, with the translational movement of the piston check valves close and water is pushed out.

Rice. 8 Piston pump in the organization of manual water supply.

A piston pump with a long pipe for lifting water from great depths to hold and pump water is an occupation for trained bodybuilders, it is more convenient to adapt it to lift water from a narrow well, fixing it on an external column with a handle.

To quickly raise water from shallow depths from narrow crevices, you can use the simplest industrial device. To do this, a manual water pump is taken and a long plastic tube is put on its inlet valve. Homemade pump is lowered into the water by the long end of the tube and it is pumped by repeated pressing of the pump button.

Rice. 9 Hand pump for lifting water

Methods for lifting water without an electric pump are ineffective and require serious costs and efforts for the manufacture of a workable and convenient device that is incomparable not only with the cost of the cheapest electric pump, but also expensive models. Their use is justified when living in areas with a complete lack of electricity, which can be attributed to extreme ways of survival.