The cleanliness of the painted surfaces depends on the number of operations performed and the sequence of work. According to the purity of execution, simple, improved and high-quality colorings are distinguished.
With a simple painting on wood with oil paint, 7 operations are performed: cleaning from dust and dirt; cutting knots, dowels, pitching, cutting cracks or crevices; pro-oiling of the entire product; lubrication of all defects, grinding of lubricated places; first coloring; second coloration.
Improved coloration requires 15 operations. In addition to what is included in a simple painting, a continuous surface puttying with grinding of dried putty, a primer, and a leveling of the primer with a flute are performed. After a good drying of the primer, it is polished with pumice stone or fine-grained sandpaper, removing all the smallest bumps and sagging of the primer. Then, the first coloring is done with flattening, drying and polishing, and the second coloring is done with flattening or trimming. The paint should be filtered through a frequent sieve so that there are not even the smallest grains or clots in it.
High quality painting requires 17 operations. In addition to the operations that are performed with improved coloring, two more are added - the second filling and grinding. In high-quality painting, the smallest grains in the paint are unacceptable.
When painting walls on plastered, concrete, brick walls the paint is shaded with vertical strokes. On chopped walls, it is applied and shaded along the fibers of the tree (along the length of the logs).
When painting ceilings finishing touches(shading) should be directed in the direction of the light rays, or along the length of the ceiling.
If there are cornices in the room, then first paint the plane of the ceiling, and then proceed to the cornices. In the corners of the cornices, first, they are painted with a small handbrake or flute, having previously trimmed such places. Parts of the walls that are located under the eaves should be painted 1 cm lower if the walls are painted with a paint of a different color. The white color below the cornice is removed during the primer, and this place is primed. the walls under the eaves are pre-painted with a handbrake, i.e. a strip 15-25 cm wide is removed, and then the walls themselves are painted.
The corners of window frames are especially carefully painted, because gaps are most often found here. The applied paint or enamel is shaded along the binding bars. There should be no unpainted places near the glass. Traces of paint from the glass after it has dried are removed with a chisel or sharp knife. The bindings after staining are left open for two days, so that the paint is completely dry in the places of the vestibule.
When painting a door, the paint is first applied across, carefully shading it, and then shading along the height of the door. The work can be done with brushes or rollers. When coloring the platbands, the paint is shaded along their length. In order not to accidentally paint over the devices, they must be unscrewed and replaced only after the paint has dried.
High-quality coloring depends on the applied paints and varnishes (LKM). Currently on the market a large number of paint and varnish products, in order to understand it, there is a marking of paintwork materials in the form of a cipher. A cipher is a sequence of character groups.
The first group of characters of the cipher is the name of the type of coatings, which are described above, for example, "paint", "primer", "enamel", "putty", "lacquer".
The second group of characters in the cipher (two or three capital letters) indicates the chemical nature of the film-forming substance. For example: “GF” means “glyphthalic”, i.e. such coatings, the film former in which are alkyd glycerophthalate resins; "EP" - "epoxy", i.e. paints and varnishes on the epoxy resins; "B" - on perchlorovinyl; "VA" - on polyvinyl acetate, etc.
The third character in the cipher indicates the recommended area of ​​​​use and is a single digit separated from the previous group of characters by a hyphen. For example, the number "1" indicates that the coating is intended for weatherproof coatings; "2" - for limited weather resistance (operated under a canopy and indoors, both heated and not heated); "3" - indicates that the coating is intended for the so-called conservation coatings, the purpose of which is to protect the metal product from corrosion for a short period, for example, during transportation from the manufacturer to the place of operation. Before putting the product into operation, the preservation coating is usually removed. The number "4" indicates that the coating formed from this material is resistant to hot water, "5" denotes coatings for special, unusual purposes, for example, coatings from which glow in the dark or repel rodents. The number "b" indicates that the coating formed from this coating is resistant to petroleum products, "7" - resistance to aggressive gases and liquids, "8" - indicates that the coating will "work" when elevated temperatures, and "9" - to have high electrical insulating properties. The number "0" means that the material is a primer, and two zeros "00" means that we have a putty in front of us. These figures indicate only the predominant, but by no means the only purpose of the material.
The fourth group of characters indicates the serial number assigned this material authorities state registration. It can consist of one, two or three digits that are appended to the first digit (or two zeros) without a separator character.

ORDER OF LENIN

MOSORGSTROY

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD
FOR WATER EMULSION AND OIL COLORING
WALLS AND CEILINGS

Moscow - 1983

Typical flow chart developed by the design and technology department finishing works trust Mosorgstroy (L.K. Nemtsyn, A.N. Strigina) and agreed with the Department of Finishing Works of Glavmosstroy (V.I. Malin).

The map shows the technological sequence of work for water-based and oil painting, there are sections on safety, workplace organization, and the quality of the work performed. A standard set of tools and fixtures is given.

APPLICATION AREA

1.1. Routing designed for water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures.

1.2. The scope of work covered by the map includes:

preparation of surfaces of building structures for painting;

surface painting building structures indoors with water-based paints;

painting surfaces of building structures indoors oil paints.

1.3. Type of painting: simple, improved, high quality, painting colors are set by the project.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1. Painting works indoors should be made after the end of general construction and special works with the exception of parquet flooring, linoleum stickers, flooring made of synthetic materials. Window frames must be glazed. Before the start of painting work at the construction site, surfaces must be accepted with the participation of work foremen and foremen in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III -21-73 "Finishing coatings of building structures".

2.2. Surface preparation and painting may be carried out at an air temperature of at least 10 °C and ventilation providing relative humidity air is not more than 70%, the humidity of the surface of structures should not be more than 8%.

A. Preparation of surfaces of building structures for painting

2.3. Requirements for surfaces to be prepared for painting (GOST 22844-72).

Table 1

2.4. It is allowed to prepare for painting the surfaces of building structures and their junctions (corners, junctions, joints) that do not have deviations from the design position given in Table. , as well as through and shrinkage cracks, opened to a width of more than 3 mm.

2.5. Surfaces to be prepared for painting should be free of dirt, stains and efflorescence. The surfaces of industrial products must meet the requirements of the standards for these products. Plastered structures should not have plaster detachments from the surface of structures, traces of a trowel tool, or mortar streaks. Surfaces lined with sheets of dry gypsum plaster must not have:

violations of fastening sheets;

delamination of cardboard from gypsum from the end of the sheet by more than 20 mm;

tearing of cardboard with exposure of gypsum for a length of more than 30 mm;

more than two broken corners in the joint of sheets over the entire surface and more than one broken corner in one joint.

Surfaces lined with asbestos-cement sheets to be prepared for painting should not have bevels, rips, sags, or distortions.

2.6. When preparing surfaces for painting, the following technological operations should be performed:

surface cleaning;

surface smoothing;

jointing of cracks;

priming;

partial grease;

grinding of greased places;

solid putty;

grinding;

second solid putty;

grinding.

2.7. They clean the surfaces and cracks on it from dust, dirt, splashes and streaks of the solution using metal scrapers, a bream, artificial pumice stone fixed in a holder or a hinged grater (Fig.,). Fat stains are washed with a 2% hydrochloric acid solution with a brush; efflorescence on the surface is swept away with brushes, the cleaned places are washed and the surface is dried to a moisture content of not more than 8%. Cracks are embroidered with a plaster knife or a metal spatula to a depth of 2 mm.

Surface priming

2.8. Before painting with water-based compositions, the first priming of the surface is performed with a soap maker prepared in accordance with TU 400-2-143-77 (Notice No. 1 on extension until 1982) from bone glue, drying oil, laundry soap and water.

Soap primer at a construction site is prepared from a concentrated base (jelly) produced by the Stroydetal plant of the Mosotdelprom trust in the form of briquettes weighing 1 kg. The jelly is used for 10 days in summer and 20 days in winter. To prepare the primer, the weight part of the jelly is poured into two parts of hot water ( t= 80 °С). Then the composition is stirred until the jelly is completely dissolved, 3 parts are added cold water and mix thoroughly again. Before use, the primer is filtered through a sieve with 625 holes/cm 2 . The primer must be homogeneous, without traces of delamination, undissolved pieces of soap, and also without grains of sand and other debris. Inflict primer composition mechanized way using an electric spray gun or spray gun. To obtain a uniform primer layer, the fishing rod is moved along the surface at a distance of 0.75 m from the seam, while simultaneously making smooth circular movements in a spiral. The second and third priming is carried out with a paint composition diluted with water to a viscosity of 40 - 43 seconds according to VZ-4, applied using a roller.

2.9. Before painting with oil compositions, the surfaces are pro-oiled with the following composition:

drying oil, kg - 1

pigment for subcolor, kg - 0.05 - 0.1

solvent (turpentine, gasoline, etc.), kg - 0.05 - 0.1

Pigment is introduced into drying oil with thorough mixing and the mixture is passed through a sieve with a mesh of 918 resp./cm 2 . Before use, a solvent is added to the composition to a working consistency.

The second and, if necessary, the third primer is performed with a color scheme to match the color of the final color, diluted with drying oil or emulsion to a more liquid consistency.

The primer is applied to the surface in a thin, even, continuous layer, without gaps, carefully shading. The primed surface should have an even color without separate glossy or matte spots.

2.10. Embroidered cracks, shells and other irregularities are filled with putty using a steel or wooden spatula. After the greased places dry out, they are polished with a pumice stone inserted into the clip, or with a sanding skin fixed in the clip.

2.11. The putty used to fill cracks, sinks and leveling surfaces should be a homogeneous non-separating mass, have the property of strong adhesion to the surface, and be easily leveled on the treated surface. Putty is prepared centrally at the Stroydetal plant and delivered to the construction site packed in plastic bags weighing 15 kg. At the place of work, the putty is passed for grinding in the CO-116 paint grinder (if necessary).

The first solid putty should be done with a composition that differs in color from the first primer layer and the partial grease layer.

The putty is applied in a uniform continuous layer 2–3 mm thick “on the strip” with a metal or plastic spatula, followed by smoothing and removing excess putty until gaps of the lower layer appear from under it. Putty should fill only the cavities. The second and subsequent solid putties are performed with a composition that differs in color from the first, etc. (rice. , ).

2.12. Grinding of solid putty is carried out using mechanical grinders IE-2201A with sandpaper, reinforced on a wooden grater, pumice stone until a smooth surface is obtained, followed by dust removal with a vacuum cleaner.

2.13. Surfaces prepared for painting should not be bleached, and should not have deviations exceeding those given in Table. , cracks in places of puttying, emerging stripes and spots (GOST 22844-72).

Table 2

Requirements for surfaces prepared for painting

Surfaces prepared for painting should be checked in any place, but at least in three places for unevenness and local defects.

Painting surfaces of building structures indoors with water-based paints

2.14. Emulsion paints are produced by industry different colors ready to use. Before use, the paint is thoroughly mixed, brought to a working consistency by adding water. It is impossible to apply water-based paints on surfaces previously treated with vitriol.

2.15. For the first coloring, the viscosity of the water-based paint is adjusted to 50 - 70 s, according to VZ-4, and for the second - 70 - 80 s. The surface is painted with rollers on elongated handles directly from the floor or with brushes. Before this, a handbrake brush is used to layer the ceilings and baseboards and paint the inner corners.

Painting surfaces of building structures indoors with oil paints

2.16. Oil paints are a suspension of the corresponding pigment (iron minium, mummy, ocher, etc.), rubbed on drying oil.

Before use, they are brought to a paint consistency by diluting natural drying oil in the amount of 30 - 40% by weight of the thickened paint. After dilution with drying oil, if necessary, dilute with white spirit in an amount of not more than 5% by weight of the diluted paint.

If the primer is applied by hand, it is prepared according to the recipe specified in paragraph . Drying oil is added with stirring to the thickly ground paint of the same color that the coloring composition should have for subsequent coloring.

When applying the primer by air spraying, a VM emulsion (water:oil) is used, which is prepared centrally at the Stroydetal plant of Mosotdelprom. The emulsion is delivered to the construction site ready for use in cans.

Apply the emulsion using an electric spray gun or spray gun, see p.

2.17. Painting with water-based and oil paints is carried out with rollers or brushes. When painting with a brush, it is immersed in a container with paint for 1/4 of the length of the bristles. First, the paint is applied in bold, somewhat receding stripes from one another and shaded in the transverse, and then, finally, in the longitudinal direction.

When painting with a roller, the roller is lowered into the bath and rolled once or twice on an inclined grid, squeezing out excess paint. Then the roller is rolled over the surface. Coloring is done in two or three passes with a roller: the first pass is carried out by vertical movements of the roller; the second - in a horizontal direction, shading the applied layer. With each subsequent pass of the roller, the previous one should be overlapped by 3-4 cm (Fig. ).

2.18. Flattening is performed with the end of a dry brush without pressing on the flute by reciprocal movements of the flute until the brush marks and streaks are completely removed from the surface (Fig. ).

2.19. Trimming (if necessary) is performed with a dry trimming brush, applying light blows to the freshly painted surface (Fig. ).

2.20. Painting must be carried out in compliance with the "Safety in Construction" and "Fire Safety Rules for Construction and Installation Works".

Particular attention should be paid to the following: painting work at height should be carried out from inventory scaffolding, stepladders, universal trestle tables, mobile towers and other inventory devices. When performing work on flights of stairs it is necessary to use special scaffolds (tables) with different lengths of support posts installed on the steps.

The work floor must behorizontal and have railings.

It is allowed to store painting materials only in places specially provided for by the PPR.

When preparing paint compositions with a paint grater, the following precautions must be taken:

prevent overheating of the electric motor during the operation of the paint grinder;

do not leave a working paint grinder unattended;

do not allow unauthorized persons who have not undergone special training to work on the paint grinder.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training and have received a certificate for the right to work with these tools are allowed to work with electrified tools.

Protective goggles must be worn when cleaning the surface and grinding. When washing surfaces with a solution of hydrochloric acid Workers should wear safety goggles, rubber boots and gloves. Dilute the acid by slowly pouring it into the water. Prepare and store paints, varnish, solvents should be in separate buildings equipped with ventilation. Containers for adhesives and paints should be stored in a specially designated place outdoors on a designated area, at least 30 m away from the place of work.

2.21. The front of painting works is divided into sections. The size of the occupants is determined taking into account the output reached by the link, each occupancy must consist of an integer number of apartments in residential buildings, a whole number of premises in administrative, school and cultural buildings. In industrial buildings, the grip should consist of an integer number of spans.

2.22. Works on painting with oil and water-based compositions are carried out by specialized units of two people each: painters of the 4th and 2nd category. First, both members of the link prepare the surfaces for painting, that is, they smooth or clean the surfaces and expand the cracks. Then the painter of the 4th category performs the priming of the surfaces with an electric spray gun or roller. After drying the primed surface, the painter of the 2nd category performs a partial lubrication of individual places, then both members of the link perform continuous puttying of the surface, then polishing it. The second priming, puttying and subsequent painting of the surfaces are carried out by both members of the link.

3. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Table 3

Labor costing

4. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

4.1. The need for basic materials and semi-finished products

Table 4

4.2. The need for machines, equipment, tools and fixtures per link

Table 5

Before starting work, prepare the surface to be painted. This is very important, otherwise you will not be able to achieve the desired result. Before painting, check that the surface of the walls is even.

High-quality wall painting (2-3 layers) price: m2 / 180 rubles.

Working process:

• Before painting the walls, peel off old wallpaper and putty. The work is long, but it must be done carefully. If it remains on the walls old stuff, then it will cause the new one to lag behind. The surface of the walls must be completely cleaned.
• After cleaning the walls from the old material, proceed to the priming of the walls. Wall primer is used to free walls from dust. After the primer, a film appears on the wall, which will ensure the durability of the putty layer that will be applied on top of the primer.
• After priming, the walls should be leveled. Used to level walls. gypsum plaster. The plaster is applied with a spatula, rubbing. Try to make the walls as even as possible. After applying the plaster, you need to let it dry. Check that the plaster has dried well enough.
• After applying the plaster, the walls are puttied, so that the walls become smooth. It takes place in two stages: the first is to apply the starting putty, the second is to apply finishing putty. The surface of the wall is flat, so the task is to make it smooth. Putty should also be applied with a spatula, only the layer should be thin.
• The next step is grinding. Before sanding, make sure the putty is completely dry. For grinding, you will need a respirator and a bar with a special mesh. Grinding takes place in a circular motion, removing all irregularities. After grinding, re-coat the surface of the walls with a primer, wait until it dries.
• The final step is painting the walls. pour paint desired color into a cuvette, dip the roller into the paint, apply the paint with a roller on the surface of the walls. Apply paint gradually and evenly. For good result it is better to apply paint in two or three layers. Then the surface of the walls is painted evenly and the desired result is obtained.

1.1. The technological map has been developed for water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures.

1.2. The scope of work covered by the map includes:

preparation of surfaces of building structures for painting;

painting surfaces of building structures indoors with water-based paints;

painting surfaces of building structures indoors with oil paints.

1.3. Type of painting: simple, improved, high quality, painting colors are set by the project.

2.1. Painting work inside the premises should be carried out after completion of general construction and special works, with the exception of parquet flooring, linoleum stickers, flooring made of synthetic materials. Window frames must be glazed. Before starting painting work at a construction site, surfaces must be accepted with the participation of work foremen and foremen in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-21-73 "Finishing coatings of building structures".

2.2. Surface preparation and painting may be carried out at an air temperature of at least 10 °C and ventilation providing a relative air humidity of not more than 70%, the humidity of the structure surface should not exceed 8%.

2.3. Requirements for surfaces to be prepared for painting (GOST 22844-72).

Table 1

2.4. It is allowed to prepare for painting the surfaces of building structures and their junctions (corners, junctions, joints) that do not have deviations from the design position given in Table 1, as well as through and shrinkage cracks opened to a width of more than 3 mm.

2.5. Surfaces to be prepared for painting should be free of dirt, stains and efflorescence. The surfaces of industrial products must meet the requirements of the standards for these products. Plastered structures should not have plaster detachments from the surface of structures, traces of a trowel tool, or mortar streaks. Surfaces lined with sheets of dry gypsum plaster must not have:

Violations of fastening sheets;

Exfoliation of cardboard from gypsum from the end of the sheet by more than 20 mm;

Tears of cardboard with exposure of gypsum to a length of more than 30 mm;

More than two broken corners in the joint of sheets over the entire surface and more than one broken corner in one joint.

Surfaces lined with asbestos-cement sheets, to be prepared for painting, should not have rims, rips, sags, or distortions.

2.6. When preparing surfaces for painting, the following technological operations should be performed:

Surface cleaning;

Surface smoothing;

Jointing of cracks;

Priming;

Partial grease;

Grinding greased places;

Solid putty;

Grinding;

The second solid putty;

Grinding.

2.7. They clean the surfaces and cracks on it from dust, dirt, splashes and streaks of the solution using metal scrapers, a bream, artificial pumice stone fixed in a clip or hinged. Fat stains are washed with a 2% hydrochloric acid solution using a brush; efflorescence on the surface is swept away with brushes, the cleaned places are washed and the surface is dried to a moisture content of not more than 8%. Cracks are embroidered with a plaster knife or a metal spatula to a depth of 2 mm.

Surface priming

2.8. Before painting with water-based compositions, the first priming of the surface is performed with a soap maker prepared in accordance with TU 400-2-143-77 (Notice No. 1 on extension until 1982) from bone glue, drying oil, laundry soap and water.

Soap primer at a construction site is prepared from a concentrated base (jelly) produced by the Stroydetal plant of the Mosotdelprom trust in the form of briquettes weighing 1 kg. The jelly is used for 10 days in summer and 20 days in winter. To prepare the primer, the weight part of the jelly is poured into two parts of hot water ( t= 80 °С). Then the composition is stirred until the jelly is completely dissolved, 3 parts of cold water are added and again thoroughly mixed. Before use, the primer is filtered through a sieve with 625 holes/cm 2 . The primer must be homogeneous, without traces of delamination, undissolved pieces of soap, and also without grains of sand and other debris. The primer composition is applied mechanized using an electric spray gun or airbrush. To obtain a uniform primer layer, the fishing rod is moved along the surface at a distance of 0.75 m from the seam, while simultaneously making smooth circular movements in a spiral. The second and third priming is carried out with a paint composition diluted with water to a viscosity of 40 - 43 seconds according to VZ-4, applied using a roller.

2.9. Before painting oil formulations perform surface polishing with the following composition:

drying oil, kg - 1

pigment for subcolor, kg - 0.05 - 0.1

solvent (turpentine, gasoline, etc.), kg - 0.05 - 0.1

Pigment is introduced into drying oil with thorough mixing and the mixture is passed through a sieve with a mesh of 918 resp./cm 2 . Before use, a solvent is added to the composition to a working consistency.

The second and, if necessary, the third primer is performed with a color scheme to match the color of the final color, diluted with drying oil or emulsion to a more liquid consistency.

The primer is applied to the surface in a thin, even, continuous layer, without gaps, carefully shading. The primed surface should have an even color without separate glossy or matte spots.

2.10. Embroidered cracks, shells and other irregularities are filled with putty using a steel or wooden spatula. After the greased places dry out, they are polished with a pumice stone inserted into the clip, or with a sanding skin fixed in the clip.

2.11. The putty used to fill cracks, sinks and leveling surfaces should be a homogeneous non-separating mass, have the property of strong adhesion to the surface, and be easily leveled on the treated surface. Putty is prepared centrally at the Stroydetal plant and delivered to the construction site packed in 15 kg plastic bags. At the place of work, the putty is passed for grinding in the CO-116 paint grinder (if necessary).

The first solid putty should be done with a composition that differs in color from the first primer layer and the partial grease layer.

The putty is applied in a uniform continuous layer 2–3 mm thick “on the strip” with a metal or plastic spatula, followed by smoothing and removing excess putty until gaps of the lower layer appear from under it. Putty should fill only the cavities. The second and subsequent solid putties are performed with a composition that differs in color from the first, etc. (Fig. 3, 4).

2.12. Grinding of solid putty is carried out using mechanical grinders IE-2201A with sandpaper, reinforced on a wooden grater, pumice stone until a smooth surface is obtained, followed by dust removal with a vacuum cleaner.

2.13. Surfaces prepared for painting should not be bleached, and should not have deviations exceeding those given in Table. 2, cracks in places of puttying, emerging stripes and spots (GOST 22844-72).

table 2

Requirements for surfaces prepared for painting

Surfaces prepared for painting should be checked in any place, but at least in three places for unevenness and local defects.

Painting surfaces of building structures indoors with water-based paints

2.14. Emulsion paints are produced by the industry in different colors, ready for use. Before use, the paint is thoroughly mixed, brought to a working consistency by adding water. It is impossible to apply water-based paints on surfaces previously treated with vitriol.

2.15. For the first coloring, the viscosity of the water-based paint is adjusted to 50 - 70 s, according to VZ-4, and for the second - 70 - 80 s. The surface is painted with rollers on elongated handles directly from the floor or with brushes. Before this, a handbrake brush is used to layer the ceilings and baseboards and paint the inner corners.

Painting surfaces of building structures indoors with oil paints

2.16. Oil paints are a suspension of the corresponding pigment (iron minium, mummy, ocher, etc.), rubbed on drying oil.

Before use, they are brought to a paint consistency by diluting with natural drying oil in an amount of 30 - 40% by weight of the thickly grated paint. After dilution with drying oil, if necessary, dilute with white spirit in an amount of not more than 5% by weight of the diluted paint.

If the primer is applied by hand, it is prepared according to the recipe specified in paragraph 2.9. Drying oil is added with stirring to the thickly ground paint of the same color that the coloring composition should have for subsequent coloring.

When applying the primer by air spraying, a VM emulsion (water:oil) is used, which is prepared centrally at the Stroydetal plant of Mosotdelprom. The emulsion is delivered to the construction site ready for use in cans.

Apply the emulsion using an electric spray gun or spray gun, see clause 2.8.

2.17. Painting with water-based and oil paints is carried out with rollers or brushes. When painting with a brush, it is immersed in a container with paint for 1/4 of the length of the bristles. First, the paint is applied in bold, somewhat receding stripes from one another and shaded in the transverse, and then, finally, in the longitudinal direction.

When painting with a roller, the roller is lowered into the bath and rolled once or twice on an inclined grid, squeezing out excess paint. Then the roller is rolled over the surface. Coloring is done in two or three passes with a roller: the first pass is carried out by vertical movements of the roller; the second - in a horizontal direction, shading the applied layer. With each subsequent pass of the roller, the previous one should be overlapped by 3 - 4 cm (Fig. 5).

2.18. Flattening is performed with the end of a dry brush without pressure on the flute by reciprocal movements of the flute until the brush marks and streaks are completely removed from the surface (Fig. 6).

2.19. Trimming (if necessary) is performed with a dry trimming brush, applying light blows to the freshly painted surface (Fig. 7).

2.20. Painting must be carried out in compliance with SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in Construction" and "Fire Safety Rules for Construction and Installation Works".

Particular attention should be paid to the following: painting work at height should be carried out from inventory scaffolding, ladders, universal trestle tables, mobile towers and other inventory devices. When performing work on flights of stairs, it is necessary to use special scaffolding (tables) with different lengths of support posts installed on the steps.

The working platform must be horizontal and have railings.

It is allowed to store painting materials only in places specially provided for by the PPR.

When preparing paint compositions with a paint grater, the following precautions must be taken:

prevent overheating of the electric motor during the operation of the paint grinder;

do not leave a working paint grinder unattended;

do not allow unauthorized persons who have not undergone special training to work on the paint grinder.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training and have received a certificate for the right to work with these tools are allowed to work with electrified tools.

Protective goggles must be worn when cleaning the surface and grinding. When washing surfaces with hydrochloric acid solution, workers should wear goggles, rubber boots and gloves. Dilute the acid by slowly pouring it into the water. Prepare and store paints, varnish, solvents should be in separate buildings equipped with ventilation. Containers for adhesives and paints should be stored in a specially designated place outdoors on a designated area, at least 30 m away from the place of work.

2.21. The front of painting works is divided into sections. The size of the occupants is determined taking into account the output achieved by the link, each occupancy should consist of an integer number of apartments in residential buildings, an integer number of premises in administrative, school and cultural buildings. In industrial buildings, the grip should consist of an integer number of spans.

2.22. Works on painting with oil and water-based compositions are carried out by specialized units of two people each: painters of the 4th and 2nd category. First, both members of the link prepare the surfaces for painting, that is, they smooth or clean the surfaces and expand the cracks. Then the painter of the 4th category performs the priming of the surfaces with an electric spray gun or roller. After drying the primed surface, the painter of the 2nd category performs a partial lubrication of individual places, then both members of the link perform continuous puttying of the surface, then polishing it. The second priming, puttying and subsequent painting of surfaces is carried out by both members of the link

Wall painting is cheap and in an easy way surface finishes. About the nuances of implementation this process and will be discussed in our article.

The price of painting the walls depends on what kind of work will be chosen. There are three types of wall painting:

• simple;
• improved;
• high quality.

Simple staining consists of 5 main steps:

• surface cleaning;
• its alignment;
• elimination of defects;
• priming walls;
• painting.

Improved wall painting involves 8 consecutive steps:

• wall cleaning;
• their alignment;
• elimination of defects;
• applying the first layer of primer;
• puttying rough areas;
• sanding areas with putty;
• applying a second layer of primer;
• wall painting.

High-quality wall painting differs from the improved one in that it includes two continuous wall puttying and two surface grinding, as well as the application of a third coat of primer before painting.

Surface preparation

At this stage, the following is carried out:

• removal of the old coating;
• removal of contaminants;
• wall alignment;
• surface priming.

Removing the old coating

This process involves performing actions depending on the type of old coating:

• repeatedly painted surface is cleaned with a spatula;
• whitewash is removed with a brush that is soaked in water;
• adhesive surface is wetted hot water followed by removal with a spatula;
• if the adhesive surface has not been removed, then a solution of hydrochloric acid (2-3%) is used.

In most cases, you will have to deal with the removal of old wallpapers. To remove normal paper wallpaper Just wet them with water. When in contact with water, the wallpaper swells. Moisture gets to the glue under the wallpaper. As a result, the wallpaper from the walls is easily removed along with the glue.

The situation is slightly more complicated with waterproof material ( vinyl wallpapers). In this case, the wallpaper is impregnated with several layers of water. It is recommended to mix water with cellulose adhesive, due to which water is retained in the pores of the adhesive for a longer time. You can also remove wallpaper from the wall using a special electric steamer.

Removal of contaminants

Dirt, rust, soot, greasy stains - all these defects must be eliminated before painting the walls. If this is not done, then the dirt will appear through the film of the paint and varnish product.

Soot removal and greasy spots carried out using a 5% solution soda ash. To do this, 0.4-0.5 kg of soda is dissolved in a bucket of water. To clean the surface from soot, you can also use a 3% hydrochloric acid solution.

Hot water may be enough to remove rust. After that, the surface is treated with a 10% solution blue vitriol. If smudges of rust still remain on the wall, then you can make them invisible with the help of rosin varnish, metal primer or white enamel, which dries quickly.

If there is a reinforcing mesh under the plastered surface, it is possible to prevent rust on the wall by applying an acrylic primer.

Wall alignment

An integral part of wall painting technology is surface leveling. Today, drywall or plaster is used for these purposes.

With the help of drywall, you can perfectly level the surface. There is its mounting:

• on a metal frame;
• directly to the wall using a special KNAUF adhesive.

Naturally, the use of drywall to level the surface will significantly increase the cost of painting the walls. Except paint and varnish products, need to purchase finishing material, galvanized profiles and other elements for creating a frame ("crabs", suspensions, self-tapping screws).

Then you have to practice. This will increase the preparation time for painting the walls. If financial opportunities allow, then the use of drywall will become best solution to level the surface.

Aligning walls with help is pretty laborious process. This is due to the fact that it is necessary to apply several layers of material. And each layer must dry completely.

Surface priming

Coating the walls with a primer is the final mandatory stage preparatory phase. Without priming the surface, the paint will absorb more. There will be matte spots that will stand out from the main color of the wall.

The primer is applied twice:

• after cleaning the surface;
• after polishing the finishing putty.

Applies deep penetration, which is characterized by increased operational qualities. To apply the composition, you can use both a roller and an airbrush.

Paint selection

Most suitable material for do-it-yourself painting of walls in a residential area is water-based paint. This is explained by its excellent characteristics:

• environmental friendliness (does not contain toxins);
• no pungent odor (does not cause an allergic reaction);
• ease of use (no need to dilute with solvents and other "chemistry");
• fast drying;
• safety original form for long period time;
• diversity color solutions(suitable for any interior);
• compatibility with other finishing materials.

Water-based paints are divided into:

• acrylic;
• latex;
• silicone.

Acrylic products are in the greatest demand. They are characterized by:

• minimum cost;
• burnout resistance;
• uniform application from the first time;
• strength and elasticity (thanks to acrylic resin).

The main advantage of latex water-based paints is increased wear resistance. After it dries, the surface is covered moisture resistant film. Thanks to latex paint, you can even close up small cracks (up to 1 mm).

The most expensive products are silicone paints. Due to its excellent moisture-resistant properties and high elasticity, the material is used for painting the walls of rooms with high humidity(bathroom, kitchen, bathroom).

You can cover the walls with silicone paint when the plaster is not completely dry. This is due to the fact that the material is vapor permeable. Walls to be applied silicone paint can be washed with any detergent.

Wall painting video:

Preparing paint for work

The primary material for painting walls has a rather thick consistency. A small amount of water will have to be added to the paint (except when creating textured drawings). To mix paint with water, it is better to use a drill with a mixer nozzle.

After obtaining the optimal density, one or more colors are added to the paint. The combination of colors can be carried out indefinitely. You just need to study the instructions, which indicate the proportions of mixed colors to obtain the desired color. It should also be noted that during the drying process, the paint may change shade.

To determine the need for material, the length of the wall is multiplied by its width (surface area is found). Paint consumption per 1 m² is indicated on each can. Multiplying the paint consumption by the wall area, it turns out required amount material per layer. If two layers are applied, then the amount is multiplied by another 2. Experts recommend adding 15-20% to the total amount.

It is better to paint the walls at a temperature from + 5ºС to + 20ºС. When too high temperature paint dries quickly. And this is fraught with uneven surface coverage and the occurrence of rolling, which will become noticeable after the wall dries.

The minimum air humidity should be 80%. At low humidity, the walls dry quickly. If necessary, you can increase the humidity. To do this, use a humidifier. In the room where the walls are painted, there should be no drafts.

wall painting

The best tool for painting is a medium-length nap roller. With its help, the material is evenly distributed over the surface. Brushes are used to apply paint in joints and hard-to-reach places.

The wall painting technique includes the following steps:

• a small amount of paint is poured into the tray;
• the roller is lowered into the container;
• the roller is rolled out on thick paper (it should be saturated normally);
• painting starts from the top of the wall, gradually descending;
• 2-3 layers are applied.

If you need to paint wooden walls, then you need to carry out the following preliminary work:

• treat the walls with an antiseptic;
• replace wood in areas that are affected by rot;
• drown nail heads in wood;
• cover with putty the places where the knots fell out or the boards dried out;
• sand the surface with sandpaper;
• wash off the remains of the skin and wood with water.

Coloring wooden walls made with the same material as they were finished earlier. Otherwise it will lead to swelling old paint with the subsequent appearance of cracks on the wall.

Decorative painting

It is clear that the walls, painted in one color, after a while begin to get a little bored. This problem can be solved by decorating the surface. There are several ways to decorate walls.

Steepling

With this decoration of the walls, the effect of aging of a single-color surface occurs. The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of hiding some of the flaws in the wall: chips, bumps, small cracks. In this regard, due attention is paid to surface preparation.

Stipling consists of the following steps:

• covering the wall with paint of the desired color;
• cooking acrylic paint with a pleasant contrasting shade;
• adding colored glaze to the contrasting paint;
• applying glaze to the wall (you can use a wide flat brush);
• brush touching the non-dried material (the stains will become invisible, and the surface will become with the original texture);
• lightly pressing the miter brush against the wall (movements are made randomly and without strong pressure).

When passing the brush over the surface, the glaze should be periodically scraped off from it. If you need to create a more detailed and fine aging effect, then use a sponge (it must be dry).

Skin effect

This kind decorative coloring will fit into the interior of the living room or office. The effect "Skin" is created as follows:

• the walls are cleaned of the old coating and washed with a damp cloth;
• areas that will not be painted are sealed with masking tape;
• two layers of latex paint of the required color are applied to the wall;
• the paint dries up;
• suede fabric is cut into several shreds 7-8 cm wide;
• the shreds are folded in half, connected and fixed at the fold with an elastic band (that is, a panicle is made of suede);
• glaze is mixed with latex paint, which is more dark shade painted wall colors
• dark paint with glaze is applied to small plot walls;
• a suede panicle is wetted in water, squeezed out and carried out over the wet glaze (a small layer of coating should be removed);
• strongly pronounced lines on the wall are additionally moistened with suede fabric.

Movements with a suede brush are aimed at creating a natural skin texture: small wrinkles, bumps and "pores".

Imitation of Venetian plaster

Venetian plaster - stylish option for wall decoration. But it is quite an expensive material.

The best solution would be to paint the walls under Venetian plaster:

• a large amount of paint is poured into a large container (preferably to the very edge);
• a colorful pigment is added to one of the conditional halves of the container;
• in this half, the pigment is mixed with the paint;
• the formation of two sides should occur, differing in shades: light and dark;
• light paint is collected with a plastic spatula, which is applied to the wall;
• the same movements are made with a spatula as when finishing the surface with plaster (from bottom to top, from right to left);
• Parts of the wall are covered with dark paint.

As a result of painting the surface, areas with light and dark paint should alternate. For creating maximum effect on the upper part wall applied light material, on the bottom - a darker paint.

Using a rag roller

This surface decoration creates a warm comfortable environment. For this reason, such wall painting will be the best solution for decorating a child's room and bedroom. With the help of a rag roller, all cracks, chips and uneven surfaces are made invisible.

The technology for creating a glazed surface is as follows:

• the wall is covered with base paint;
• the coating dries up;
• harmonious paint is prepared with a slightly contrasting shade (water emulsion is mixed with ordinary water);
• a clean rag is dipped into the prepared composition (it is not necessary to completely soak it);
• the rag is twisted into a tourniquet;
• paint should be evenly distributed over the roller.

Applying paint to the wall starts from the top. During painting, the direction of movement of the roller necessarily changes. To get a beautiful texture pattern, the tool unfolds at different angles.

Video about decorative coloring walls: