Installation of a boiler in an apartment building. Individual heating in an apartment building - what documents are needed according to the law, installation rules in the apartment. Boiler selection and installation standards

Mounting gas boiler and its connection to the system is the most efficient way to organize heat supply in a house or apartment. Control services have special requirements for the premises. To install a gas boiler, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory work.

The installation of equipment is preceded by measures to adapt the premises in accordance with applicable requirements. They are detailed in the Technical Specifications issued by Oblgaz or Gorgaz. This is relevant for organizing heating on liquefied or natural gas. But usually, in the latter case, they neglect the issuance of an official permit, which can lead to a serious fine and a ban on the use operating system heat supply.

The document regulating the requirements for the premises for the installation of gas heating boilers is developed on the basis of the following regulations:

• SNiP 31-02-2001. Designed for control construction works and building design.
• SNiP 42-01-2002. Describes the rules for organizing gas distribution systems.
• SNiP II-35-76 in latest edition dated 2012. They guide the selection of boilers and similar gas equipment.
• SNiP 42-01-2002 and SP 41-104-2000. Needed to comply with standards when designing autonomous sources of heat supply.

It can take a long time to study these documents. In fact, about 20% of their content is devoted to the organization of domestic heat supply using gas boilers. To avoid wasting time, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with useful excerpts from regulations.

Requirements for the organization of the boiler room

If the boiler power does not exceed 200 kW, any built-in rooms of the house can be used as a boiler room. These include basement and basement rooms. For boilers up to 30 kW, the minimum room volume must be at least 7.5 m³. Accordingly, for equipment from 30 to 60 kW - 13.5 m³, more than 60 kW - from 15 m³. You also need to take into account other characteristics of the boiler room.

These include the following requirements:

• square air vent for gas boilers up to 30 kW - 0.02 m², from 30 to 200 kW - 0.025 m² ();
• the distance from the protruding parts of the equipment to the walls is regulated by the manufacturer;
• the presence of a transom or window to reduce the concentration of gas in case of leakage, providing a three-fold replacement of air in 1 hour;
• natural and artificial lighting premises, the ratio of window area to volume - 0.03 m² per 1 m³;
• if the boiler house is located on the first or ground floor- be sure to equip a separate passage, the door should open outward;
• ceiling height - not less than 2.5 m;
• on the walls, in the boiler installation area, is installed refractory material, the fire resistance limit of which is not less than 0.75 h.

Placement of heat supply components is free. The main requirement is that nearby objects should not interfere with repair or maintenance work.

Characteristics of the kitchen for the installation of a gas boiler

The power of most gas boilers rarely exceeds 30 kW. This makes it possible to install them in the kitchen of a house or apartment. This is also done by agreement of the controlling organizations. Many of the above rules apply for this case, but given the specifics of the premises, there are additional ones. for a boiler with an open combustion chamber, three air exchanges are provided within one hour;

the wall at the installation site of the equipment must be made of non-combustible materials, minimum distance from it to the boiler - 10 cm;

for wall models, the distance to the ceiling is from 15 cm, to the side wall - from 10 cm;

when installing boilers with an open combustion chamber, it is forbidden to install an exhaust hood.

In practice, preparing the kitchen will require much less effort. Thus, ventilation can be provided by installing a lattice or a gap of 0.02 m² in the lower part of the door.

These rules are not "ultimate truth". The main document for preparing the boiler room for the installation of gas equipment will be the Technical Conditions.

Have you decided to transfer the apartment to individual heating with a gas boiler? Do not rush to immediately buy equipment - there are many restrictions and it is far from always possible to install a gas boiler in an apartment. If you live in a house that does not provide for apartment heating, it is officially difficult to do this, and sometimes unrealistic. To install a gas boiler, a chimney is required, and which chimneys in panel houses? In general, not all apartment buildings require individual heating. And if this is not possible in yours, you can try to get permission only at the stage of house reconstruction, if a decision is made to turn off the building from central heating and transfer it to apartment heating. In this case, for the whole house are developed specifications transition and are issued to each homeowner.

You can find out whether it is possible to install a gas boiler in an apartment by submitting an application for installation at the Gorgaz branch serving your area (point one from the list below) and waiting for an answer (from a week to 1.5 months).

Sequencing

If you are lucky, and it is possible to install individual heating in the house, you will have to go through the chain of command. Here's what to do:

The whole procedure takes from 1.5 to 3.5 months. Because in order to heating season to enter without emergency work, start the procedure in the spring, in extreme cases, in the beginning of summer. In terms of money, everything, together with documents and equipment (an average-priced boiler + pipes + radiators + fittings) costs about $ 3,000.

Rules for installing gas equipment in an apartment

All the steps described above take place both in Russia and Ukraine. The difference can only be in the names of organizations and the cost of a particular service. Less fuss will be for those who enter new house not connected to central heating. There is no need to visit the heating network and disconnect from the risers, and permission to install a gas boiler in an apartment can be in the package of documents. Everything else is unchanged.

However, there are a few more rules. Firstly, having received documents in your hands, you cannot install a gas boiler yourself: only specially trained people should do this. In some cases, these may not be employees of the organization supplying gas, but representatives of the installation service licensed for this type of work. Then, at the end of the installation, the engineer of the district or city gas supply organization will check the correctness of the connection and issue a permit for the use of gas. Only after that the gas valve leading to the apartment can be connected.

The individual heating system must be checked before start-up. To do this, it starts at a pressure of at least 1.8 atm (you can control it on the boiler pressure gauge). If, it is desirable to give more pressure and drive the coolant through the pipes for at least a day. So you check the absence of leaks and the reliability of the connections.

Air must be bled from the equipment before start-up. Since the systems are made closed in apartments, you will have to use the Mayevsky taps located on the radiators. Air is bled in each radiator, going around them several times until there is no air left at all. After that, the system can be started: turn on the heating mode.

Don't forget that modern boilers controlled by automation, and it is demanding on voltage. Therefore, it is desirable to install an inverter (or). To protect the interior of the boiler from foreign matter at the gas inlet and cold water you need to install filters. Have an electrical outlet (and other gas appliance) must be at least 30 cm away from the boiler.

How to install

In addition to the procedure described above, it is also necessary to take into account the requirements for the room where the equipment is installed and the rules for installing the boiler itself.

Requirements for the premises

If we talk about installing a gas wall-mounted boiler, then the most the best place- kitchen. Its layout is such that it meets the standards for the placement of gas equipment. In addition, both gas and water have already been connected there, so most of the problems have been solved. Here are the specific requirements for the premises where domestic gas equipment is located:

boiler installation requirements

In the accompanying documents for the boiler, each manufacturer lists its requirements. They do not go against the norms, only sometimes they can be tougher (softer - no). If you want the manufacturer's warranty to be valid, you will have to install the boiler in full accordance with the recommendations.

Here is what is required when installing each boiler:

Chimney Requirements

When installing a gas boiler of any type, the chimney must not be made narrower than the outlet pipe. If the unit has an open combustion chamber, then with a power of up to 30 kW, the chimney cross section is at least 140 mm, with a capacity of 40 kW, the chimney must be 160 mm in diameter. Boilers with a closed combustion chamber are equipped with coaxial chimneys of the section recommended by the manufacturer of the technique.

Next, you should follow the rules: a pipe rises up from a wall-mounted gas boiler to a distance of at least 50 cm, then there may be a knee. There are no more than three bends along the entire length of the chimney. The combustion products of boilers with open combustion chambers are discharged into the existing chimney, with closed ones - either into the chimney or through the wall to the street (do as indicated in the project).

Gas boilers for heating an apartment - the basics of choice

By installation type gas boilers can be wall and floor. Both of them can be installed in apartments. More acceptable from an aesthetic point of view and in terms of ease of placement are wall options. They have dimensions comparable to the dimensions of mounted kitchen cabinets and fit well into the interior. With the installation of floor boilers is somewhat more complicated - not all of them can be placed close to the wall, although there are such options. It all depends on the location of the chimney pipe. If it comes out at the top, then the unit can be moved to the wall.

There are also single-circuit and dual circuit models. Single-circuit work only for heating. Double-circuit - both for heating and for heating water for hot water supply. If your water is heated by another device, a single-circuit boiler will suit you. If you are going to heat water with a gas boiler, you will have to choose another heating method: a flow coil or a boiler indirect heating. Both options have drawbacks. When using a coil (flowing water heating), not all boilers stably “keep” the set temperature. To maintain it, you need to set special modes works (differently called in different boilers, for example, "priority hot water" in n, or "comfort" in ). Boiler heating has a drawback: a certain amount of gas is spent to maintain a constant temperature of the water in the tank. Because the fuel consumption is higher. In addition, the supply of hot water is limited. And after it is used up, you have to wait until a new batch heats up. Which of the methods of heating water is more suitable for you, choose the one. With flow heating, be guided by the productivity of hot water per minute, and with boiler heating, by the volume of the tank.

Gas boilers differ in the type of burner used: they are single-position, two-position and modulated. The cheapest are single-position, but they are also the most uneconomical, as they are always turned on at 100% power. Two-position ones are a little more economical - they can work at 100% power and at 50%. The best ones are modulated. They have a lot of operating modes and therefore save fuel. Their performance is controlled by automation, which supplies exactly the amount of gas that is required at the moment to maintain the set temperature.

The burner is located in the combustion chamber. The chamber can be open or closed type. cameras open type oxygen for gas combustion is taken from the room, and combustion products are removed through an atmospheric chimney. Closed-type chambers are equipped with a coaxial chimney (a pipe in a pipe), and oxygen for combustion is taken from the street: combustion products are discharged along the central circuit coaxial chimney, and the air enters through the outside.

Floor gas boilers can be with an inflatable or atmospheric burner. In apartments, models with an atmospheric burner are allowed to be installed (when using an inflatable burner, a separate room is required). Most floor modifications use a closed combustion chamber and, accordingly, are equipped with a turbine and a coaxial chimney.

Boiler power determination

Having decided on the type of boiler, it is necessary to calculate its power. You can order a heat engineering calculation that will determine the heat loss of your premises. Based on this figure, you can accurately select the power of the boiler. But you can do without calculation: use the norms determined empirically. Usually, 1 kW of unit power is required per 10 m 2 of heated area, but then a “margin” is added to this power for various types of losses.

Consider an example. If the apartment is 56 m 2, you will need a 6 kW unit for heating. If you are going to heat water with it, you need to add another 50%. It turns out that 9 kW of power is required. Just in case, you need to add another 20-30% (in case of abnormal cold weather). Total - 12 kW. But this is for middle lane Russia. If you live further north, you need to increase the power of the boiler. How specific depends on how insulated your house is. If it is a panel or brick high-rise building, 50% or even more will not be superfluous. When choosing the power of the boiler, the main thing is to take it with a margin: if the performance is not enough, the equipment will work at its limit, and this is far from the best best mode which will lead to premature wear and failure. So we do not regret: the difference in the cost of equipment when changing capacities is not very large, but comfort will be guaranteed to you. There will be no excess gas consumption if you buy an automated boiler (namely, such models are the most economical) - the consumption depends on the heat loss in your premises and system parameters, and not on the boiler power. So from this side, the margin of productivity is not a hindrance.

Results

The procedure for obtaining permission to install a boiler and subsequent work is not easy and expensive. But the result is worth it: you feel much more comfortable by setting the temperature in the rooms that suits you exactly in this period of time. With all that, you need to pay for this pleasure less than for centralized heating.

Many of those who are going to equip their home or cottage with heating equipment are wondering if it is possible to install a gas boiler in the kitchen, or should only a special room be used for this purpose. It should immediately be said that the rules for installing heating boilers of this type allow their installation in kitchen area, but at the same time, certain requirements should be strictly adhered to in order to ensure the safe operation of such equipment in the kitchen.

Advantages and disadvantages of using gas-type boilers

The high popularity of gas heating equipment, which, subject to certain requirements for the premises, can also be installed in the kitchen, is due to a number of reasons. These include:

• long service life;
• high reliability of boilers of this type;
• the possibility of using for heating rooms characterized by a large area;
• sufficiently high efficiency;
• the ability to choose a model from a fairly large assortment in a certain design and with the required set of options;
• ease of operation, management and maintenance;
• availability and low price of the energy carrier used - gas;
• rather low cost of equipment.

Meanwhile, gas equipment also has disadvantages, which include the following parameters.

• Such equipment can only work if there is gas in the pipeline connected to it.
• It is possible to install such equipment in a private house or in a country house only if the appropriate permission has been obtained for this.
• If the gas pressure in the pipeline drops, then this leads not only to a decrease in the efficiency of the boiler, but also to the formation of a significant amount of soot during its operation.
• Sufficiently high complexity of installation of both the boiler itself and the chimney and ventilation system.

Varieties of gas heating equipment

Modern industry produces a fairly large variety of types of equipment for equipping a gas boiler or for installation in any other non-residential premises, which allows users of such devices to optimally select them in full accordance with their requirements and financial capabilities. So, depending on a number of parameters, boilers can be:

• single-circuit or double-circuit type;
• with a combustion chamber of a closed or open type;
• equipped various systems ignition;
• with a boiler for heating water of external or internal type;
• floor-mounted or wall-mounted.

In addition, of course, kitchen heaters differ in their power.

Differences between single and double-circuit gas boilers

Single-loop and double-circuit boilers for the kitchen differ not only in the number of contours in their design, but also functionality. So, single-circuit type equipment can only be used for heating, and a double-circuit gas boiler can also be used to heat water for domestic and household needs. Meanwhile, if you equip a single-circuit boiler with an external boiler, then it can also be used to heat water for the needs of hot water supply in the kitchen.

Gas boilers with closed and open combustion chambers

The air in boilers with an open combustion chamber comes directly from the kitchen, and the exhaust gases naturally escape through the chimney. Installing a boiler of this type in the kitchen is not the best option, since when it works in the kitchen, the amount of air decreases, which is especially critical if the volume of the room is small. Boilers with a closed combustion chamber operate on a slightly different principle, air is supplied to them from the street through a special coaxial-type chimney and the gases formed during the combustion process are discharged through it. The installation site of a boiler with a closed combustion chamber can even be small kitchens (6–8 m 2), where it is allowed to install them inside furniture cabinets kitchens.

Differences in gas boilers by type of ignition

On heaters, depending on the model, automatic and manual ignition systems can be installed. In devices of the first type, the burner automatically turns on at the moment when gas begins to flow into it, and when using the type with manual ignition, accordingly, you will have to carry out such a process yourself using matches or a lighter.

Gas boilers with external and built-in boilers

Naturally, it is much more convenient when a boiler is used along with a gas boiler, in which water is heated, designed to meet domestic and household needs. Such boilers for the kitchen, as mentioned above, can be external and built into the boiler itself. Devices with built-in boilers are compact in size, such options are easier to install, but the volume of the tank that is built into them is quite small. Almost any tank volume can be for boilers with an external boiler, but such devices, which should be taken into account when choosing them, take more space, and in order to perform their installation, it will be necessary to equip additional communications.

Rules for installing a gas boiler in the kitchen

In order to put the boiler in the kitchen and not experience problems with such equipment in terms of its operation and maintenance, you should strictly adhere to the requirements specified in SNiPs. These requirements for the installation of a gas boiler, which should also be followed when replacing an old appliance with a new one, stipulate a number of parameters, which include: the location of the equipment relative to plumbing fixtures, windows and hoods; the distance at which side walls devices should be located from the walls of the room; installation height of a wall-mounted gas boiler from the floor, etc.

According to the above parameters, the installation of a gas boiler in the kitchen is allowed if the kitchen is not used as a living room.

The most common today are two ways to install gas equipment in the kitchen:

1. Installing a gas appliance in a special box, which, in turn, is mounted in one of the furniture elements in the kitchen. Having decided to choose this option, it should be borne in mind that installing the boiler in the kitchen in this way, according to safety requirements, is not possible in all cases.
2. Installation of a boiler equipped with a decorative front panel. This is convenient, because modern market We offer a wide variety of gas boilers with different options decorative finishes, which makes it possible to optimally select the boiler for almost any interior.

Gas boiler built into the kitchen cabinet

Basic requirements for the installation of gas heating boilers in the kitchen

The layout and equipment of the kitchen, if it is planned to place a gas heating boiler in it, should immediately provide for the requirements for the installation of such equipment. Such requirements, in particular, determine the following parameters of the kitchen:

1. The presence of a door in the kitchen, which is necessary for its isolation from the living quarters of the house.
2. The presence of a window opening in the kitchen and its dimensions. The requirements for this parameter are the minimum.
3. Availability of supply and exhaust ventilation in the kitchen.
4. The presence in the equipped kitchen of electrical outlets and gas supply pipes and the distance from them to the installed heating boiler.
5. The presence of a smoke exhaust system in the kitchen.

Basic standards for placing a floor gas boiler

It should be borne in mind that the requirement regarding the presence of a door in the kitchen in which the gas boiler is installed is very important, since the room in which such equipment is operated must be isolated from the living rooms.

In addition, it is very important to leave a certain distance from the wall of the boiler itself to the wall of the room, since the air around such equipment must circulate freely, which is very important to ensure the safety of its use.

The presence in the kitchen, in which a gas boiler is installed, vents and ventilation systems

In the list of requirements relating to kitchen rooms in which a gas boiler is used, it is clearly stated that the windows that are installed in such rooms must, in without fail be equipped with vents. Thus, according to this requirement if the kitchen room has metal-plastic windows in which there are no vents, then this is a violation of safety standards. Meanwhile, in the overwhelming majority of cases, representatives of gas services pay no attention.

The need for a window in the windows of the kitchen room equipped with a gas boiler, as well as a convection hole in door leaf, is explained by the fact that the air in such a room must constantly circulate so that a high concentration of volatile substances dangerous to human life is not created in it.

In the event that the gas boiler will be mounted in the interior kitchen cabinet, then you should especially carefully ensure that such equipment is located in the path of air flow in the kitchen room. In addition, with this option for placing a gas boiler, it is necessary to provide for the presence of convection holes in the doors of the kitchen cabinet itself, in which the heating equipment will be located.

When operating a heating gas boiler of any type inside the kitchen, the air in such a room is burned in any case, which explains the requirements according to which a ventilation system must be installed in kitchens with gas heating equipment.

In addition to the very fact of the presence of such a system in a kitchen with a gas boiler, certain requirements are also imposed on the rules for its installation.

• The hood that will serve the gas boiler must not be connected to the kitchen exhaust duct, it must be installed in a separate duct.
• The diameter of the ventilation duct to which the gas boiler exhaust will be connected must be calculated taking into account the performance of the heating equipment.
• In the room in which the gas boiler and the exhaust ventilation system for its maintenance will be operated, a certain air exchange must be provided, the specific value of which is stipulated by the requirements of SNiPa 31-01 of 2003. According to the requirements of this normative document, when operating gas boilers with atmospheric burners double air exchange is taken into account, and when using equipment with a closed combustion chamber - single.

Video: requirements for natural ventilation when installing a gas boiler in the kitchen.

Recommendations for choosing a gas boiler for installation in the kitchen

Before studying the requirements for the installation of a gas boiler in the kitchen, you should decide on the choice of the equipment itself. So, the main parameters that you should pay attention to when choosing are:

• power;
• the number of circuits in the design;
• type of combustion chamber;
• type of instalation;
• type of heat exchanger used;
• the volume of the tank of the built-in or external boiler;
• brand under which the equipment is produced.

In addition, choosing heating boilers, one should take into account such parameters as the consumption of fuel and electricity, as well as the amount of water that such a device can heat per unit time.

Video: how to choose the right wall-mounted gas boiler.

According to existing standards, the installation of a gas boiler in an apartment apartment building, is possible. But, in order to obtain official permission, it is necessary to go through several stages of registration and approvals, to select a heat generator that meets the technical conditions for connection.

Is it possible to install a gas boiler in an apartment building

According to current SNiP and joint venture, installation of gas heating equipment in apartment building possible, provided there is sufficient area of ​​the room used for the boiler room, the compliance of the smoke exhaust system technical requirements. You can install equipment only in non-residential premises: kitchen, living room.

Before installing a heat generator, you will need to terminate the contract with the company supplying heat to the house. Unilaterally, the termination of the act is carried out through the court. Disconnect from central system heating, means the simultaneous termination of the supply of hot water.

During installation individual system heating, double-circuit gas heating boilers for an apartment are optimally suited. Boiler equipment double-circuit type, simultaneously works to heat the coolant and provide hot water.

Installation in an apartment with central heating

The laws regulating the possibility of installing gas heating equipment in an apartment with central heating are indicated in the Federal Law No. 190 dated August 27, 20010. Additional instructions and requirements are given in Federal Law No. 83 dated February 13, 2006 "Rules for determining and providing technical conditions for connecting a capital construction object to engineering and technical support networks."

To connect autonomous heating, you must contact the Gaznadzor organization to obtain technical conditions for reconstruction. Specifications are the actual permission to commission gas equipment. After that, the procedure for terminating the contract for central heating takes place.

The full procedure and step-by-step action plan for obtaining permission to install a boiler is indicated in the “Government Decree No. 549 of 21.08.2008. "On the procedure for the supply of gas to meet the domestic needs of citizens."

Is bottled gas allowed?

Gas boiler in an apartment for heating and water supply in high-rise buildings, it is allowed to connect exclusively to the central gas pipeline. Gas-cylinder installations are allowed to be used in the following cases:

• The building is no more than two stories high.
• There is no more than 1 gas cylinder in one room at the same time.
• Distance from gas stove not less than 0.5 m, heating devices, not less than 1 m. It is optimal to use a screen between the gas-cylinder installation and the heated surface household appliance heating.
• As a boiler room, only ventilated rooms are used. Connection to the boiler is carried out with a metal corrugated sleeve.

Based on the above standards, the use of cylinders with liquefied gas, although it is allowed in low-rise multi-apartment buildings, is impractical.

How to choose a double-circuit gas boiler in an apartment

A single-circuit gas-fired boiler is rarely installed in apartments with autonomous heating. There are several reasons for this. Single-circuit boilers, "sharpened" for heating, often have a large excess capacity. To provide hot water, you will have to additionally connect an indirect heating boiler, but the small dimensions of the apartment limit the installation possibilities.

Floor heat generators often have excess power, therefore, their installation is not economically justified. For all these reasons, a wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler for an apartment is the best and most expedient solution.

When choosing a boiler, attention is paid to several operating parameters:

1. Burner type.
2. Power.
3. Manufacturer brand.

Additionally, pay attention to the presence of modifications internal device and management. Double-circuit wall-mounted gas boilers for heating and hot water supply of an apartment, the latest generation, have weather-dependent control. To level the peak loads of domestic hot water, a built-in storage boiler is installed inside the case. Modulating burners smoothly change performance, depending on the needs of the room for heat.

Which boiler is better for an apartment - with a closed or open burner

The choice of a gas boiler for an apartment with individual heating is based more on existing requirements and building regulations than on the desire of the homeowners. There are models of boiler equipment with an open and closed combustion chamber:

• atmospheric or convection boilers- during operation, they burn out the air taken from the room. Not suitable for heating apartments in high-rise buildings. Installation in two-story apartment buildings is allowed, provided there is sufficient area of ​​the boiler room. Advantage, absolutely silent operation of the boiler.
• Boilers with a closed combustion chamber - this type includes turbocharged and condensing boilers. The intake of air and the removal of combustion products is carried out forcibly, using fans or a turbine. The closed combustion chamber has several significant advantages. To connect the boiler, a smoke exhaust system is required - a chimney.
  Boilers with a closed burner are connected through a coaxial pipe installed horizontally into the wall. Air intake is carried out directly from the street. Boilers of a closed type can be installed in houses of any number of storeys, subject to the availability of technical conditions.

For an apartment, a boiler with a closed combustion chamber is better. Condensing boilers, in addition to the heat obtained by burning gas, they additionally accumulate thermal energy obtained from targeted condensate formation. The efficiency varies between 98-109%. Turbocharged boilers are also economical and high efficiency up to 96%.

The disadvantage of boilers with a closed combustion chamber is the noise from the fans that accompanies their operation. Modern models equipped with a soundproof casing that reduces the intensity of noise.

How to calculate the power of an apartment boiler

To transfer the standard centralized heating of an apartment to heating from a gas boiler, you will need to correctly calculate the power of the heater. Lack of performance will lead to the need for constant operation of the boiler at maximum load. Excessive power will cause excessive gas consumption.

The minimum required boiler output for hot water and heating is calculated as follows:

• The total volume of the heated area is determined. Technical information about the apartment, is in the house book or passport for the apartment. You can calculate the area yourself by multiplying the length by the width of each room, including the corridors and the hallway, and then adding up all the results.
• Calculation for the heated area - for apartments with a ceiling height of 2.7 m, the formula 1 kW \u003d 10 m² is suitable. For standard two-room apartment for 50 m², according to calculations, a 5 kW heat generator will be required.
• The power reserve is calculated - for an apartment it will be enough to choose a boiler with a higher capacity: by 10-15% for single-circuit options, by 25-30% for double-circuit ones.

Top gas boilers for apartment heating

There is a kind of rating of manufacturers, compiled on the basis of several factors: consumer and market demand, popularity, reliability. According to statistics, the top places in the ranking are occupied by products of European and Russian manufacturers. The products of German concerns are especially popular with the Russian consumer.

A domestic buyer, when choosing a boiler, focuses on the following brands:

• Germany - Buderus, Viessmann, Vaillant, AEG.
• Italy - Baxi, Ferroli, Hydrosta, Ariston.
• Czech Republic - Protherm.
• Russia - Neva Lux, Oasis.
• Korea - Navien.

As practice shows, the Russian consumer, when choosing a suitable boiler for apartment heating, focuses on the price category. Thermal characteristics are of secondary importance.

Prices for apartment gas boilers

The cheapest cost, Russian boilers. You can buy a suitable mounted model for about 10-15 thousand rubles. The cost of installing a boiler in an apartment is also low and depends on the region. On average, it is necessary to focus on a price equal to 10-15% of the cost of the unit.

The cost of a German heat generator with two circuits starts from 25-30 thousand rubles. Condensing boilers will cost between 50-80 thousand rubles. Their setup and launch will require an additional amount of 5-10 thousand rubles to be spent.

Requirements for installing a gas heating boiler in an apartment

In many regions of Russia, install a gas boiler in an apartment and refuse central heating in an apartment building, a problematic and painstaking process. For registration, you will need specific knowledge and understanding of applicable laws. Unauthorized installation will result in a serious fine, which will cause a significant blow to the family budget.

Installation standards are described in detail in. Before starting the paperwork, you should study the step-by-step plan for obtaining technical specifications and completing approvals. So, you can reduce the cost of money and time by about a third.

What documents are needed for installation

It is possible to install a gas boiler in an apartment with existing central heating, but this will require strict step-by-step compliance with existing norms and laws:

• Obtaining technical conditions - an application is written to the Gaznadzor authorities for the installation of a gas boiler. If the technical conditions allow the installation and maintenance of the heat generator, a technical specification is issued, which is the actual consent of the control body for the installation of gas equipment. If it was not possible to obtain permission to install, all further steps are pointless.
• After receiving the specifications, a project for the installation and location of gas equipment is made. Any organization that has the appropriate license can execute project documentation. It is optimal that representatives of the gas company deal with all the documentation, so you can speed up the process of obtaining a project.
• Representatives of the company that maintains and checks the condition of the ventilation ducts and chimney are called. If the condition of the channels is normal and complies with the standards, the called specialist gives permission to put the boiler into operation. If there are violations and deviations from the norms, an act is drawn up with instructions on what needs to be corrected.
• With all the permits and documents collected, the consumer applies for approval of the project and installation of an individual gas boiler in a separate apartment in an apartment building. Within a period of 1-3 months, the specialists of Gorgaznadzor carry out the coordination of the installation. If all documents comply with the requirements, a final installation permit is issued.
• An application is submitted to the Teploset about the refusal of heat supply and hot water supply.

The order and rules of installation do not change and require strict observance.

Installation room requirements

The room used as a boiler room in the apartment high-rise building must comply with fire and sanitary requirements. The main rules that require strict observance:

• Installation of the boiler is allowed in non-residential premises, fenced with a doorway. Under the installation will not fit the bedroom, utility room, and in most cases,.
• It is better to install a gas boiler and a meter in the kitchen. Usually, a gas pipeline is introduced into the apartment there.
• The walls of the room and the ceiling are lined with non-combustible materials. Suitable for finishing ceramic tile, GVL slabs and plaster.
• The minimum dimensions of the boiler room for the installation of a boiler with a closed combustion chamber are at least 4 m². All important components of the boiler are left with free access for maintenance and repair.

Chimney for a gas boiler in an apartment building

Installation of gas heaters is allowed only if there is an appropriate smoke exhaust and ventilation system in the apartment. It is for this reason that the installation of a boiler with a closed combustion chamber, connected to a horizontal chimney, optimal solution. In some regions, there is no ban on the use of individual coaxial chimneys, which further facilitates the installation issue.

If a mass transition to autonomous heating is planned in an apartment building, the chimneys from the boilers are combined. A vertical coaxial pipe is installed, to which all heating devices are connected.

To ensure the operability of the boiler in the boiler room, supply and exhaust devices are installed, with throughput not less than three times the air exchange of the room per hour. Forced ventilation, must be separate, not connected to other ventilation ducts in the bathroom and toilet.

When installing gas heating equipment in a private house, a gas analyzer is not required and is installed at the request of the consumer. In an apartment, the installation of a gas sensor is a prerequisite for putting the boiler into operation.

Individual gas boiler - pros and cons

Installing a double-circuit gas boiler in an apartment building, when switching to independent heating, will require material costs, time and emotional strength. The process of phasing out district heating is described in detail on paper.

As practice shows, representatives of the heating network are extremely reluctant to issue permission to refuse heat supply and install their own heating system. Unwillingness to cooperate and all sorts of obstacles on the part of regulatory authorities, the main disadvantage of an individual gas boiler.

There are a few more negatives:

• Inability of apartments to install autonomous gas heating. We will have to go through several stages of approvals, financial investments will be required.
• The gas boiler must be grounded. As, you can not use the risers of the water supply or zero in the electrical network.

All the disadvantages, basically, come down to the difficulty of obtaining permits and approvals, as well as installation work and connections. Heating costs when installing a gas boiler are reduced by almost half. The costs of re-registration of documents are paid off already for the third heating season. At the same time, the consumer receives quality heat. Installing autonomous heating is fully justified and cost-effective.

After being held in private house gas supply the next task, as a rule, is the installation of gas equipment. Many apartment owners also refuse central heating and prefer an autonomous option to it, wanting to save money and turn on/off space heating when they see fit. But in order for such heating to be safe and efficient, it is necessary to comply with the requirements for installing a gas boiler.

In the organizations controlling gas supply, registration and coordination of required documents and on for leading the gas pipeline to the house, and for installing heating units.

One of the rather unpleasant procedures when installing a gas-fired heating boiler is the collection and execution of a voluminous package of documents. Many, faced with this process, soon rush to abandon this idea.

The basic requirements and norms can be found in the document "Gas distribution systems", included in SNiP 42-01-2002. In addition to it, it would be nice to study an already non-working document, but containing a large number of information that will also be useful is “Gas supply” SNiP 2.04.08-87. Additionally, you will have to familiarize yourself with the standards given in related documents that tell about boiler plants, ventilation systems, heating, sewerage, plumbing, safety during construction, sound insulation, fire safety, etc.

Boiler installation approval

You need to go through several instances to get approval for the installation of a gas-fired boiler. Independently, without approvals, the installation process will be illegal and unsafe, and not only for the owner of the home, but also for the rest of the residents of the house, if the boiler is installed in a high-rise building.

1. Technical conditions

For connection to the gas supply of a private house or apartment have to obtain technical conditions from the gas supply organization that allow this procedure. For this, an application is written to the controlling organization. It must indicate the approximate demand for the volume of gas per hour. The registration process takes seven - fourteen days. Upon successful completion of this event, a document will be issued - the technical conditions for the installation of gas-fired equipment. This is the permit for preparatory construction and installation work.

2. Project

Having the technical conditions in hand, you can proceed to the second step by step - development project documentation. The gas supply project includes schemes for laying a gas supply pipe from the boiler installation site to the central gas pipeline.

The project will also indicate sections of the gas pipeline crossing the section

If the dwelling is in the private sector, and the pipeline must cross land plot, then a diagram of the gas pipe is also drawn up in the area, where the place of its entry into the wall of the house is indicated. The project is developed by engineers licensed for such activities, based on the provisions of the GOS.

3. Coordination with the gas supply organization

The finished project is submitted for approval to the organization that controls the gas supply in the applicant's area of ​​residence. Project approval takes from seven to one hundred days - it depends on the volume and complexity of the document. The following materials regarding the heating device are attached to the project:

• examination of the compliance of the boiler with all the requirements that are necessary to ensure normal operation and safety;
• technical passport of the device;
• certificates of compliance with technical and sanitary requirements;
• operating instructions.

All documents specified in the list are drawn up by the manufacturer and must accompany any product of this type without fail. They are transferred by the seller to the buyer at at acquiring the device - you should pay special attention to this.

If the project was rejected for the first time, the applicant is issued a document that indicates the reasons for the rejection and a list with a detailed listing of all project problems that need to be corrected.

If the project is approved, it is certified by the signature and seal of the responsible person. This document is the final permission to install heater.

Installation Prohibitions

For safety reasons, gas-fired appliances must not be installed in the following rooms:

• in which there are no ventilation systems;
• in hostels (rooms);
• in bathrooms;
• in the corridors and on the balcony;
• in basements;
• on the ground floor;
• on combustible wall surfaces.

One important clarification on installation on the basement and basement: installation is only allowed in a private single-family house, i.e. if the house is not divided into several owners.

Unit installation requirements

When installing a gas boiler, the homeowner must strictly comply with a number of regulatory rules:

• the boiler is installed in such a way that it has a free approach from any side;
• the size of the entrance door to the boiler room where the device is installed cannot have a width of less than 80 centimeters;
• the area of ​​​​the boiler room or other room cannot be less than four square meters;
• the boiler room must have a window with an area of ​​at least 30 cm² per 10 m³ of volume - to ensure lighting in any situation;
• the ceiling in this room must have a height of at least two and a half meters;
• water must be supplied to the boiler room;
• the ground loop is mandatory if the operation of the boiler is connected with the consumption of electricity;
• the walls of the boiler room must be plastered;
• the chimney must have a section corresponding to the power of the unit.

Having considered the requirements, we can conclude that a kitchen can become a good enough room for installing a hinged boiler, if it is not possible to arrange a boiler room. There it can be placed next to the gas stove.

An additional advantage of installing a boiler in the kitchen is that it provides for all of the above requirements - this is ventilation, gas supply, proper area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, cold water supply. In addition, by installing a boiler there, you can save a lot on pipes and keep more than one wall intact.

Floor boilerhaving massive dimensions and power from 150 kW, must be installed in separate room- boiler room. At the same time, it should be taken into account that a device with a power of up to 60 kW can be installed in a room with a volume of at least 27 m³, which means that it can be installed in the kitchen.

But you need to be aware that floor-standing boilers are quite noisy, so if you plan to install the unit in an apartment, then it is better to choose a wall-mounted option.

If the boiler is hung or installed against a wall made of combustible material, it must be protected with a heat-resistant insulator, for example, a special drywall or asbestos sheet will do.

Boiler installation

Installation of any gas equipment is carried out by a gas master, its independent installation is strictly prohibited. The manufacturer attaches the boiler installation diagram to the documentation of the heater, and it will be useful to the installation master.

1. When installing the unit in the boiler room, the floors must be properly arranged. They must be made of non-combustible material and have a drain for water. It is necessary for the selection of the coolant from the heating circuit in case of an emergency.
2. Installation of gas equipment is not carried out when sub-zero temperature, it should be at least five degrees Celsius. But even if too high temperature it is not safe to install equipment, so it should not exceed 35 degrees.
3. A mark is made on the wall according to the level for the bracket, on which the boiler will then be hung.
4. If a double-circuit gas appliance is installed, then a strainer is placed on the return pipe. It is necessary to keep the heat exchanger clean for a long time. Ball valves are placed on both sides of the filter and on the boiler nozzles.
5. When connecting the boiler to the gas supply line, a gas meter, a special gas valve, a gas alarm and a thermal shut-off valve are installed in front of it.
6. The socket into which the boiler will be connected, if it is volatile, must be grounded.
7. When the boiler pipes are connected to the water supply and gas supply, the system must be filled with water. This is done slowly so that air does not stagnate in the future coolant - it will have the opportunity to leave the circuit along air outlet fixtures. For the period of filling the system, the boiler must be disconnected from the power supply.
8. Before starting the boiler, it is imperative to check the connections gas pipes for a gas leak. This is very simple to do - you need to knock down thick foam from any detergent and use a sponge to apply it to the connecting elements. If there is a leak, then a soap bubble will surely inflate, and if the pipe is tightly connected, the foam will gradually settle. Only after all these manipulations can the system be started by connecting it to the power supply.

Ventilation

It is very important to provide a room where it is installed gas apparatus, good ventilation.

supply and exhaust ventilation- a prerequisite for any boiler room

1. The kitchen in a multi-storey building is equipped with a common house ventilation system, so there will be no problems with it. When installing the device in a boiler room, the ventilation duct is arranged in the ceiling of the room and led out.
2. Supply ventilation can be arranged in the door by making a hole and installing a ventilation grill.
3. Special norms are defined for ventilation inlet openings. So, for one kW of power of the device, the lattice should have a size of at least 8-10 cm² (air intake from outside the house) and at least 30 square meters. cm (air intake from the inside - from other rooms).

Chimney

Particular attention - the correct organization of the chimney

Proper installation of the chimney is just as important as the ventilation system. The chimney can be made of a metal sandwich pipe that exits through the roof of the boiler room (or through the wall) and rises along the wall from the outside to the roof.

Or maybe coaxial, coming out through the wall and having small size. Each of them is set according to certain rules.

1. Combustion products should not get inside the room, which means that the chimney channel must be gas-tight.
2. The diameter of the chimney must not be less than the diameter of the pipe coming out of the boiler. The ratios for the power of the boiler have been established - the homeowner will definitely be acquainted with these figures when drawing up project documentation.
3. headroom metal pipe should rise above the roof not lower than its ridge - this will ensure the normal removal of gas combustion products and prevent reverse draft.
4. When the chimney is led through the wall, a hole is made for it, the pipe is connected to the boiler and taken out into the street. If gaps have formed in the hole between the wall and the chimney, they must be hermetically sealed. Such a coaxial type chimney is suitable for a boiler with a small or medium power, and is usually used for mounted models.

The head of a coaxial chimney in a wooden house

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Requirements for premises with gas equipment

Where to install a gas boiler

Boiler selection and installation standards

Before purchasing a boiler, you need to familiarize yourself with all the nuances of its installation and approval of permits and design and installation documentation. Only after knowing all these rules for gas attachments and floor boilers, it will be possible to determine exactly which one is suitable for a particular apartment or house.