Planting a tree at first glance is not difficult: they dug a hole, installed it, dug it in. The survival of plants depends on compliance technological process and choosing a place for each seedling. Today we'll talk about how to plant a garden. Let's define best season for planting young animals and figure out how to place the plants relative to each other.

If you do not want to understand all the technical details of planting, we recommend that you seek help from professional gardeners. Our experienced specialists for low pay will qualitatively perform all types of garden work: from planting to plant rejuvenation! :)

season selection

First exciting question: how to plant a garden on the site - in spring or autumn. Yes, yes, the choice is exclusively from two seasons. The fact is that plants are planted (replanted) only when they are in a state of dormancy. The exception is large-sized ones - they are usually moved in a state of deep winter sleep. In summer (during the active growing season), it is highly recommended not to transplant young growth from place to place. He is already accustomed to the area where he grows, and will receive a shock from a sharp change in the place of growth, as a result, without having time to get used to the new conditions, he will burn out in the sun or die from a deficiency of trace elements. Almost 100% of seedlings planted in the summer become good material for kindling firewood for barbecue.

In total, we return to the question: how to properly plant a garden in the country - in autumn or spring? The choice of season depends on the climate zone.

1. In the south lane planting work is carried out in the fall. If seedlings are planted here in the spring, they may not have time to take root before the onset of intense heat, get burned, and die from moisture deficiency.
2. In the north- the opposite situation. Here you need to plant a garden in the spring. During the growing season, they will take root and calmly go into hibernation. Autumn planting is dangerous for plants. Most likely, they will not have time to acclimatize and will die with the onset of severe frosts. Getting frostbite.
3. In the central lane study landing work maybe twice a year. Here, autumn and spring planting give an almost identical result: young growth takes root well in a temperate climate.

Recall that all garden work you can hand over professional gardeners. Our experienced specialists know how to properly plant a garden of goji shrubs, apple plants, pear plants, all types of stone fruits, as well as ornamentals.

By the way, when planting a large amount of young animals, it is advisable to prepare a site for planting in advance. On it you need to carry out a whole range of works. It is carried out here: cleaning of the territory, loosening, marking, drainage is installed, all pits are prepared at the same time. Only without special equipment preparatory work drag on for many months. We have agricultural machinery and specialized tools, so we can prepare large plot in short time.

How to plant a garden: planting scheme

Before proceeding to planting seedlings, it is necessary to create a plan for the future garden. First of all, landing standards are taken into account. Primary requirements:

• The distance from the fruit-bearers to the neighbor's fence is from 3 m or more.
• When planting trees near the house, you need to step back so that mature tree did not destroy the roots of the foundation.
• When planting young animals, the location of heating mains and the laying of power lines are taken into account.

Now consider, how to properly plant a garden and a vegetable garden relative to each other. Trees are arranged so that as they grow they do not shade garden plants. Please note that it is desirable to plant some crops in close proximity to the fruit-bearers. For example, coriander and dill lure entomophages - natural enemies of insect pests. Mustard, rapeseed and legumes can serve as natural organic fertilizer.

When distributing young growth over the site, calculate the minimum step between seedlings. So that adult trees do not interfere with each other, the distance between them should be equal to the sum of their heights, or even more.

Now you know how to properly plant an orchard. As for the technique of planting trees, we advise you to look at individual articles on planting on our website. After all, each culture is unique and requires its own approach when planting: the terrain is selected differently, pits are prepared, fertilizers differ.

How to plant a garden video

In order to grow a garden of fruit trees on your site, you must not only decide on the place and plants, but also take into account the basic nuances, such as the planting pattern, the size of the holes, planting and caring for seedlings, which will be discussed in this article.

Garden layout

When a place was chosen for planting seedlings, it is important to decide on a scheme for planting them. It is recommended to plant trees according to four schemes, which have their own peculiarities in the arrangement of plants, make it possible to simplify the process of caring for seedlings and get a bountiful harvest.

The most common planting pattern is quadratic: it allows you to create comfortable conditions for garden care. According to this scheme, trees are planted in even rows. The distance between trees depends on their type and variety.

Important! It is also necessary to take into account the landing pattern in order to rationally use the space, therefore it is better to arrange the trees in a square plot according to a quadratic pattern.

If were chosen dwarf varieties, optimal distance between rows will be 4 m, between trees should be left 2.5 m. Classic species that were grafted on a wild rootstock should be planted at a distance of at least 3.5 m from each other, between rows - 5 m. Tall and vigorous species should be at a distance of 4 m, between rows 6 m is kept.

The quadratic planting pattern is suitable for trees that are not demanding on lighting, normally tolerate partial shade created by adjacent rows. Usually apple trees of different varieties are planted this way, some varieties of pears.

Chess

The chess scheme is very similar to the quadratic one, only in each square between four trees one more tree is planted. The scheme is denser, therefore it is suitable for planting medium-sized plants with a small crown. If the garden is located on a slope, then the chess scheme will be the best option planting trees to reduce soil erosion by precipitation.
The checkerboard planting method allows the trees to receive the maximum amount of light, therefore it is suitable for light-loving plants- plums, apricots, peaches, as well as for apple and pear trees. The distance between the trees should be 4 m, between the rows it is better to leave 5 m.

Planting trees in a triangular pattern is characterized by a denser arrangement of plants with a large crown. According to the triangular scheme, all trees will be evenly standing, which will allow planting 15% more plants than according to the quadratic scheme.

To find out the optimal distance between plants, you must be guided by the rule of doubling the indicator of the maximum width of the crown of an adult tree. For example, if the crown width is 4 m, then there should be a distance of at least 8 m between plants on all sides.
Thanks to the triangular planting pattern, plants can receive the maximum amount of light. Cherry, apple, pear, plum, apricot, peach are suitable for planting with this scheme.

horizontal layout

The horizontal planting pattern is used in the case of trees located on a hilly area. Plants in this case are planted along horizontal lines, which makes it possible to reduce soil erosion processes and successfully grow seedlings on uneven areas. For fruit plantings, an elevated area is chosen, preferably in the south of the site. It is necessary to lay fruit trees in such a way that the maximum height of the trunks is directed to the north.
Due to this arrangement, the plants are provided nai large quantity Sveta. The distance between them in this case should be at least 3 meters, between rows - at least 5. Any fruit trees are suitable for planting in a horizontal way.

garden planting

When the planting scheme has been determined, it is necessary to proceed with the selection and purchase of seedlings, which will then take root on the site.

Choice of fruit crops

In order for plants to bear fruit well, you need to be able to choose them correctly. Therefore, pay attention to the recommended growing region, soil and other conditions. Exist special varieties, which were bred for each region: they easily tolerate frosty winters, different types soils are less sensitive to adverse weather conditions. Consider the basic recommendations for planting trees that feel normal in mid-latitudes.

most popular fruit plant in the middle latitudes is the apple tree. This culture is photophilous, so it is better to plant it in a well-lit area. An apple tree can grow on gray forest, soddy-podzolic soils, chernozems, which are distinguished by a light mechanical composition with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. The tree does not tolerate excess moisture, so plant it on small hills, in areas with deep groundwater - at least 1.5 m deep.

Did you know? Apple orchards in the world cover 5 million hectares, and every third fruit tree in the world is an apple tree.

Pear is recommended to be planted on south side site, since the territory with harsh winters often cause trees to die. The site must be selected well protected from the wind, which is especially important in winter. Pear grows well on moist soils, groundwater should be no closer than 1 m to the soil surface. The ideal soil for pear is loamy, sandy loam or slightly podzolic.
Cherry prefers warmer regions with more sunlight and warmth. The seedling is not recommended to be planted in the lowlands, as the cherry has poor winter hardiness and often freezes. The territory must be chosen well-ventilated - in this way many tree diseases can be avoided. As for the soil, the cherry prefers fertile soils with a light mechanical composition, characterized by high air permeability. Cherries are planted on light and medium loams, which allows you to get the maximum yield.

Plum also prefers well-lit areas, so it is necessary to plant seedlings on the south side of the site, on a wet clay soil with a thick fertile layer and a neutral reaction. Plum also grows normally in the northern regions, but subject to the basic recommendations for planting and caring for the plant. Apricots grow well in mid-latitudes and subtropics in the most illuminated areas with plenty of sunlight and heat. Apricot trees need to be well protected from northerly winds: they can be placed on slopes and in places that are inaccessible to cold air.
The tree is best planted in light, well-drained soils. Peaches are planted in southern regions with a lot of heat and sunlight, because they are unstable to severe frosts damaging fruit buds. Peaches grow well on light loams with high air permeability and drainage, a prerequisite is high-quality wind protection.

How to choose and buy seedlings

It is important not only to choose the right place for planting seedlings, but also the planting material itself, in order to ensure a good survival of the tree and receive stable high yields further.

Important! It is preferable to buy seedlings in nurseries, avoiding markets and other dubious places.

First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the age of the tree: it is optimal to acquire planting material of two years of age, older trees have a low survival rate. Look carefully at the root system of seedlings - it should be healthy, contain, in addition to skeletal, numerous growing roots. Do not buy trees that have knots, thickenings, growths, nodules, nodules or other dubious formations on the roots.
The minimum number of skeletal roots for a two-year-old seedling is 3, it is preferable to choose seedlings that contain more than 3. Do not buy trees that have gross mechanical damage to the roots created during the process of improper digging. The height of a two-year-old seedling should be at least 1.5 meters; healthy trees contain three lateral branches that are evenly distributed along the trunk. The bark should be smooth, not have any scratches, cracks.

Did you know? There is an interesting method for determining the duration of storage of an excavated tree: it is necessary to pinch a tree branch between a large and index finger, and if the seedling is fresh, then a slight coolness will come from the tree, and if the seedling is dry–you will feel warm.

Planting hole preparation

Depending on the type fruit tree landing pit being prepared different size and different shapes, but for almost all trees, round pits with sheer walls are best suited, which can ensure the normal development of the root system. The size of a hole dug in cultivated soil with a deep fertile layer should be about 70 cm in diameter and 70 cm deep.

If a tree is planted in a territory being developed for the first time, the size of the pit will increase three times, since it will need to be filled with a sufficient amount of nutrient mixture, which in the future will serve as a reservoir necessary for normal development young seedling substances. Heavy clay and sandy soils involve digging a hole 1 m in diameter and 1 m deep. Experienced gardeners it is advised to dig wider and less deep holes on clay dense soil so that water does not stagnate in their lower layers - this will have a detrimental effect on the roots of plants.
If planting will be done in the spring, then holes must be dug in autumn period previous year if the landing will be made in the fall, then the hole is dug in May-June. This is necessary so that the fertilizers that were applied to the soil are well mixed and ripened, that is, they form the necessary microbiological environment.

Tree planting rules

Depending on the type of fruit tree, there are rules for the size of the pit, planting time and other nuances that need to be considered:

1. apple trees they are often planted in the spring, if the seedling is not older than 2 years, so that over the summer the tree takes root, grows and survives wintering normally. Spring planting should take place in early May - late April, when the ground has already thawed and warmed up a little. If the seedling will be planted in the spring, then the pit can be prepared a week before planting. The size of the pit will depend on the soil: if it is quite fertile, then 60 cm in depth and diameter will be enough; if the soil is poor, then the depth should be at least 70 cm, and the diameter should be 80 cm. Seedlings of 3-4 years of age can be planted in autumn , since the already strong tree is not afraid of winter frosts. Planting is best done in early October, so that the roots have time to strengthen before winter. In autumn, it is recommended to plant young trees in the southern regions with fertile soil. A hole is dug the same size as in the case of planting in the spring, but it is prepared a month before planting.
   
2. pear can be planted both in spring and autumn. Spring planting (at the end of April) excludes the possibility of death of the tree from frost. It is better to prepare the pit in advance, in the fall of the previous year. During this time, the soil will shrink, and after planting the seedling, the root neck will not deepen much, which guarantees the normal survival of the plant. The hole should be about a meter wide and about 50 cm deep. If the soil is poor, then the hole is dug deeper and filled with several buckets fertile soil. As in the case of an apple tree, a pear is planted in the southern regions in autumn, which allows the seedling to take root normally. In addition, a pear that was planted in the fall and survived the winter will be stronger and more resistant to future frosts. It is better to dig a hole in the spring, the size of the hole in depth is 50 cm, the diameter is 1 m, and planting is carried out in early October.
   
3. Apricot in the spring it is recommended to plant before the buds awaken on the seedling - in mid-April. The pit is prepared in autumn, its minimum size– 70 cm deep and 70 cm in diameter. The preparation of the pit for the autumn landing should be carried out in a month, or even two. A width of 1 m is required, and a depth of 80 cm. The optimal time for landing is the beginning of October.
   
4. Cherry often planted in spring (end of April), especially middle lane and northern regions, as the seedling grows over the summer, becomes stronger and normally tolerates wintering. The pit should be dug in advance, preferably in the fall, its depth should be at least 50 cm, diameter - 80 cm. In autumn, planting cherries is practiced only in the southern regions, sometimes in the middle lane. The optimal time for planting is the end of September, so that before the first frost hits, the tree gets stronger. The pit is prepared in the spring, the size is the same as in the case of landing in the spring.
   
5. Peach is a heat-loving plant, therefore, even in the southern regions, planting is carried out in the spring (end of April). The pit is prepared in advance, best of all in the fall, the size of the pit should be at least 70 cm deep and 1 m in diameter.
   
6. prefers spring planting in the middle lane and in the northern regions; in the southern regions, planting seedlings in the autumn is most often practiced. In spring, plums are planted at the end of April in a prepared hole. It is better to cook the pit in the fall, add to it organic fertilizers, which over a sufficiently long period of time will overheat and create ideal conditions for a young seedling. The pit should be at least 60 cm deep and 70 cm wide, or more. In autumn, at the beginning of October, the plum is planted in a hole that was dug in the spring and fertilized with organic matter, the size of the hole is 60x70 cm.
   

Did you know?Unlike other fruit trees, plums cannot be found in nature in the wild. Plum was obtained by crossing blackthorn and cherry plum more than 2 thousand years ago.

How to care for newly planted trees

When the seedlings are planted in the soil, at first, special attention should be paid to regular watering. The frequency of watering depends on weather conditions and the regularity of rainfall. The minimum amount of water to be poured under one tree is 20 liters at a time. You need to water 1 time in 2-4 weeks. It is recommended to check the soil for moisture with a stick: if the surface of the soil is 20 cm dry, it's time to water the seedling.

The place around the seedling should be mulched - this is necessary in order to create favorable environment for the root system, retain moisture in the summer, slow down the growth of weeds. Mulch is poured in a fairly thick layer (15 cm) at a distance of 1-2 meters from the trunk - use sawdust, straw. The near-stem circle is regularly loosened and rid of weeds. It is especially important to loosen the soil after watering, when it is compacted from the water. Loosening is carried out to a depth of no more than 5 cm, so as not to damage the young roots.
Be sure a young tree for the winter should be insulated so that it normally endures frosts. Warming the trunk will also help protect the bark from rodent raids, which gnaw it in winter, which leads to the death of the seedling. The procedure is carried out in early November, tying the lower part of the trunk spruce branches not less than 70 cm in height. Whitewashing of trees is carried out 2 times a year - in autumn and spring. Autumn whitewashing is done on a sunny, not rainy day at the end of September, and spring whitewashing should be carried out during a period of slight frosts, when the first insects have not yet appeared.

If you want to grow vegetables in your garden as well, the layout of the garden and vegetable garden must be considered together. It is better to take a place for beds at the southern border, from north to south, this is better for crops growing in the middle lane.

Some gardeners recommend placing beds from east to west. Behind the vegetable and strawberry (strawberry) beds are located fruit bushes- currant, gooseberry. Trees are planted behind the bushes, a light shade from the trees will not harm the berry bushes, and the vegetable beds should be in the sun. An example of the design of vegetable beds - they do not have to be square or rectangular shape, original beds reminiscent of flower beds

What do you need to know before planning?

Before you start planning your garden, you need to take into account the following important factors:

• What is the size of the area can be allocated for an orchard. For trees with spreading crowns, a distance of 4 sq.m. terrain. For orchard flat terrain or a gentle slope would be ideal, it lingers in hollows cold air, excessive moisture, these areas are unfavorable for fruit trees. Soil analysis of your site. At fruit crops powerful root system, the soil must be fertile to provide it with good nutrition. Stony, clay, sandy soil is not suitable for a garden. The proximity of groundwater negatively affects the growth of trees. Presence of heat and light. For most fruit trees, it is important that there is plenty of light and heat; in the shade, they grow and bear fruit much worse. It should be said about the area with a constant strong wind - the wind interferes with normal pollination, dries the soil, often damages crops and breaks tree branches. A high fence or green spaces can partially protect against winds.

Planning starts with a blueprint on paper. If there is already a house on the site, you need to start planning from it.

A scale diagram of the site, the contours of the house and other buildings, as well as places where trees are already growing is applied to the paper. This site is protected from the wind by trees planted around it, which have already grown enough to provide protection. If the site is not yet built up, a place for building a house. The layout of the garden on the site suggests the presence of a front garden.

The house should face the street, in front of it there is a strip of land for the front garden. Its size depends on the area of ​​​​the site - for someone it is only a meter, for someone it is 6-8 meters.

In a small front garden, flowers, raspberries and berry bushes are usually planted, in a large one - ornamental trees, flowers or several fruit trees at the discretion of the owners. shrubs - a place for smaller trees - cherries, plums. An example of planning a garden and a vegetable garden - the site is divided into two parts. In the first - a house surrounded by a front garden and vegetable beds, the second half - an orchard with trees planted in rows. In general, it will be convenient to draw a site plan, put on it all the existing buildings, the proposed location of the garden and vegetable garden.

On the site you need to mark the holes for planting trees. Try to plant trees at a distance so that as they grow, they do not obscure each other. Heap-growing bushes and trees in the garden do not grow well, in addition, conditions are created for diseases of horticultural crops.

Fruit trees have a powerful root system, it should develop freely. Advice. If your site is overgrown with wild shrubs, there are stumps on it that need to be uprooted, do necessary work and burn the wood residues.

Collect the ashes in a dry place, it will come in handy when creating fertile beds. Usually, the layout of an orchard involves planting trees in such a way that they do not obscure the neighbors' plots, but it is not uncommon for a tree to grow near the fence, providing fruits to both the owners and neighbors, at the same time, no one has any complaints. Today it is fashionable to give the beds an original shape, for example, a pizza garden. The highlight lies in the fact that the rest diverge from the round beds in the center, like slices of pizza, forming a circle. Raspberries, blackberries or berry bushes are usually planted at the borders of the site, which bear fruit well even in shading.

Landscaping and regular planning

Below are examples of garden planning for lovers of order and clarity of form and for those who like it when plants in an orchard are also planted according to the scheme, but give the impression of natural areas. Landscape planning involves the arrangement of trees and other crops in a free order, close to natural. In such a garden, in addition to fruit crops, decorative ones are also widely used. An example of a free garden layout is vegetable beds on the left and above, fruit trees are planted in groups in the center and on the right. With regular planning, trees and shrubs, as well as vegetables in the garden, are planted in strict rows at the same distance. . The planting pattern also has a strict geometric shape - a square for plots whose length and width are almost equal, and a rectangle for plots whose length is much greater than the width. An example of a regular layout of a garden with a vegetable garden is a clear geometry, the plot is divided into regular squares, rectangles, plants are planted rows

Where are the best crops to plant?

These are trees and shrubs that grow well and bear fruit in your latitudes. For the middle lane, these are pears, apple trees (it is advisable to plant several trees of different varieties), different varieties plums and cherry plums, cherries. Cherries and apricots will ripen in warm latitudes.

Berry bushes - all varieties of currants, gooseberries, blackberries, raspberries. With a small area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe plot, it is convenient to place shrubs around the perimeter. If you plant several apple trees, among which there will be summer, autumn and winter apple trees, the fruits will delight you in different time An example of an interesting layout of the garden - paths diverge from the square of slabs in the center, between which there are beds, different crops are planted on each of the beds. Approach conveniently to any of them vegetable beds next you need to plant crops that grow well in close proximity to each other:

• cabbage, cucumbers, peas; white cabbage, dill, potatoes, onions, lettuce, celery; tomatoes, peas, carrots; horseradish, potatoes, beans, onions, cabbage.

When you draw a diagram, decide which plants to plant and in what quantity, you can start marking the garden on the ground, buy seedlings and prepare the soil.

See related articles

How to draw up a garden plan?

The first issue when designing a garden plot or orchard is considering the wishes of the family. A list of fruits to grow within climatic limits should be made taking into account family preferences.

In order to grow as many family-loved fruit trees as possible, both spatial and temporal moments must be taken into account. Only if both factors - additional space and time - allow, then include in the project insignificant fruit trees that may not be liked by all family members.

The most important thing in successful fruit breeding, according to William Ackerman, is the choice of a nursery, the purchase of varieties that the best way adapted to your particular climate and soil, and the right preparations are the location and planting of these varieties. Fruit trees can be planted in spring or autumn.

Designing an orchard Assuming that the location of the orchard is determined, it is necessary to decide how to arrange the trees. They are usually planted based on a specific system.

The most common ways to plant trees in a garden are: square, staggered or diagonal, hexagon or triangle. Where the ground is uneven and steep, the best planting pattern is horizontal. good way for the use of filler plants). Triangular scheme - all trees are equally spaced.

This location allows you to place 15% more trees 0.4 ha than the quadratic. Horizontal pattern - all trees are planted in horizontal lines, which reduces soil erosion and allows the garden to be grown on a hilly area. The trees of a small garden plot can be arranged according to one of these systems if a large enough tree is planted amount. It is better to plant fewer trees, according to the gardener's ability, than so many that he, losing control over the work, will not be able to care for them.

Where the garden takes suburban area, its capacity and layout depend on the size of the space. The choice of location is very important for the successful cultivation of a variety of fruits. The distance between trees should be determined mainly by the size of the trees they reach when they are mature.

And this strongly depends on the type of tree, variety, fertility and depth of the soil. The trees should be far enough apart to allow the sun to warm the lowest branches if the fruit good quality develop in the lower parts of the tree.

Location identification The location of a backyard fruit plant is usually determined by the circumstances. M. B. Hoffman of the Cornell Experimental Station says that proximity to home is certainly desirable, but if it is in low ground where frost is prone, it is best to plant on high ground if possible.

An orchard can be located on uncultivated land, or on fruit-bearing long time, or on the soils of an old abandoned garden, which has previously been proven suitable for the growth of fruit trees. If old lot must be replanted, the land must be occupied for several seasons, or crops can be grown for green manure and plowed before planting fruit plot. Bury the green manure in the fall and plant young trees next spring. HOW TO LOT Having your own plot of land and planting something on it does not mean that something useful and sufficient for the family will grow on it.

Of course, trees will grow and bear fruit, but a garden is good when it gives a plentiful harvest of fruits and berries. Moreover, beautiful, full-fledged fruits, and not a few shriveled apples. Therefore, in order to properly set up a garden, one should not only plan it, equip irrigation and water supply systems, but also consider a number of other issues: 1) the optimal number of fruit trees on the site; 3) according to what scheme to plant trees.

apple trees

Even during the planning period, it should be taken into account that approximately starting from the third harvest, one can judge how the tree bears fruit. Naturally, it is understood that the garden will be properly maintained (watering, fertilizing, pest control).

It is believed that for an average family (4 people) it is enough to have about 4 - 5 apple trees in the garden. This means that such a number of trees will fully satisfy the needs of all households not only in fresh fruits, but will also allow conservation in a volume sufficient until the next harvest. Depending on the variety, apple trees have different ripening times.

Therefore, they are divided into early (summer), middle (autumn) and late (winter). The owners themselves decide how many and what varieties of apple trees to plant in the garden. Naturally, if there is a good cellar, it is advisable to plant a larger number of winter varieties.

At proper organization storage of apples, they can lie until May - June of the next year, without losing their qualities. Thus, there will always be fresh apples in the house, and you won’t have to buy beautiful-looking, but “suspicious” imported ones in stores. Vigorous apple trees are planted, given that the distance between trees in a row is at least 2 m. The same distance between rows.

The extreme row of apple trees should be separated from the fence of the site (fence) according to this distance. However, there are apple trees that are called medium-sized and dwarf (weak). For them, this distance is reduced.

The advantage of such apple trees is that they begin to bear fruit earlier. If the owners want to plant apple trees of different “growth” on their plot, then you need to think about how the “higher” varieties of apple trees do not subsequently obscure the undersized ones. For this, vigorous apple trees are planted in the northern part of the site.

Further towards the south - medium-sized, then - dwarf apple trees. It must be taken into account that, unlike the "wild" apple trees, the cultivated apple tree is self-fertile. That is, it is deprived of the ability to self-pollinate. She needs another "pollinator".

To do this, varieties of apple trees are selected on the site so that they can pollinate each other. For example, for Antonovka vulgaris (autumn-winter variety), pollinators can be Moscow pear, white filling, and some others.

There are special directories, tables where you can find all detailed information on this issue. In the same row with vigorous apple trees, a pear is often planted (see the article “How to grow a pear”). It is with the vigorous ones, since pear trees high enough.

Berry crops

Strawberries are the most popular among gardeners, under which several beds are allocated. It should be noted that this culture requires abundant watering.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide for the presence of a nearby or connection point watering hose(see the article “How to choose a hose for irrigation”), or a tap. As for shrubs, raspberries, currants and gooseberries are planted in almost every area (see the article “How to plant gooseberries correctly”). Between berry bushes you need to leave a gap of at least 1 m. All of these crops bear fruit well in open areas.

But on the site there are also trees (in perspective), giving shade. Berry bushes treat it differently. More hardy currants (both red and white).

Black currants and gooseberries "like shade" less. Bushes are planted in the southern part of the site, as a rule, closer to the fence. They are all undersized (especially gooseberries) and will not shade the beds. I wish you on your site!

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How to set up a garden

19.12.2014 |

zealous owner on his own personal plot grows rich crops of vegetables, berries and fruits. But those who love the unique natural landscape deserve doubly respect, because we come to the countryside to enjoy the singing of birds, the scents of flowers and great views garden plot, planned and laid out according to own plan and with your own hands. Today we will offer you several options on how to decorate the garden on the site, making it unusually beautiful and decorative, pleasing to the eye and giving excellent yields.

How to start garden planning

Before you start to change something in the appearance of the site, make a drawing to scale on paper, indicate on it the existing crops and those that you plan to plant. When planning, it is necessary to take into account the optimal number of crops in the garden, their survival rate nearby, varieties of fruit trees, as well as the location of ornamental trees and shrubs with small architectural forms.

Draw a diagram, think over what materials you might need to create a landscape, and, most importantly, take your time: the appearance of the site should change gradually. A professional can offer a French, Japanese, English garden to choose from. You can set up an orchard with decorative elements to your liking, because the main task is to combine a good harvest and the opportunity for the family to relax in cozy corner nature. Determine where the darkest place is on the site and plant shrubs there that love partial shade (raspberry, jasmine, verbena, hosta, gooseberry, juniper).

The same can be done with the most illuminated place in the garden. Consider the composition of the soil, the plants will probably need black soil and natural fertilizers. Once you have decided on the plants, add a few landscape "highlights" to the site, for example, a place for a summer pool, a pond, stepped flower beds, playground, barbecue, gazebos. Do not forget to divide the site into two parts: fruit trees and shrubs in one place, and flower beds, recreation areas and a garden in another. Each zone can be separated by a low fence or curb, make walking paths. Orchard

1. Separating zonal fruit-bearers from flowering ornamental crops, pay attention to the correct planting of trees so that the proximity to each other does not harm the future harvest. Shouldn't get carried away garden trees, since they require quite a lot of care: top dressing, watering, pest control, harvesting, finally. For a family of 4, it is enough to have 10 fruit-bearing trees on the site: 4-5 apple trees, 2 pears, 2 plums, 2 cherries. Nearby, you need to plant trees that produce crops at the same time: cherries separately from everyone, plums and late apple trees together, pears and mid-ripening apple trees can also be planted close to each other. When planting fruit crops, the distance and size of the crown are taken into account: for example, between tall trees you need to leave a distance of 2.5 - 3 m. Do not try to plant a tree close to the fence, unless, of course, it is dwarf or decorative. Try to plant tall crops in the depths of the garden so that they create shade inside and do not interfere with other trees. Usually, late apple and pear trees feel good in the northern part of the garden, mid-season ones need to be planted to the south, choosing a place for them on a hillock and fully lit by the sun. All berry crops are grown near the house (strawberries, wild strawberries), and fruit bushes are planted next to the hedge , leaving a distance of 1 m between gooseberries, raspberries, currants.

Along with the article "How to set up a garden" also read:

1 What should an orchard look like? ^

Related VideoVideo about arranging an orchardClick on Play to watch

If you have purchased a plot without fruit trees or want to reorganize existing plantings, do not rush to buy seedlings, first of all, remember the preferences of households. Why grow cherries if no one will eat them?

It is advisable to compare desires with opportunities, that is, if you manage to take care of only 15 trees, do not follow the dream of having a large garden and do not buy 2 times more than you need. Having made a list of how many and which trees you will need, you can start solving tasks of how to properly plant an orchard in the country with your own hands. There are a number of places where planting trees is not recommended.

First of all, this is a house adjoining territory; for planting, the distance should be at least 5 meters from the building. If you place trees closer, their roots can damage the foundation, and branches during strong winds can break the integrity of the roof. As a result, you will have to cut down the orchard with your own hands.

Fruit-bearing crops along the path are inappropriate, since the roots stretching under it can swell the soil, destroying the cover, and ripe fruits falling from the branches will interfere with movement in the garden. And, of course, you should not plant fruit trees close to the fence, since harvesting from branches bent over the territory of neighbors will be quite difficult.

2 How to plant an orchard correctly - breakdown according to the scheme ^

Related videoVideo about the correct planting of seedlings of fruit treesClick on Play to watch

If you need a garden for abundant harvests, do not arrange seedlings randomly, there are certain geometric patterns for placing fruit trees. The natural style, unlike the regular one, is used to decorate the landscape, but makes it difficult to care for the garden, which reduces productivity. The most common option is quadratic, that is, in even rows, this layout of the orchard provides the most convenient conditions for work. dense, an additional tree is placed in the center of each square, this option is appropriate for medium-sized trees with a compact crown.

There is also a triangular type of arrangement of seedlings, it provides, perhaps, the most dense cultivation of fruit crops with large crowns. And, finally, a horizontal option, which implies the presence of a slope and the creation of ledges along it. For fruit plantings, it is best to choose a hill, preferably in the southern part of the site, while laying the orchard is done so that the height of the trunks increases to the north, to provide them with light . The distance between apple trees should not be less than 3 meters, for pears and cherries it can be reduced to 2.5 meters, and for plums - up to 2.

3 Bookmark an orchard - choose trees ^

Related videoVideo on choosing fruit tree seedlings for plantingClick on Play to watch

It is known that with a good yield of apple trees for a family of four, 5 trees are enough, while the fruits are enough for spinning and to enjoy fresh fruit.. Therefore, varieties with wide crowns are recommended to be planted at large intervals, they need space.

However, if you create a farm, and part of the crop will be sent for sale, more trees should be planted. So that the breakdown of the orchard does not require too much large area, you can purchase dwarf species or columnar apple and pear trees. The latter can be planted at the highest density, since side branches they are absent, and cuttings of fruits grow directly from the trunk.

The choice of seedling is based on its age. Annuals take root best of all, which are easy to distinguish from two-year-olds by a small number of lateral shoots, the latter often have more than 3 shoots. It is very important to pay attention to the condition of the trunk, it should be relatively even, without defects and growths. 2 centimeters, and height - not less than 50.

The root system must be sufficiently developed and intact, at least 30 centimeters long if the tree has grown from a seed, and about 25 centimeters for a vegetatively obtained shoot. The bulk of the seedlings are grafted, that is, on a developed root with a part of the trunk, called a stock, the top with lateral processes is grown.

Seed propagation in the garden strawberry familiar to us, unfortunately, leads to the appearance of less productive plants and weaker bushes. But another type of these sweet berries - alpine strawberries, can be successfully grown from seeds. Let's learn about the main advantages and disadvantages of this crop, consider the main varieties and features of agricultural technology. The information presented in this article will help you decide whether it is worth giving her a place in the berry.

Often at the sight beautiful flower we instinctively bend down to smell its fragrance. All fragrant flowers can be divided into two large groups: nocturnal (pollinated by nocturnal butterflies) and diurnal, whose pollinators are mainly bees. Both groups of plants are important for the grower and designer, because we often walk in the garden during the day and relax in our favorite corners with the onset of the evening. We are never put off by the fragrance of our favorite fragrant flowers.

Pumpkin is considered by many gardeners to be the queen of the beds. And not only because of its size, variety of shapes and colors, but also for excellent taste, useful qualities and a rich harvest. Pumpkin contains a large amount of carotene, iron, various vitamins and minerals. Thanks to the opportunity long-term storage this vegetable keeps us healthy all year round. If you decide to plant a pumpkin on your site, you will be interested to know how to get the largest possible harvest.

Scotch eggs are amazing! Try to cook this dish at home, there is nothing difficult to prepare. Scotch eggs are hard-boiled eggs wrapped in chopped meat breaded in flour, egg and breadcrumbs and deep fried. For frying, you need a frying pan with a high rim, and if you have a deep fryer, then it's just great - even less hassle. You will also need deep-frying oil so as not to smoke the kitchen. Choose farm eggs for this recipe.

One of the most amazing large-flowered tub cubanola Dominican fully justifies the status of a tropical miracle. Heat-loving, slow-growing, with huge and in many ways unique bells of flowers, cubanola is a fragrant star with a difficult character. She demands special conditions content in the rooms. But for those who are looking for exclusive plants for their interior, the best (and more chocolatey) candidate for the role of indoor giant cannot be found.

Chickpea Curry with Meat is a hearty hot dish for lunch or dinner inspired by Indian cuisine. This curry is quick to prepare, but requires pre-preparation. Chickpeas need to be pre-soaked in large quantities cold water for several hours, preferably at night, the water can be changed several times. It is also better to leave the meat in the marinade overnight so that it turns out juicy and tender. Then you should boil the chickpeas until tender and then cook the curry according to the recipe.

Rhubarb can not be found in every garden plot. It's a pity. This plant is a storehouse of vitamins and can be widely used in cooking. What is not prepared from rhubarb: soups and cabbage soup, salads, delicious jam, kvass, compotes and juices, candied fruits and marmalade, and even wine. But that's not all! A large green or red rosette of plant leaves, resembling burdock, protrudes beautiful background for one year olds. Not surprisingly, rhubarb can also be seen in flower beds.

Today, experiments with non-banal combinations and non-standard colors in the garden are in trend. For example, plants with black inflorescences have become very fashionable. All black flowers are original and specific, and it is important for them to be able to select suitable partners and a position. Therefore, this article will not only introduce you to the range of plants with slate-black inflorescences, but also teach you the intricacies of using such mystical plants in garden design.

3 delicious sandwiches - cucumber sandwich, chicken sandwich, cabbage sandwich with meat - great idea for a quick bite or for a picnic in nature. Only fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and a little spice. There are no onions in these sandwiches, you can add marinated in balsamic vinegar an onion in any of the sandwiches, it will not spoil the taste. Having quickly prepared snacks, it remains to collect a picnic basket and go to the nearest green lawn.

Depending on the variety group, the age of seedlings suitable for planting in open ground is: for early tomatoes - 45-50 days, for medium ripening - 55-60 and late dates- not less than 70 days. When planting seedlings of tomatoes at a younger age, the period of its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But success in obtaining a high-quality crop of tomatoes also depends on the careful implementation of the basic rules for planting seedlings in open ground.

unpretentious plants The “second plan” of sansevieria does not seem boring to those who appreciate minimalism. They are better than other indoor decorative foliage stars for collections that require minimal maintenance. Stable decorative effect and extreme endurance of only one type of sansevieria are also combined with compactness and very fast growth - Khan's rosette sansevieria. The squat rosettes of their stiff leaves create striking clusters and patterns.

One of the brightest months garden calendar pleasantly surprises with the balance of the distribution of favorable and unsuccessful days for working with plants according to lunar calendar. Gardening and gardening in June can be done throughout the month, while the unfavorable periods are very short and still allow you to do useful work. There will be their optimal days for sowing with plantings, and for pruning, and for a pond, and even for construction work.

Meat with mushrooms in a pan is an inexpensive hot dish that is suitable for a regular lunch and for a festive menu. Pork will cook quickly, veal and chicken too, so this meat is preferable for the recipe. Mushrooms - fresh champignons, in my opinion, the best choice for homemade stew. Forest gold - mushrooms, boletus and other goodies are best harvested for the winter. Boiled rice or mashed potatoes are ideal as a side dish.

I love ornamental shrubs, especially unpretentious and with an interesting, non-trivial foliage color. I have different Japanese spireas, Thunberg barberries, black elderberry ... And there is one special shrub that I will talk about in this article - the viburnum vesicle. To make my dream of a low maintenance garden come true, it's probably the perfect fit. At the same time, it is able to diversify the picture in the garden very much, moreover, from spring to autumn.

K category: Garden laying technology

garden planting technology

A young garden on a well-plowed, rich nutrients the soil successfully takes root, the trees grow well and begin to bear fruit early.
It should be remembered that after uprooting the old garden, you cannot immediately plant a new one. The soil must be improved, as the roots of trees that have been growing in one place for decades release toxic substances that will harm the growth of young trees. It is good to sow crops within 3-4 years. After that, you can lay a new garden on these lands.

Planting time is important in creating intensive gardens. Actually, planting a garden can be carried out both in autumn and in spring. However, during autumn planting, there is a danger that still unattached and immature trees may freeze out in cold winters. In addition, drying of seedlings and burns of the bole are possible. Those who make autumn plantings of strawberries, berry bushes and fruit crops need to know that all plantings must be completed a month before the soil freezes.

But still, the best time for planting gardens is super-early spring planting in a short time - 5-10 days.

But in order for the spring planting to be successful, it is necessary to carry out all the preparatory work in the fall: preparing the site, laying it out, digging holes, acquiring and storing planting material. If these works are carried out in autumn, planting can be done in a short time, in warm days late February - early March.

On the contrary, if the preparatory work is carried out in the spring, when unfavorable weather, planting is delayed until late on May 15 - 25, which is very harmful to the survival rate, growth and overwintering of trees.

When planted in early spring in moist soil, trees take root better, they begin to grow earlier, new young shoots have time to mature by autumn and tolerate winter cold well. It happened more than once that in those farms where the plantings were carried out late spring, in winter, a lot of trees froze. Time was lost, and the specialists of the farm explained this by insufficient winter hardiness of the variety.

For spring planting, seedlings must be purchased in the fall and dug using the winter digging technology. Before obtaining planting material, the grower should make a list of varieties for each crop recommended for the area. Recommendations for breed and varietal zoning are available in all nurseries, district production departments, and in voluntary gardening and horticulture societies.

For planting, you need to prepare only well-developed and intact seedlings, with a well-developed root system. The buyer of planting material should be aware that nursery workers are not allowed to sell non-standard seedlings (crooked, damaged, weak, with weak roots, dry). Nurseries are obliged to write invoices for each batch of seedlings indicating the pomological variety and issue a variety certificate, the form of which is available in nurseries.

When transporting planting material, especially over long distances, it is necessary to pack it well, protecting it from drying.

For digging, a slightly elevated place, cleared of weeds, not flooded by melt or groundwater, away from buildings, stacks of hay and straw is selected. The soil must be very loose and moist, for this it is watered and deeply loosened.

At the site of the dig, a groove is prepared with a depth of 50-60 cm, one of the walls of which - better than the southern one - should have a slope of 45 degrees. The seedlings are placed in a groove not in bunches, but in one row close to each other and covered with loose earth so that the roots and part of the trunks (up to half of their length) are covered with earth, trying to prevent voids near the roots. When the roots are dug up with shovels from the steep side, a groove of the same depth is again formed, where the second row is laid out, etc.

After digging is completed, the soil is watered. The digging is carried out according to the varieties that are marked with labels, a plan is drawn up.

It should be recalled that when incorrect execution digging in dry ground, or cloddy soil, seedlings may freeze. In case of large and prolonged frosts, the open part of the seedlings can be temporarily insulated by placing a layer of straw on them. In order to avoid damage to seedlings by mice, poisoned baits should be used.

best term sale of seedlings in nurseries is autumn. During autumn digging, the preservation of seedlings from winter freezing is guaranteed, especially stone fruit crops.

When planting fruit trees, the distances between them should be (according to I.A. Chekulaev, E.V. Kolesnikov) within the following limits: between rows 6 m, in a row between plants 5 m (6 x 5) for apple and pear trees on vigorous rootstocks of varieties with large crown (Antonovka, Anis, Shtreifling, Cinnamon) and 5 x 4 - 4.5 for varieties with an average crown (Breading, Borovinka, Pepin saffron). For all varieties of apple trees on semi-dwarf rootstocks - 5 × 3 m, on dwarf rootstocks - 4 - 1.5 m, for standard varieties of cherries and plums - 3 x 2.5.

Pits for planting fruit trees should be dug round, with sheer walls. Depending on the size of the root system of the fruit tree, the dimensions of the planting pits vary from 80 to 100-120 cm in diameter, up to 40-60 cm in depth. The upper fertile layer (0-20 cm) when digging a hole is folded in one direction, the lower one in the other. The bottom of the pit is loosened with a shovel or crowbar to a depth of 20 - 30 cm.

Planting pits are filled with fertilized soil 7-10 days before planting trees, so that it has time to settle. A stake is driven in the center of the pit, and fertilized soil is poured into a mound. The pits are filled only with the soil of the upper layer; in case of its shortage, the soil is taken from the row spacing. About 2/3 of the pit volume is filled with fertilized soil, the rest is filled with soil without fertilizers. During the filling of the pit, the soil is periodically trampled down.

Norms of organic and mineral fertilizers on the pit are indicated in Table. eight.

Before planting, the damaged roots of seedlings are cut off. sharp knife or secateurs to living tissues, dipped in soil or clay talker. The seedling is placed on a mound in a hole at the required height and the roots are straightened. After filling the roots with a layer of earth with the toe of the foot to the trunk, the soil is compacted, then it is completely covered and compacted. A hole for irrigation with a diameter of 50 - 60 cm is arranged around the tree.

The root collar of the planted plant should be at the level of the soil, so when planting it is placed 4-5 cm above it, in this case there should be a mound of soil of the same height. After the earth settles, the mound and the root collar will be at the level of the soil.

A slight deepening of the planting is permissible only when planting plants grafted onto vegetatively propagated low-growing rootstocks and with intermediate inserts.

After planting, regardless of the weather conditions, watering is carried out at 20 - 30 liters per plant and the soil is mulched.