Scheme of the storm sewer of the enterprise. How does storm sewer work? The cleaning function of the storm sewer system

Storm (rain) sewage is a system whose main task is the quick and organized removal of precipitation falling on the territory household plots, industrial facilities or the whole city. In addition, sometimes not only melted or rainwater, but also “conditionally clean” waters that remain after certain technological processes at various enterprises.

But why is excess moisture so harmful? According to statistics, about 100 cubic meters of water annually falls on the roof of an average private house in our latitudes. Accordingly, several times more moisture enters the personal plot. However, the puddles themselves are not so terrible: the fact is that excessively moist soil can seriously damage the building, causing the foundation of the house to subside.

Besides, it's too a large number of water has a bad effect on the growth and development of plants, since at low temperatures waterlogged soil freezes much deeper, capturing the roots of trees, flowers and shrubs. And the accumulation of melt water in the spring can cause waterlogging of the site. In the conditions of the city, excessive moisture destroys sidewalks, blind areas and roads, penetrates into the basement apartment buildings, contributes to the reproduction of mold and fungi on the walls of skyscrapers. Storm sewers can effectively prevent the negative impact of an excess of precipitation, so its construction is a real need.

First of all, rain sewers need:

cottage settlements;
places of congestion of vehicles (gas stations, transport bases, garages, parking lots);
hypermarkets;
warehouse complexes;
plants and factories.

In addition, places where sewage (from atmospheric precipitation) can be contaminated with petrochemicals and other substances when they are washed off roads, sites and various devices. The use of rainwater drainage at such facilities helps protect water bodies and soil from derivatives of technical oils and gasoline.

How is storm sewer arranged?

Stormwater treatment systems in most cases are several fiberglass tanks installed one after the other. The wastewater treatment process begins with a distribution well, from which atmospheric precipitation enters the desander. Large suspended particles of sand are deposited in the sand separator, and the liquid flows into the oil and petrol separator, where the gasoline film and oils are removed. After that, the wastewater, already freed from most of the pollution, enters the sorption filter, designed to trap petrochemical products emulsified in water. The finally purified liquid is collected in a control well, from where it flows into a ravine, reservoir or receiving well. Thus, the main components storm sewer are five main components:

Distribution well.
Sand separator.
Oil separator.
Filter adsorber.
Control well.

In some cases it is recommended additional installation UV well and storage tank. But in any case, the storm sewer system, buried in the ground, is absolutely invisible and can be installed anywhere, since it does not cause deformations of the roadway.

Ideally, all components of the storm sewer system are structurally combined into one line, which guarantees the maximum possible compactness of the structure. If the channels of the system are laid in the ground, then pipes are used to create them. Surface ditches are equipped with trays and gutters made of concrete, asbestos or plastic. Main Feature storm sewerage is the laying of gutters, trays and pipes with a slope towards catchment devices and discharge points in order to organize the natural movement of melt and rainwater.

The water obtained at the outlet of the rain sewer contains no more than 30 mg / l of suspended solids and less than 0.05 mg / l of oil products, so it can be used for irrigating land, for irrigating crops, and for discharge into fish ponds.

Designing a storm sewer system

The arrangement of storm sewers, as, indeed, the construction of any object, begins with the preparation of a project. However, the scheme of the rain sewer system is created depending on the conditions in which it will have to function. Currently, there are the following options for stormwater devices:

closed systems. This is enough difficult option storm sewers, requiring careful calculations and meticulous planning, therefore, in this case, the design is entrusted exclusively to professionals.
open systems. They are considered the least costly in terms of finance and the most simple option. When drawing up the scheme, the arrangement of open gutters is provided, where wastewater will be collected.
mixed systems. An intermediate option between open and closed systems. It is very popular in a situation where it is necessary to significantly reduce the cost of building a large-scale facility.

Also, when designing and drawing up a diagram, it is necessary to answer the following questions:

What is the average amount of precipitation in an area where a storm sewer is planned? The answer to this question will help determine the performance of the future system.
What is the total area of drainage surfaces available on the site (concrete and asphalt areas, roofs of buildings, etc.)? Thanks to this parameter, you can determine the number of storm water inlets that need to be installed.
What are the features of the relief? Since the trays and pipes are always laid at a certain slope, it is necessary to take into account the elevation differences in the storm sewer installation site.
What type of storm sewer can be equipped in this case? Internal storm sewer, collected from pipes laid underground, is not only the most expensive, but also a very labor-intensive option. That is why the advantage should be given to external (open) rain sewers collected from open trays. At the same time, it makes sense to place the trays along the paths, near the building itself and in those places where water flows.

In addition, when drawing up a storm sewer scheme, it is necessary to minimize the number of additional wiring and completely eliminate (if possible) sharp turns in the pipeline.

Storm sewer arrangement schemes

The schemes that are used when laying storm sewers can also be different. There are only two of them - linear and point. The dot scheme is a network of special elements, or rather storm water inlets, placed to collect water flowing from the roof through a system of gutters. All storm water inlets are connected to a common main that drains water from the site.

The linear scheme consists, as a rule, of a network of canals, the main function of which is to collect water and transport it. From dot pattern linear differs in that it is designed to divert water that enters the site both from the roof and from asphalt and concrete platforms and paths. In addition, it always includes a set of various filters that protect channels from different kind pollution.

Choosing pipes and other components for storm sewers

Since rainwater drainage is used to drain and collect precipitation, the main components of the system are pipes, storm water inlets, trays, wells, gratings, etc. The selection and installation of these elements has certain features, important in the arrangement of storm sewers.

receiving elements.

The receiving components of the system include:

Storm water inlets. These elements are needed to collect rain and melt water from paved areas, roofs, etc. A storm sewer funnel (rain inlet) is a rectangular container with a branch for accession to a common storm sewer system. They produce storm water inlets made of polyethylene, polypropylene or polymer concrete (created according to the principle concrete mortar, but with synthetic binding elements). They must be equipped with filter baskets that protect the system from various weed particles entering it. The convenience of such a device lies in the fact that the filter basket can, if necessary, be removed and cleaned of debris. And to prevent the occurrence unpleasant odors it is best to purchase storm water inlets equipped with special siphons.

Door trays. They are wide trays, which are analogues of storm water inlets. The only difference is that such trays are placed in front of the entrance to the building, and not under the drainpipes. From above, the trays are closed with a grate, and from below they have a drain pipe, which is connected to a common storm sewer system. The installation of door trays can solve two problems at once: collect and drain water from the area near the entrance to the facility and clean the shoes of visitors and residents from dirt, which is facilitated by the special geometry of the grate and the specific location of the holes on it. In addition, the grill effectively protects the tray from damage and can be used as a decorative component.

Elements through which water is transported. The transport components of the system include trays, gutters and pipes - they are necessary for redirecting rain and melt water from receivers to the collector.

Gutters and pipes

The correct selection of materials is possible only in the case when it is absolutely possible to imagine exactly what functions this or that element of the system performs. The peculiarity of using pipes and gutters in storm sewers is that they do not experience special loads: there is no pressure, and the temperature of the transferred liquid is equal to the temperature environment. Therefore, stormwater materials do not have to meet any special requirements. Currently, in the construction of rain sewers, the most commonly used polymer pipes, since it is much easier to work with them than with metal pipes, and the reliability and durability of such pipes significantly exceeds similar characteristics steel pipes. Most good option There are two types of pipes:

From PVC. They are very easy to mount, which is especially important if the system is assembled by a layman. In addition, their assembly does not require special equipment, and regular seals provide sufficient sealing at the joints.

Made of multilayer corrugated polymer. This type of pipe is used, as a rule, for internal (closed) systems, as they are able to withstand considerable soil loads. Such pipes are made of polypropylene or low and high pressure polyethylene and are lighter than similar PVC products. Accordingly, they are easier to mount and unload. Besides corrugated pipes They are flexible enough to allow pipeline rotations to be made without the use of swivel fittings.

Trays

Necessary for collecting and transporting atmospheric precipitation. Usually made from polymer concrete, polymer materials or regular concrete. Concrete trays are very cheap and easy to make. They are created by vibrocompression, which determines their durability and reliability. The disadvantage of concrete trays is their large weight. Trays made of polymer concrete last longer than conventional concrete products, but their price is much higher.

Trays made of polymeric materials are most often used today in the arrangement of storm sewers. Their main advantages are:

ease;
simple installation;
ease of transportation;
low risk of clogging of the system and unhindered passage of water due to the smooth inner surface.

wells

In order for the operation of storm sewers to be stable, components such as wells are needed. They are plastic and reinforced concrete. Polymer wells are currently used much more often, since they are easier to install, and the operational characteristics of such wells are not inferior to reinforced concrete counterparts. Additional advantages of polymer wells are:

absolute tightness;
a variety of models, allowing you to choose exactly the option that is ideal for the system being laid;
reliability. Products are made of special wear-resistant plastic and are not subject to corrosion, which significantly extends their service life;
floating resistance. The weight plastic wells small, but, nevertheless, due to the special shape and ribbed surface, they are completely insured against ascent, which could occur under the influence of soil water. This feature of plastic wells allows you to avoid concreting pits, which facilitates and reduces the cost of assembling the system.

Elements that protect storm sewers

1. Sand separators (sand traps, sand traps). Without given element storm sewers will not function, so sand traps are a must for all types of systems. Their main task is to remove fine particles of sand and soil from the water, prevent clogging of pipes and ensure the normal operation of rain sewers. Sand separators work according to the following principle: the flow of water going through the pipes enters the sand trap and sharply loses speed due to the fact that the volume of the device is much larger than the diameter of the pipe. Then particulate matter- under the influence of gravity - they settle to the bottom of the sand trap, and the purified water moves further through the outlet pipe.

Standard sand separators must be equipped with a special basket that allows you to quickly and easily clean the device's container from accumulated deposits. The container itself, as a rule, is located vertically, although in large storm sewers, multi-chamber traps are sometimes used, which in fact are horizontally mounted cylindrical containers of large volume. Quite often, the sand trap is the first level of a combined cleaning system. Therefore, the standard installation location for this element is near the transition of the receiving trays to the general sewerage system, directly in front of other cleaning and filtration elements. Inspection rotary or linear wells can sometimes be used as sand separators.

2. Oil separators and oil separators. Must be installed on industrial enterprises, highways, car parks, service stations and garages. Oil and petrol separators are especially needed where storm sewerage is combined with a system for cleaning and removing used (and saturated with oil) water, for example, at car washes.

The main difficulty in purifying water from fuel and oil residues is that these products are in a finely dispersed state, they are not amenable to conventional filtration and can instantly clog fine filter meshes. Therefore, for their separation, special technological methods. For example, there are oil separators equipped with polymer sponge filters, in which suspended drops of oils or fuels combine, become larger and more easily obey the laws of gravity - heavy fractions settle to the bottom, and light fractions float to the surface.

Advanced oil separators work on the principle of coalescent modules. They consist of corrugated thin-walled PVC sheets glued into cassettes. Polyvinyl chloride is not wetted by water (that is, it is hydrophobic), but suspended petroleum products, on the contrary, adhere excellently to PVC. It turns out that water flows freely through the cassettes, simultaneously getting rid of drops of gasoline and oils.

The constant flow of water, in turn, creates a micro-vibration, which contributes to the self-cleaning of the modules. In addition, the bodies of the oil separators are equipped with process hatches for flushing equipment and pumping out separated hydrocarbons. And some devices have built-in electronic sensors that monitor the level of collected waste. Such installations perfectly purify water in accordance with existing sanitary standards.

3. Devices responsible for filtering storm drains. Storm sewer systems cannot do without filters of various technological designs and operating principles. Such devices are capable of cleaning storm drains not only from suspended mechanical impurities, but also carry out deep post-treatment of water in full compliance with existing sanitary standards. Filters can be:

mechanical. They are very simple, but it is thanks to them that the water is cleared of suspended particles, which positively affects the duration of operation and the performance of storm sewers. Primary filtration is carried out by storm gratings installed on gutters (if the sewerage scheme is linear) or on storm water inlets (if the scheme is point). Lattices detain branches, foliage and large household garbage. Secondary filtration is carried out by the baskets included in the set of drainage systems or storm water inlets, which purify water from finer litter. As a result, rapid clogging of collectors, pipes and devices for further water treatment is prevented. One of the varieties of mechanical filters are flotation plants. The water that enters them is mixed under pressure with a water-air emulsion, and very small air bubbles bring all solid suspended particles to the surface;

sorption. Because rain and melt water may be saturated with harmful to human health and the environment chemicals require further purification. It is carried out using sorption filters, in which water is passed through a sorbent (a special filter bed), thus being purified from heavy metal ions, radionuclides, fats, complex organic compounds, the smallest suspensions, acids, chlorine, etc.

Most often act as a sorbent natural minerals zeolite or shungite, activated carbon or special formulations(for example, hydrophobic sorbent "NES"). Filtering units are assembled, as a rule, in fiberglass cylindrical housings (sometimes in metal ones), equipped with inlet and outlet nozzles, as well as technological wells. In powerful storm sewers, the standard place for installation of chemical after-treatment systems is behind sand traps and oil and gas separators, in front of control wells designed for sampling.

The specifics of the installation of storm sewers

In general, the basic principles of conducting installation work for the arrangement of storm sewers are practically no different from the principles of laying standard external sewer pipelines. But if the building is not equipped with gutters, then you need to start with their installation.

We build a roofing component

We make holes in the ceilings of the building for storm water inlets.
We install storm water inlets and fasten them with bituminous mastic.
We seal the junction of storm water inlets.
We install risers and sewers.
We fasten all the elements to the structures of the house with the help of clamps.
Install trays (if created linear system) or branch pipes (if the scheme is point).

We equip the underground part

First, it is necessary, using a plan drawn up in advance, to dig a trench, taking into account the slopes of the terrain and the depth of the channels adopted in the region. If the pipeline is supposed to be insulated with an additional sheath made of crushed stone and geotextile or with a sand cushion, then this must also be taken into account. Next, we perform the following work:

before installation, we carefully tamp the bottom of the trench. We remove large stones encountered during digging, and fill the holes in which they were with soil;
fall asleep at the bottom sand cushion, the standard thickness of which is 20 cm;
we form a pit intended for the installation of a collector tank. Ready-made is best for the collector plastic container, but the collector well can be made, if desired, with your own hands, pouring cement mortar into the previously arranged formwork;
we lay the pipes in equipped with sand cushions and compacted ditches. We connect them with fittings in single system. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that it is recommended to include manholes in straight sewer branches, the length of which is more than 10 m;
we install sand traps at the junction of the pipeline and collectors that receive atmospheric water;
we connect all devices and devices into a single network, sealing the joints;
before the trench is backfilled, we check the system by pouring water into the receivers. If no weak points were found, we fill up the trench, and equip the trays, gutters and pallets with gratings.

In addition, when equipping storm sewers, it must be remembered that the city's collector well is not allowed to be unloaded into public sewerage, since there are oil products and chemicals in the drains. However, the owner of a private house has the right to connect a storm drain to his own sewer if there are no hazardous components that require additional treatment in the wastewater.

Puddles during rain are not uncommon to get rid of them, and it is recommended to equip a storm sewer to prevent flooding in a private house. Let's try to figure out how to design a storm sewer with our own hands.

General concept of storm sewers

Storm or rain sewer - these are the totality water pipes, filters and devices for draining water from the site of a residential building.

The main components of rainwater drainage:

sand separators;
well or collector;
oil or gasoline filters;
absorbent block.

Storm sewer type performs the function of draining water from the site. To perform this function, you must have:

storm water inlets;
drainage gutters;
gutters.

In addition to water drainage, rainwater drainage performs the function of filtering water from sand and other pollutants, using filter components. Clean water enters the public sewer in a purified form.

Additional functions of the rain system:

watering the plants personal plot- melt water has a positive effect on the growth and development of plants;
improving the strength and durability of the building - the storm system prevents the building from flooding, thus protecting the structure from mold, fungus and moisture;
purification of water from sand and other impurities;
maintaining the integrity of sidewalks, footpaths and blind areas of the building;
reducing the risk of water entering the basement or basement of the building;
exclusion of the formation of puddles and dirt during precipitation.

The main types of storm sewers

Storm sewerage is divided into:

open,
closed
combined.

Storm sewer photo:

Open storm sewers are the easiest and cheapest to install. This is a system of gutters that are located on the roof. Water flows down the gutters and is diverted from the site through special grooves that are not covered by anything. Scope of use: settlements where a small number of people live.

A closed storm sewer is a more complex type of sewer that requires the installation of not only gutters, but also underground pipes and storm water inlets. Water is collected throughout the system into wells, purified, and then diverted from the site or used for other purposes. Application: large settlements, private territories.

Combined storm sewers are designed for large areas where you need to cut costs on the cost of a closed storm system.

Varieties of storm sewer drainage

Storm drainage point type are performed in the presence of local drainage systems, such as storm water wells. Water is collected in one area or in one object. Such a system includes: downspouts or faucets, removable grating, filters, and an underground sewer system.
Storm drainage linear type - designed to drain water from large area. The linear system includes: linear drains and sand cleaners in the form of a basket, which should be cleaned periodically.

Installation of open-type storm sewers

Storm sewers are also called linear, because the water gradually flows down the roofs to the allotted place. When water flows into the gutters into special trays that are located at the end of the gutter, the storm sewer is called open.

To install an open sewer, gutters are used, which are:

metal,
concrete,
plastic.

To protect the sewer from pollution, grates are put on the gutters, which perform an aesthetic function.

To prevent shrinkage of the soil, the channels under the gutters are made with a slope. For the arrangement of channels, waterproof sealants are used.

Tips for arranging storm sewers open type:

When arranging storm sewers, you should not be limited only to gutters, be sure to provide drainage system. If you install only water collectors and gutters, water will drain to the surface that is next to the house, and this will significantly affect the foundation and cause dampness and mold.
Preventive cleaning of storm sewers should be carried out at least once a year to prevent blockages in storm water inlets and hose trays.
Use only quality sealants when installing storm drains to ensure High Quality rain system.

Closed storm sewer: design

Before designing a closed-type storm sewer, the following documents must be prepared:

preliminary drawings and information about the project;
sewerage scheme;
work report.

To make the correct calculation of storm sewers, find out:

characteristics of the territory and landscape features;
presence of architectural buildings;
the average degree of precipitation;
placement of technical facilities.

In the preliminary drawings, you should indicate the layout of the pipes, the places where storm water inlets, trays and gutters, manholes and a collector will be installed.

The device and scheme of storm sewers

To work, you need to have:

drains,
storm water inlets,
door pallets;
gutters and trays;
pipes;
manholes;
sand traps.

The main component of the storm sewer system is the drain, which collects all the water. No less important element is the storm water inlet, through which water enters the drain.

The receiving well performs the function of absorbing water that comes from the storm water inlet.

To purify water from precipitation, sand and dirt, there are sand traps into which water enters before draining into the sewer.

Manholes are installed to control and clean the storm system.

Preparatory work

Use waterproof, anti-corrosion materials when working on storm drains. In storm sewers, corrugated type pipes clog quickly, so do not use them.
Avoid complex schemes in determining the location of pipes. Lay pipes without additional turns and wiring. All structural parts must be tightly connected.
The slope of the storm sewer and all pipes are directed to the side where the water collector is located. Watch the angle of inclination to avoid freezing water in the storm water inlets.
After the installation scheme is ready, you should calculate the footage of pipes and all necessary elements.
To protect the rainwater drainage system from debris, special grates are used.
If the sewer area is large, install one or two additional wells for additional cleaning.
When installing rainwater drainage, PVC or asbestos-cement pipes should be used. Pipes need to be cleaned with a metal cable.

Storm sewer line:

Consider installing roof gutters:

Make holes for installing storm water inlets. Install devices and seal all joints.
Install pipes to drain water.
All devices are attached to the wall and roof of the house with clamps.

Instructions for the installation of internal storm sewers:

After the approval of the installation scheme, it is necessary to make a marking of the territory and designate the preliminary places for installing the sewage system.
Dig ditches, the bottom of which should be tamped and covered with sand for 15-20 cm. If necessary, insulate the trenches with geotextiles.
Prepare a pit for the collector. Dig a hole and fill it with concrete using metal rings or a plastic container.
A pit is also made by installing a factory well in a previously prepared pit.
To facilitate the work on the sewer, apply plastic pipes and fittings for connection.
Lay pipes in pre-dug trenches and connect them to the collector and trays.
A manhole is placed for every five meters of sewage.
In the place where there is no storm water inlet, a gutter should be installed, which is covered with a grate.
Place a sand cleaner between the tray and the gutter. This should be done so that the already purified water flows into the system.
Seal all joints and connections.
After the assembly of the entire system, a system test should be carried out. Fill the storm water inlet and monitor the operation of the sewer and the tightness of the connections.

Tips for installing storm sewers:

use PVC pipes with a storm sewer diameter of 110 mm, and a double sleeve connection;
the depth of the sewerage depends on the strength of the pipes, the stronger the pipes, the greater the depth;
if there is a drainage system on the site, a storm sewer should be laid above this system;
with a small depth of laying storm sewers, pipes should be insulated with geotextiles and crushed stone;
storm sewers in a private house are connected to the plumbing system or to watering the summer cottage;
if there is a reservoir near the site, a collector should not be installed, arrange the system in such a way that water enters the reservoir;
if the storm sewer passes through the passage of cars, use iron gratings that can withstand heavy loads.

The cost of installing a storm sewer

The cost of arranging a storm sewer depends on the depth of the pipes, the number of storm water inlets and total area site. Storm sewerage price $ 28 per 1 m with the number of storm water inlets, which does not exceed 15 pieces and a shallow laying depth of up to one meter.

With a sewerage depth of 1 to 1.6 m with 15 storm water inlets, the cost is $ 71 per 1 m. Installation of additional storm water inlets averages $ 61.

Storm sewer service

Methods for cleaning storm sewers:

mechanical - by removing all contaminants, sand and traffic jams;
water - the use of a water jet that breaks through traffic jams;
thermal - use of water with a high temperature for cleaning sewers;
chemical - sewer cleaning with reagents.

To clean the external system, which is located on the roof, a mechanical method is used. To do this, inspect the gutters and storm water inlets and remove debris.

Water inlets are cleaned by the water method: a jet of water is directed to the grates, under high pressure.

Cleaning an open system includes:

removing the grids that cover the trays;
cleaning channels from debris;
flushing channels with water;
grating installation.

Cleaning closed storm sewers:

use a jet of water with high pressure, exceeding 350 bar;
to improve the quality of purification, water should be supplied in two directions: to the collector and back;

It is quite possible to clean the storm sewers on your own if the diameter of the pipes does not exceed 200 mm. Otherwise, you need special equipment, which can easily cope with the cleaning of such a system.

If you need to involve specialists, you should perform the following actions:

learn about the likelihood of using heavy equipment;
upon confirmation of this fact, prepare a site for the passage or installation of equipment;
clear access to storm sewer elements.

At proper arrangement, stormwater and drainage in one trench is perfect solution to prevent overheating country house, built on a site with high groundwater - efficient and economical ...

There are many reasons why a house has to be built on a site with high groundwater. But the consequence is always the same - if you do not equip protection against flooding, then every spring water will arrive at the site, erode the soil, foundation and basement of the house.

Helps solve the problem correctly installed system drainage and storm sewers. If the level of groundwater is known even at the stage of buying a site, then it is most advantageous to plan the arrangement of drainage and storm water along with the construction of the house itself. In such cases, you can save money and make stormwater and drainage in one trench.

Conducting storm and drainage sewerage Even at the construction stage, you can get rid of many problems in the future.

Why do we need drainage and storm sewers

The main task of the "stormwater" (i.e. storm system) is to collect, using interconnected gutters and pipes, water from the roof - rain or melt. The storm drain consists of two parts - external (gutters under the roof) and underground (receivers and pipes that drain water from the house). Water from the roof and blind area enters the part that is in the ground, and then it is removed from the site.

Drainage sewage is needed in order to collect excess water from the ground, i.e. drain it. The main task of drainage is to prevent an increase in the level of groundwater, to prevent flooding of the site.

Since both systems provide for the removal of water into special storage tanks, the combined scheme of drainage and stormwater drainage looks very attractive in terms of functionality and economy. The collected water can be used for technical purposes, such as irrigation.

It is important!"In the same trench" does not mean that the same pipes are used for stormwater and drainage. Such a scheme is strictly prohibited for the reason that during seasonal increases in the amount of precipitation, the storm drain systematically overflows. If the same pipe will work as a drainage, then in best case the drain will temporarily stop functioning.

Drainage and storm sewers: varieties of these systems and their features

Systems have absolutely different structure, from similar elements only pipes and wells. At the same time, they differ not only in structure, but also in the method of installation.

Drainage sewerage (closed type)

It is located only underground, respectively, refers to the closed type of sewer systems. The only elements that are partially located above the surface are wells.

There are several factors that determine whether a site needs a drainage system or not. It is done in such cases:

if the site is high enough aquifer;

the soil is clayey or loamy;

in the area where the site is located, floods often occur;

a deep foundation is being built;

the site is located in a lowland.

If one of these conditions is met, then most likely without drainage there will be problems with flooding or high humidity of the basement and foundation.

drainage system consists of the following elements:

Drains(drainage pipes for sewerage, made of geotextile and perforated, through which water enters the drainage).

Sand traps(do not allow pipes to become clogged with frequent ingress of silt and sand).

System drainage system. Leads water cleared of silt and sand directly into drainage wells.

Multiple types wells.

After the wells, where the water is purified, it enters the common reservoir, and then it is either used for personal needs or discharged into the sewage system.

Materials from which drains are made:

Plastic. Durable, not very expensive, very strong and resistant to low temperatures.

It looks like a plastic drainage intermediate well

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

asbestos cement. Cheap, but very short-lived - after a few years on asbestos-cement pipes growths may appear.

Ceramics. Before the advent of plastic, ceramic was the best option.

Standards pipes:

marking SN 2-4 (depth up to 3 meters);

marking SN 6 and what goes higher for depths up to 5 meters.

Video description

An example of the arrangement of the drainage system is shown in the video:

Storm sewer device (open type)

"Shower" consists of two parts - upper and lower. The system includes:

gutters, into which water enters from the roof, and which lead it further;

funnels and vertical pipes. Water enters the funnels and further, through vertical pipes, it enters the lower part of the "storm drain";

clamps to strengthen pipes when they are connected;

tees and elbows, which connect horizontal and vertical pipes to each other, a funnel can also be attached there;

wells.

The system is assembled as a constructor, it is necessary to draw up a drawing of the system, carefully fasten the parts and get a ready-made storm sewer.

Most often for gutters are used such materials:

galvanized iron;

plastic (PVC).

What the storm drain will be made of is selected depending on the device of the house, its architecture and the material from which the roof is made. It is possible to supplement the gutters with nets and an anti-icing cable so that ice does not clog the water outlet in spring.

Arrangement anti-icing system on the roof of the house

For the manufacture of intermediate and main wells, the following materials are used:

PVC(expensive but very effective option);

brick and stone(durable, but should be properly assembled);

Reinforced concrete rings(difficult to install);

Their design is exactly the same as that of a closed drainage.

Combination of storm and drainage sewers

The entire system is installed in one trench. The scheme of drainage and storm sewers on the site is quite simple. Through a nodal tee, water from the outside and from the inside (precipitation and ground water) will fall into the drainage well.

Drainage pipes run throughout the site, collect water and then it is discharged into wells, where it is pumped out of the site by a pump. In the “storm drain”, water is collected and discharged into a collector drain, after which, through the well mentioned above, it enters the main pipe system, which exists independently from the drainage, but in one trench (perforation is not needed for the storm system). Through the system of main pipes, water enters the bypass well, in which, as well as in the drainage, it is pumped out by a pump.

Usually the main well is located at the lowest point of the site and water has to be pumped out of it with a pump

Connecting the storm and drainage systems is very beneficial, all that is required is a wide trench, all that is needed is to designate a place for a diversion line in which the water from both systems will go in different ways so that they are not overloaded.

Through the nodal tee, water from the outside and from the inside (precipitation and groundwater) will enter the drainage well.

The principle of operation of drainage and storm sewers

Storm sewerage: point drainage system. Point elements are needed to collect precipitation, whether it be rain, melted snow, melted hail. Water can be sent through the gutters to the drainage system, and then sent to special ditches with gratings, through which water will be removed from the site. It is very important when the building is located on a slope, since when choosing right angle it will not be necessary to build additional gutters, but to discharge water directly into ditches.

With linear drainage, water is discharged through gutters, funnels into a special main system consisting of pipes that are suitable for drainage and storm sewers. Further along this main system, the effluents enter the collector, and then, depending on the project, the water may go into the reservoir, or maybe beyond the site.

In deep drainage, water from rising groundwater, gradually separate parts is discharged into the well, and from there it is pumped out and discharged. Such a system has 3 types:

Horizontal;

Vertical;

Wall mounted. If there is a basement or basement in the house, it is required to divert groundwater from them. Copes most effectively wall drainage- a moisture collector is arranged near the walls, and the wall itself is carefully waterproofed.

Care and instructions for use

Both systems require regular inspection and cleaning of silt, sand, clay and other debris. Seasonal inspections are required - in late autumn, when the rainy season ends, and at the end of winter, to make sure that the culvert is not affected. Despite various filters, sand traps and nets for debris, dirt still gets inside. They are everywhere: in pipes, gutters and wells. If left untreated, the system will simply clog and stop functioning.

Timely cleaning of the pipes of the drainage and storm water disposal system in the country will avoid many problems

To clean the pipe, it is enough to turn on the pump for maximum power and run ordinary water from a hose through the pipes, it will collect all the dirt and bring it to the well. Water can be poured into the gutters and it will also collect all the dirt and then go through the vertical pipes. The stronger the pressure, the more dirt and the trash will be gone.

Already in the pump, all the water is pumped out even more powerful pump or ilosos, when all the water runs out, it will be necessary to clean the walls. Most often, flushing ends with this, but if the system has not been looked after for a long time, it happens that you have to manually clean the walls and bottom of the well with a scraper. Therefore, regular cleaning is essential to keep both systems running stably.

Rules for installing a dual system

Proper installation of the combined system must be carried out according to a pre-created project, which indicates the nuances regarding the connection to the site and the synchronization of the operation of the wells, so that both drainage and “storm water” work properly both in normal mode and during overload.

During installation, the following nuances must be taken into account:

The arrangement of the drainage system is quite an expensive pleasure. If something goes wrong and after a few years the drainage stops working, then it will cost no less to restore it than to carry out a new one, especially considering that the landscape design will have to be “picked open”. As a result, the arrangement of drainage should be handled by professionals.

During the flood period, each of the systems will be overloaded. Since they collect moisture from different sources, drains must be laid separately for each system. You can do this in one trench, but on different depth. A public well can be used to collect water.

When digging trenches for drains, you should definitely take into account that the bottom of the pit will be covered with rubble and sand. This means that if it is necessary to place a drain at a certain depth, the hole must be dug deeper to the thickness of the layers of sand and gravel.

The pit for the well of the drainage system must be deep enough

Usually, water is collected in a reservoir (pit or reservoir), from where it is used for technical needs or pumped into water bodies or simply away from the site. If perforated pipes are used for drainage, then the outlet pipes are always solid. When combining them in one trench vertically, perforated ones are laid from below, and ordinary ones from above.

If in the trench the main pipes and drains are combined horizontally, then they are laid in parallel, at a small distance from each other (so that if main pipe damaged, the water from there did not enter the drainage system and did not overload it).

Video description

About the installation of the storm system and drainage in the following video:

Conclusion

Combined system drainage and storm sewer is not only effective tool to get rid of the flooding of the site, but also a fairly advantageous offer, as it will simplify the system and save on the purchase of many additional elements. It turns out that the integrity of the foundation will be preserved and money will be saved on waterproofing and arranging both sewers separately.

The storm sewer system plays important role in the arrangement of a country house. It does not allow excess water to linger for a long time in places where it should not be. High-quality stormwater in a private home also helps prevent damage to the foundation and minimize the risk of flooding. basement. So that such problems never become a cause for concern for the owner of the cottage, he should think in advance about building a rain sewer.

Storm sewer removes excess water from the site

Types of water disposal

The storm sewer device in a private house has a number of features. Its main function is to divert water from the foundation. And also it cleans the liquid from all kinds of impurities. All melt and rain water must pass through the filtration stage, since after removal from the site it enters the common sewer channel. Rain sewerage has two options for diverting water:

in storm drainage;
outside the site.

The masters managed to come up with another way to divert water. For him, the depth of the storm sewer is important. The combination of rain and drainage is ideal for large areas where owners do not want to think about taking liquid from tanks outside the yard. Indeed, in this case, all the water will begin to flow into the soil located at the maximum depth.

What is a storm sewer

What is storm sewer is easy to understand. This term is explained above. It is much more difficult to deal with the scheme of the drainage system. By itself, storm sewers in a private house are a kind of network of several separate elements that interact with each other. It is enough to remove just one detail so that the entire storm channel fails.

The stormwater device consists of the following elements:

storm water inlets;
pipes;
gutters;
pallets;
filters to remove sand and other impurities.

A good storm drain around the house also has special equipment that helps to collect water and separate various oil products from it.

But still, the main place in the removal system excess water occupied by pipes. Before buying them, it does not hurt to consult about this with a competent specialist. After all, for each individual case, you should select your own set of pipes, which will carefully carry out the amount of work associated with the removal of fluid.

Stormwater design

The rainwater drainage system must be properly designed. With these works, the construction of any object should begin. Stormwater in a private house is no exception.

The storm sewer scheme should be created depending on the conditions in which it will function. Today, these types of storm system devices are distinguished:

Open. Stormwater systems do not require large financial investments. When drawing up the scheme, special attention is paid to the arrangement of open-type gutters, where wastewater should flow.
Closed. It is difficult to make a storm channel with your own hands without certain knowledge. Such a design requires careful calculations.
Mixed. Stormwater systems are somewhere between open and closed type. They are ideal in cases where the owner of the site wants to equip a large object, but is ready to pay a minimum amount of money for it.

When designing a storm drain around the house, it is necessary to take into account a number of important details:

The average amount of precipitation that falls in an area where a storm drain is required.
The surface area on which the drainage is planned to be performed. Asphalt and concreted areas, roofs near located buildings are taken into account. A correct calculation of this indicator will make it possible to understand how many storm water inlets a built unit should have, which eliminates storm water.
Features of the terrain. According to the rules, all pipes are laid at a certain slope. For this reason, it is important to take into account all the existing uneven ground.
The preferred type of stormwater on the site. Experts offer two types of such a system that can be installed along the fence. Outdoor storm sewer or, as it is also called, open is assembled from separate trays. They are usually placed next to paths and buildings. Domestic storm sewer consists of several pipes that are installed underground. This option requires a significant financial investment. Yes, and it is very difficult to equip such a stormwater in the country.

When drawing up a diagram that will display the laying of storm sewers, sharp turns of pipes should be avoided, as water can begin to stagnate in the system due to them.

The specifics of creating a stormwater

When installing storm sewers, the sequence of basic work must be correct. It does not have serious differences from the principle of laying sewer pipelines.

First you need to carry out drains and purchase elements of storm sewers. After that, you can safely proceed to the installation of the system. The first step is the construction of the roofing component:

Installing a storm sewer involves many steps.

It is necessary to make holes for storm water inlets in the ceilings of the house. Without them, it is impossible to install a storm system.
Now the storm water inlets are installed. They are fixed with bituminous mastic.
Further, there is a sealing of the places in which the containers for receiving rainwater are connected.
Installation of sewers and risers begins.
All elements used during the installation of the storm system are attached with clamps to the house.
Trays or outlet pipes are installed. The former are used while working on a linear system, and the latter for a point system.

After carrying out work on the roofing part, you can proceed to the arrangement of the underground zone:

The construction of a storm sewer, or rather its underground part, begins with tearing out a trench. Its bottom should be well tamped.
Sand is poured into the bottom of the trench. The thickness of such a pillow should not be less than 20 centimeters.
Installation of a storm drain will not do without the formation of a foundation pit. This is the next step. A pit is necessary for arranging a collector well. It is made from a plastic container.
Next comes the laying of pipes in trenches. They should be connected to each other with fittings.
Now install sand filters. They are recommended to be placed at the junction of collectors and pipelines.
A common network is created from all the elements, thanks to which an equipped do-it-yourself storm drain appears on the site.
It is necessary to inspect the sewer and, if necessary, immediately make repairs to the storm sewer.
If no problems are found, the trenches can be backfilled. At this stage, the installation of storm sewers is completed.

Thanks to the phased implementation of such work, an equipped do-it-yourself storm sewer appears.

Difference between stormwater and drainage system

Often summer residents confuse the concepts of drainage and storm system. Both of them are made drainage with the same set of functions. But there is still a difference between them. The drainage system removes unnecessary liquid from the soil, and the storm drain copes with water that stagnates on the site.

The drainage system is located much below the level of the foundation. It prevents melt and rain water from destroying structures from the inside.

To understand how to make a storm drain, you need to have at least a minimal understanding of this water drainage system. Without it, it is impossible to solve the problem of the constant appearance of deep puddles on the site, which cannot be removed naturally. Stormwater helps to protect not only the house, but also the garden from trouble. After all, excessive moisture adversely affects vegetable crops.

To forever forget about the troubles associated with an excess of water on suburban area, it is necessary to acquire a quality storm drain. When arranging it, it is very important to correctly carry out all the required calculations, as well as buy reliable materials. And then the water drainage system will always perfectly cope with its main duty.

Rain, snow, hail are quite normal natural phenomena. Inhabitants country houses must be aware of the danger that precipitation poses to buildings, and look for ways to neutralize their impact on the foundation.

Precipitation and melt water that accumulate on the site create optimal conditions for rotting of the root systems of plants, they heat the foundation of the house, helping to reduce its service life. The most reliable way to prevent problems that can be caused by rainwater is to equip a storm sewer, or as it is popularly called stormwater.

Storm sewer on the site performs a very important function. It collects precipitation and transports it to the ground. The construction of such a structure does not require special knowledge. If you familiarize yourself with the basic installation rules, follow the sequence, select quality materials, the shower will turn out to be functional and durable.

The main task of storm sewers is to collect water from the entire site and move it to a specific place. All the constituent elements of the system must work together to ensure the performance of the storm. The collection of precipitation from the site is carried out at the expense of downpipes, the water goes into the storm water inlets and goes to the place intended for it. Conventionally, sewerage can be divided into three functional zones:

drainage system;
catchment part;
recycling system.

Storm sewer

Note! Storm sewers protect not only the house from the negative effects of precipitation. If the material that was used to lay out the tracks on the site is washed away by water, it may be necessary large-scale works to resume coverage. By installing a storm drain, you will ensure a reliable and long service life of road surfaces.

Owners who don’t even have a close idea of how to make a storm sewer should turn to professionals for help. The most difficult stage is the drafting of the system and the calculations. Having made a mistake when designing a storm drain, you may encounter serious problems during subsequent installation and operation.

Drafting a project

A properly designed storm sewer project is the success of its effectiveness for many years. It is necessary to correctly calculate the dimensions of the elements of the system. When making calculations, the following indicators are taken into account:

the amount of precipitation that falls per year in a given area (you can find out from your neighbors or from representatives of the nearest construction company, in the collection of SNiP);
type and carrying capacity of soils;
relief of the site;
groundwater level;
the place where the sewage will go.

Do-it-yourself storm sewers are equipped according to preliminary calculations applied to paper. A detailed scaled plan of the system is also drawn up, including all functional elements.

When installing a system for removing precipitation and melt water, the financial capabilities of the owner, the size of the site, and the climatic conditions of the region are taken into account. Wastewater must be properly disposed of. To do this, equip collectors, septic tanks. Drains can be lowered into a centralized sewer, ditch, reservoirs.

Note! When drafting a storm sewer on the site of a country house, you should familiarize yourself with the provisions prescribed in SNiP. They will help determine the dimensions of the system elements, and correctly assemble the elements.

Preparation of materials

As with any other construction work, and when installing storm sewers in a private house, it is important to choose the right materials, prepare necessary tools to complete the installation. In this case, the master will need:

shovel for earthworks (digging trenches);
a hacksaw for metal to fit pipes to the desired size;
screwdriver, keys;
file for sealing pipe sections;
screw boards.

What materials can be used in the arrangement of storm sewers in a private house with their own hands? It depends on the type of system. It can be closed, open, mixed.

Storm drain installation

When installing the storm drain, mainly plastic ones are used. sewer pipes, but this is not an axiom. Some owners prefer asbestos-cement or steel products. Trays, grooves, gratings can also be made of plastic. An important element of the system are prefabricated wells. You can buy them at a hardware store. They are not cheap, however, they are easier to work with, they are more reliable and durable compared to self-made reinforced concrete tanks.

If it is planned that atmospheric precipitation will be used for watering the garden, lawn, flower beds, it is imperative to install deep filters.

Excavation

When arranging a storm sewer system, there is no need to dig deep pits and trenches. It will be enough to have a hole, the depth of which does not exceed 40 cm. All earthworks can be done with your own hands using an ordinary shovel. This allows you to save on the use of heavy earthmoving equipment.

In order for storm sewers to function effectively, when digging a trench and a pit for a well, the level of slope of the sewer pipes should be taken into account. The pipeline leans towards the house by 5-10 cm per linear meter.

Installation of the roofing part

You can proceed to the installation work only after the sewerage project has been drawn up, the amount of materials has been calculated, and the tools have been prepared. The sewerage consists of two parts. The roof pipeline is designed to collect atmospheric precipitation from the roof. If the roof is flat, a slope of 2% of the total length must be taken into account. Installation work is carried out in a certain sequence.

The first step is to install rain inlets. These are elements where precipitation from the atmosphere directly falls. For high-quality fastening, small holes should be made. When installing rainwater inlets, use bituminous mastic. The joints of the elements should be carefully sealed with sealing compounds.
Further, receiving sewer pipes (point system) or trays (linear system) are installed.
When organizing a point sewer, risers designed to collect wastewater are attached. If a linear system is being equipped, sewer pipes are installed.
Now you can begin to implement the spillway system. When performing open-type storm sewers, they mount drainage with trays with their own hands, when closed - a collector.
All elements of the storm system that are mounted on the roof or along the walls of the house must be secured with clamps.

Note! Storm sewers can be point or linear. In the first case, drains are collected only in a few places on the roof. It is suitable for protection against excess water on small areas. If a tap is required over a large area, linear systems are installed.

Installation of the ground part

The ground part of the sewer system is open or in a closed way. The main elements of the sewer:

storm water inlet;
door tray;
storm channels;
sand trap;
a well for collecting wastewater;
lawn trellises.

After calculating the slope, carrying out earthworks, insulating trenches from freezing during the cold period, ground storm water inlets are installed. Next, sand should be poured to the bottom of the trenches and compacted. Trays and pipes are laid in trenches. Now you can connect all the elements of the storm sewer into one. At the last stage, the laid trays are cemented, lawn grates are installed and trenches are buried.

Ground part of the sewer system

Note! The efficiency of the functioning of the storm sewer depends on the quality of the installation work, so you should not carry out the installation without being confident in your abilities.

Solving the question of how to make a storm sewer with your own hands is not so difficult. If you follow the recommendations of professionals, do not be stingy when purchasing materials, do not rush when performing installation work, the drainage system will work for a long time and efficiently, ensuring the comfort of residents of a country house.

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