Creating furniture that is comfortable for a person has always been the main task of manufacturers. But if in old times the master was guided by experience and intuition; in the 20th century, science - ergonomics - was already working to achieve comfort. Since the 1940s, based on the average height of the inhabitants, the sizes of apartments, the optimal dimensions of its furnishings were calculated, and the organization of the space of the rooms was decided. All these data allowed each country to introduce its own standards for dining tables and chairs.

The height of the furniture is adjusted from time to time. The inhabitants of the Earth are steadily growing, only over the past century, Europeans have stretched out by 10-12 cm. During the last anthropometric measurements, which take place every 15 years, it turned out that the population of the planet has grown a little more.

One of the first, in 2010, the Swiss brand Vitra reacted to the data of anthropologists, deciding to “re-release” legendary chair Eames Lounge Chair 1956. To bring it into line with modern indicators of human growth, the height of the seat was raised by a few centimeters. Danish brand Carl Hansen & Søn followed suit last year with a 1950 remake, the CH22 dining chair.

Standard sizes

At the working surface of the headset, which today replaces the kitchen table, most often there is a woman. Therefore, the level of the lower tier is calculated based on the average growth of the hostesses.

Incorrect selection of furniture is guaranteed to provide discomfort and even causes serious ailments. Excessive inclination of the body above the table top by 20% can lead to overload of the intervertebral discs, pain in the neck and lower back. Due to the imperfection of the kitchen, according to statistics from the 90s, about a third of German women experienced acute back pain, and it was only a few centimeters.

Serious research into the space of the kitchen was carried out in the USSR at the peak of housing construction more than 30 years ago. Then the Institute of Technical Aesthetics (VNIITE) determined the typical positions of the body at the kitchen table and established the most comfortable values. The position of the hands, eyes, neck, knees was taken into account - a total of 21 parameters. GOST fixed the permissible functional level of the comfort line (cm):

• for kneading and rolling dough - from 70 to 82
• for primary processing of products - from 82 to 87
• for washing dishes - from 85 to 95
• for small household appliances, drying dishes, pots - from 85 to 87
• heat treatment, burner surface of the stove - from 80 to 85

Similar studies have also been carried out in Europe. In 1991, at the request of the German Association of Furniture Manufacturers, the Institute of Industrial Engineering Darmstadt was engaged in kitchen ergonomics. Scientists moved away from the Soviet system of fixed heights, and took as a basis the relationship between the position of the body, hands and the working surface. As a result, we got three indicators of a comfortable position, enshrined in regulatory documents:

• kitchen table 10-15 cm below elbow height;
• a kitchen table 20 cm below the elbow with a tilt position of the body by 20%;
• the kitchen table is 5 cm below the elbow, the arms are 70 degrees with the shoulder.

Provide ideal conditions Even with the help of science, no one has yet fully succeeded. But precisely thanks to the scientific research of the Germans on modern kitchens an island appeared, because it is designed above the lower cabinets. Soviet scientists managed to determine the step of changing the heights of furniture, at which it is possible to create comfortable conditions for 90% of all consumers. A standard for the height of the working plane for standing work has been developed. Acute back problems in women are a thing of the past.

For height from 165 to 170 cm

• Russian standard kitchen table height - 85 cm,
• European standard kitchen table height - 90 cm (recently included in the Russian GOST).

There are Italian, American, Asian standards. This does not mean that the height of the furniture in each country is always the same. There are at least 6 standard height levels in increments of 5 cm from the average. AT big stores, where domestic and imported furniture is presented, the height of the kitchen work surface can vary from 60 to 95 cm.

MIELE offers 18 instead of 6 various levels, starting from 48 cm - for children or sitting work up to 128 - for a bar counter. And in order to perfectly fit the work surface to the comfort line, the plinth in the sets can be additionally adjusted in height.

For the same purpose, LEICHT has integrated an automatic lifting half-column into the worktop, which is activated by the movement of the knee. Convenient fixture for "high" works it is mounted at the edge of the base or island.

But such solutions are possible only for large rooms, and the price of "fancy" models is not always affordable for the mass consumer. Sometimes it is more economical to choose a regular cutting board in thickness.

Ergonomics provides for a standard for the minimum width of the working surface of the tabletop - 60 cm. Today, the only exception is the working surfaces of headsets without built-in equipment, they can be a little narrower, but more comfortable on more spacious ones from 75 - with average height, up to 90 - for tall people.

Dinner table

The comfortable height of the dining table directly depends on the level of the chair and the parameters of the person. For people of average height 165 cm and build, according to the standards of GOST, the dimensions (cm) are set:

• table:

1. distance from the floor to the base of the tabletop (underframe) - 61
2. distance from the floor to the top edge of the countertop - 72-78

• chairs:

1. from floor to seat - 40-45 (ideally - no more than 42)
2. to the back from the floor - 90

• stools:

1. from floor to seat - 42-48

at a higher height, a leg support is provided (the distance from the support to the seat is 32-42 cm).

In dining sets that are produced in a set with chairs, the distance between the upper edge of the table and the chair or stool seat is 29-31 cm, between the lower part of the tabletop base and the chair or stool seat is at least 19.

Folded book tables may deviate from these values. Norm - 19 cm + table cover thickness.

There are ergonomic rules for freedom of action and movement, with minimum allowable values ​​for the kitchen (cm):

• place for 1 person at the table - 60 (optimally 70)
• table for two near the wall - 60x80 (length and width)
• table for three - 100x60
• table for four - 110x70
• move chair freely - 75
• at the interval of serving dishes to the table - 110-120
• passages between furniture - 70 (optimally 85)

How to determine the ideal height

Choosing a dining set is necessary, taking into account the growth of all adult family members. To do this, you need to make simple calculations (cm):

• We find the arithmetic mean of the growth of households. For example, let's take a young couple - a man 180 and a woman 170.

(180 + 170) : 2 = 175

• Multiply average height by height standard table and divide by the standard height of a person.

(175 x 78): 165 = 82.7 - the perfect table for a family.

For comparison, in public canteens and eateries, the standard height is 65 cm.

The comfortable height of the kitchen chair is calculated as follows:

from height the perfect table subtracted (cm)

• with high growth - 45
• with an average of 42
• with a small - 40

In our version, we get 82.7 - 45 = 37.7

Of course, with such accuracy, the table and chairs can only be made to order. In factory production, as a rule, there will be a choice between models of standard sizes: 80 or 85 cm. From this height, the actual sitting height of dining chairs will already be calculated if they are not included in the kit.

Bar furniture

The choice of the height of furniture for a bar in the house is determined by where it will be located and what functions it will be assigned to.

According to the designers' advice, the comfort level of the bar counter in the kitchen area should be (cm):

• flush with countertop - 90
• according to the level of kitchen table standards - from 70 to 95 (up to 85 only on request)
• in the recreation area:
• in the kitchen and dining area from 120 and above (depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and the height of the ceilings);
• freestanding and in the living room area from 70 to 135 (in stores - from 60 to 160 cm).

The height of industrial production racks today is usually (cm):

• in the recreation area - 110/115/120/125/130;
• part of the kitchen set - 86/88/90 (taking into account the plinth, the thickness of the countertop and the height of the facade).

The space behind the counter for one person is provided - at least 60 cm;

width - at least 30 cm (optimally 50-60). For more spacious rooms, it is possible to increase the parameters.

According to GOST, the height of professional bar tables (cm):

1. in public institutions - 110-130 (classic from 110-115 for a height of 165 cm);
2. buffet tables - 100-105;
3. cafeteria table - 106.7

When choosing bar stools, they are guided by the height of the counter. As in the case with dining table, the height difference between the tabletop and the seat is from 25 to 30 cm. Violation of the ratio will cause inconvenience and even back pain. For example, if the planes of the bar table and the tabletop coincide - 90 cm, the level of bar stools is 63-65 cm.

Bar stools must be equipped with a footrest with a distance from the seat - 45 cm. An exception are chairs for the lowest rack models - up to 85.

The standard width for a bar stool is 46 cm,

depth - 32-38

depth - 30-36.

The lower the chair, the wider and deeper the seat.

Height adjustment

Manufacturers adapt to the ergonomic needs of the mass consumer different ways without forgetting the interior design. A wide variety of transformer models has appeared on the market, from the simplest with manual regulation to automatic ones with different height multiple tables at once.

In early 2017, Danish Skovby Møbelfabri introduced the innovative SM30 wood dining table, which changes height by itself at the touch of a button.

Conventional height regulators are now installed on household appliances, cabinet furniture, and dining sets. Armchairs and chairs are widespread, in which the height of the legs changes with the help of a gas lift system.

But such solutions are not always compatible with classic styles. For them, like for many centuries, there is one regulator - a special pillow, only the filler is now different. On the other hand, the vast majority of local manufacturers in direct contact with the buyer perform interesting models furniture for the size of each individual family.

For the convenience of working at the table, its height must be taken into account. This parameter affects the comfort of using furniture. The standard table height should fit...

By Masterweb

04.04.2018 02:01

For the convenience of working at the table, its height must be taken into account. This parameter affects the comfort of using furniture. The standard height of the table should be suitable for the average figures of adults and children. Moreover, for each type of furniture, this parameter is different.

Purpose

In furniture, its parameters are the main ones. Why is table height important? This indicator can provide ease of use. As well as protection against spinal disorders. desktop height plays important role. This determines the comfort required by the position of the body, especially the back.

If the furniture is not suitable, then the person during the period of work needs to lean forward, stoop. This causes curvature of the spine, as well as the appearance of discomfort in the back. Therefore, it is important to choose the appropriate table height for adults and children. But it should be borne in mind that for each type of structure, taking into account its purpose, the parameters are different.

Kitchen

The height of the table for the kitchen is determined by the parameters of the person. The greater the growth, the higher the work surface should be. In this case, the furniture will be comfortable. For determining optimal height kitchen table rules are used:

1. With growth up to 150 cm, the design should have parameters in the range of 75-76 cm.
2. At 150-160 cm, a height of 80-82 cm from the floor is more suitable.
3. Indicators of 160-180 cm are considered the general standard. They are taken into account by many firms when creating furniture products. In this case, the parameter can be 87-90 cm. This is the standard table height, as it will be convenient for men and women.
4. If growth is higher standard parameters the furniture is made to order. At 185-200 cm from the floor to the countertop there will be 1 meter.

It is important that the furniture is comfortable for the whole family. Since it is impossible to select a design for each parameter, therefore, the average is calculated. For example, if the height of the wife is 150 cm, and the husband is 190 cm, then the average is 170 cm. And for this you need a table 85-87 cm in height. And since women usually spend more time in the kitchen, it is better to choose 80 cm.

Writing

The height of the desks for children and adults is different. This should be taken into account when buying a design. If height-adjustable tables are created for children, then for adults everything is different. It is important to take into account the physique, size, height. Furniture should be selected based on these parameters.

In addition to height, length and width are taken into account. They must meet the standards. When these indicators are less, then there are inconveniences that adversely affect the state of the musculoskeletal system. Comfort is determined by the height of the desktop and other dimensions. According to the "Modulor", created by the architect and designer Le Corbusier, the following proportions apply:

1. Because the average height people of the earth is about 175-183 cm, the standard height of the writing table is 700-800 mm.
2. For 150-160 cm, it is better to choose 60 cm.
3. With a height of 190-200 cm, you must order a desk height of 85-90 cm.

These rules are used all over the world. Taking them into account, it will be possible to choose a suitable product for which it will be comfortable to work.

Computer

A suitable height of the computer desk will allow you to work comfortably for a long time. When the parameter is insufficient, the person leans forward, which greatly strains the back. And at high rates, the seated person raises his head up, which negatively affects the condition of the back.

There are rules to consider when choosing computer furniture:

1. When sitting at a table, the back should be straight, and the shoulders should be straightened to the sides.
2. The forearms should be placed on the surface.
3. It is important that the place of the shoulder girdle is not raised.
4. The norm is the location of the working surface in the area of ​​​​the solar plexus.
5. Legs should be bent at a right angle, they should be on the floor.

If these rules are followed, it will be possible to prevent problems with the spine. A person will not have a curvature, deformation, which usually leads to serious illness. The height of the computer desk is set according to height. Usually it is 75 cm, which is designed for a height of 170-172 cm. The rest of such a product will be uncomfortable. Then you need to order the design.

Dining

The height of the dining table should be comfortable for everyone so that there is no discomfort while eating. When sitting behind such furniture, the relaxation of the body should be felt, it should rest. When choosing the height of the dining table, height is taken into account.

For convenience, you need a size of 700-750 mm. This parameter is optimal, it is chosen with a height of 165 cm. The average furniture height is 72-78 cm. To calculate suitable option the formula is used: furniture height \u003d height * 75/165 (75 cm is the height of the structure, 165 is the average parameter of a person). For example, with a height of 170 cm, the calculation will be as follows: 170 * 75/165 = 77.3.

Children's

The right height children's table will allow you to work comfortably. Then there will be no strong tension on the back. For children, furniture must be chosen especially carefully, otherwise unsuitable designs lead to a curvature of the spine. But they have to spend a lot of time at the table.

Height is required to determine height. If the product is selected for a first grader and a teenager, then the following parameters should be considered:

1. With growth up to 85 cm - 34 cm.
2. 85-100 - 40 cm.
3. 100-115 – 46.
4. 115-130 – 52.
5. 130-145 – 58.
6. 145-153 – 64.
7. 154-161 – 67.
8. 162-170 – 71.

Suitable parameters ensure the full development of the child. It is also worth considering that a growing organism requires suitable conditions for comfort. When choosing furniture for a child, you need to focus on the following points:

1. The feet should be on the floor, and a right angle should be obtained with the lower leg and thigh.
2. The required degree of depth of the chair is set as follows - the seat of the chair should not dig into the popliteal joints.
3. Between the knees and the tabletop should be 10-15 cm or more.
4. The distance from the eyes to the surface of the structure should be the area from the fingertips to the elbow.

It is necessary to choose a suitable chair for the table so that the child’s classes are comfortable. In addition to height, you need to pay attention to the width, shape, design of structures. The material is also important original parts. In sets with tables, chairs are often sold at a height suitable for comfortable use. The main thing is to use them for their intended purpose.

Selection rules

Although many different parameters are taken into account when buying furniture, size should still be the main thing. And this applies to any type of table:

1. If you plan to choose a kitchen set for cooking, then it is better to buy 80-85 cm. This indicator is standard, so there will be no difficulty in finding it. In addition, behind such a product it will be comfortable for people with a height of 1.5-2 meters.
2. If a written design is required, and the growth is greater or less than average, then it is advisable to order furniture according to the required parameters. Dimensions must be set according to the formula: height * 75/165 cm.
3. Important to know when choosing chairs - best height is 42 cm. High requires 45, and small - 40.
4. If you buy a product for a child, then you need to calculate especially carefully. Adjustable models are great.

Solution of non-standard situations

Height is especially important when choosing furniture for the whole family. Non-standard cases are solved in the following ways:

1. You can adjust the size of the chair. There are many chairs sold in shops and markets that can change in height. So it will be comfortable to sit at the table. But then there may be inconvenience with the placement of the legs. And this negatively affects health.
2. Production of furniture to order. In this situation, it is preferable to focus on the growth of an individual in the family. You can define an average. A difference of a few centimeters will not be visible. But you can get the desired result only with a small difference in growth. Before manufacturing, a drawing is necessarily created.
3. You can choose a table with an adjustable top. Such products are usually created for schoolchildren.

These techniques allow you to create furniture that is comfortable for the whole family. The best solution there will be a custom design or on your own. The advantage of the method is the saving of the budget, in addition, it becomes possible to create a comfortable product.

Adjustable height

In addition to classic products, there are tables that are adjustable in height. These are mechanical modules or transformers. Often they have X-shaped supports, with which you can set this parameter. But there may be a retractable or electronic mechanism.

An excellent choice would be coffee table, which can become lunch. The advantages of furniture include:

1. Comfort for the whole family - you can adapt to children and adults.
2. Compact and space-saving due to versatility.
3. Practicality and the ability to place in any place in the room.

The disadvantage of height-adjustable tables is their high price and low load that the product can withstand - about 30-45 kg.

Consequences of the wrong choice

Incorrectly selected furniture height creates tension, discomfort, fatigue. This applies to tables different cases. In the kitchen, this design also causes a lot of inconvenience. During the cutting of products, about 40 muscles work. If the workplace is higher, then the load increases markedly, and if it is lower, then this causes rapid fatigue.

A suitable table height eliminates back problems and diseases associated with this phenomenon. Knowing the growth and calculation rules, it will be possible to choose the right furniture.

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The Wise Scarecrow invited Uncle Styopa and the gnomes to a dinner party. Everyone except him felt out of place. He won't invite them again. In order not to be in such a situation, listen to our advice.

Creating furniture that is comfortable for a person has always been the main task of manufacturers.

Each country has its own standards for dining tables and chairs.

The dining table should be comfortable for the whole family. This is an axiom that does not require proof. But it is not easy to achieve harmony - serial furniture may not be suitable.

The comfortable height of the dining table directly depends on the level of the chair and the parameters of the person.

The height of the table from the floor to the tabletop is designed for a person of average height - 1.65 m. According to the requirements of GOST 13025.3-85 for furniture - the standard height of the dining table is 0.72-0.78 m.

Choosing a dining set is necessary, taking into account the growth of all adult family members.

If this is not enough, then the height of the dining table is calculated by the formula:

B=Rsr*VGOST/PCT,

B is the calculated height of the table,

PCP - the average height of adult family members,

VGOST - table height according to GOST - 750 mm,

PCT - the average height of an adult - 1650 mm.

For comparison, in public canteens and eateries, the standard height is 65 cm.

If you have large kitchen, then a square table is best.

The average height of your family members is determined by the arithmetic mean. According to this formula, the main ranges for the dining table are calculated:

• Short people (up to 1.5 m) - 0.75-0.77 m;
• Below average height (1.5-1.65 m) - 0.8-0.83 m;
• The standard value according to GOST (1.65-1.8 m) is 0.85-0.9 m;
• For tall (above 1.8 m) - from 1 m.

The kitchen table is the center of the dining area. It must meet the needs of those who live in the house and those who come to visit.

Any family gathers for a family celebration once every six months. The festive table must meet the following conditions:

• One person must occupy at least 0.5 m of the perimeter of the countertop;
• Select the height of the table in accordance with the above formula, the width - not less than 0.65 m;

The height of the table determines the level of comfort of use. Here it is necessary to take into account the features of the physiological structure of the human body.

For normal sitting at the table, we need at least 70 cm, so the average height of a standard table is around 75 cm.

ON A NOTE! Choose compact models with a sliding tabletop.

It just so happened in Europe and Russia - it is customary to sit on a chair at the table.

The standard height of a kitchen chair is 40-45 cm from the floor to the seat.

It should have a comfortable back and a seat height that is comfortable for a person, approximately equal to one-fourth of the average height of adult family members. With a height of 1.8 m, its height will be 0.45 m.

The optimal seat depth is 40-45 cm (the seat should not dig into the knees). It will be comfortable for a person of average height to sit at a table with a height of 74 cm.

ON A NOTE! The distance from the seat to the tabletop should not exceed 0.3-0.34 m.

People of different heights come to visit and guessing the size of the chair in advance will not work. Purchase one or two chairs with adjustable seat heights and footrests for these occasions.

Remember that the standard height of the dining table according to GOST is “fitted” for a person with a height of 165 cm.

Don't be the elephant in the china shop...

Tired back and neck when working in the kitchen? You have chosen the wrong height of the kitchen set.

In the design of a kitchen set, there are certain standards that are designed for comfortable use of furniture and household appliances, storage of food and other things.

The height of the kitchen table for cutting and cooking should be half your height, rounded up to within 5 cm. With a height of 1.72 m, it will be 0.9-0.95 m.

These optimal sizes are designed for the average growth of the hostess.

The height of the pedestals should be 820 mm, and together with the tabletop - 850 mm.

There is another selection method comfortable height kitchen table.

1. Bend your arm at the elbow.
2. Measure the distance from the floor to the elbow.
3. Subtract 15 cm from it.
4. Use the result obtained when choosing a kitchen set.

All the nuances must be selected in accordance with the needs of the owners and the characteristics of the room.

ON A NOTE! To find out the value for a dish sink, add 10 cm to the height of the kitchen table.

You don't need a crowbar to keep your back straight at your desk...

Having a comfortable workplace is essential for you and your child.

One of the most necessary things for your child in school age will be desk.

Prolonged stay in an uncomfortable position leads to rapid fatigue. In addition, there is a risk of occurrence or exacerbation of chronic diseases of the spinal and cervical spine.

Choosing a desk will not be difficult if you know just a few basic parameters.

The selection of the height of the table and chair for an adult is carried out using the above formula. Usually they are 0.77-0.82 m and 0.45-0.49 m. The length of the back should be at least 0.35 m.

Properly calculated height of the computer desk contributes to good health and productive work.

Determining the optimal dimensions of the table for a child is more difficult than for an adult. Children actively grow until the age of 18, so the furniture will have to be changed every 2-3 years. This problem becomes most urgent from the age of 7, when the child begins to go to school.

Many manufacturers now offer "growing" tables or desks.

When making a purchase, try to maintain the following parameters:

Make sure the important little things are observed:

• The soles of the feet fully touch the floor when the legs are bent at an angle of 90 to 100 °;
• The gap between the chest and the edge of the furniture is 0.8 m;
• The seated teenager rests on the tabletop with his elbows, without bending his back and not lifting his shoulders high,
• The computer monitor is placed at a distance of at least 0.5 m, the child looks at it at an angle of 0-30 °, bending the neck back is unacceptable.If the furniture is too high, and it is not possible to change it, then purchase a footrest and put a pillow on the seat of the chair.

If the child, sitting at the table, lowers his hand down, then the ideal location of his elbow below the tabletop is 5-6 cm.

At correct location the tabletop is at the level of the solar plexus of the child.

IMPORTANT! Make your child take a "break" every 40 minutes.

Take care of the health and comfort of your family and friends. The right height of the dining table will add a sense of coziness to a family celebration and make you want to meet again. Kitchen set, calculated for the features of the figure of the spouse, will save on long years her beautiful posture. Your child, sitting at a well-functioning desk, will study better and get sick less.

In order not to puzzle over difficult questions ergonomics of space and the choice of the most convenient dimensions of furniture, there are standard sizes.

Most of the manufacturers in direct contact with the buyer make interesting models of furniture for the size of each individual family.

VIDEO: How to choose a desk for a child.

Ergonomics deals with the optimization of workplaces in order to ensure maximum efficiency labor. If you take it wider, it is responsible for convenience and comfort. Ergonomic kitchen should allow owners to cook food minimal cost time without being physically tired. And, of course, without the risk of injury. We have to take into account the technology of cooking, understand the features of human physiology and psychology. The universal ergonomics of the kitchen and the creation of an individual comfortable environment for a particular person or the whole family is the topic of our article.

There are generally accepted rules for designing furniture, with their help you can create an environment in which any person will feel more or less comfortable. But people are different, they lead their lives in different ways, they have their own physical data and habits. The standard solution, which is considered convenient, will not always be the best for a particular person. equipping own kitchen, you should think about how you cook food. And how could they improve and facilitate this process if the situation was organized differently. Individual ergonomic design- not a luxury, but a way to reduce cooking time, preserve health and create Have a good mood.

Ergonomic kitchen is convenient, allows you to cook food faster and not get tired

Everything in mind: a rational layout of the kitchen

The basis of an ergonomic kitchen is a convenient layout and arrangement of furniture that takes into account the technology of cooking. We cook mainly like this: we take a piece of meat (fish, vegetables) out of the refrigerator, wash (clean), cut (crush), put it in a pan (in a saucepan, on baking sheet). The path of most products: refrigerator - sink - cutting board- plate. It is only necessary to arrange kitchen equipment and furniture without confusing their sequence. If in linear kitchen put a stove between the refrigerator and the sink, the hostess is forever doomed to unnecessary manipulations, which will certainly cause inconvenience and irritation.

It does not matter in what configuration the furniture will be placed. In one line, L-shaped or with the letter P. The main thing is to observe the technologically determined sequence in the location of the equipment

As for the size of the zones: the larger, the better. A large refrigerator, a two-compartment sink with a “wing”, a food preparation (cutting) area with a length of 90-120 cm and a full-size kitchen stove - perfect solution. Alas, in domestic conditions, the size of the room limits the flight of fancy. The inhabitants of "Khrushchev" have no choice: the refrigerator, subject to the placement of the table, often has to be taken out into the corridor or hallway, because in the kitchen of 6 m2 there is simply no place for it.

Functional layout kitchen furniture must comply with the technology of cooking

Options for arranging furniture and appliances in standard kitchen 12 m2

When planning a kitchen, it is necessary to take into account recommendations both for the height of individual furniture elements and for the width of the aisles.

Optimal working area length

Let's calculate what, in our opinion, the convenient length of the kitchen front should be. It will consist of the following elements:

• Standard refrigerator- 60 cm.
• Sink - 80 cm. A smaller one (60 cm) will not be so convenient. The "trough" will take about 35-40 cm, and the remaining 20-25 cm for the "wing" will be too small. The sink wing is used not only for storing unwashed dishes, but also for the preliminary preparation of products. Do not place the sink close to the refrigerator, it is advisable to step back at least 10 cm.
• Food preparation (cutting) zone - from 90 cm.
• Plate of standard sizes - 60 cm.

As a result, we scored 300 cm. This almost corresponds to the capabilities of modern apartments or “brezhnevkas” of increased comfort, if the furniture is arranged in an L-shape. You can “squeeze” by reducing the width of the cutting zone, the distance from the stove to the refrigerator. You can get by with a 50-centimeter stove.

One of options distribution of elements of the working area of ​​​​the kitchen. For those who cook a lot at home, we recommend making the food preparation area much wider than in the diagram. It is better to abandon a separate area for additional household appliances by placing a kettle and coffee maker between the sink and stove. If necessary, the equipment can be rearranged, freeing up space for "large" cooking

The role of an additional or main place for cooking can be played by an “island”, if, of course, there is a place for it. The island should be the same height as the main work area. With sufficient dimensions, it is extremely convenient to cook on it, but when transferring food from the island to the sink or stove, something will definitely fall or spill on the floor.

The kitchen island can simultaneously serve working surface, dining table and bar counter. Its height should be the same as that of the countertop.

If there is not enough space

What should hosts do small apartments, where there is a catastrophic lack of space for full-fledged kitchen furniture and appliances, and it is impossible to make an improving redevelopment? We offer the following solutions:

• Place the refrigerator outside the kitchen: in the hallway or corridor. If there, of course, there is a place for him. This will allow you to install a full-sized stove and sink, there will be enough space for preparation and cutting and a kitchen table for two or three people. True, in big family a hostess who is actively involved in cooking may eventually regret her choice, making her way with pots along a narrow corridor past her husband, children and dog to the refrigerator.

Arranging furniture in a tiny apartment is always a compromise. In this case, when planning the kitchen, they “sacrificed” the wardrobe in the hallway by placing a refrigerator there. This made it possible to at least slightly expand the working surface of the kitchen and put a dining table not for two, but for three people.

• Use the kitchen table for large cooking. A small area of ​​30-40 cm on the work front is enough to prepare breakfast. If at this time no one is sitting at the dining table, it is a convenient and large place for cutting and slicing food, kneading dough, which acts as a kitchen "island". However, it should be noted that the height of a standard table for breakfast and lunch is 70-72 cm and it will be extremely inconvenient to work at it while standing. Not everyone will like to cook while sitting, but it is more comfortable to work while standing when the height of the table is identical to the level kitchen worktop(90-95 cm). Chairs standard height not suitable for such a table, you need models of medium height.

The place is small, there was not enough space for a full dining table. Instead, a semi-bar table was installed, which is a continuation of the countertop.

For a table that is identical in height to the tabletop, neither the usual low nor too high bar stools will fit. You will have to pick up a chair of intermediate height - they are on sale, but in a smaller assortment. Suitable for bar stools with adjustable seat

• "Bachelor's kitchen" involves more free planning and distribution of elements of the working area. Usually one or two people are in the room at the same time, numerous household members do not scurry around in the process of cooking. In the "bachelor kitchen" you can generally sacrifice a standard dining table in favor of a stylish bar counter, which will serve as an additional working area. A table or table-rack can be installed under the window, this will free up the center of a small kitchen.

The window sill table allows you to have a normal breakfast, but practically does not take up space

• Transformable furniture will help you get more functionality in a small area. In addition to sliding tables, there are retractable and folding.

In this small and very narrow kitchen, only a retractable dining table is placed, which, after eating, is completely hidden under the countertop.

Inside the transforming table (length varies from 20 to 150 cm) is placed a complete set of folding chairs

Folding table when folded, does not take up any space in the room

Many kitchen furniture manufacturers offer retractable cutting boards.

Not enough space for large cooking - increase the working surface of the kitchen by pulling out an additional cutting board

• Drawers can also be built into the plinth, putting infrequently used things there.

Usually an unused reserve for storing utensils is the plinth, where drawers can also be built in. They should be recessed relative to the main facade of the kitchen by 6-10 cm

How high should the table top be?

The wrong choice of tabletop height is fraught with overstrain of the back muscles and, as a result, excessive fatigue and constant pain in the waist. The height of the working surface of the kitchen should be determined individually, in accordance with the growth of the owners of the apartment or house.

In accordance with domestic standards, according to which typical furniture is still being produced, the height of the countertop in the kitchen should be 85 cm. But GOST was developed in the 60s of the last century, when the average height of Soviet women was 157 cm. Today's ladies "grew up" almost by 10 cm, and the younger generation continues to stretch even higher. Nowadays, men do not disdain cooking, whose average height is 175 cm. The low "grandmother's" kitchen is no longer suitable for most contemporaries.

When determining the comfortable height of the working surface of the kitchen, it is necessary to take into account the differences in people's height

Fortunately, the architecture of the modern kitchen modular furniture makes it possible to install the working surface of the kitchen at a height convenient for a particular family. Most European manufacturers produce cabinets of the lower tier with a height of 72 cm. The thickness of the tabletop is 3-4 cm. The height of the working area is set due to the correct selection of supports, the height of which ranges from 10 to 18 cm. adjustable design, which allows you to increase its height by another 2 cm. We get a minimum height of 85 and a maximum of 96 cm with the ability to set any value within these parameters.

Standard legs for kitchen furniture have an adjustment range of 2 cm

How to choose the right kitchen countertop height for a particular person? We recommend making a simple anthropometric measurement. Standing, bend your arm at the elbow at a right angle. The shoulder is vertical, the forearm is strictly horizontal. Open the palm and point down. Measure the distance from the floor to the palm. Subtract 10-15 cm from the obtained value. This will be the height range of the kitchen countertop, on which it will be convenient for this person to cook.

The ergonomic height of the working surface is best determined not so much by growth as by the distance from the floor to the elbow. The optimum lies in the range of 10-15 cm below the elbow

Higher countertop - more space for utensils

Not enough storage space kitchen utensils? With a high countertop, additional space can be found by making the lower cabinets higher than the standard size. For example, with a work area height of 94 cm and a worktop of 4 cm, low 10 cm legs can be installed. It remains 80 cm, which is 8 cm more than the standard value. If the furniture is not typical, but made to order, it is not difficult to make cabinets of increased height and this will slightly affect their cost. The only limitation is that it will not be possible to use typical paneled doors with non-standard cabinets. It must be remembered that the plinth should sink about 8 cm relative to the front so as not to rest against it with your feet.

Variable work surface

When determining the height of the work surface, you may encounter two problems:

1. A work surface, the height of which is best suited for cutting and washing dishes, will be inconvenient for manipulating a pan on a built-in stove. Especially if the hob is gas. Given the height of the pan and the grate above the burner (6-10 cm in total), the home cook will have to raise their elbow too high to stir and turn the contents. If you cook in this way often, you may experience pain in the arm and spine. The way out is to lower the level of the countertop by about 8 cm in the area where the hob is located. Or install a stand-alone cooker at an appropriate height. Unfortunately, such a solution is possible only if the kitchen is sufficiently spacious.

From the point of view of ergonomics, it is correct when the section of the countertop with built-in hob located below the main working area. Such a solution can only be implemented in big kitchen with a long front

1. It will not be possible to find a perfectly comfortable countertop height suitable for all family members who are fond of cooking if they are noticeably different in height. You will have to compromise, as a result of which short people will be a little high, and tall people will be a little low. The installation solves this problem. kitchen cabinets on transformable (adjustable by means of electric motors or pneumatic mechanisms) supports. He pressed a button - and the countertop, and with it the sink and stove, lowered or rose to a level convenient for the “kitchen attendant”. Fantastically convenient, but so far very expensive. However, "advanced" technologies are getting cheaper. Transforming office tables have already moved from the category of exclusive exotics to the standard equipment of a modern workplace. We hope that in a few years the prices for automatic height-adjustable kitchens will also drop to an acceptable level.

It is difficult (possible, but, again, expensive) to seal the junction of a height-adjustable countertop to the wall, so kitchen islands are often installed on supports with lifting mechanisms. For embedded gas stoves and sinks produce special flexible connections.

A height-adjustable working surface with the help of servo drives is no longer a curiosity, such mechanisms are sold in Russia

The tabletop that is transformable in height is also good because it is equally convenient to study baking recipes on it (you need to raise the table higher), knead the dough (set it to the middle position) and roll it out with a rolling pin (lower it down)

Ergonomics of base cabinets

• For storing relatively small things, it is more convenient to use not shelves, but drawers - you don’t have to lower yourself on all fours to take things out of the far corners. On the shelves it makes sense to store large kitchen appliances, like an air grill, and possibly heavy stacks of plates. The more often items are used, the higher they should be placed.

It is more convenient to store medium-sized things in drawers. Bulk products placed in transparent containers will take up less space and be easily accessible

Pots and pans are also more practical to place in drawers

• Bottles and similar-sized items are most conveniently stored in a narrow pull-out basket closer to the stove.

Bottles and tall cans are always at hand in the narrow pull-out basket

• It is desirable that the width of the door swing cabinet, especially located under the sink, was at least 40 cm. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient to get something out, the more difficult it is to service the sink drain. The width of the cabinet (and door) under the sink with the filter located under it should not be less than 60 cm.

The wider the door in the cabinet under the sink, the easier it is to service the equipment installed in it.

• Fashionable minimalistic furniture handles protruding forward look spectacular, but they are not very convenient on the lower cabinets, especially in the cutting and washing area. An adult, while cooking, will rest his hips on their edges, and a naughty child can get a bump on his forehead.

The railing handles are extraordinarily beautiful, but they will rest against the hostess's stomach and hips while washing dishes. A child who has been playing can hit his head on the edge of such a handle.

Hidden kitchen handles, which are horizontal slots in the doors, are safe from injury

Modern solutions for upper cabinets

The standard distance at which upper cabinets were previously recommended to be placed above the level of the countertop is 50 cm. However, today, half a meter clearance seems insufficient to many and cabinets are hung higher, 60-65 cm from the work surface. Undoubtedly, it is more convenient, especially when appliances are located on the countertop: an electric kettle, food processor etc. However, it should be borne in mind that due to the too high hanging of the lockers, the access area in them without a stepladder is reduced.

Hinged doors for upper cabinets with standard hinges that open at an angle of 90º or slightly more are potentially dangerous. Carried away by the process of cooking, it is easy not to notice the open door and knock on its corner, getting a bump or, even worse, a black eye. Safe, if used correctly, swing doors, equipped with full opening hinges that allow you to open the door to an angle of up to 180º. The fully open door does not stick out forward, it is parallel to the front. True, it overlaps adjacent cabinets, so it is impossible to open adjacent doors. However, this is rarely needed. Our advice: if the upper cabinets provide for opening doors to the side, at least it is worth equipping the drying rack with special hinges - it is used most often.

A special hinge allows you to open the door to an angle of 180º, so that it is parallel to the cabinets, and does not stick out perpendicular to the furniture front

Another safe way to open the doors is up. They can swing open or move. Sliding ones almost do not protrude relative to the plane of the facades, it is impossible to knock on them. Swing should be positioned so that they are above the head of the home cook.

Upper cabinets equipped with hinged doors (1) are potentially dangerous. You can also stuff a bump on the swing door that opens up (2), if it is located below the top of the head. Safe sliding (3), folding (4) and folding (5) doors opening up

If the height of the upper cabinets exceeds 60 cm, it is better to make the door opening up folding. The disadvantage of the door opening up: to close it, you have to reach high for the handle, which is inconvenient for a short person.

Folding up cabinet doors are the most practical and safest type of opening. If you do not spare money and order a mechanism with an electric drive, the cabinet can be made arbitrarily high, because we close and open it by simply pressing a button

Height of upper cabinets

Top cabinets are available in three sizes:

• Low cabinet - 60 cm.
• Standard - 72 cm, which is equal to the height of the lower cabinets.
• High - 92 cm.

Many manufacturers offer cabinets and other dimensions. When making custom-made furniture in a house with high ceilings, you can make the upper cabinets even higher. However, if heavy dishes are stored in them, it is more rational to hang two rows of cabinets. So more reliable. The bottom row of cabinets with upward opening doors should be of such a height that a person can easily reach the handle.

The nomenclature of common standard doors for cabinets. If there is space, it makes sense to use upper cabinets height 92 cm

Happy owners of apartments with high ceilings can hang the upper cabinets in two rows

Open shelves against cabinets

From the point of view of ergonomics, the cook should have everything necessary at hand during cooking. The list of necessary tools, utensils and ingredients for cooking can be long. Some spices, packaged in small jars, can be filled with a dozen. Salt, pepper, a cutting board, all kinds of scraper blades, tea and coffee are needed at almost every cooking and meal, if the owners do not eat frozen fast food heated in the microwave. Take it out several times a day closed cabinet and hiding back is a dubious pleasure. In our opinion, it is much more convenient to keep frequently used utensils on open shelves. Everything is before your eyes, and even if the thing is not put in its place, it is easy to find.

Open shelves, rails and hooks provide quick and easy access to frequently used items

Adherents of a refined minimalist style in the interior will prefer to wipe the sink dry after each washing and hide the detergent, sponge and napkins in the closet, not to mention other things. But for most people, it will be more comfortable to use open shelves and racks for small items. There are two reasons for the wider spread of the "open top". First: the contents of the shelves will have to be kept in order and periodically wiped. However, infrequently, provided that a good hood is installed in the room. The second reason: the lack of traditions, "Soviet" kitchens were equipped with blank cabinets.

In the kitchen of the famous designer Artemy Lebedev, there are no closed cabinets on top, only open shelves

Sink and trash can: a practical upgrade

The size of the sink bowl should allow you to wash the largest dishes in your home.

The side “wing” and the second, small, bowl are very convenient. If there is room for them.

The side wing will serve as an additional cutting surface. Additional bowl - optional, but convenient equipment

If you have a water filtration system, you should make sure that the sink allows you to install a second faucet for purified water if you do not want to purchase an expensive faucet with a switch. Under the tap with a low-lying spout, it is inconvenient to wash dishes big size, and splashes fly from the tall mixer when washing small dishes. The best, but not cheap option is a faucet with a pull-out spout.

Pull-out spout kitchen faucet not only make washing dishes more comfortable, but also reduce water consumption

We recommend purchasing a sink with a bottom valve that allows you to close the drain by turning the handle. The valve is more convenient than a plug, and due to the rise in the cost of housing and communal services, it is more economical to wash dishes by pre-soaking them. Yes, and faster.

It is customary to store a trash can under our sink. They opened the door of the lower cabinet, took out a bucket, threw out the garbage, closed it. It will be easier if you hang the bucket on the door - less movement.

Inexpensive, but convenient trash can mounted on the cabinet door. We open the door - the lid of the bucket rises, close it - it falls. No smell

The best option placement of the "garbage bin" - built-in, under the work surface. A hole is made in the countertop, a container for garbage is placed under it. The hole and container are closed with a flat lid. You can buy a sink with a built-in trash can, it's even more convenient. The presence of a grinder sewer drain significantly reduce the volume of waste and almost eliminate the "flavor" of the waste. Alas, advanced garbage collection and disposal systems are not cheap.

The most convenient "garbage bin" is built into the countertop. Pulls out easily - upwards.

Convenient and safe placement of equipment

We talked about the arrangement of the main elements of equipment on the floor plan. Some tips for choosing and placing kitchen appliances:

• If the kitchen front has an L-shaped configuration, it is more rational to put household appliances located on the countertop (microwave, electric kettle, coffee maker) in inner corner, which is problematic to use for cooking.
• Very convenient solution- accommodation oven in a high column cabinet at a height of 65-80 cm from the floor. It is much more convenient to observe the cooking process, load and unload baking sheets without bending. Unfortunately, in small room it is difficult to find a place for the "column".

It is much more convenient to use the oven installed in a tall cabinet at a height of 65-80 cm than under the countertop in the standard version.

• A traditional fireplace-type hood does a good job of removing kitchen fumes, but protrudes dangerously forward. You can fill a bump by trying to look into the pan. The same disadvantage also affects exhaust devices built into furniture. But the inclined hood is absolutely safe, it does not stick out above the stove at head level. By the way, the minimum height of the hood suspension above the electric stove is 65 cm, above the gas stove - 75 cm.

Ergonomic inclined hood removes kitchen fumes as well as traditional "hoods", but almost does not protrude above the stove

• The process of cooking or heating food in a microwave oven is easier to control when its transparent door is installed slightly (about 20 cm) below eye level. Best Places for the microwave - in the "column" above the oven or on the lower shelf of the upper cabinet. And the owners of tight Khrushchev can find a place for the stove on the windowsill.

It is advisable to place the microwave so that, while standing, you can see the cooking process through the glass window.

The right tables and chairs for the dining area

AT Soviet times the dining table had to be 70 cm high, which corresponded to the physical characteristics of a person of the 60s. And today many enterprises produce furniture according to these standards. But for people taller than 160 cm, this height is already too small. To date, dining tables in the EU countries mainly have a height of 72-76 cm, and in the USA already 74-78 cm. On the domestic market, you can find furniture of various parameters. Not uncommon - tables on supports adjustable by several centimeters.

In a private kitchen, you can find two more types of tables: semi-bar and bar. We have already mentioned the first one, it is made on a level with a tabletop (85-95 cm) and is used both for eating and as an additional working area. A high bar counter (as in public bars) has a height of 120-125 cm, but at home it can be a little lower.

In width for one person sitting at the table, it is recommended to allocate a space of 60 cm. Accordingly, for two - 120 cm. It makes no sense to do less than 50 cm per person, it is too crowded. Recommended minimum depth table, on both sides of which people sit - 80 cm.

Chairs must be chosen according to the table. Provided that the thickness of the tabletop, together with the stiffening rib, does not exceed 10 cm, the seat of the chair should be approximately 30-35 cm lower than the top of the table for a standard dining table, 28-33 cm for a semi-bar table and 23-27 cm for a bar table. A stool for a high bar counter must necessarily have a support bar for legs.

Height-adjustable dining and bar stools are easy to adjust to a position that is comfortable for a particular person and type of table

A look into a bright future: lighting and sockets

There is not much light. In addition to the general lighting of the kitchen, bright illumination of the work area and good lighting above the dining table are necessary.

Moderate general light and bright illumination of the working area is the key to comfortable work and the safety of the vision of the home cook

Sockets: no matter how many you make, you still don’t have enough. We recommend counting the number of electrical appliances that are planned to be installed in the kitchen and making a couple more outlets. You should also not forget about the TV and the handset of the telephone system, if any are planned in the kitchen. Putting the TV on the refrigerator, as is often done, is not worth it: you can turn your neck while looking at it from a chair. TVs are now flat, it is better to hang on the wall or place on the table.

Recommended layout of outlets in the kitchen. Sockets of appliances located on the countertop - above the cooking and cutting areas. It is better to make sockets for built-in appliances in the sink cabinet or in the basement, so access will be provided to them.

Once again about safety: how to protect children from injury

We have already mentioned safety, an integral part of ergonomics. If there are small children in the house, care should be taken that the babies do not get injured. If possible, sharp corners should be avoided when designing or choosing furniture. You can use special devices that protect the child from hitting sharp objects.

A soft overlay on the corner of the table will save a frisky child from injury

We should not forget that children are curious and will definitely climb where they are not allowed:

The “children's” pad on the door (on the left) will not allow the child to get into the “secret” locker, and the stopper-brake (on the right) will not allow the finger to be pinched by the door

Electrical wires must not be left accessible; blocking plugs must be inserted into low-lying sockets

Special protective screens on stoves that prevent the child from reaching hot pans are not sold in every store, but parents should look for this useful thing. Magnetic constipation on the refrigerator (on the right) is also useful

Many models of modern household appliances are equipped with a power-on lock function, in which children can press buttons and turn knobs - nothing will happen.

We hope our recommendations will be useful to you. Within the framework of the article, many questions on ergonomics and organization of the kitchen remained untouched. We recommend that you seek advice from specialists at the furniture design stage. Experienced Designer furniture or interior will be able to suggest a lot of useful things and save you from mistakes. Good luck.

The comfort of a chair is determined primarily by its size. human body, and only then design and design features. As a rule, when choosing, the decisive factor is not the size of the product, but how harmoniously it will be combined with other items in the interior and match the style. This approach is absolutely wrong. If the furniture is unsuitable for sitting, then even the most expensive chair will not relieve discomfort.

What are the dimensions of the chair "Standard"

When choosing, you need to take into account the relationship with other pieces of furniture in order to correctly determine the dimensions. The angle of inclination of the back should be 8-12 °, otherwise pain in the back and neck cannot be avoided. When sitting low, you will have to bend your knees, which will lead to leg numbness, since blood circulation will be impaired.

When the chair height is not balanced with the table, it is difficult to work in this position. Due to the need to bend over all the time, you can earn myopia. Therefore, in the manufacture of seating furniture, they use standard sizes calculated for the average person:

1. The seat is located at a height of 40 to 45 cm from the floor.
2. Seat width 43 cm.
3. Depth - 40-45 cm.
4. The height of the backrest from the seat is 40-45 cm, and from the floor to its top point- 80-90 cm.

These are approximate parameters. The width of the seat and the height of the backrest can be changed, as these dimensions do not significantly affect the comfort of the posture.

The question of the height of a chair with a back is quite relevant. One person likes it when the legs rest on the floor, and the other - on the contrary, so that they rise higher.

If the seating furniture is uncomfortable, then the wrong position of the body will respond with pain in the back and joints. Ideally, the feet of a seated person should rest on the floor, and the hip joint will form a right angle with the knee.

When the foot is not entirely on the floor, you should choose a chair lower. High knees require a higher model.

If family members have different heights, then you can choose the option when the height of the seat is adjustable.

When buying a single set, it is best to focus on a family member who has more high growth because low chairs are more uncomfortable.

Height of models for kitchen, office, child

The generally accepted height of a product for a dining table is 40–45 cm. Moreover, the gap between people sitting next to each other at a dining table is at least 500 mm, while the legs of rectangular table located at a distance of 910 mm.

The office chair should be taller, between 450 and 480 mm. More precisely, you can find out the parameters after a small experiment. To do this, you need to sit down so that the back is in full contact with a flat surface, and there should be a right angle between the thigh and lower leg.

Now it remains to measure the distance from the fifth point to the floor. This will be the ideal height for the model to work with. The kitchen chair is chosen 5 cm lower.

When choosing a chair for a child, many parents prefer models that are adjustable in height. Then, as the baby grows, there is no need to frequently update the furniture. But there are still height standards for children's chairs:

• With a height of 93 to 116 cm, the height of the table is 46 cm, and the chair is 26 cm;
• For a height of 120 cm, these values ​​\u200b\u200bare 53 and 31, respectively;
• 140 cm - 59 and 35;
• 150 cm - 64 and 38;
• 170 cm - 71 and 43;
• 180 cm - 76 and 46.

In addition to height, the width of the seat also matters. Optimal value this parameter is 500 mm. This option is suitable for a person with any complexion. The depth should not be more than 450 mm, otherwise, if you try to go deeper, the edges of the seat will cut into the skin under the knees.

When buying, do not rely on intuition, do not waste money and time. It is better to immediately choose the option depending on the dimensional characteristics.