Do-it-yourself installation of a caisson for a well. Metal caisson: device, applications and installation. Do-it-yourself well construction without a caisson: using an adapter

Autonomous water supply on a site remote from urban infrastructure, not a luxury, but a severe necessity. Is not it? Most often, a well is used as a source of water, which needs special arrangement - a caisson, which is required to protect the head from adverse effects and vandals.

For those wishing to arrange a caisson for a well with their own hands, we will tell you how best to make it and where to install it. Taking into account our recommendations, anyone can equip the mouth of a water source House master. Here you will find out what materials and tools will be required for this.

We will consider in detail the four options for the construction of structures, we will analyze the nuances of their installation. And the videos contained in the material will clearly demonstrate the installation process various kinds caisson.

A caisson is a container that is reliably protected from water penetration. Initially, they were used exclusively for underwater work, later other areas of application were found for them.

In particular, hermetic chambers began to be installed on the head of the well. The standard caisson has a very simple design. This is a container that closes with a hatch on top.

A caisson for a well is a sealed container that protects the head from impact low temperatures and groundwater penetration

Through it, a person descends into the chamber to carry out service and repair work. The input is located at the bottom of the device. casing pipe, in the side walls - inputs for cable and water pipes.

The lid, and in some cases the walls of the caisson, are insulated. Most often, foam or foamed polymer is used for this purpose. The chamber of classical design is made in the form of a cylinder with a height of about 2 m and a diameter of at least 1 m.

These dimensions were not chosen by chance. The height of the container is due to the need to protect the equipment installed inside it from the effects of low temperatures. The tie-in section of the water supply and the head of the well should be placed below the freezing level of the soil.

Most often, this is a depth of the order of 1-2 m. It is this value that determines the depth of the chamber bottom and, accordingly, its height.

The diameter of the container was also not chosen by chance. It should be enough to install necessary equipment and placing inside a person who will come down to carry out maintenance or repair of the well.

Option # 2 - a caisson of concrete rings

The device of a borehole caisson made of concrete and begins with the preparation of the pit. Its depth is calculated similarly monolithic construction. The height of the bottom of the structure depends on its type.

It can also be hermetic or be drainage layer. The choice of type is carried out taking into account the level of occurrence of groundwater.

Consider the option with a sealed bottom. We dig a pit of the required depth, level the bottom and lay it on it sand cushion about 10 cm high. We tamp it well.

Concrete rings must be processed before installation waterproofing material, for example, bituminous mastic. Otherwise, they will let water into the chamber and quickly collapse quickly enough.

Preparing the concrete floor for installation. We drill a hole in the slab under. Then, using special equipment, carefully lower the bottom down, passing the casing into the prepared hole. I put the slab on the sand cushion.

Getting ready for installation concrete rings. Each of them is carefully brushed waterproofing compound, for example, with bituminous mastic and let it dry.

We lower the rings into the pit, carefully processing each joint with a fastening compound. Some experts advise foaming the seams, explaining that the mortar will collapse when the earth moves, and the more plastic foam should remain unharmed.

We process the resulting seams with waterproofing. We lay the ceiling with a hatch on top.

Installation of concrete rings is carried out only with the use of special equipment. It is important to lay the elements so that they fit together as accurately as possible.

Caisson is ready. It remains only to fill the voids around the structure.

Option # 3 - a budget camera made of bricks

Its arrangement resembles the construction of a monolithic caisson of concrete. We start by digging a pit. It can be dug exactly under the future capacity or made a little larger.

The second option is preferable. It involves filling all the voids into which it can be poured rainwater, after the chamber walls are up and dry.

In the first case, the brick will be laid against the wall of the pit, but no one can give guarantees that there are no voids behind it.

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Regardless of whether the bottom of the caisson is sealed or not, for a brick chamber, strip foundation, whose width should be slightly more thickness future masonry. Along the perimeter of the structure, we dig a trench about half a meter deep, fill it with a layer of sand 10-15 cm high and ram it well.

The future foundation does not have to be concreted. Alternatively, you can fill the trench with brick fragments, large gravel and pour sand-cement mortar.

After the backfill grabs, you can start laying. We lay waterproofing on the foundation, it can be either roofing material or any other suitable material.

We start laying from the corner, fill the seams well with mortar. From time to time we control the quality of work with a plumb line and level. When the height of the masonry reaches the level of the cable entry and, between the bricks we insert the sleeves under the entrances.

A brick caisson can be made from used material. This solution can be considered very practical and economical.

We bring the masonry to the desired height. Let it dry, then plaster or process special solution for waterproofing.

We proceed to the arrangement of the bottom of the tank. If it should be airtight, we install an armored belt at a height of 4-5 cm from the bottom level. Then we pour concrete. Its height should be about 15 cm. If the bottom should not be airtight, we lay a layer of crushed stone and ram it well.

The overlap of a brick caisson may be different. Can be laid finished slab or do it yourself. In the second case, we put sections of channels, beams or boards on the upper walls of the chamber.

We fix at the right level ventilation duct, a hatch and a sleeve for a water pipe. Then we cover the resulting structure with tin or plastic film, if the crate is laid without gaps.

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To strengthen the structure at a height of 4-5 cm from its base, we expose a reinforcing mesh. We pour concrete and wait for it to dry. After that, we equip the neck of the chamber. Then we fill the container to the level of the soil and mount the hatch.

If there is a desire to reduce the cost of construction, top floor may not be filled with concrete. It can be covered with soil, having equipped a hill with a height of 0.3-0.4 m.

Option # 4 - sealed metal container

A metal caisson can be of any shape, it is most often determined by the material available. For a quadrangular chamber, you will need 3-5 mm rolled metal and a bar or reinforcement with a cross section of 10 mm.

A round container can be equipped from pieces of an industrial pipe with a diameter of 1250 mm for the body and about 600 mm for the neck.

When choosing the shape of the future container, we take into account that the fewer welds there are, the less chance of their destruction and, accordingly, the loss of sealing of the chamber.

The shape of a metal caisson is often determined by the owner's possession of the material. If there is an industrial pipe, it will be round; for quadrangular chambers, rolled metal is needed

We begin work with the calculation of the preparation of the pit. Digging a hole the right sizes and level the bottom.

We cut the casing pipe at a height of 40-50 cm from the bottom and temporarily close it with plastic or rags. Prepared metal parts we clean it from rust and put it on the boardwalk, which will prevent their possible contamination during work. We start by making the bottom.

We prepare the part of the desired shape and cut a hole in it into which the sleeve for the casing will be inserted. For its installation we use a double-sided welding seam.

If we make a quadrangular chamber, we cut it out of rolled metal side walls. We mark them and cut out holes for cable and pipeline entries. We connect the bottom and side walls.

Metal chambers must be carefully treated with a waterproofing agent. Used for outdoor work bituminous mastic, inside apply a primer, paint and anti-corrosion composition

Put the container lid back in place. Do not forget that all welding seams must be performed only on two sides. This will provide the necessary tightness for the caisson.

We weld the neck and the case for ventilation. We weld sleeves under the cable and pipeline to the walls of the chamber. We fix the loops from the bar or reinforcement, which will be needed to fix the slings. We attach the hatch or cover.

Getting Started waterproofing works. All welds, both external and internal, are thoroughly cleaned of slag.

After that, we process them several times protective composition. We proceed similarly with the entire structure. As a result, we should get a multilayer outer bituminous waterproofing. Inside we apply a primer, paint and anti-corrosion composition.

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It is possible to install a small metal caisson into the pit without the use of lifting equipment and devices such as a tripod

Tripod for immersing the caisson into the pit

If necessary, insulate the chamber. To do this, you can use extruded polystyrene foam or other insulation. It is important that it is not hygroscopic.

The metal caisson is ready, it can be lowered into the pit. Used to mount the structure crane equipped with soft straps. We install above the pit wooden blocks on which we put the container.

Then we remove the props, and very carefully and slowly lower the structure down, pushing it onto the casing pipe. The caisson that has risen to the bottom of the pit must be leveled.

We put pipes and cables into sleeves. Checking waterproofing. We re-process the areas where it was damaged during installation.

After the caisson is lowered to the bottom of the pit, its bottom should be leveled and the integrity of the waterproofing layer, which could be damaged during installation, should be checked

We weld the sleeve to the casing or foam it if the casing is made of plastic. We carry out work on sealing the input areas power cable and pipeline. After that, you can fall asleep the caisson.

If you do not want to build on a small suburban area underground chamber for the location of equipment in it, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the option. In the case of seasonal use of a water source, this is an excellent option.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Video #1 How to install a metal caisson:

Video #2 The process of manufacturing a monolithic concrete caisson:

Video #3 How to equip a brick caisson:

There are many ways to make a caisson for a well yourself. Which one to choose depends on the characteristics of the site, the qualifications of the home master and his financial capabilities.

In any case, if all the work is carried out correctly and efficiently, the resulting sealed chamber will reliably protect the wellhead from freezing and ingress of surface melt and flood waters. This guarantees an uninterrupted supply of clean water to the house.

Tell us about your own experience in arranging a caisson for a well on suburban area. Please write in the box below. Here you can comment on the information provided by us and ask questions.

Since this event is quite expensive, many homeowners seek to cut their costs by making caissons on their own.

What is a caisson and its varieties

The desire to use the drilled well all year round is quite understandable. However, the cold, characteristic of many Russian regions, are dangerous for downhole equipment, the water in which can freeze and break or spoil it. The solution to this problem is the installation of a caisson.

A caisson is a sealed container that contains downhole equipment and does not allow water to freeze, even if it is very cold outside. Moreover, the caisson protects the well equipment from flooding and groundwater.

The shape of the caissons can be different, and their dimensions should ensure the placement of the entire set of devices in it, as well as the possibility of working in them for a person descending for maintenance.

Caissons for a well are:

• plastic;
• brick;
• metal.

What is good metal caisson

Used for a long time, metal caissons are installed not only in wells, they are often placed in. Their demand is due to the following reasons:

• metal, providing the necessary rigidity of the structure, is a material that can be used for self-manufacturing given capacity, which is so utilitarian;
• a large mass, due to the large specific gravity of the metal, guarantees the caisson from surfacing;
• metal, with the necessary arrangements, is able to provide the required level of tightness.

• the high thermal conductivity of the metal often makes it necessary to insulate the product;
• the welds with which the caisson is assembled are often its most vulnerable point;
• the rapid rusting characteristic of metal requires an effective one;
• relative ease of manufacture is the reason for the presence on the market a large number handicraft products that are not of high quality;
• metal containers must be equipped efficient system ventilation.

Caissons may have different shape. They are made in the form of a cylinder, cube or parallelepiped.

Fabrication and installation of a metal caisson

The easiest to manufacture is the caisson cylindrical shape. To make any caisson, you only need a welding machine and metal 4-5mm thick. When making a container, it should be remembered that the number and length of welds should be minimal.

Schematically, the manufacturing process can be described as follows:

• in the usual way, a container of the required volume and the selected shape is made;
• a hole is made in the bottom of the tank for the supply of a casing pipe;
• a sleeve is welded to the hole made, the dimensions of which make it easy to put it on the edge of the casing pipe;
• nipples are welded into the walls, providing the supply of an electric cable and a water pipe;
• a closing hatch must be installed on top of the structure;
• for ease of use, a ladder can be mounted inside;
• the inner surface should be primed;
• the outer surface can be coated with bituminous paint to protect it from corrosion.

One of the design options for the caisson is shown in the following illustration:

Now we will schematically outline the installation procedure for the fabricated structure:

• put the caisson on strong boards over a pre-dug pit;
• remove the props and carefully start lowering so that the sleeve is put on the top of the casing;
• level the caisson;
• insert pipes and electric cable through the nipples;
• install equipment.

It is advisable to insulate the upper part of the device, and put not one hatch, but two, at the entrance of the caisson.

The cost of borehole metal caissons

The cost of metal caissons depends on the size of the device, the shape and thickness of the steel used in it. The cheapest are the easiest to manufacture cylindrical caissons made of 3mm steel. Cubic and parallelepipedic products are more expensive. Prices for caissons start from 20 thousand rubles.

Thus, any home master who has the skills to work with welding machine, able to manufacture and install a metal caisson. We hope that our article will be useful for them.

Any comments? Write us!

The installation process of the caisson can be seen here:

During the construction of cottages and country houses each owner faces the problem of conducting communication systems. This applies not only to gas supply, but also to water supply. They are used for installation various systems and equipment. Today we will talk about such details as caissons for wells and consider step by step how to properly install them.

What it is?

The caisson is a special chamber that is designed to equip the wellhead at a level below the surface of the earth. Similar elements are placed on water intake development in order to achieve the most convenient access, as well as for the further installation of special equipment designed for water supply at home / cottage.

Peculiarities

Initially, caissons were intended for holding various works under water. They were a closed chamber into which water did not penetrate. The shape of such objects, as a rule, was round or square. Currently main feature the caisson, which consists in its water resistance, remained unchanged. However, today the range of its application has become wider. So, for example, caissons are rightfully recognized useful elements autonomous water supply.

If you want to use water from your own well all year round, you cannot do without a high-quality caisson (or a special borehole adapter). It is possible to install it yourself, although this is not as easy as it might seem.

As a rule, homeowners turn to specialists for this. However, if you decide to do everything yourself, then it is extremely important for you to follow the instructions and not neglect any of the installation steps.

Caissons are sealed, which protects the head of the well from groundwater. This feature plays important role, because it protects households from the flow of liquid from the neighboring sewer when the tap is turned on. This is due to the fact that the end of the well casing does not cross the ground surface, but is located at a depth of approximately 2 m. It is in this place that the groundwater is located.

A similar depth of the well head is due to the freezing of the soil (its depth is approximately 2 m). Of course, in this matter a lot depends on the area in which the house is located. In addition, an appropriate head depth is also necessary in order to winter time water came out of the taps without freezing. The equipment itself with this design is also reliably protected from destructive freezing.

Outwardly, the caisson looks like an ordinary iron barrel or a box with a neck. Meanwhile, the neck of such elements is closed with a special manhole cover, supplemented with warm foam sheets.

Round-shaped caissons are common in our time. Such products have a diameter of 1 m and a height of 2 m. The dimensions of these items are explained by the fact that the well is located at a depth of 2 m, and in order to have access to it, the hatch of the caisson is brought to the surface of the earth.

Today, caissons are made from different materials, however, the options made from iron are rightfully recognized as the most common and reliable. Such units are not afraid of mechanical damage or temperature changes, however, they are susceptible to corrosion, therefore, they require high-quality protective treatment. In addition to iron, there are also brick, concrete and plastic models of caissons. Each of them has its own distinctive features.

Device

The device of the caisson is quite simple. This element is a sealed container made from one of suitable materials. In the lower part of this unit there is an entrance for the well casing, and on the side of the caisson, as a rule, there are inlets intended for water supply pipelines.

In the upper part of such items there is a special hatch, which is necessary to provide access to repair work and maintenance of equipment present in the interior of the tank.

In the changing and harsh Russian climate, high-quality caissons, supplemented with insulating materials, are especially relevant. It can be not only the aforementioned foam, but also a foamed polymer.

The usual design of the caisson is a cylinder, which has a cross section of 1 m and a height of 2 m. The last parameter is due to the fact that it is optimal for protection internal filling caisson from exposure to low temperatures.

As for the head of the well, it, like the entrance for the pipeline, should be located at a level below the freezing of the soil. As mentioned above, it is on this parameter that, first of all, the suitable depth of the bottom of the unit depends. The diameter of the caisson should be such that all the required components fit seamlessly into its inner part and there is still additional space for implementation certain works provided by the regulation.

Inside the chamber are the following components:

• pump and its automation;
• stop valves;
• expansion tank;
• filter;
• pressure gauges.

materials

Caissons are made from different materials. Different instances have different performance characteristics and features. Let's consider them in detail.

Metal

Units made of metal are especially popular with consumers. In fact, such a device is a large metal box with welded bushings for the passage of communications. As a rule, the caisson is made from sheet material- his optimum thickness should be 3-4 mm. Experts recommend giving preference to reliable and durable units made of of stainless steel. If you do not want to buy a steel caisson, then you can purchase an aluminum structure.

Metal caisson units are famous for their reliability, strength and durability.- these characteristics explain the demand for such models. In addition, both experts and home craftsmen claim that such caissons are installed quickly and easily enough.

You can make such a unit with your own hands, but for this you need to have the right tools, as well as have certain skills. If you are not sure of your capabilities, it is better to contact experienced professionals.

Although the welds in most cases differ good quality and are reliable, when the metal is deformed, they may undergo cracking. For this reason, even those caissons that are made of high-quality stainless steel must be additionally waterproofed. There are devices made of black metal. It is also very important to waterproof them well. However, it should be borne in mind that even if the insulation was fixed as tightly as possible and does not allow moisture to pass through, it cannot be regarded as a full-fledged waterproofing protection of the unit.

The quality and service life of the caisson largely depend on the thickness of the metal from which it is made. So, inexpensive devices with thin walls can only be installed on dry soil. As for the more complex heaving soil, then a model with walls having a minimum thickness of 5-7 mm is suitable for it. Otherwise, the caisson may be crushed.

If you decide to install a steel caisson, then you should consider that it has an impressive weight, so it will be problematic to install it alone. It is recommended to hire a crane for this.

Brick

According to experts, a brick caisson is one of the most successful and practical options. Most often, home craftsmen turn to such a design, who alone design these units with their own hands. Of course, in construction this apparatus is also quite complicated, but its durability will pay off all the money and energy costs of the home master.

For a brick structure, a foundation must be poured. It is recommended to prepare the tape base, as it will suit the most. The future foundation does not have to be poured with concrete at all - you can fill the dug trenches with brick fragments, gravel or sand cement composition.

Plastic

No less popular today are caissons made of plastic. According to many people, such units are not the most reliable and durable. However, this does not apply to sewers and plumbing installations present in today's market.

Currently, caissons are made of plastic of the following varieties:

• polyethylene;
• fiberglass;
• polypropylene.

Plastic caissons are popular because they have many positive qualities, among which:

• Models made of plastic do not require complex and regular repairs. In service, they are also malleable.
• Plastic caissons are different long term service (an average of 50 years), despite the apparent ease.
• Such units are distinguished by good indicators of thermal insulation. They are not afraid of temperature changes. In the conditions of a cold region, it is enough to supplement such models with only an insulating shelf.
• These devices are inexpensive. The price of plastic itself is not high, therefore, products made from this material are affordable for most consumers.
• During the entire service life, plastic caissons do not lose their quality characteristics. Moreover, this factor is not affected by either significant loads on the system or harsh environmental conditions.

• Characteristic for these units and increased tightness. During the installation of such caissons, there is no need for coating and fixing waterproofing materials.
• Plastic structures are lightweight, which makes them lighter and more flexible in terms of installation.
• These designs have a body without seams, which makes them more reliable and durable.

The main disadvantage of plastic caissons is their susceptibility to deformation. Such defects may appear if the container is located on land with a high groundwater table.

To protect the plastic unit from damage, it is recommended to supplement it with concrete. To do this, a concrete ring is arranged around the tank, having a thickness of 10-15 cm.

From concrete rings

Not so long ago, the most popular were caissons made of concrete rings. Such designs are made quickly and simply, and as a result they are reliable and durable, as evidenced by the reviews of homeowners. Caissons made of concrete rings are also good because they are assembled at a specific place from typical materials, so a home master can handle them. Options from concrete rings are not afraid of heaving soil. Of course, much depends on the correctness installation work. In case you make mistakes when designing such a caisson, over time, the soil can move the concrete parts.

It is also worth taking into account the fact that such constructions require high-quality waterproofing., since the concrete itself passes capillary moisture through itself. In addition, structures of an impressive mass can shrink over time.

Dimensions

Currently, metal and plastic structures are considered the most popular, since they have good performance characteristics.

So, demanded metal containers are produced with the following parameters:

• 1200x1200x2000 mm, while the wall thickness of such products is 3-10 mm;
• 2000x1000 mm with walls having a thickness of 3 to 8 mm;
• 4000x1500x2400 mm with a metal thickness of 3-10 m.

Plastic caissons for wells have other dimensional parameters:

• 950x2000 mm - the wall thickness of such models is 10 mm;
• 1240x2100 mm / 1500x2500 m with 25 mm walls;
• 2000x2500 mm - the wall thickness of such options is 40 mm.

Choice well structure suitable dimensions depends on the distance of the water intake from the house, as well as the availability free space on the existing area. Today, models of caissons called "Triton-K" and "Triton K-1" are in great demand. Such products are produced in mini format and are made of low-pressure polyethylene.

Installation

Self-assembly caisson cannot be named simple process- Not everyone can handle it. However, this does not mean that it is impossible to do such work with your own hands. Below we will consider step by step how to install various caissons for a well yourself. The procedure for installing caissons from different materials is approximately the same. However, it is very important to take into account some features and nuances in order for the installation of the container to be successful.

The pit for this container must be larger than the caisson itself, by at least 30 cm. Thanks to this, the unit will be able to put more accurately. In this case, it will be possible to correct the coincidence of the well pipe and the sleeve for its passage. In addition, in this way you can additionally insulate the walls of the apparatus or make them stronger, which is necessary for plastic containers.

Please also note that the casing pipe must be cut taking into account the subsequent level of the height of the chamber floor. The bottom of the pit should be covered with a sand cushion (the thickness of this layer should be at least 20 and not more than 30 cm).

Sand backfill should be built under water for additional compaction. On a pillow of sand must be poured concrete slab with steel reinforcement. It is permissible to pre-install in it anchor bolts to securely fasten the caisson with their help. However, in this situation, the probability of errors is high. It is better to first install the container in the right place, and then drill holes for fasteners on the plate.

Currently, self-expanding and wedge types of fasteners can be found in stores, so you can easily purchase suitable options. Next, let's take a closer look at how to install popular variations of caissons, taking into account their features.

From concrete rings

The installation of such a design is in many ways similar to the technology for installing well rings, only in this case there is a smaller depth. Concrete rings are fastened to each other with special steel plates. Similar details required in the event of a ground shift. As for the seams remaining between the individual rings, they are covered with a cement composition or iron (that is, they are coated with a special cement mixture without sand and other additives).

Concrete will pass water, albeit not too much. For this reason, it is extremely important to deal with the waterproofing of the walls of the structure in time. To do this, you can use materials such as roofing material or polymer film. But experts recommend turning to reinforced hydroisol or glass isol.

Concrete easily tolerates low temperatures and is not subject to freezing, however, its standard properties are not enough, so the structure will need additional insulation. In this situation, it is important to consider that the insulating material should not absorb water. Otherwise, it will be completely useless. Also, the insulating layer must resist the pressure of the soil, since too soft raw materials can be strongly compressed by them.

Experienced craftsmen recommend insulating caissons with denser and slab materials. For example, it can be foam glass, but it is very expensive, so it is rarely chosen. If you would like to purchase more affordable option, then you should take a closer look at extruded polystyrene foam. The cheapest insulation for a concrete caisson will be foam. It is malleable in work, and combustibility will not affect its qualities in any way while it is in the ground.

It is necessary to insulate not only the walls of the concrete caisson, but also its floors. Do not be afraid of this work - it is easier to carry it out. You just need to remember that the insulating material should not go beyond the perimeter of the container. Otherwise, it may break during shrinkage due to the weight of the structure.

Some people argue that concrete caissons do not need a bottom (that is, the rings should be placed immediately on a sand pad and gravel drainage). Thus, in case of accumulation of condensate, it will pass into the ground. It is also possible not to cover the seam between the lower ring and the concrete base with a cement mixture - this way the condensate can escape.

However, it should be taken into account that such technology may not be used in all cases. Such a scheme will work only if the site has dry and high soil. In other situations, a 2 m deepening will cause the caisson to flood annually.

The problem with condensate can be solved by installing high-quality insulation. Some masters act more cunningly - they install ventilation in the structure like a cellar.

There must be a concrete base under the rings. In addition, the intersection of pipes through the walls of the structure must be insulated, as well as the inputs through the foundation of the dwelling - with a cement mixture, as well as with bituminous mastic.

Good afternoon.
I will describe my ordeals on the construction of the caisson, such reports are very useful for self-builders.
Key words: Siberia, Irkutsk, -45, freezing 3 meters, no money, it is necessary to do. Task: to make a non-freezing caisson, it will have a well head and a hydraulic accumulator with automatic equipment. I don’t bother with waterproofing, the site is on the mountain, clay, there seems to be no water. Cesspool 4 m deep stood dry for a whole year, no water, not in spring, not in autumn,
They drilled a well for me 60 meters. She stood for almost 5 months without launching her into work, there was no time for everything.
Somehow I marked out 1.4x1.4 m. I started digging.



Copal almost 8 days. Digging alone. I had to make a mini-crane, 2 blocks. The tactics are as follows: we have 6 iron buckets, different from 10 to 20 liters (which were), lower all 6 into the pit, go down there, rake in, climb out, catch buckets with a hook, like a fishing rod, pull out, pour out. I dug 8 cubes.


Why chose a brick, because it was free. Parents dismantled the stove, they gave it to me, I cleaned it and put it into action. True, 80-90 pieces were not enough, I had to buy in addition for 15 rubles. little thing. He began to lay out a brick, spread a layer of roofing material and popped right on it. Only 22, as far as I remember, rows. It took me a week, maybe two. I used sand for the solution (which I dug out of the pit, there were pieces with good sand, I put it separately in a pile, it came in handy. peephole to make it thinner, it’s more convenient.Laid one row, sawed off the pipe and pulled it out.The first time I opened the well, it was scary that it had already dried up, threw a pebble, it flew for a long time, beat against the walls and finally flopped, the sound of a plop was heard I also note that the well itself is not level, but rather strongly deviated to the side, I think that at a depth of 55 meters the deviation from the vertical is 5 meters, or even more, i.e. the pump lies rather just on the wall, but he doesn’t care, he’s centrifugal.He lowered the pump with a pipe, about this in another story, if there is interest.



We continue laying to the end, we lay a masonry grid every 6 rows, it is sold in half a brick size, every 5 rows we mount a step from the reinforcement. We approached the overlap, the overlap from the ground level turned out to be 1.7 meters. We make props, here how fantasy will play out. The seats inside are only 1x1m, very crowded, but in different ways, it was mounted like a snake. I laid the ceiling from a 40-vka board, covered it with cellophane, and reinforced it. I put one layer of reinforcement, because. the load goes from top to bottom, reinforcement works only in the lower layer, it makes no sense to reinforce the top of the slab. Reinforcement 8mm (left from the foundation). We fill it with concrete, the jetton interfered with a concrete mixer, used crushed stone with a fraction of 5-20 mm and sand, for mixing: 2 buckets of 10 liters. crushed stone, 1 bucket of sand, and an incomplete bucket of cement, 7-8 liters, less than a bucket of water. First we throw rubble, then cement, twist for a couple of minutes, then throw sand, also twist for a couple of minutes, when everything is mixed, add water, in parts, so as not to overdo it, all by eye. After pouring, he was like poking a deep vibrator (I bought it a long time ago, I used it for the first time, although it is not needed here, the volume is small). The plate turned out to be only 15 cm thick. He tapped with a plank, flat. The moisture came out and the top of the slab flattened out. Maleho podzater. It worked out more or less.



Further, because the brick ran out, and it was expensive, I decided to fill the neck with a monolith, I had it in stock flat slate, exposed formwork from it. I put the slate in the corner on the bolts and on the iron corner 35mm. The steps are made of 12mm rebar, painted with nitro enamel.



The neck is obtained inside 0.7x0.7 meters, enough to comfortably climb. Until I filled it up.
So far, the budget of the entire event:
3 bags of cement x260r. = 780r.
16 masonry nets of 1.5m x20r = 320r.
90 bricks x15r = 1350r.
crushed stone and sand, bought at the factory for 300 rubles per ton. Bring on your passenger car in sacks for 2 trips in total 700-800 kg - 300 rubles.
Bolts, screws - 100 rubles.
the remaining 300-odd bricks, 4 corners, fittings on the steps - free of charge.
I work in the evenings or on weekends, so everything is moving so slowly, it happens that I don’t appear at the construction site for a whole week. I do everything in one.

To be continued.

Once a water source has been developed, it should be properly equipped. The main task for regions with a continental climate is to protect the well from winter frosts and spring floods, so we decided to tell you how to make a caisson for a well, as it solves this problem perfectly.

Caisson

Purpose

First and most important purpose caisson is protection inner space from ground and flood waters, as well as from atmospheric precipitation. The second purpose is to protect the head from freezing in winter.

We all know from the course of physics that water freezes at zero degrees Celsius, and after freezing it cannot flow through pipes. Moreover, during crystallization, water expands and breaks any container it is in, so an uninsulated well can be destroyed by frost.

To protect the structure and equipment from the effects of low temperatures, it is necessary to insulate that part of it that is above the freezing level of the soil. He does a great job with this role. small room, equipped around the wellhead and insulated with good thermal insulation material.

In addition to frost, there is another danger: the penetration of sedimentary, flood or groundwater into the aquifer. Most often this occurs due to loose plugging of the annulus of the well, or its absence, because water easily penetrates into the gap between the casing and the wall of the mine shaft. It then flows down outside casing down, contaminating the aquifer with riding mud.

Here, again, the construction of a room around and above the head of the well can help, which can contain the pressure of floods and rains, as well as prevent flooding of the mouth of the object.

Important!
It is quite possible to make a caisson structure with your own hands, because it does not require too much responsibility and accuracy, and also does not have complex design, so in case of mistakes, nothing terrible will happen.

Design and varieties

The design of the caisson structure is not regulated and can have almost any shape. The dimensions of the room are chosen so that the equipment of the caisson for the well fits into it, and at least one person can fit in to repair and maintain the facility.

At high level groundwater, the walls of the caisson structure must be additionally waterproofed to protect against pressure water, and all joints must be carefully sealed and sealed. If the water level in the soil is not high, it is enough to protect the structure from capillary moisture and make a tight roof with a sealed hatch.

Important!
As a rule, the structure is lowered below the freezing level of the soil by 50 - 200 cm in order to provide a reserve in case of emergency low frosts.
Also, just below the freezing height will be located water pipes, and it is more convenient to connect them at a certain height above the floor.

None additional requirements the caisson does not extend to the structure, so it can be made from a variety of materials using various construction technologies.

There are such main varieties:

1. Caisson for a well made of metal. Metal caissons for wells are made by electric arc welding of a cylindrical or rectangular room around the head of the casing pipe. The most applicable are cylindrical structures made of steel pipe. large diameter and steel sheets for forming the bottom and roof: they are durable, strong, reliable, but they are afraid of corrosion and do not retain heat well;
2. brick room. Excellent, reliable and warm option, however, the price of a brick and its laying makes this method not the most popular among well owners;
3. Caisson for a well from concrete rings. One of the most reliable and durable structures, however, the presence of joints between the rings somewhat reduces the tightness of the structure, and the weight of concrete rings requires lifting equipment and inflates the cost of loading and transporting concrete products;
4. monolithic concrete structure. The most acceptable variety in terms of price / reliability ratio, since it has no joints and is connected by a reinforcing cage, and the manufacture does not require the work of specialists or purchase finished products;
5. plastic container. Most suitable option for areas with high groundwater, as it is completely sealed and not subject to corrosion. The disadvantage is low strength and good thermal conductivity.

Production of a monolithic caisson

If you are ready to work on your own, our instructions for assembling a concrete caisson will help you:

1. First of all, we dig a hole in size future design and cover it with construction polyethylene. If it is planned to place equipment inside, then minimum dimensions- 1.5x1.5x2.4 m. We make the depth taking into account the addition of gravel 20 cm high, the floor level should be two meters below the freezing level;

1. We compact the backfill and begin to build a reinforcing cage for the walls. We use rods with a diameter of 12 mm, the width of the grid is 30x30 cm, the distance to the walls of the pit is at least 70 mm. We knit the rods with steel wire or weld them;

1. We build formwork from old boards and plywood sheets at a distance of 50 mm from the reinforcement cage of the walls. We cover the shields plastic wrap from the inside and knock it down in the form of a cube without a bottom and a roof, at the entry points of communications we insert sleeves made of plastic or metal. It is better to make the entire formwork at once in order to fill the structure in one go;

1. We pour concrete grade M400 or higher into the formwork, it is better to add hydrophobic additives. For compaction, we use a vibration tool, level the upper edge of the walls (it is easier to do at the formwork construction stage);

1. We are waiting for the concrete to harden, then we dismantle the formwork and proceed to the construction of the roof. To do this, at the level of the upper edge of the walls of our structure, we make a flooring of durable boards (thickness - 50 mm), which we rely on bars with a section of 150x150 mm or steel pipes. We cover the flooring with a double layer of polyethylene and leave it as the outer formwork of the pit wall, insert a box for the hatch in the center of the roof;

1. We lay the reinforcing mesh, which we connect with the frame of the walls, and fill the slab. We insert sleeves for the output of ventilation and a watering tap. After the concrete has hardened, we dismantle the formwork, the box and the flooring from the boards, and cover the hole for the hatch with bricks to a height of 3 rows;

1. We carefully waterproof the aboveground part of the building with mastic or a penetrating compound, and around the concrete box we make a small insulated blind area. But we recommend deepening the roof underground, and insulating the walls and ceiling from the inside with a five-centimeter layer of polystyrene foam. Next, we install a sealed hatch and a pipe for ventilation, which we cover with a lid;

1. We seal the pipe entry points with mortar and mounting foam.