Pitched roof of an industrial building. Roof classification: construction, types, forms, elements. Roll roofing of industrial buildings

Industrial roofing is a special kind of facility for roofing companies. On the one hand, everyone understands that the roof of an industrial building does not have to be beautiful and attractive, which means that cheaper and more practical materials can be used here. And on the other hand to the roof for the building industrial use a number of strict requirements are applied that do not allow to significantly simplify the design roofing cake and reduce the cost of the final cost of roofing.

The roofs of industrial buildings must provide:

optimal microclimate for working people in accordance with regulatory requirements;
the level of temperature and humidity that is safe for the operation of existing equipment and the implementation of production processes, as well as the safety of materials, raw materials, and finished products;
safety of people and equipment located on the operated flat roof public buildings;
protection of internal premises from the influence of various natural and weather factors.

TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL ROOFING:

erection, and overhaul roofing industrial buildings - one of the areas of work of the SpetsMetallStroy company. We have solid experience in this area, we have repaired and built a solid number of roofs production shops, storage facilities, roofs of boiler houses, as well as roofs for administrative and public buildings in Moscow and the Moscow region.

For the roofing of buildings and structures for industrial use, we offer the following solutions, which have justified themselves with an optimal price-quality ratio:

PROFING AND METAL TILE:

For pitched roofs, almost the entire spectrum is used modern materials based on metal sheets polymer coated, such as metal tile or corrugated board. They have the following advantages:
- coating with polymers makes these materials resistant to corrosion;
- high aesthetic qualities;
- light weight, which does not put a load on the support system;
- resistance to temperature extremes, the effects of other weather factors;
- solid service life (from 20 years), which is a good indicator for roofing material.
WATERPROOFING ROOF:

Membrane roof Fatrol - how it was and how it became

Roofing membrane film materials Fatrafol from a well-known Czech manufacturer allow you to create a cheap non-leaking roof or significantly extend the life of an existing roof. A rugged modified PVC backing guarantees maximum durability and installation flexibility. Sheets of the required length are unwound from rolls, and fastening between them is carried out by heating building hair dryer with a concentrator.

The following advantages of this series of materials can be distinguished:

Chemical inertness to aggressive precipitation and immunity to all natural factors.
High speed application to the roof surface.
Wide range of colors within the international RAL palette.
Extreme durability, allowing at times to extend the life of the main roofing material.
Possibility to use as an independent inexpensive roofing material of low weight for gazebos, sheds, stops, etc.

Two types of mounting

All Fatrafol materials are mounted by gluing to the surface or by means of clamping elements around the perimeter. There is a weighted roofing film available for use on green roofs that will be especially beneficial for new builds and penthouse owners. Read more

SOFT ROOF:
Industrial Roof: Guided Roof

For flat roofs of public and industrial buildings, bituminous soft roofing materials are recommended and most often used - guided roof Techno Nicole, or mastic coatings, which have the following advantages:
- 100% tightness and leakage protection;
- solid service life (modern soft tiles has a service life of 25-30 years, some varieties even up to 50 years);
- good sound insulation performance;
- light weight;
- resistance to corrosion, decay;
- health safety, neutral chemical composition without emission harmful substances in atmosphere;
- elasticity, ease of processing and easy installation process;
- resistance to temperature changes.
SEAM ROOFING:

For pitched roofs, it is also possible to use seam metal sheets made of galvanized steel, aluminum or roofing copper as a finishing coating. Our company offers you seam roofing from the leading domestic manufacturer of roofing materials - the GrandLine plant. To date, roofing metal sheets made of galvanized steel with a polymer coating and a double standing seam can be considered the best solution for industrial roofing of public, administrative and other types of buildings. Modern seam roofing is a whole list of advantages:
- high tightness;
- small specific gravity;
- quick and easy installation;
- simplicity and ease of repair;
- the ability to install on complex forms of roofs;
- solid service life.

Industrial roofing: price

"SpetsMetallStroy" is a company that has been professionally engaged in roofing work for a long time. Construction and overhaul of industrial roofs of any complexity is one of the leading areas of our activity. You need a reliable, beautiful and at the same time adequate cost roofing - then you are welcome to us!

The specialists of our company have extensive experience in working with all types of roofing for industrial roofing, they are proficient in the design and installation of roofs for industrial buildings and structures. They will provide you with a full range of services in this area: from design, calculation and costing for work to maintenance and repair.

You can also purchase roofing materials from us, we will offer favorable prices for the entire range of coatings and accessories for them. We are official dealers the GrandLine plant, which produces metal tiles, corrugated board and components for seam roofing. You always have the opportunity to take part in promotions or get a discount on a large order. Building with us is convenient, profitable and safe!

Roof technology

The main purpose of the roof- to protect the building from above from atmospheric influences (rain, snow, fluctuations in the temperature of the outside air, solar radiation and wind). Penetration of water and cold into the building, as well as overheating of roofs sunbeams lead to their destruction.

The shape of the roof is divided into pitched if the slope is more than 2.5%, and flat if the slope is up to 2.5%. The shape of the roof is determined by the architecture of the building and its plan configuration.

Depending on the temperature and humidity conditions of the upper building envelope, non-attic (combined) roofs are divided into non-ventilated and ventilated.

Distinguish according to purpose exploited(solariums, sports grounds, cafes, etc.) and unexploited roofs.

pitched roofs are attic and unatticed.

Attic roofs are performed with cold or warm attic.

Non-attic roofs can be cold (over unheated buildings) and warm (over heated buildings). Atticless roofs are arranged both in residential and public, and in industrial buildings for industrial and agricultural purposes. In industrial buildings, light-aeration lamps are often arranged on the coatings.

shed roof relies on its supporting structure (rafter system, truss, etc.) on the outer walls located at different levels.

A gable (gable) roof consists of two planes resting on walls located on the same level. The triangular parts of the end walls between the slopes are called gables or tongs.

The hipped roof has four triangular slopes, the tops of which converge at one point.

The hip (four-pitched) roof is formed from the connection of two trapezoidal slopes and two triangular end slopes, called hips.

Gable roof an industrial building with a longitudinal lantern differs from the gable roof of a residential building by a smaller slope of the slopes and a greater width and length.

A vaulted roof in cross section can be outlined by an arc of a circle or other geometric curve.

The folded roof is formed from the connection of individual trapezoidal elements - folds.

The dome-shaped roof is a half-ball in shape with a continuous support along the ring on a cylindrical wall.

The cross vault consists of four closed strong vaults.

A multi-gable roof is formed from the connection of the slopes of the planes. The ends of the walls under the gable planes are called tongs.

The spire-shaped roof consists of several steeply dipping triangular slopes, closed at the top.

The spherical shell is similar in outline to a dome, but rests on the base at separate points. The space between the supports is usually arranged translucent.

Roof from oblique surfaces consists of several gentle planes, based on the walls.

Roof with internal drain widely used in modern industrial and civil construction.

Mansard roofs satisfied in cases where attic space used for housing or have official purposes.

Roof shapes:

a - single-sided;

b - gable;

in - tent;

g - hip (four-slope);

d - half hip;

e - gable with a lantern;

g - vaulted;

h - folded;

and - domed;

k - cross vault;

l - forceps;

m - spire-shaped;

n - spherical shell;

o - from oblique surfaces;

p - with an internal drain;

p - flat operated

flat roofs have a slope of up to 2.5%. They are arranged in the form of playgrounds and used for dispensaries, open cafes and other purposes. While flat roofs are more expensive than pitched roofs, the savings in operating costs make up for this disadvantage.

Recently, new roof structures made of reinforced concrete prefabricated panels have become widespread.

To the main structural elements of roofs include load-bearing structures, vapor barrier, thermal insulation and roofing.

Roof- the top element of a roof from waterproof materials protecting the building from an atmospheric precipitation. Protective layer - a roofing element that protects the roofing carpet from mechanical damage, exposure to solar radiation.

thermal insulation serves to protect the building from cold and overheating by the sun. Thermal insulation can be monolithic, prefabricated and made of bulk materials. Monolithic thermal insulation is made of light concrete mixtures(for example, perlite-concrete, expanded clay concrete, bitumen-perlite), prefabricated - from prefabricated slabs. Such slabs are produced from lightweight cellular concrete, foam plastics based on polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene, etc. Thermal insulation from bulk materials is made of expanded clay, shungizite, perlite, vermiculite, etc. Such thermal insulation is used in the absence of prefabricated heaters, as well as in prefabricated complex panels .

vapor barrier protects the insulation from moisture penetrating from the room water vapor. It is arranged for thermal insulation, sticking to load-bearing structures. Vapor barrier can be painted or glued in one or two layers, depending on the degree of humidity in the room. Hot bituminous, cold asphalt or bitumen-cookersalt mastic is used as a paint vapor barrier. Various roll materials are used for gluing vapor barrier, including lining roofing felt glued on hot bitumen or cold bituminous mastics; polyethylene film, sometimes special roll materials such as foil bits - with a base of aluminum foil.

Bearing structures perceive loads from their own weight, snow mass, wind pressure and transfer these loads to walls or individual supports. Bearing structures are prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, complex panels of coatings of increased prefabrication (with heat and waterproofing layers or only with a waterproofing layer), monolithic reinforced concrete, steel profiled flooring, wooden rafters and trusses, asbestos-cement slabs.

Integrated coating panel of increased factory readiness: 1 - roofing carpet; 2 - coupler; 3 - thermal insulation; 4 - vapor barrier; 5 - carrier plate

Complete coating panels increased factory readiness combine load-bearing, steam and heat-insulating functions. They consist of two-layer slabs, the lower layer (bearing base) of which is made of heavy reinforced concrete, the upper one is made of cellular concrete or expanded clay concrete, foam plastic, fibrolite. Complex panels can be of various designs. As a bearing base, a precast prestressed slab is sometimes used. The vapor barrier is roofing material grades RPP-300A (B; C) and RPE-300. Complex panels of coatings of increased factory readiness make it possible to exclude operations on the installation of vapor and thermal insulation under construction conditions, cement-sand screed, priming the base and performing waterproofing layers.

Roofs from monolithic reinforced concrete are carried out mainly in buildings with increased seismic resistance, as well as those subject to large dynamic loads.

Cover panel made of galvanized steel profiles: a - cover panel; b - galvanized profiles; c - concrete liner, placed in the corrugations along the edges of the steel flooring; 1 - roofing carpet; 2 - thermal insulation; 3 - vapor barrier; 4 - profiled flooring

Roofs made of steel profiled decking widely used in industrial construction. The covering panel consists of load-bearing profiled decks and complex expanded polystyrene or fiberglass and mineral wool boards of increased rigidity. Galvanized steel profiles are used as load-bearing flooring for the panels. The seams between the panels are closed with inserts. Coating panels based on a metal profiled sheet of increased prefabrication are widespread. In such panels, called metal two-layer panels (sometimes monopanels), polyurethane or phenolic foam is used as a heater, which is foamed between sheet metal and a layer of rolled waterproofing material.

Monopanels- metal panels of full factory readiness for buildings and structures for various purposes (TU 5284-101-04614443-97) (Fig. 4).

bearing element monopanels is a galvanized steel sheet H57-750-0.7 (0.8). Foam plastics are used as a heat-insulating layer in monopanels, in particular, Penorezol is an effective foam plastic with a density of 100 kg / m 3 and a combustibility group G1 according to GOST 30244-94 (flammable materials).

Monopanel scheme: 1 - steel profiled sheet; 2 - slow-burning foam plastic Penorezol; 3 - elastomeric roofing material Cromel-1RA; 4 - gluing the joint with self-adhesive tape Cromel-2; 5 - run

Various materials can be used as a waterproofing coating in monopanels. One of the most efficient materials is an elastomeric rolled roofing material Cromel-1RA (TU 5774-002-41993527-97), manufactured on the basis of ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM).

Rafter structures:

rafters according to the structure are divided into two types:

layered, resting with the ends and the middle part (at one or more points) on the walls of the building,

and hanging, resting only with the ends on the puff, and she - on the walls of the building (without intermediate supports).

Distinguish according to material wooden and reinforced concrete rafters.

wooden rafters used as load-bearing structures in the construction of temporary buildings, agricultural buildings, in the construction of low-rise wooden or brick buildings and in the countryside.

Reinforced concrete rafters used in the construction of buildings with large spans ( industrial buildings).

Rafters(Fig. 6) suit when the distance between the supports (span) does not exceed 6.5 m. With one additional support, the width covered by the layered rafters can be increased to 10-12 m, and with two supports - up to 15 m The lower ends of the rafter legs 3 rest in wooden chopped or block-beamed buildings on the upper crowns, in wooden frame buildings - on the upper trim, in stone ones - on support bars 1 (Mauerlats). Rafter Location depends on the size of the contour of the building in the plan and the presence of internal supports in it in the form of walls or columns.

Laminated log rafters:

1 - Mauerlat;

2 - filly;

3 - rafter leg;

4 - beam for supporting the diagonal leg;

5 - conjurers;

6 - diagonal leg;

7 - run;

8 - rack

hanging rafters used if there are no internal intermediate supports. Such rafters rest on the outer walls. hanging rafters represent two rafter legs 2, connected from below by a puff 4, which perceives the thrust. To reduce the deflection of the rafter legs for spans up to 8 m, a crossbar is cut parallel to the puff (between the puff and the top of the rafters), and for spans of more than 8 m, a headstock 3 is installed. staples, bolts and nails. Trusses are used in industrial construction at distances between walls and supports of 12-36 m. The truss consists of lower and upper chords and a lattice of racks and braces enclosed between them.

Hanging rafters:

1 - brace;

2 - rafter leg;

4 - puff;

5 - support bar;

6 - sub-beam;

8 - overlay

attic roofs arrange with a cold or warm attic. Non-attic (combined) roofs perform the functions of load-bearing and enclosing structures of the upper floor of buildings.

If the rafter legs are made with a small section, then they can be protected from sagging with the help of a lattice made of a rack, struts and a crossbar. Racks and struts are made from boards 150 mm wide and 25 mm thick or from wooden plates obtained from a log with a diameter of at least 130-140 mm.

When installing rafter leg gets stuck. So that its end does not slip along the puff and does not chip it, it is necessary to cut the leg with a tooth, the height of which is 1/3 of the puff height, with a spike, or using both methods. In addition, the puff will remain intact and not chip off if the rafters are installed at a distance of about 300-400 m from the edge. rafter leg cuts into the end of the puff, and the tooth is moved as far as possible.

Connection of rafters with a tooth and a spike:

1 - rafter leg;

2 - puff;

To reinforce fastening rafters use a double tooth. The height of the teeth can be the same, but most often they are made so that the height of the first is 1/5 of the thickness of the tightening, the second - 1/3.

Connection of rafters with a double tooth:

1 - rafter leg;

2 - puff

For the first tooth on the puff, emphasis and a spike are made, and on rafters- eye; for the second - only emphasis. As additional fastening rafters in puffs, you can use clamps or bolts. Bolts are used less frequently, as they weaken the cross section of the rafter legs and puffs.

The connection of the rafters with a bolt and a clamp: 1 - rafter leg; 2 - puff; 3 - bolt; 4 - collar

The struts with the headstock are connected with a cut, while a nest is hammered in the headstock, and a spike is cut out in the strut. Such a connection in the hanging rafters is additionally strengthened with bolts or clamps.

Connecting the strut to the headstock: 1 - tightening; 2 - brace; 3 - clamp; 4 - bolt; 5 - grandmother; 6 - bracket

Roof base from piece or rolled materials, it can be made in the form of a crate or a continuous flooring. In the first case, wooden blocks are used for its manufacture, in the second - wooden blocks and boards.

Solid flooring is done when asbestos-cement tiles or rolled material are used as a coating. Under the tiles, the flooring boards are laid out with a small gap (no more than 10 mm) in one layer, under the rolled material - in two layers: working and protective.

Narrow boards of the protective layer should be at an angle of 45 ° to the working one. An anti-wind pad made of RPP-300 or RPP-350 roofing material is placed between the decks.

The crate is used when roofing made from corrugated asbestos-cement sheets VO (slate), sheet steel, tiles or wood.

The crossbar with rafter legs is connected by a cut with a frying pan "half a tree". The connection is fastened with a bolt and dowel, and to give it greater strength - with a bracket.

The components of the tightening are fastened together with a tooth, a metal plate and bolts. The puff is connected to the headstock with a clamp.

The connection of the crossbar and the rafter leg: 1 - rafter leg; 2 - crossbar or puff; 3 - bracket

To protect the building walls from atmospheric water, roof must have an overhang of at least 550 mm in length.

In addition to the fact that the ends of the rafter legs are fastened in a puff with the help of so-called twists, they are additionally fixed to the walls of the building. This allows you to save roof from damage in strong winds.

A twist is a piece of large wire, one end of which is attached to rafter leg, and the other - to the crutch driven into the seam of masonry at a distance of 300-350 mm from the top edge of the wall or to the beam attic floor. In chopped wooden houses instead of twisting, an iron bracket is used connecting rafters with the second crown of the log house.

Roof slope: 1 - rafter leg; 2 - puff; 3 - bracket

Roofs are hydro- and heat-insulating structures covering buildings and structures and are designed to protect buildings from atmospheric precipitation and maintain the required temperature in the room.

Depending on the slopes of the roof are divided into:

a) flat (with a slope of less than 2.5%);

b) pitched (with a slope of 2.5% or more).

Depending on the thermal requirements for the premises, roofing can be:

a) cold - devoid of insulation; they are suitable for unheated buildings with excessive heat release;

b) semi-warm - they are used for rooms with normal temperature and humidity conditions with internal water drainage;

c) warm - used for heated buildings with normal temperature and humidity conditions with external drainage and for rooms with high humidity air, where there is a risk of condensation forming on the inner surface of the coating.

Depending on the drainage system, two types of roofs of industrial buildings are distinguished:

1) with an internal drain - through funnels in storm sewer. This is the main way to remove precipitation from the roofs of industrial buildings. It is used in heated buildings and unheated buildings with excessive heat release (where the temperature in the building is not higher than 0 ºС);

2) with external drainage - it is arranged both in unheated buildings without heat emissions, and in heated buildings up to 10 m high, if the length of the roof slope in one direction does not exceed 36 m.

External drainage can be performed:

a) organized - using a system of wall gutters and downpipes;

b) unorganized - along the entire front of the slope.

The device of cold and insulated coatings.

The cold coating consists of a bearing part, screed and waterproofing, which are often combined in one material (Fig. 3.12.).

In industrial buildings, mainly rolled roofs are arranged, but sometimes - cold coatings and coatings from asbestos-cement sheets laid on wooden crates and girders.

The enclosing part of the insulated coating of the building consists of:

from the supporting structure;

· vapor barrier;

leveling layer (screed);

· waterproofing carpet;

protective layer.

The vapor barrier is laid on reinforced concrete slabs (in buildings with a relative humidity of more than 60% of the internal air). The purpose of the vapor barrier device is to prevent the formation of condensate on the inner surface of the coating and the wetting of the insulation. Water entering the insulation layer fills the pores and cells, as a result of which its thermal conductivity increases sharply, and the insulation does not perform its functions.

As a vapor barrier, rolled waterproofing materials are used - roofing material, roofing felt, waterproofing, glued to the surface of the flooring using mastics. You can also use bituminous mastics as a vapor barrier.

The thickness of the thermal insulation depends on the physical parameters of the material and its operating conditions and is determined by calculation. As a heater, materials with a bulk density are used γ 0 = 300 ÷ 500 kg / m: foam and aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete, gas and foam silicates, foam glass, polystyrene, as well as mineral wool in the form of slabs or blocks. The thermal insulation material must have sufficient compressive strength to ensure the rigidity of the base under the roll carpet. Therefore, in construction, mainly slab heaters are used. However, the insulation may be in the form of a backfill of expanded clay, slag or tuff. In these cases, bulk materials are laid in layers of 10 cm and carefully compacted. Such a heater (in the form of backfills) has rarely been used in recent years - only with small amounts of work.

The leveling layer, or screed, serves as the basis for a rolled roof. It is made from cement mortar grades M 50 - 100 or fine-grained asphalt concrete. The thickness of the screed layer laid on a rigid slab insulation is taken 15 ÷ 25 mm, and on a loose and not having sufficient strength - 25 ÷ 30 mm; the screed is reinforced with welded meshes. Cement screeds are coated with a cold bituminous primer immediately after the installation, which prevents them from cracking and provides better adhesion to the glued rolled carpet.

Asphalt screeds are arranged with temperature-shrinkage joints to prevent cracking of asphalt in winter time. Asphalt screeds on non-rigid and loose materials are not recommended.

The waterproofing carpet is made of rolled roofing materials, the number of layers of which is chosen depending on the slope of the coating:

with a slope of at least 1.5%, the roof is made of four layers of rolled materials - 2 layers of roofing and 2 layers of hydroisol or 4 layers of roofing;

with a slope of at least 2.5% - three layers of roofing material or hydroisol, or one layer of roofing material and 2 layers of hydroisol;

with a slope of at least 12% - 2 layers of roofing material.

Waterproofing carpets are glued using tar or bituminous mastics (roofing material, waterproofing - on bituminous, roofing - on tar).

In the conditions of Kharkiv, on hot summer days, under the influence of solar radiation, the temperature of the roof from roll material, having a black color, reaches 70 ÷ 85 ° С. Therefore, in order to prevent the destruction of the rolled carpet during drying from mechanical damage, as well as to improve the sanitary and hygienic regime inside the premises, a protective layer is arranged, which helps to reduce the temperature of the upper surface of the roof; the rolled carpet is covered with one or two layers of fine light gravel embedded in the mastic.

REPAIR AND RESTORATION OF ATTIC TYPE COATINGS

The technical condition of the coating to a decisive extent determines the mode of operation of the building as a whole. Therefore, in the process of reconstruction, it is advisable not only to repair the coating, but also to implement a number of thoughtful and reasonable measures that are aimed at improving its reliability. One of...
(Reconstruction of buildings, structures and urban development)

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(Technology of fusion welding and thermal cutting)

Study of the thermoradiation regime of the premises of industrial buildings

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(Inspection and testing of structures of buildings and structures)

PRODUCTION BUILDINGS FOR PRINTING ENTERPRISES

The main structural elements of industrial buildings and their purpose The main elements of buildings are: foundations, walls, columns, interfloor ceilings, stairs, doors, window openings with filling and lanterns, coverings and roofs. Separate elements of the building are shown in fig. 5.1. Foundation -...
(Design of printing production)

By floor:

mixed operation.

By number of flights:

single-span;

multi-span.

By the presence of lights:

lanterns;

lampless.

By capital:

According to the degree of durability:

1)less than 100 years old

2)less than 50 years old

3) at least 20 years

1) crane

2) craneless

Frame:

with reinforced concrete frame;

with metal.

Frameless:

1) Solid building

2) pavilion building

1) flying

2) cell

3) hall

Data for the design of industrial enterprises.

When designing an industrial building, it is necessary to take into account all the conditions for creating the required conditions for the planned technological processes. The developed project must strictly correspond to the purpose of production, take into account its technological and specific features. An important issue is the design of communication and engineering networks and systems, as continuity in their operation is essential for production.

Most modern industrial and industrial buildings have rectangular shape and are characterized by large spans, the height of the premises and the ability to withstand heavy loads from installed equipment. Typical span dimensions are determined by technological processes and can range from 6 to 36 meters. Industrial buildings equipped with cranes have typical spans 18, 24, 30, 36 meters. Lifting and vibration equipment has a great influence on the building, therefore, when designing the building frame, it is especially necessary to take into account the operating mode of such equipment. Crane runways of crane equipment can be of cantilever / suspended type and on independent racks. When designing building structures, all mechanical influences from installed equipment. In addition to issues related to production technology, when designing industrial buildings, many other parameters are taken into account: fire safety, explosion hazard of production, the degree of aggressiveness of the production environment, environmental safety, safety and comfort of production, and others. The design of the building must fully satisfy the purpose of the structure, be reliable, durable and most economical.

The main requirements for buildings and determined by:

technological process;
rational layout of equipment;
sufficient strength and durability of building elements;
profitability;
possibility of construction by industrial methods;
creation of favorable conditions for the operation of the building;
safe and comfortable working conditions for people;
high quality architectural and artistic solution.

Question 18

B)

Attachment to the parapet
a) operated roof; b) non-exploited roofing on a covering of steel corrugated boards;
1 - reinforced concrete slab coatings; 2 - steel corrugated board; 3 - protective layer of cement-sand mortar or asphalt concrete; 4 - main waterproofing carpet; 5 - additional waterproofing carpet; 6 - separating layer; 7 - a side from a heater; 8 - cement-sand mortar screed; 9 - waterproofing carpet made of elastomeric or thermoplastic film with mechanical fastening to corrugated board; 10 - sealant; 11 - parapet slab; 12 and 13 - protective apron; 14 - galvanized steel; 15 - combined rivet; 16 - wall panel; 17 - mechanical fastening; 18 - additional insulation; 19 - wooden block antiseptic and flame retardant; 20 - screw; 21 - non-combustible mineral wool insulation; 22 - fence; 23 - thermal insulation.
1.1.31. With external drainage, the cornice sections of the roof must be reinforced with one layer of an additional waterproofing carpet with a width of at least 250 mm, made of rolled material glued to the base under the roof (for rolled roofs) or from one layer of mastic with one reinforcing gasket (for mastic roofs).
1.1.32. The ridge of the roof with slopes of 3.0% or more must be reinforced to a width of 150-250 mm on each side, and the valley - to a width of 500-750 mm (from the inflection line) with one layer of an additional waterproofing carpet made of rolled material glued to the base along longitudinal edges.
1.1.33. When used as a base under the roof of a prefabricated screed, fixed mechanically to the metal corrugated sheet, in the roofing project (in the project for the production of works), a roofing detail should be given with the layout of the screed elements (plates) in such a way that the fasteners fall into the upper corrugation of the corrugated board.
1.1.34. In roofs with grass cover, special funnels are used with a drainage ring to drain water and additional elements made of plastic.

The maximum distance between the water intake funnels of unused roofs should not exceed 36 m

The location of the funnels in the plan should have a single standard reference to the longitudinal staking axes, equal to 450 mm, to the transverse axes, equal to 500 mm.

Decking

For the installation of the roof, the profiled flooring must be selected very carefully, namely so that its length is not less than the length of the roof slope.

In this case, transverse joints are excluded, and, at the same time, the moisture-proof qualities of the roof increase, and the laboriousness of its manufacture decreases.

If the roof slope is longer than the corrugated board, it is convenient to install it with masonry in the direction from the bottom row to the top.

The joints of the profiled sheet along the slope should be overlapped and filled with sealant.

Between the top roofing sheet and thermal insulation, you need to leave a ventilated gap up to 40 mm high.

As a rule, sheets are laid parallel to the eaves, horizontally aligned, with an overhang of 20 - 40 mm over the eaves. Adjacent sheets are fastened with one self-tapping screw.

The fastening of the corrugated board to the elements of the wooden crate is carried out using self-tapping screws, which are installed without pre-drilling a hole.

Screws with a hex or flat head can also be used, under which a plastic washer is installed.

Fastening rules roofing sheeting the following:

1. in longitudinal joints, the fixing step of the flooring should not exceed 500 mm;

2. from the side of the wind bar, the corrugated board is attached to each purlin;

3. corrugated board is attached at the place where the wave (trapezium) fits to the crate;

4. sheets are attached to each wave (trapeze). It is allowed to fasten the flooring through a wave (trapezium) to intermediate crates.

Fastening profiled sheets with nails is not allowed due to the possible separation of profiled sheets under the influence of wind.

To save decorative properties the corrugated board should be washed annually with soapy water.

MONOPANELS - ROOFING SYSTEMS

Monopanels are one of the novelties of hard roofing, roof covering of complete complete readiness for industrial and civil construction.

The finished roofing monopanel is completed at the factory. It can be said that they begin to cover the roof in the factory. The base of the monopanel is usually a supporting steel galvanized profiled sheet of the type H57-750-07 (painted or unpainted), followed by a layer of vapor barrier, then thermal insulation and the main roofing - waterproofing membrane or also a metal profile, but a profile lighter than at the base. The use of monopanels is universal, from almost flat roofs up to 45°. Laying is carried out end-to-end, on a flat roof with a small slope, the seams are rubbed with mortar and covered with sealant, fixed mechanically, and the seams are sealed with sealant tape such as "Guerlain", "Polykr". Work can be carried out at any time of the year, wetting of the insulation is excluded. At the base of the trusses, the panels are laid out along the girders, the joints are insulated with a tape sealant for vapor barrier, in order to prevent the penetration of vapors and moisture from the inside of the room. The body of the panel itself is fastened with self-tapping screws, and the attachment point is sealed additionally.

A monopanel allows you to reduce labor intensity by several times, arranging a “full pie” by mounting one sheet (monopanel).

In addition, the weight of such a structure is significantly reduced, since there is no need for battens and counter-battens. This means that the entire roof structure becomes lighter. It is also easier to transport a monopanel, the insulation and waterproofing are preserved in the configuration, protected on both sides by a profile or a membrane. The profile provides fire safety designs.

Sometimes monopanels are made on the basis of membranes, but then their use can be attributed to soft roof. And the top layer membrane needs additional protection - gravel or a layer of geotextile.

So, there is a monopanel up to 12.4 m long based on the Cromel polymer. As a heater in this design, the filling thermal insulation "Penorezol" is used with a layer thickness of 50, 80 and 100 mm. During installation, self-adhesive tape "Kromel-2" is used to seal the seams.

"Sandwich panels"

A variety of monopanels for prefabricated buildings, class multilayer structures, in which the heat-insulating layer is clamped on both sides by a galvanized profile. Sandwich panels are divided into wall, roof and finishing (reconstruction and insulation of old buildings).

Each type of panel has a number of design features. Due to the specifics of our collection, let's take a deeper look at roofing panels.

According to their characteristics, sandwich panels are lightweight, durable and fire-resistant structures, which greatly facilitate the work of the roofer, performing at the same time heat, sound and waterproofing of the roof.

It is preferable to use panels on roofs with a slope of 8 °, as well as for reinforcement and insulation floors span up to 6 m.

Thermal insulation in one layer 35-250 mm thick is made of rigid polyurethane foam based on polyisocyanate with fire-resistant additives with a density of 45-60 kg/m3 (154). As you can read in the section on thermal insulation, polyurethane foam has some of the best performance heaters. The foam filling the space between the profiled sheets consists of small closed cells containing foaming gas with low thermal conductivity.

Roof sandwich panels used for roofing of buildings and structures for industrial and commercial purposes. The outer surfaces of the panel skins have a corrosion-resistant coating that is highly resistant to abrasion, acidic environments and ultraviolet radiation. The necessary additional elements are manufactured and supplied.

Application area:

For roofs of industrial buildings operated under the following conditions:

Non-aggressive and slightly aggressive environments (painted panels - chemical-resistant coating, weather-resistant, etc.);

Relative air humidity - up to 60%;

Degree of fire resistance - IV;

Outside air temperature 60°C

The thickness of the insulation, taking into account the change 3;

run spacing - 3 m, panel length up to 12 t

The cell walls are impervious to liquid gases, which retains the original characteristics of the insulation for a long time.

By varying the thickness of the polyurethane foam< получаем панель necessary purpose with characteristics for a specific area of application

The enclosing planes of the sandwich-panel are 2 profiled sheets with a thickness of C 0.8 mm. The profile is made of hot-rolled or cold-rolled galvanized enameled or stainless steel.

The insulation fits snugly against the skin; that and free cavities.

Sandwich panels are produced with a protective; corrosive or waterproofing film sheets.

The sandwich panel is delivered to the customer in a complete set, full factory readiness, ready for immediate installation in all weather conditions (155).

At the ends of the panels they have a strong special lock, which makes it possible to obtain, when mounted on a monolithic structure.

Fasteners must be properly selected. sandwich panel manufacturers, the hardware of the SFS company, which produces kr? elements and develops creg technologies

SDT screws are optimal in terms of dynamic loads of temperature, wind and mechanical impacts.

Typically, roofs for industrial and agricultural purposes, sports, warehouses, and refrigerators are made from sandwich panels. In addition, polyurethane foam is low-flammable, therefore, buildings made of sandwich panels belong to buildings of IV-II degrees of fire resistance.

Specifications sandwich panels produced at the Zainsky plant of metal structures "Timer":

Width - 750 mm;

Length to order - up to 7.2 m;

Weight 1 m2 -19.4 kg;

Insulation thickness - 110 mm;

Thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam - 0.023 W / mK;

Density - 45 kg/m3.

The profile is made of steel sheet 0.5 - 0.8 mm thick, hot-dip galvanized with a primer layer without etching and with a special coating, or in stainless steel.

carrier layer- H57-750 mm.

Roof trusses

Roof trusses are divided into types:
- FPS - for pitched roofing
- FPM - for coatings with a low-slope roof;
- FPN - the same, with prestressed truss racks
- FP - for coverings from slabs with a span length.

Connections depending on the slope of the roof and the placement of expansion joints

foundation beams

Columns. For the perception of vertical and horizontal loads in industrial buildings, separate supports - columns are provided. In modern industrial construction, prefabricated reinforced concrete columns of prefabricated rectangular or square section. Prefabricated reinforced concrete columns are used for buildings with and without overhead cranes. For craneless buildings with a height of up to 10800 mm, rectangular columns of 400x400 and 500x500 mm are used for extreme columns, 400x600 and 500x600 mm for medium

a - for craneless; b - with cranes; c - two-branch columns for crane spans; 1 - column of the extreme row; 2 - the same, middle row.

For the frames of buildings equipped with overhead cranes, columns of rectangular and two-branch sections are used. They consist of two parts: over-crane and under-crane. The over-crane part - the over-column - serves to support the supporting structure of the coating. The crane runway part transfers the load to the foundation from the overhead column, as well as from the runway beams, which rest on the ledges of the column console. The extreme columns of crane spans have a one-sided ledge - a console, the middle ones - two-sided consoles.

Foundations. Reinforced concrete foundations in prefabricated or monolithic design are arranged under the columns of the building frame. They are designed, as a rule, in a stepped form (see the diagram below).

a - monolithic; b - prefabricated; 1 - concrete column; 2 - reinforced concrete column; 3 - embedding with concrete; 4 - gravy with a solution.

Foundation beams. They serve to transfer loads from external and internal walls buildings on the foundations of columns. Foundation beams for external walls are carried out beyond the edges of the columns, and for internal walls they are placed between the columns along the line of their axes. The beams have a tee (see the diagram below) or a trapezoidal cross section. The length of the main beams with a column spacing of 6000 mm is 4950 mm, with a spacing of 12000 mm - 10700 mm.

a - tee section; b - trapezoidal; c - cross sections; g - supporting beams on the foundation.

The gaps between the ends of the beams and foundations are filled with concrete. Waterproofing is arranged on the upper surface of the beams. Heaving soils from under the beams are removed and sand or slag bedding is made.

Lanterns.

U-shaped. 6m long - with a span of 18m. 12m - in other cases.

Anti-aircraft: point (easier) and panel. Lantern length should be< 82м, если больше делается разрез = шагу колонн.

For the device of overhead light and aeration, special upper adjustments are accepted - Lanterns.

Lanterns and their structures, as well as coatings and wall fences, experience a complex set of different influences: power, mechanical (vibration, dynamic loads), temperature deformations, and the impact of the internal environment (chemical biological reagents). Best of all, these requirements are met by metals, less often (due to weight) - reinforced concrete.

Flashlight classification:

By appointment:

a) light - intended only for lighting inner space workshops.

b) aeration - intended only for ventilation.

c) light-aeration.

According to the cross-sectional profile:

A) rectangular

B) trapezoidal

B) triangular

D) M-shaped

D) shed

E) Anti-aircraft

Designs of lantern devices: lantern trusses or frames and plywood panels.

Enclosing structures of lanterns: coatings, side elements, glazing.

Rigidity connections - are arranged according to lantern devices according to the principle of a truss connection device.

Clerestory.

Skylights made of plexiglass are made in a point (dome) and extended version. They allow you to evenly and actively illuminate the premises located under them with natural light. Translucent domes are installed over the holes in the roof slabs; vaults - above the hole formed by the passage of the slab. Lanterns consist of a steel cup of trapezoidal section, installed above the hole in the cover; wooden support frame, wound into upper part glass, and translucent fencing in the form of two-layer domes or vaults. Thermal insulation properties coatings are preserved due to a sealed air layer located between the plexiglass shells. Steel cups are installed on sealing gaskets and welded with embedded elements or elements adjusted to the plates. They are painted with enamel, white on the inside. The wooden support frame is made from antiseptic wood. She presses the ruberoid carpet to the top of the glass. The joint is covered with a galvanized steel apron. The translucent organic glass elements rest on a wooden support frame through profiled rubber seals. They are screwed to the frame with screws. The heads of the screws for protection against corrosion are installed in a washer covered with a cap. Drilling holes for screws is done after gluing washers. The joints of the elements of the vault are sealed with profiled gaskets made of frost-resistant rubber and covered with arc-shaped plexiglass linings.

The concept of industrial buildings. Classification of industrial buildings by purpose.

Industrial buildings are designed to accommodate production. By appointment, they are divided according to the branches of production where they are used.

Industrial buildings consist of individual buildings designed to carry out the production process.

Structural elements of an industrial building:

pavement structure, consisting of the bearing part (beams and trusses) and the enclosing part (slabs or pavement elements);

crane beams installed on the console of the columns (if the building is of a crane type)

lanterns providing additional daylight and ventilation;

vertical railings(walls, windows, partitions, doors);

special connections (horizontal and vertical), providing spatial rigidity building.

Classification of industrial buildings by purpose:

production (mechanical assembly, repair);

energy (CHP, transformer substations);

transport and storage facilities (warehouses, garages);

auxiliary (administration premises).

2) Classification of industrial buildings

By floor:

one-story (heavy industry);

multi-storey buildings (light industry);