When and where did the regular style originate. Regular style in landscape design: characteristic features and selection of plants. landscape style garden

The regular garden is a currently in-demand landscape design concept. You can set up a regular garden on the site with the help of certain rules design of such structures. This page offers detailed plan regular garden, which can be taken as the basis for dividing the territory into zones. You can also see a regular garden in the photo, which in in large numbers presented below.

Regular garden style

The regular style of the garden is an image of order, neatness, elegance of a symmetrical pattern. Russian estates also had small regular gardens, in front of the house there was a regular French parterre (front part), and behind the house an English landscape park began, and behind the park there were fields and forests.

Is it difficult to maintain a regular garden? In it you need to cut hedges and trees, pull out weeds, but the garden in landscape style without care, he runs wild, he cannot take care of himself. The elements of the regular style are always in fashion, its elements are appropriate in a garden of any size.

Landscape garden and its photo

A landscape garden on the site can be created according to one of the proposed embodiments design ideas into reality.

To facilitate the process of understanding the concept, numerous photos of the landscape garden are offered. a:

Photo gallery

Landscape garden elements:

4. rose garden.

6. road.

13. greenhouse.

14. port walls.

15. parterre.

The height of the garden is clearly divided into four levels, which is not only convenient, but also makes the space more interesting, especially noticeable when you go from bottom to top. You can climb from one terrace to another by gently sloping tiled steps. The ascent is not only not tiring, but also a pleasure, because along the way you can admire interesting plants.

In the middle of the lower level there is a pergola entwined with terry clematis, under it -. The views from this bench are magnificent, the whole garden is at a glance.

On the third level there is a front area - a patio, paved concrete tiles two colors, gray and pink. Decorates the patio with a large rectangular pool 1.2 m deep with gray slabs around the edges.

In the uppermost part of the garden, on the square adjacent to the house, there are neat and solid outbuildings: a compost bin, dumpster, barn and glass greenhouse. And in the middle of this upper tier stands light wooden pavilion. The pavilion is decorated with hanging baskets and boxes with flyers. And in the barbecue oven, vegetables, meat or fish are baked.

Between the houses, along the axis of symmetry of the site - parterre, one of the characteristic features of the regular style, a composition in the form of a geometric ornament of plants and inert materials. The parterre is arranged so that the drawing can be read from the windows and from the terraces. The geometric elements of the ornament are limited by low sheared hedges 30-40 cm high. Geometric figures look spectacular against the backdrop of gravel filling.

The length of the retaining walls on the site is large. To minimize their cost, a wonderful option was invented: a solid flat stone was laid only on upper part walls, the walls themselves were made of concrete, and their front surface was lined with “battle”.

Do not give up gardening ideas because of their high cost, think carefully about their implementation, try to minimize expenses.

The soil on the site is sandy, so the trees were planted in large landing pits filled with nutrient soil.

There is a rose garden on both sides. Roses feel great here, they look spectacular against the background of mulch from pine cones, ground in a shredder.

landscape style garden

A landscape-style garden can be implemented according to several more scenarios for breaking down space. They are presented below.

This site cannot be imagined without a round pond located in the entrance area in front of the house along its axis of symmetry. The pond is open to the eastern sun, surrounded by shrubs and trees, lawn and shore fill of pebbles and fine gravel. Weeping yellow-bark willow branches rinse in it, which grew here even before the birth of the pond, but waited for its finest hour - ended up on the shore of the reservoir and became its the best decoration. Round form allowed the pond to fit into small space in proportion to the house and garden. Many gardeners are afraid to use geometric elements such as a circle or a rectangle when planning a garden, and in vain, such shapes fit perfectly into a landscaped garden.

The plan is a circle with a diameter of 4.8 m, its depth is 1 m, which is enough for the wintering of the nymphs on the spot, without excavation from the pond. A step is provided along the perimeter at a depth of 30 cm, starting from which the walls are lined with ordinary cobblestone. The banks are decorated with river pebbles of various sizes.

It was decided to leave the eastern shore open, not to plant, because for good flowering nymphaeum pond should be illuminated by the sun 5-6 hours a day. From most viewpoints of the site on the surface of the pond, you can see interesting reflections - houses, flowering plants, benches.

The round pond is the main "highlight" of the garden, but besides it there are many interesting things.

This garden is regularly trimmed and shaped. - This specific plant, which in nature reaches two meters in diameter and in height, a smaller plant was required in this place of the garden, so they pinch it, its growth is slowed down, and the ends of the paws are so fluffy. A good sheared purple willow on a trunk and a funny couple formed from a purple willow.

An interesting composition old apple tree from peltiphyllum, or darmers. Few plants survive under an old apple tree, the Darmers do it brilliantly. In spring, it blooms unusually, if it does not fall under frost, its peduncles are a bit like astilba, in summer unusual flowers attract attention. round leaves, turning purple in autumn.

It is hard to imagine a regular garden without tall trimmed hedges. How good they are, boxwood or yew; they create the structure of the garden and form offices, secluded, making it interesting and intriguing.

The garden is exquisitely simple and elegant, there is nothing superfluous or accidental. In the center of the garden there is an open sunny meadow with a wonderful hill. This garden is mostly shady, except for the slide, there is no bright colors, it is built on the game of green nuances. There are no roses, peonies, lilies, leaves are in favor different forms and textures, a variety of shades of green.

Spiraea sharp-toothed hedge, located in the entrance area of the garden, was planted several decades ago. Bright green graceful leaves, dense elegant crown. Haircut spirea is clearly beneficial. The glade is limited by two hedges two meters high, intersecting at right angles - one of brilliant cotoneaster, the second - of alpine currant. The cotoneaster leaf is shiny, dense, dark green, the hedge from it perfectly keeps a clear shape, the bottom is also dense and green even in shady place. Graceful matte dark green leaves of alpine currant in shape resemble ordinary currant, only much smaller and tougher. A perfectly cut hedge from this one impresses with its density and beautiful bottom.

The hill is located on the very sunny place garden, this is the most color-rich place in the garden, its coloristic dominant: purple-leaved barberries grow here, golden thuja, purple geyhera, silver wormwood and many variegated plants.

An interesting regular part at the entrance against the background of a hedge of sharp-toothed spirea, consisting of originally alternating dwarf viburnum "Compact", spirea "Little Princess" and cereals - dechampsia and oats.

The attributes of the regular style are high and low hedges, symmetrically located garden elements, including parterres, geometric shapes of reservoirs and paved areas. Regular style elements are back in style, don't be afraid to use them.

French regular parks in the XVII-XVIII centuries.

The culture of the Italian Renaissance big influence on the culture of France. This influence also affected the development of French landscape gardening art.

AT mid-seventeenth in. in France, absolutism was strengthened and art became the subject of special concern for King Louis XIV, who considered it as a means of exalting his power. The ideas of absolutism were reflected in the creation of French regular parks, the ideology of which was developed and implemented by André Le Nôtre (1613-1700). Under his leadership, parks were built and redesigned: Vaux-le-Vicomte (1656-1661), Versailles (1661-1700), Tuileries (1664-1672), Clagny (1674), So, Meudon (1680), Saint Cloud, Chantilly, Choisy (1693), Marly (1699) and a number of others.

French regular parks had a symmetrical construction along the main compositional axis, but unlike the Italian terraced gardens, where the same principle was applied compositional construction, they were located on a flat terrain. This allowed the formation of large open spaces. The nature in them was emphatically artificial: trimmed trees and shrubs, decorative parterres with flower beds of complex patterns, mirror surfaces pools.

The first large park ensemble, designed and built by André Le Nôtre together with architects Louis Leveau and Charles Le Brun for the French Minister of Finance Fouquet - Vaux-le-Vicomte. The park covers an area of more than 100 hectares, its length is 2.5 km. The central part of the park complex has a clear regular planning, in which the main compositional axis oriented towards the palace is highlighted. The large open space in front of the palace is clearly visible; parterres and water planes are included in the landscape composition. The periphery of the complex is designed as a forest park.

The pinnacle of landscape gardening art in France in the 17th century. is considered a park in Versailles, created for Louis XIV. Wet flat terrain with small forest turned into a spatially rich and diverse park ensemble.

The Versailles palace and park complex makes a strong impression on visitors, also due to its huge size. . Versailles park covers an area of 1738 hectares, of which the front part is 100 hectares. The main compositional axis (east-west) is 4 km long. Along it the Grand Canal is located, 1.4 sq. The facade of the palace (architects Louis Leveau and J. Hardouin Mansart) has a length of 500 m.

From the main premises of the palace - the king's bedroom - a grandiose panorama of the park opens. The front part of the park complex is the parterre in front of the palace. Below the high terrace in front of the palace are bosquets - dense green massifs of trees surrounded by high walls of cut greenery. Some of them are designed inside as open spaces. There are 14 thousand fountains in the park, many of which are decorated with sculptures. The water supply of the fountains was designed by Pierre de Francini. Marcy, Tubi, Long, Girardin participated in the sculptural decoration of the palace and park.

In the Versailles palace and park complex, the compositional technique used by Andre Le Nôtre earlier in Vaux-le-Vicomte is repeated - a three-beam radial landscape layout of streets oriented towards the palace. Versailles was to glorify the "sun king" - Louis XIV. The streets symbolized Sun rays radiating from the palace. The central beam is the street leading to Paris, which is also symbolic. A similar meaning is embedded in the radial-ray construction of the alleys of the Versailles Park, diverging from compositionally important points - the beginning of the Grand Canal, the Royal Square.

The main purpose of the alleys was to reveal distant prospects, which determined their width. Therefore, the alleys could include lawn coverings, for example, the Royal Avenue, which opens up the prospect of the Grand Canal, into which the setting sun sets in the evenings.

The ideas of A. Le Nôtre had a great influence on the development of European garden and landscape art in the 17th - first half of the 18th centuries. Regular parks are widespread in all European countries.

In city squares and now you can see parks very similar to those that were created in Ancient Greece and in Ancient Rome. What is a regular garden, what are its features, and why did the architects of hoary antiquity observe all proportions with mathematical accuracy when laying out a garden?

Axial symmetry, regular shapes and straight lines are clearly visible in this landscape composition.
Boxwood, yew, holly are evergreens that make the park attractive throughout the year.
For flower beds choose annuals, the flowering period of which is long. It is important that the lighting is uniform, otherwise there will be an asymmetry in growth and flowering.
A pool or fountain is an indispensable attribute of a regular style. Its geometric shape may be different, but obligatory symmetrical. Vegetation is planted around the pond.
Arches, pergolas and "green" hedges are used for space zoning. Topiary figures are also appropriate in such a park.
Since these gardens were originally created in the area around castles and occupied a lot of space, on a small suburban area a regular park will not look too good.
There is no such thing as too much luxury. Marble, bronze, ceramics are used to create decorative elements. royal garden- not a place to save.

The main idea of the park: the desire to place all the elements in such a way that the lines and planes seem elegant and graceful

The very first regular park

The oldest known parks were created in Egypt, they were also erected on the principle of a regular garden. The ancient Greeks reasoned very logically and rationally. Strict forms and precise calculation can be traced not only in their architecture, but also in garden and park art. Order in everything - no contradictions and dynamics, only calm, classical forms.

There is an opinion that politics, history and philosophy influence architecture. Classical architecture is perfect - nothing can be added to it, there is nothing superfluous in it. Classic is ideal.

For politicians such a system was beneficial, because it asserted stability. The classic has become official style architecture of the empire of Catherine II and the monarchy of Louis XIV. Cold superiority and detachment from real problems - that's what strict forms, precise calculation and absolute symmetry actually expressed.

A walk through such a garden can take a long time, with new views around every turn.

Symmetry and asymmetry

Proportionality, symmetry is the harmony between separate parts the whole structure. The ancient Greeks had no doubts about an object in which there was no symmetry - it was considered imperfect and ugly. The very concept of symmetry is broader, it is applied not only to figures, but also to phenomena and processes.

Asymmetry - disorder as a result of movement. We can say that symmetry is a state of rest, asymmetry is a state of movement. A moving system cannot be symmetrical. This implies the conclusion that absolute symmetry is characteristic only for objects of inanimate nature.

There was a whole "code of aesthetics of symmetrical installations."

Correct forms reinforce impressions.
Each detail is put in the most favorable light, it takes exactly its place, but it does not stand out so much that the rest of the elements are “lost” against its background.

Snowflake - an example of symmetry in nature

The history of the creation of parks

In the Baroque era in France, parks were created at the palace of King Louis XIV, the design of which corresponded to the regular style. This is where the name "French regular garden" came from, although the fashion for such parks originated in Italy. English gardeners introduced their innovations. They began to practice cutting bushes and trees of complex shape. Bushes in the form of birds, animals and geometric shapes now adorn parks all over the world.

Park in Versailles typical example, which characterizes the regular style in landscape design. Solemn, pompous, majestic - just such a park was supposed to serve as a place for walking kings and their nobles. André Le Nôtre, gardener of Louis XIV who worked to create parks in a regular style.

Parks were built not for the purpose of unity with nature, but rather with the aim of subjugating it. The entire ensemble of Versailles (a park with a palace) is subordinated to the idea of autocracy. The alleys, which radiate from the center, symbolized the absolute power of the king. Russian regular gardens and parks arose thanks to Peter I, who saw an example of garden and park art in Versailles in 1717.

Gardens in Florence and Fiesole are also examples of garden and park art. Their features:

symmetrical seed beds;
fountains with cascades;
labyrinths, grottoes, sculptures of mythological creatures.

Illusion of large spaces

The terrace that was built over the garden served convenient place for review. Flowerbeds, lawns, shrub plantings were limited by borders or colored sand. All trees had the same height, the bushes were also cut. In the middle of the garden, as a rule, there was a residential building, while there were no trees next to it, only low shrubs. Along the main axis of the composition, a reservoir was built or a lawn framed by trees was laid out. The main axis of the park was located opposite the central entrance, while it was always perpendicular to the facade of the house.

The garden in the regular style was created like a building. So green lawns were called rooms, rows of shrubs - walls, cascading fountains - stairs. Performances and fireworks, ballets and comedies were often held here. In the 18th century, the fashion for landscape gardens, and the role of architecture has ceased to be the main one here.
Graceful lace parterres in the form of a square, circle, oval were created directly at the house itself.
The trees were cut so that the trees further away from the center of the garden seemed lower. This perspective made the gardens appear larger than they actually were.

Topiary figures were first created in England

Some terms

The parterre is part of the garden with lawns, ponds, flower beds. All elements of the composition are one whole. Parterres decorate colorful sand. They have a particularly spectacular view from the height of the windows of the building.
Bosquet - a group of trees that serves as a background.
Topiary is a decoratively trimmed shrub.
Arabesques are a complex ornament made on the parterre of short-cut bushes.
Ditch akha - a way to mask the enclosing structures.
"Goose paw" - a pattern of 3 or 5 alleys coming out of one point.

Regular style tricks

Landscape architecture uses living Construction Materials, namely: plants, water, soil, stones.

The homestead territory is the very personal piece " wildlife". Spending a lot of time on fresh air You can relieve stress, refresh your thoughts and cheer you up. Beautiful and functional arrangement of a country garden is a guarantee peace of mind and have a great time. When thinking about which style to choose for your garden, you should pay attention to Regular. This is perfect solution for people who love symmetry and order in everything. The style is a set of clear compositions, made in the form of ideal geometric lines and shapes. It is suitable for large space. Only a large-scale territory is able to demonstrate all the features and advantages of the Regular (aka French) style.

There are no trifles for this direction. It even takes into account slightest nuances, which should subtly harmonize with the overall image. There is a clear layout here. Arrangement and care of the garden, made in french style takes a lot of time and effort. But the result is worth it. Your suburban area will turn into a real garden of French aristocrats, where every detail and every image is thought out.

Characteristic features of the regular style

At the head of the style is the focal point - the main axis. It can be an alley, a path, in the center of which there is an element of water: a pond or a fountain. Other axial compositions originate from it. On both sides, the central axis is framed by flower beds, lawns, alleys and trimmed shrubs of regular geometric shape. Symmetry is strictly observed.

Another feature of this trend in design is the bosquet. These are low trees and shrubs located in the garden in an unusual way. Most often they form a small semblance of a labyrinth, the center of which is hidden from prying eyes and can serve as a gazebo. Garden plantings are arranged in the form of geometric or architectural forms(tower, column, arch). There are two types of bosquet:

room. Here shrubs are planted strictly around the perimeter. Sheared plants form the wall, arches and statues adorn the niches. There is a flower garden in the center of the room.
grove imitation. group of plants decorate green lawn. If desired, it can be supplemented with any exotic species that grow in flowerpots.

Perfectly shaped lawns give the estate special splendor and French nobility. Clear, graceful and strict lines have remained since the time of decorating the regular styles of the gardens of the French kings. Until now, this direction is chosen by people who want to impress their guests. Luxury and nobility regular park only possible over a large area. For small garden only a few main features of the style are available: lawns of regular geometric shape, symmetry of planting garden plantings, the location of all objects parallel to the main axis.

Flowers are most often planted so that the plants in the flower garden form a discount. Outwardly, it resembles an oblong rectangular flower bed in which garden plantings are planted in an ornate pattern. Thanks to this method bright flowers form an elegant pattern. Such a flower miracle will perfectly decorate the space between the garden paths.

Antique accents create sculptures or decorative objects in the style of antiquity. They decorate the alleys, the space between them and the entrance to the garden. How more territory, the more sculptures, vases and amphoras can be put on the site.

In the garden, there must certainly be that area from where you can see all the splendor of the French style. Most often it is a balcony. It is from him that it is possible to evaluate the exact symmetry and regular shapes.

Plant selection

Bright annuals will help to refresh and add color to a strict regular style. Decorate the garden throughout summer period, daisies, Snapdragon, salvia and many others. In spring, tender bulbous plants ennoble the territory: daffodils, hyacinths,. They, like other garden plantings, must obey strict rules. The colors do not cover the border and are planted symmetrically, forming a certain pattern. There is no place for a chaotic flower meadow.

One of the most sought-after plants in the French style is. It is used as a plant that lends itself well to shearing and modeling (thuja, spruce). From these representatives of the flora, you can create any figure. Many evergreen garden plantings are unpretentious and do not require frequent cutting (juniper, dwarf pine).

No less popular flowering shrubs. They can be used as a solo plant and as a backdrop for many other plants. Most suitable for regular style: , etc. They can be used as hedge or a border.

There is a place in this direction and for artificial plants. They form green sculptures that adorn the lawn. Each green space has its own place, where the plant plays the role of a component of the whole image.

There is also planting in containers and flowerpots. The main condition for the container is natural raw materials in the manufacture (clay, ceramics). The form must be strict and correct, and the arrangement of the pots must be symmetrical.

Zoning the space by planting weaving flowers. They wrap around a pergola, arch, trellis or fence, creating the appearance of an impenetrable green wall. Visually divide the territory into required amount plots will help plants with a topiary haircut. By acquiring various geometric shapes, they give the garden a touch of surrealism. Reminiscent of a garden through the Looking Glass. Topiary haircut allows you to add originality and sophistication to the landscape.

water element

Cascades of fountains, lakes and streams, pools are a typical element of a garden in a regular style. First of all, moving water fills the garden with a pleasant sound. It calms and gives the area a sense of peace. Any water element, surrounded by plants, emphasizes the closeness of man to nature, their unity and unfading connection. The waterfall will complement the image of the landscape, where there are antique statues and vases. This combination looks elegant, rich and fills it with light. Water and trees attract birds. Those, in turn, complement the garden with their sonorous chirping and singing. In such an environment, you can forget about pressing matters and worries, and plunge into the world of harmony.

Regular Garden Care

French landscape design is the embodiment of rationality, splendor, luxury and solemnity. Its semantic idea is nature, headed by man. That is why laziness and dishonesty of the gardener are the main enemies of a regular garden. Creating a French-style garden requires considerable financial costs and free time. First of all, he needs a systematic haircut and plant care. The slightest negligence and the garden loses the zest of the regular style. Much attention is paid to the lawn. It should always be green, neatly cut. The yellowed grass is dug up and freshly prepared in advance is planted in its place.

Video - Regular style "Landscape Tricks"

The regular garden design was originally implemented in Persia and throughout Europe. Regular gardens are simple geometric shapes with sharp edges. Plants, hedges and walkways are either arranged in a circle, rectangle or square, and they are always symmetrical. Read on to find out how to create your own regular garden.

Steps

Draw a plan

Assess the site's location. The design you choose for your garden will depend on the contours of the area you are using. You must also take into account its placement in relation to your home or other nearby buildings. Consider the following factors:

Is the land being used hilly or flat? This will affect the final appearance your regular garden. Regular gardens are easier to create on flat ground, so you may want to consider leveling out some of the hills in your area.
What is the shape of the land? Are you working with a regular square or is it a more oblong shape? You must decide if you are going to grow your garden to the edge of the property, or if you want to create a more compact space within it.

Decide how you will use the garden. You may be designing a garden for visual enjoyment, or perhaps you want it to be more functional, i.e. a place for people to relax and play. This is an important decision as it will determine how much open space to leave in proportion to the area with plants and hedges.
- If you want people to quietly walk through the garden and observe all its details, you probably want to make a lot of paths and complex plantings.
- If you want your garden to be less structured, plan for only one or two paths and more open space.
Pick a center point. Regular gardens tend to be arranged around an impressive central point - think of a palace garden with a giant fountain in the center. In many cases, the focal point is in the center of the garden, but this is not required. Consider the following ideas:
- Make a small version of the palace gardens by creating a center of meaning with a pretty fountain or even a birdbath.
- Your meaning center may be beautiful tree which is already growing in the garden.
- You can buy a wrought iron bench and place it in a free area as a compositional center.
- Create a trellis arch in the center of the garden.
- Use your patio or decking as an accent, instead of one garden center.
Schedule tracks. Now that you have your meaning center, it's time to plan the paths that lead to it. A regular garden may have paved, brick, or stone paths. You can also leave carefully trimmed natural paths between hedgerows. You must carefully maintain the paths to create a sense of cleanliness and order, the main elements of a regular garden. Create a map that shows your composition center and the various paths that lead to it.

garden landscaping
1. Consider your climate. Maybe you've visited a garden in France, fell in love with its beauty, and want to recreate it in your own backyard. The first thing you should do is find out if your climate is suitable for growing plants you have seen elsewhere. It is important to choose plants that will thrive where you live, otherwise you will be dealing with diseased and dying plants instead of enjoying a healthy garden.
  - Find out which climate zone you live so that when you start looking for plant species, you can tell right away if they are suitable for planting.
  - Don't discount plants that are native to your area. Regular gardens can have many various options that change with climate. There are alpine, desert, tropical, temperate and mediterranean styles. Look at the gardens in your area, they may inspire you with ideas.
2. Choose the appropriate plants. Balance and unity are key in regular gardens. Choose plants with shapes that work well with each other and with other elements in your garden. For example, if your garden is predominantly square in shape, you could plant a hedge that can be trimmed at square shape. Hydrangea flowers are good choice for the garden mostly round shape.
  
  Observe symmetry. Once you've chosen your plants, decide where to plant them. Your garden is divided by paths into several parts; evaluate each space individually, and within the entire garden when you decide what to plant where.
  - Plant one type of plant along the paths. It looks beautiful and will tie all parts of the garden together.
  - If you plant something in one area, plant the same thing on the opposite side. For example, if you have a group of tulips in the left corner of your garden, plant a similar group in the right corner for balance and symmetry.
  - Plant en masse. Classic characteristic a regular garden is a striking view of a large group of plants. Square sections planted close to hyacinths, for example, could give your garden the look you want.
  - Create templates. Alternate the shapes and colors of the plants by planting a row of some flowers, a row of other flowers, and so on.
3. Make sure the garden looks beautiful all year round. The term "good bone" is used landscape designers to describe the structure of a garden that pleases the eye all year round, after the flowers have withered and the grass is not so green. Choose hedges that will stay green all year round, plant hardy plants. You can also use fences and other permanent structures to keep your garden design perfect.
  
  Create open spaces. Be sure to leave some areas open. Open spaces contrast with plantings, and they are also appropriate if you want people to be able to relax in the garden. Plant open spaces with grass or gravel, depending on your preference.
Adding details
1. Add stone vases and statues. Concrete is often used in the garden in the form of vases and statues. Another classic stone to use is marble or faux marble if you are looking for a more affordable option.
  - One beautiful statue used as central element your garden, may have great value. Visit garden shops and nurseries for outdoor statue options.
  - If you decide to use vases, buy an even number and arrange them throughout your garden. For example, if your garden is divided into four sectors, each must contain a vase, and all vases must contain the same plants or flowers.
2. Add furniture. If your garden is in your backyard, chances are you'll be spending a lot of time there. You need garden furniture that matches the design of your garden.
  - Wrought iron is a good choice for this purpose. You can also choose another material and paint it dark green or black to match your garden design.
  - Avoid plastic furniture since a regular garden should look timeless.

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