Gas boilers with forced circulation. Features of the device of the heating system with forced circulation. With natural or forced circulation

In order to choose the right floor gas boiler for efficient home heating, you need to understand the differences between single-circuit and double-circuit schemes, understand the nuances of work, determine the advantages and possible disadvantages.

Floor-standing boilers that use gas as fuel can only be installed in houses that have direct access to the central gas main. The equipment is able not only to efficiently heat the building, but also, if necessary, to provide hot water.

Floor standing gas boiler

Floor-standing units, as their name already implies, are placed directly on the floor or on a specially equipped elevated platform. They are more powerful and productive than wall-mounted ones, and are intended primarily for rooms with a large quadrature.

Features of outdoor units powered by gas

In general, you can install floor gas boilers for heating a house of any size. It is most rational to carry out with their help the heating of buildings whose area exceeds 200 square meters. m.

Aggregates are different increased power, which, depending on the model, can vary from 10 to 200 kW, as well as a long service life - up to 50 years, subject to proper operation.

An important feature of gas-fired boilers is that their heat exchangers are equipped with separate sections - this makes it possible, if necessary, to replace or repair a single section without stopping the operation of the entire boiler.

Floor boilers with built-in boiler

Products released during the combustion of gas are usually removed by organizing forced ventilation, which is provided by a separate ventilation duct equipped with a special fan.

Depending on the connection to the power supply, gas-fired units are divided into:

1. non-volatile models - equipped with an open expansion tank, the coolant circulates naturally, no financial expenses for electricity are required, they are easy to maintain, slopes must be taken into account during installation;
2. dependent on the connection to the power supply - equipped with pumps for the circulation of the coolant, as well as a closed expansion tank, a system automatic control temperature regime.

In the first case, the possibility of adjusting the temperature is not provided, and there is also a need to install a pipeline of large diameter. Non-volatile models are usually purchased for installation in regions where there are constant power outages.

Volatile floor standing gas boiler

The design of such an autonomous unit is simplified as much as possible, without an electronic part for control, that is, there is no automatic adjustment of the temperature in the rooms. Depending on the changing environmental conditions, external human intervention in the operation of the heating system will be required.

Attention! The design of non-volatile models does not provide for the presence of circulating sediment, the movement of the coolant through the pipes is carried out by its natural circulation, therefore the heating system must be installed at least with a minimum slope of the pipeline.

Boilers dependent on electricity have a heat generator that independently generates energy, which is necessary for the performance of the entire control system. A thermocouple in the flame of a gas burner, when heated, generates a certain voltage sufficient to operate the system directly above the valve.

The device of a gas floor boiler with circulation pump

With a sudden cessation of gas supply, the voltage immediately begins to drop, as a result of which the valve closes. In general, volatile models with automation are by far the most common. The reason for the popularity lies in the fact that they are easier to be certified, which means that you can get a mandatory permit for a tie-in to the central gas supply much faster.

Advantages and disadvantages

Outdoor units running on gas fuel have a number of advantages:

• simplicity and safety during operation;
• the ability to automate control;
• relative cheapness of fuel;
• a sufficiently high level of efficiency;
• the possibility of providing the building with heat and hot water supply.

Floor standing gas boiler with cast iron heat exchanger

Of the minuses of gas boilers mounted on the floor, it should be called:

• the need to organize a specially equipped room or a separate place with excellent ventilation for the unit;
• the presence of an appropriate chimney in the boiler room;
• connection of equipment must be accompanied by a certificate and the corresponding permits from regulatory authorities.

Classification by the number of circuits

Depending on the number of functions performed, floor-standing boilers that run on gas fuel are divided into single- and double-circuit ones. The first manufacturing companies are produced as heating equipment designed exclusively for heating residential premises, therefore, for heating water in private cottages, they are often additionally equipped with a boiler.

Scheme: single-circuit gas boiler

Unlike single-circuit, double-circuit gas equipment was originally designed to perform two functions at once: both space heating and hot water heating. The installation of dual-circuit units is justified primarily in cases where it is not possible to connect to a centralized hot water supply system.

Or when it is not economically viable to use this type of water supply. High-power double-circuit gas-fired units are also actively installed in modern new buildings. Thus, both heating and uninterrupted hot water supply of the entire building are fully ensured.

Single-circuit floor standing gas boilers

In the center of the system there is a single-circuit unit operating on gas fuel according to the so-called closed cycle of operation. Water (or antifreeze), under the influence of a constantly rising temperature in the boiler, heats up, after which it circulates along one circuit through pipes and radiators, giving off heat, and then returns.

Heating system with gas single-circuit boiler

If it is necessary to provide hot water to a private cottage, a so-called boiler is often purchased additionally. indirect heating, which will play the role of a storage water heater. But this system has a significant disadvantage - when the boiler is started, the movement of the coolant is slowed down until the water in the boiler compartment is heated to a certain temperature.

Double-circuit floor gas boilers

The whole system works on the basis of combining two circuits at once, one of which is designed to heat all rooms in the building, and the second provides hot water. In this case, water heating can be done by one of two possible ways: flowing or accumulative. In the first case, the design of the boiler involves the use of an additional built-in heat exchanger, which quickly heats the water using atmospheric burner.

The device of the condensing floor gas boiler

The accumulative method of heating water, as in the case described above, involves the use of a boiler, but is considered more efficient. With the simultaneous inclusion of several water intake points, the system does an excellent job of its function, heating a large number of liters of cold water. In addition, during automatic tuning in summer period The system can only supply hot water.

Heat exchanger: cast iron or steel?

According to the type of material for the manufacture of heat exchangers, boilers are divided into cast iron and steel. The palm is held by cast-iron units, despite the fact that their cost is somewhat higher than that of steel ones.

Gas double-circuit boiler with cast-iron heat exchanger

Among the advantages of cast iron boilers should be called an extended service life (up to 30 years), among the disadvantages is sensitivity to mechanical stress and temperature extremes. Steel analogues weigh half as much and will cost much less, but they will last about 15-20 years, they are subject to corrosion.

Advice. In order to avoid possible thermal shock, it is not recommended to feed the system with cold water until the heat exchanger made of cast iron has completely cooled down.

Selection of a floor gas boiler depending on power

Before the purchase heating equipment it is necessary to calculate the power, since it is this indicator that is directly related to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room that will be heated.

You can calculate the required power of a gas-fired unit using the formula Q = k*V*∆T, where:
Q - number of heat losses, kcal/h;
V is the volume of the room, calculated as the height multiplied by the width and the length of the room, m3;
∆T - maximum temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air temperature;
k is the average heat transfer coefficient of the building (for wooden building 3-4, for a brick wall with one brick 2-3, for a brick wall with two bricks 1-2, for a building with excellent insulation 0.6-1).

The resulting value will show the power of the boiler required for efficient heating. If the equipment will also be used for heating water, then power is added depending on the maximum expected water consumption - plus 10–40%.

Mounting Features

Long before installation, it is necessary to separately evaluate the possibility of operating the selected heating equipment with sub-zero temperature and at low pressure - perhaps it would be rational to use antifreeze as a coolant.

Connected gas floor boiler

In general, the piping scheme depends on the type of boiler equipment chosen and is usually carried out according to the so-called circuit diagram. It is better to entrust the installation, as well as the piping of units operating on gas fuel, to experienced specialists who will make a competent connection to the gas supply system.

Conclusion

Floor-standing boilers that run on gas fuel are able to provide productive heating for private houses of any area. Depending on the specific needs, it is possible to select double-circuit or single-circuit equipment, both non-volatile and with automatic regulation when connected to the mains.

Comparison of floor and wall gas boilers: video

Outdoor gas boiler for home heating: photo

Gas floor boiler

For country house maintaining a comfortable temperature in winter time- not an easy task, especially if the house is not connected to a centralized gas supply. And a completely different situation - when there is main gas available. In this case best option to provide the house with heat - this is the use of floor-type gas heating boilers.

Advantages of gas equipment

Blue fuel is the most profitable source of heat compared to solid or electric. At the same time, the positive aspects of gas boilers include:

• durability
• reliability
• security
• Ability to heat large rooms
• simple operation
• no need for constant monitoring gas equipment
• high efficiency

The durability and reliability of the boiler is ensured by the material from which it is made - steel or cast iron. Automation is responsible for safety, which monitors the gas pressure in the line and turns off or turns on the burner in time if drops occur. Therefore, constant monitoring is not required. And the owner can leave his house for a long time, being completely sure that upon his return he will be met comfortable temperature in room.

The operation of gas equipment is so simple that almost everyone can handle it, including older people who do not have an engineering background.

The high efficiency is due to the fact that when burning gas, no residues are formed, as when burning solid fuels.

Today, many people living in apartment buildings are abandoning district heating and installing autonomous heating. In this case, the gas boiler gives great advantage regarding independent regulation of the required temperature in the apartment. And this is much more profitable for the owner than paying for district heating services.

Disadvantages of using gas boilers

Despite the many positive aspects of the use of gas equipment, there are also negative aspects:

• long and costly registration of the installation of such boilers
• arrangement of chimney and ventilation ducts
• requirement of a separate room with an individual exit to the street
• inefficient use if the house area is less than 100 sq.m
• the presence of automation that monitors the safety of the boiler in case of unstable power supply
• with a decrease in pressure in the main gas pipeline, which is so often in Russian conditions, The efficiency of the device decreases and soot appears

Long and costly paperwork involves:

• drafting
• provision of an agreement with an organization that installs gas equipment
• providing a copy of the license to perform such work
• conclusion of an agreement with an organization providing services for the further maintenance of gas equipment

And all this costs a lot of money, time and nerves, especially in Russian realities.

Boiler types

Classification of gas devices

The existing classification of gas devices takes into account several indicators, including:

• location
• heat exchanger material
• burner type
• gas exhaust system
• number of circuits
• power
• combustion chamber type
• coolant flow diagram

According to the location, gas equipment is divided into floor and wall.

According to the material from which the heat exchanger is made, boilers are divided into cast iron and steel. At the same time, no one can say unequivocally which ones are better, since both of them have both advantages and disadvantages.

Boilers with cast iron heat exchanger

Their positive characteristic is that the walls of the cast iron heat exchanger have a significant thickness, so they long time operated without burnout and corrosion. However, cast iron is a rather fragile material, and careless installation or transportation can lead to the formation of microcracks, which reduces its durability.

In addition, if the water used as a coolant has increased rigidity, then over time, cast-iron parts are deformed as a result of local overheating.

Boiler gas floor steel heat exchanger

A floor-standing gas heating boiler, in which the heat exchanger is made of steel, is much lighter than cast-iron counterparts. In addition, steel is more resistant to mechanical damage and has some flexibility. Therefore, it better tolerates transportation and possible shocks during installation. However, steel products are less resistant to corrosion, and therefore are considered not as durable.

A gas boiler with a steel heat exchanger should be operated in strict compliance with thermal regime and without allowing the temperature to drop to the so-called "dew point".

Important! Floor-standing gas boilers with heat exchangers can be repaired if necessary, since the heat exchangers consist of easily replaceable sections.

Types of burners

Gas equipment may have:

• atmospheric burner
• forced draft burner, which is otherwise called a fan, replaceable, or mounted

Atmospheric type burners are the simplest in design. The principle of their work is the natural supply of air necessary for the combustion of gas. Many models of household boilers are equipped with such burners, while the cost of such a device is already included in the price of gas equipment. The advantage of atmospheric burners is their quiet operation.

Pressurized type burners work due to the built-in fan, which supplies air from the surrounding atmosphere forcibly. The fan, of course, is powered by the mains, so such gas floor boilers can be classified as volatile devices.

The advantages of a fan-type burner include high efficiency and stable operation with a decrease in pressure in the main gas networks.

Their disadvantage is the high noise level during the operation of the fan.

Gas boilers equipped with interchangeable burners are universal because they can operate on both natural and liquefied gas, as well as liquid fuel.

Replaceable burners, as a rule, are not included in the package of a gas device, so such a unit is more expensive.

Gas equipment equipped with fan-type burners can have a power of 10 to 80 kW. However modern manufacturers produce boilers with a capacity of up to several thousand kilowatts. Therefore, the consumer can always choose the right equipment that can heat a small house or a huge cottage.

The method of removal of combustion products

Domestic gas boilers

Gas boilers are also divided according to the method of exhaust gases output:

• with forced draft
• with natural traction

Natural draft involves the installation of a chimney pipe passing through the ceiling, roof and protruding above the roof at a certain height. This is the most common way to remove combustion products.

Forced draft gas equipment includes boilers with fans built into the chimney or ventilation duct. But this is already outdated. But the coaxial chimney is still a new word in gas equipment.

The principle of its device is also called "pipe in pipe", which means the presence of one pipe large diameter and the second, inserted into the first pipe, of a smaller size. Through a pipe of smaller diameter, combustion products are discharged to the street, and through the space formed due to the difference in pipe diameters, cold air goes to the gas burner to support the flame.

The advantages of such a chimney are obvious:

• there is no need to build a chimney, no need to break through the floors and roof, which greatly reduces the cost of building a house
• Oxygen is not taken from the dwelling to maintain gas combustion, and this has the most positive effect on the well-being of people living in the house

For a coaxial chimney, it is enough to make a small hole in the wall.

Number of circuits

Heating boiler

All heating floor gas boilers have one, two or more circuits in their design.

Single-circuit devices are simpler and are intended only for heating the coolant in the heating system. But in this case, you will have to heat the water using an electric boiler or in other ways.

Double-circuit boilers are able to heat water for both the heating system and domestic needs thanks to the two heat exchangers located in them. To heat water, they can have a boiler or a flow-through coil inside.

Some models of such devices contain a regulator that is set to the selected temperature. It turns it on or off on its own. gas unit when the temperature reaches the set point. These are the most easy-to-use devices, widely popular among consumers.

However, when purchasing such a boiler, you should know some of its features:

1. If hot water has not been parsed for a sufficiently long time, then when you open the tap, you will have to wait a while until the water of the desired temperature begins to flow.
2. In this case, the waiting time directly depends on the distance of the point of analysis from the boiler and on the diameter of the pipes.
3. Heat exchangers of devices of this type are capable of accumulating scale, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the unit and excessive gas consumption. The length of the pipe connecting the boiler and the farthest hot water tap should not exceed 7 meters.

Some types of outdoor gas devices contain in their design electronic control of thermostats and a flame control sensor. If the flame goes out for some reason, the sensor immediately stops the gas supply. Such boilers are able to support optimal mode work, which saves fuel.

In addition, in some models of double-circuit boilers, special filters are provided for purifying water from various impurities. As a result, scale is formed in smaller volumes, which prolongs the life of the boiler. Also in the design heating device may include such a function as cleaning the combustion chamber in automatic mode.

combustion chambers

Heating boilers with a closed combustion chamber

There are boilers with open and closed combustion chamber. In the first case, the air enters the burner directly from the room, reducing the oxygen content in it. Such a device is simple in operation and design, however, when using it, the room must be equipped with a chimney and ventilation.

Such a boiler does not depend on the availability of electricity, which is an important advantage. After all, our reality cannot boast of an uninterrupted supply of electricity.

Boilers with a closed combustion chamber are equipped with coaxial chimneys, which is very convenient. But such devices are completely dependent on the availability of power, since combustion products are removed only with the help of a built-in fan.

The advantage of such boilers is that they take air from the street without depriving the residents of the room of oxygen.

Boilers by type of coolant circulation

Differ gas appliances and how the coolant circulates in the heating system. circulation can be:

• natural
• forced

Natural circulation involves the distribution of the coolant through pipes and heating devices due to the pressure difference between cold and hot water. Cold water enters the floor heating boiler from below, squeezing the lighter hot water up into the pipes and further into the radiators. From there, she, having given up her heat and cooled down, returns through the return pipes again to the boiler. This is how it goes closed loop in the heating system.

Despite the fact that boilers of this design are cheaper than others, the installation of the heating system, engineering calculations of the mandatory slope of pipes leaving and entering the boiler, in total, cost more than a boiler with forced movement of the coolant.

In addition, natural circulation implies an open expansion tank, which is usually installed in an unheated attic space. Therefore, there is always a risk of water freezing when severe frosts and ingress of oxygen into the coolant. And this increases the likelihood of corrosion inside the heating system.

Forced circulation of the coolant is carried out using pumps powered by electricity. Such devices consume 10-15% less gas and can maintain the temperature regime within the specified parameters. However, if there is no electricity, the heating in the house will be suspended. And to protect yourself from such a situation, you must have an emergency source of electricity.

Condensing gas boilers

Gas condensing boiler

These devices have not yet found wide application, since they appeared not so long ago on Russian market. They are able to reduce gas consumption by 15-20%, which is important in the face of ever-increasing prices for natural gas. The principle of operation of such devices is as follows.

In conventional boilers, combustion products are discharged into the atmosphere, causing considerable damage to it in terms of ecology. If in traditional devices condensate as a product of gas combustion is a harmful and undesirable component, then in condensate boilers it works, giving up its thermal energy for heating the coolant. The heat is removed from the condensate in a heat exchanger with a large area.

They say that the efficiency of such devices is 107-108%. But this is not entirely true, since according to the laws of physics, it cannot be more than 100%. .

Note! In this case, the efficiency of condensate boilers is simply compared with that of conventional boilers.

In any case, the performance of new devices significantly exceeds that of traditional equipment.

two stage boiler

Floor gas boilers are also classified according to such a parameter as power. They may be:

• single stage
• two-stage
• modulation

A single-stage unit can only operate at one specific level. Two-stage has 2 power levels. Boilers with modulation can smoothly switch, increasing or decreasing power.

Naturally, the devices operate at full capacity only in the winter, and then, depending on the temperature outside. Therefore, two-stage equipment or with a modulating function is considered more economical than single-stage boilers.

These units are:

• long service life, due to the ability to adjust the power without turning off or turning on the burner
• minimum amount of combustion products discharged into the atmosphere
• the ability to connect additional equipment, such as boilers

Two-stage or modulating boilers are best used for small temporary residences or in regions where winter temperatures are not too low..

Choosing a floor gas boiler

Floor gas heating boilers BAXI

By purchasing a gas boiler, everyone wants to get high-quality and inexpensive equipment. First of all, you should focus on the area of ​​\u200b\u200byour room. It is usually calculated that 1 kW of gas equipment power should be enough to heat 10 square meters. m of housing.

You should also pay attention to what the boiler is equipped with, that is, whether it is volatile. The operation of equipment, which includes fans, circulation pumps or sensors, depends on the availability of electricity. electronic control. If power outages are frequent in your area, then it is better to refuse such complete units.

Remember that a single-circuit boiler is not able to provide you with hot water. This means that to install a bathtub, a shower cabin and other appliances that require hot water, an additional hot water boiler or flow-through gas burner is required.

When choosing a boiler, do not pay attention to advertising. Gas equipment of domestic manufacturers is not much different from foreign counterparts, but at a much lower cost. In addition, in the case of repairs, spare parts of domestic manufacturers are always available.

Conclusion

Providing housing with heat is a top priority for the owner of a country house. But for this, all calculations should be done at the design stage or the beginning of the construction of the building itself. After all, heating a house may require a separate room for installing a floor-standing gas boiler.

There are quite a few pitfalls in the design of the heating system, which only a specialist can deal with. One of the nuances is the connection of gas equipment to main pipeline. Proper calculation and installation of the entire heating system will be the key to a comfortable and safe living outside the city.

Gas floor boilers belong to the type of special products that have not undergone major changes for many decades. No, of course, technological progress has not left this production area without attention. Modern heating equipment is produced using innovative technologies. But all the improvements are aimed at some functional improvements, but there is no need to talk about cardinal and fundamental changes. In a word, a floor-standing gas boiler is a unique invention of engineering. No one will argue with the fact that almost 50% of all heating appliances sold on the market are gas-fired boilers. Despite multiple crisis moments, gas is by far the cheapest fuel.

1. Ease of operation - no need for maintenance and constant monitoring.
2. High efficiency with relatively cheap fuel.
3. Ability to heat a large house.

disadvantages

1. Installation requires obtaining a large number of permits from various authorities.
2. Before operation, you need to build a chimney.
3. Installation is allowed in a well-ventilated area.
4. You can not install close to the wall or between 2 walls, because for normal burning of the wick, and even more so of the burner, a constant supply of oxygen is needed.

Design features of heat exchangers

The heat exchanger in a floor boiler is usually made of steel or cast iron. As to which of these two materials is better, there is constant debate, but an unambiguous position has not yet been developed.

Cast iron heat exchanger

On the one hand, a cast iron product is less susceptible to corrosion processes, and in addition, such a heat exchanger has thicker walls, which will allow it to operate more a long period time. On the other hand, the cast iron heat exchanger has certain disadvantages.

For example, it is more brittle, therefore, during transportation and loading and unloading, there is a risk of microcracks. In addition, during the operation of a boiler with a cast-iron heat exchanger, due to the use of water with increased hardness, structural deformation of this element is observed over time. Similar situation occurs due to local overheating.

Steel heat exchanger

Floor-standing gas heating boilers with steel heat exchangers are relatively lighter and are impact-resistant during transportation. But improper operation can provoke corrosion of this element. Although, on the other hand, organizing the normal working conditions of a steel boiler is not such an impossible task. It is very important to observe the correct temperature regime, that is, the temperature in the boiler should not fall below the “dew point”. Thus, the service life of the unit is highly dependent on the design engineer.

Note! Practical experience shows that successful time-tested modifications last a very long time. When choosing this element of the heating system, you need to carefully study consumer reviews.

Floor standing gas heating boilers are usually used to heat a large building

Classification by burner type

The floor gas heating boiler can belong to one of two types:

• atmospheric boiler;
• a boiler with a pressurized burner (often in relation to such a model, the terms can be used: replaceable, mounted, fan).

Atmospheric boilers are structurally simpler, emit little noise and are cheaper. Variations with forced draft burners differ more high efficiency and due to a special burner they are much more expensive.

Important! The forced draft boiler can be operated with either gas or liquid fuel.

Atmospheric burner included as standard heating boiler, and accordingly its cost is included in the total price of the unit. The forced draft burner is in most cases sold separately, thus increasing the overall cost of the boiler.

Function parameters

Boilers with atmospheric burners produce power in the range from 10 to 80 kW, although units with higher power have recently appeared on the heating equipment market. Equipment with replaceable inflatable burners are capable of reaching a power equal to several thousand kW.

Such a variety is very beneficial for consumers, because everyone has the opportunity to choose the boiler option in accordance with their needs. It is quite obvious that the heating of a small country cottage and a huge building with several floors require the use of boilers of various capacities.

Internal structure floor gas boiler - view without cover

To work in our living conditions, the question of having another technical parameter- dependence of the boiler automation on the power supply. Unfortunately, we have to state the fact that power outages are observed in many regions.

For this reason, if by the will of fate you were “lucky” to live in such an area, then when organizing a heating system in own house it is worth giving preference to a model that functions regardless of the presence of a power source. Although, frankly speaking, heating equipment of this type is supplied to the market in the vast majority of Russian manufacturers. Western competitors, on the other hand, are not aware of interruptions in the supply of electricity, therefore their products are as automated as possible and require a power source.

It is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that a gas floor heating boiler can be:

• single-stage - works at a certain power level;
• two-stage - characterized by two power levels;
• with modulation - it is distinguished by smooth power control.

Since the boiler is used at full capacity no more than 15-20% of the total time heating season. And accordingly, 80-85% of the time, full power is unclaimed.

Note! Based on experience practical application, it is more expedient and economical to use a boiler with 2 power levels or with the possibility of its modulation.

The main advantages of 2-level boilers and boilers with modulation are:

• a relatively long service life of the boiler, which is ensured by reducing the frequency of switching off and on the burner;
• quantity minimization flue gases and other harmful emissions into the atmosphere;
• expanding the possibility of using in conjunction with additional equipment(boilers of various capacities).

Single or double sided option?

The single-circuit floor-standing gas boiler is structurally simpler and cheaper. However, it is only suitable for space heating. It is not possible to solve the issue of hot water supply with its help. In this case, it becomes necessary to purchase an electric water heater.

The floor-mounted double-circuit gas boiler is equipped with two heat exchangers, thanks to which it ensures the functioning of the heating system of the building, and at the same time heats the water. In the vast majority of cases, floor-standing double-circuit gas boilers on the market are created on the principle of hot water dominance. That is, when the hot water flow is turned on, the heating medium is not heated. If there is a need to level such temperature fluctuations of the coolant, then a heat accumulator is installed.

Natural or forced circulation?

Heat carrier in boilers with natural circulation after heating under the influence of a density difference, it spontaneously goes to heating radiators. The installation of such equipment will definitely cost more, since the process will require the installation of large-section pipes, which in some cases is very problematic in terms of creating the intended interior. Units with forced circulation means the supply of coolant using an electric pump. They consume 10-15% less gas and at the same time perfectly maintain the set temperature.

Open and closed combustion chambers

The type of chamber in some situations is decisive when choosing one or another heating equipment:

• The boiler, equipped with a closed combustion chamber, in the working process consumes air from the street, which is forced by a fan through a special pipe (coaxial chimney). Naturally, the operation of the fans makes it mandatory to use electrical energy during the operation of such a boiler.
• The boiler, which has an open combustion chamber, takes air from the room. Its draft does not depend on electricity, but the emphasis must be on providing excellent ventilation in the room where it is installed. Ease of operation provides a relatively low cost of such a unit.

The internal structure of the boiler with an atmospheric burner

Regardless of the type or class of the boiler, it is more powerful than the hinged model, which means it has large overall dimensions. Ideally, when building a house, even at the stage of driving the foundation and performing masonry works it is worth allocating a room in the basement for installing a gas floor heating boiler.

For owners of private houses decision on the choice of heating system option is essential to create comfortable conditions and comfort in the home. There are many heating systems, such as electric heating devices, liquid, solid fuel or gas boilers and still exotic systems - heat pumps and solar collectors. According to statistics, more than 50% of all heating units work for natural gas. One of the most popular heating devices is a gas single-circuit floor boiler, which is designed only for heating homes.

The standard heating scheme - gas, burning in a special chamber, heats the water in the boiler heat exchanger.

Gas-fired units are divided into two groups - gas floor single-circuit boilers and double-circuit heating devices.

Hot water moves through the piping system to the radiators and through them gives off heat to the surrounding air. The cooled coolant (water) is returned through the return pipeline to the boiler for subsequent heating. In some systems, water moves under the influence of gravity (gravity systems), and in most circuits of closed systems, it is installed.

Recently, the popularity of the heating system - warm floors. Instead of pipelines and radiators, heating circuits made of plastic pipes installed under flooring. Properly installed and carefully calculated heating with underfloor heating is successfully used as the main one.

For it is possible to apply both a gas single-circuit floor heating boiler and other types of heating units. The supply of hot coolant to the underfloor heating circuits must be carried out through a collector unit with a mixer. Gas boilers and devices for heating systems, including single-circuit appliances, are classified according to many criteria.

Classification of gas equipment:

Floor gas single-circuit boiler

There is an erroneous opinion that only a double-circuit boiler can provide a house with hot water. The second circuit, in most units, is a simple flow device with low productivity. But if there is a need for a significant amount of hot water in the house, then the flow circuit will not be able to provide it. The industry has long mastered gas floor single-circuit boilers with a built-in boiler that accumulates hot water in a container of about 100 liters, which in most cases is enough for the needs of a family.

The second option for using a single-circuit boiler for supplying hot water in a significant amount is to install an indirect heating boiler. When selling, gas single-circuit floor heating boilers are not equipped with either a boiler or connection devices, therefore, if necessary, they are purchased separately.

Features of the placement of floor boilers

Floor gas boilers are available with capacities ranging from 10 to 100 kW. The most powerful boilers are able to provide heat to a house or production room area up to 1000 m2. Requirements for the placement of floor heating units are quite stringent. Their installation requires separate room equipped with a chimney. The room must have ventilation and a separate exit. The height of the chimney must exceed the height of the roof ridge by 50 centimeters.

Cast iron or steel heat exchanger, which is better?

When choosing a boiler, you need to find out what type of heat exchanger it is equipped with, because the service life and price of a gas single-circuit floor boiler will depend on this parameter. Steel is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen, especially when high temperatures, and the heat exchanger gradually burns out. The service life of a steel heat exchanger does not exceed 20 years. The cast-iron heat exchanger practically does not oxidize, and its service life exceeds 50 years.

The cast iron heat exchanger also has some disadvantages:

Stainless steel heat exchangers

Some manufacturers of heating equipment, in order to increase the service life of their products, manufacture heat exchangers from of stainless steel. The use of stainless steel leads to an increase in the price of household gas floor single-circuit heating boilers, which, apparently, is not always justified. After all, the service life depends on the thickness of the material, so if the thickness is small, then even in the absence of corrosion, the heat exchanger will burn out, that is, it is unlikely that a stainless steel heat exchanger will work longer than a steel one. The addition of special alloying additives to steel for the manufacture of heat exchangers made it possible to increase the resistance to corrosion, as well as to burnout under the action of a burner flame.

Burners for gas single-circuit boilers

In floor gas boilers, two types of burners are used - atmospheric and pressurized or turbocharged (fan) burner. The simplest of these is an atmospheric burner, it is sold complete with a boiler and installation equipment. The burner uses the air in the room to operate. The main disadvantage of an atmospheric burner is the dependence of the height and intensity of the flame on the pressure in the gas line.

Turbocharged gas burner

Turbocharged (inflatable) gas burners are not included in the set of gas equipment and are purchased separately. Such burners have unique properties - they can work on various types fuel - natural gas, bottled gas (liquefied), diesel fuel and fuel oil.

The forced draft burner uses a fan that generates little noise.

With pressure drops in gas lines, turbocharged burners compensate for them. There are one- and two-stage burners with flame modulation function. In this case, the burner automatically adjusts the power of the flame depending on the temperature of the water in the heat exchanger.

Gravity system for single-circuit boilers

If the region has an unreliable electrical network, then a gas single-circuit floor-standing non-volatile boiler connected to a circuit mounted according to an open gravity system is perfect for organizing home heating. As a heat carrier in such a system, water is used, which, when heated, rises into the open and creates hydraulic pressure for the movement of fluid along the heating circuit. The disadvantage of such a system is that it cannot be used for heating large areas due to low pressure in the system and high inertia. The maximum size of pipelines at which the system is still working is up to 40-45 meters.

Forced coolant circulation

Many models of single-circuit floor-standing boilers are equipped with a built-in circulation pump, which ensures the movement of the coolant along the heating system circuit at the desired speed. Such a heating scheme is volatile and needs a constant supply of electrical network 220 to 50 Hz. Forced movement of the coolant is most often used in closed systems with sealed .

Overview of some popular heating boilers

Kharkiv enterprise "Mayak" is one of the leading Ukrainian manufacturers household appliances. The plant produces a parapet gas boiler Mayak and a chimney boiler Mayak of various modifications. The units are produced in the power range from 10 to 25 kW, and their efficiency is not less than 90%. All coppers of this series are supplied with the Italian EUROSIT automatic equipment. The boiler equipment includes two burners - auxiliary and main from POLIDORO. The boiler is completely non-volatile.

A very interesting line of models of floor single-circuit boilers AOGV. If your home needs hot water in large numbers, then you can buy a gas single-circuit floor-standing boiler AOGV, which provides not only heating the house, but also the supply of hot water to the hot water system. Models are available with capacities from 10 to 25 kW, they are equipped with a reliable gas automation from Italy - EUROSIT and HOEYWELL. In the AOGV series models, a slotted torch burner from the POLIDORO company is used, and protection, adjustment and control devices from the T&G company.

The single-circuit floor gas boiler Ochag KSG 10 has a thermal power of 10 kW. This model uses an open combustion chamber and a slot burner. The boiler is non-volatile with Italian automation. The efficiency of the unit reaches 90%. Detailed instructions for the gas boiler hearth KSG 10 are attached to the heater upon purchase.

When buying boilers from European manufacturers, a considerable part of the costs goes to pay for brands. The production technology of domestic manufacturers is well developed, their heating boilers differ little in their characteristics from imported models. But the prices for floor gas single-circuit heating boilers - reviews on the network confirm this, much lower. Often the price plays a decisive role for the purchase of a heating unit. Therefore, it is very important to buy and use products that are produced at our enterprises to revive the economy of the whole country.

- this is a way out for residents of those areas where the power supply is unstable. Unfortunately and to date there are such "bearish corners" where electricity is cut off very often. This is especially unpleasant in the cold season in homes where heating is tied to electricity.

Approximate size of non-volatile gas heating boilers

There is also such a problem as a mismatch between the voltage in a given area or a particular house with the required one. Sometimes such interruptions can last up to one week or even more. Under such conditions, it becomes necessary to abandon the heating systems, which require electricity, and switch to the use of non-volatile boilers.

Having foreseen all the pros and cons, you can choose one of the appliances that run on other fuels, such as coal, wood, peat, etc. Well, and if there is gas supply to the house, then there will be no problems with heating the house. There are many models of boilers on sale that can operate not only on gas, but also on solid fuels - they are called combined.

Combined heaters have one design - this is a floor version. They can be single-circuit and double-circuit. The former are intended only for heating, the latter will cope with both heating and water heating for the needs of residents.

Floor scheme - boiler Lamborghini WBL 5

Combined options are heavy, as some of their elements are made of heavy alloys of cast iron or steel. In this regard, they are not available in a hanging version.

Another option for heating devices are boilers that operate only on gaseous fuels. They can be performed both in hanging and in floor version, and also have a single-loop and two-loop scheme.

Video - the principle of operation of the burner of a gas non-volatile boiler

How to approach the problem of choice?

An important note - such boilers should “be able” to work in heating systems with both forced and natural movement of the coolant, which is used as water (preferably purified), or antifreeze - coolant for domestic needs.

• Natural circulation is the movement of the coolant along the circuit under the influence of gravitational forces arising from heating the water and replacing it with cold water, due to the difference in density and the correctly planned slope of the pipes of the heating system.

• The forced movement of the coolant occurs with the help of a pump installed in the system, which creates more intense pressure in the circuit. Under such conditions, the system warms up faster, thereby saving gas. But such heating is possible only with the constant availability of electricity.

What is the conclusion - when purchasing a boiler in an area with an unstable supply of electricity, you need to choose a unit that will be effective with natural circulation.

• When choosing a gas appliance, it is necessary to take into account the pressure with which gas is supplied in Russian gas pipelines. Usually it is 1.270 MPa. The passport attached to the heating device must indicate the permissible gas pressure for this particular unit.
• If the boiler was purchased earlier and is designed only for heating with solid fuel, then in some models it is possible to replace the igniter and install a burner to convert it to gas.
• Non-volatile heating devices are reliable, simple and easy to manage. Subject to all safety measures during installation and operation, gas boilers are quite safe. In addition, they are equipped with automation, which is triggered when the gas supply is completed or the flame disappears, completely turning off the entire device.
• There is a wide range of models of domestic and foreign production on the market. The latter are considered more economical, since they have automatic devices capable of controlling the intensity of combustion. Domestic devices are no less reliable, but also more affordable price and they are better adapted to local conditions and parameters.
• The boiler must be equipped with a thermostat, with which you can adjust the heating temperature of the coolant. When it cools below the set temperature, the boiler automatically turns on the heating.

• In some areas, with the onset of winter and a decrease in air temperature, the pressure in the gas supply system also decreases. This nuance must also be taken into account when choosing a model for heating a house, and buying the option that will work smoothly both at normal and at reduced pressure. Subject to these conditions, the boiler will operate smoothly at any time of the year, but, knowing the peculiarities of the local gas supply system, it is necessary to control the operation of the boiler from time to time in winter in order to prevent the heating system from freezing.

Unit installation

The installation of non-volatile heating units is carried out according to a specially drawn up plan, which is agreed with the controlling fire and gas supply organizations. It is very important to create the necessary conditions for normal operation of the device:

• maintain a positive temperature in the boiler room;
• follow fire fighting instructions when installing. combustible material walls must be insulated non-flammable materials, such as asbestos or metal sheets;
• if the boiler is installed independently, it is necessary to start it for the first time in the presence of a specialist who will check the correct installation and operation of the device .

AT project plan installation of the boiler also includes a chimney system. She must match established standards, which are developed by design organizations, depending on the power of the heater. Chimney must be individual for each heating device or have a section that allows you to drain required amount from two or three devices.

According to the standards, the chimney, which is brought out through the roof and located one and a half meters from the ridge horizontally, must rise in height by at least half a meter. If it is removed through the roof at a distance of one and a half to three meters horizontally, it is raised at least to the height of the ridge.

When building a chimney, you also need to know that it should not have more than three turns, but it is better if it is perfectly straight. But, in any case, its total height in a straight line should not be less than five meters. From above, the chimney is covered with a special fungus made of metal; it will close the pipe opening from moisture and dirt.

Another version of the chimney is coaxial, it is not suitable for all types of heating boilers and a specialist recommendation is needed to install it.

Such a chimney does not require high altitude and settles into the wall. Its installation will cost much less and will not be difficult. But it should be noted that, without forced electrical air circulation, it may not create the necessary traction, so the boiler will spontaneously turn off more often than with a traditional pipe. Another disadvantage is the formation of condensate inside the coaxial chimney.

Boiler models

For example, it is worth considering several models of boilers that are popular due to their functionality and convenience.

Gas boiler Viadrus G36 (BM)

This model is available in various capacities. To determine which one is suitable for a particular heating system, you need to familiarize yourself with the technical characteristics.

Model	Power min/max kW	Fuel consumption min/max. cubic meters/h	Coolant volume	Boiler size (width, depth, height) mm	Boiler weight kg	Chimney diameter mm
	12/17	1,39/ 1,98	9,2	485/ 733/ 935	100	110
	18/26	2,07/ 2,95	11,4	485/ 733/ 935	130
	27/34	3,14/ 3,92	13,6	570/ 733/ 935
	41/35	4,04/ 4,73	15,8	740/ 773/ 935
G3649	42/49	4,84/ 5,61	18,0	740/ 773/ 935	201

• Viadrus G36 is exactly the boiler that does not depend on the supply of electricity to the building. It has an atmospheric steel burner.
• For the smooth functioning of the gas valve, a thermoelement is built into the boiler, and it is able to create right amount electricity. Also, the device has a sensor that protects against traction overturning.
• This type of boiler is adapted for local conditions and works great, heating the coolant from 45 degrees and above.
• If it is necessary to connect a pump to this model of boilers to increase the pressure of the coolant, but you are afraid of interruptions in the power supply, you can have additional uninterruptible power supplies at home.
• For Viadrus G36 boilers, a coaxial chimney is well suited if it is not possible to arrange a traditional one for gas boilers.
• The positive quality of this unit can be considered the possibility of connecting an indirect heating boiler to it.
• When choosing a boiler, you need to stop at an option whose power is 15 percent more than required.

Gas boiler Protherm Bear TLO

Another proposed option for non-volatile boilers is Protherm TLO bear. Its characteristics also deserve attention.

Model	Power max.kW	Fuel consumption m3/h	Working t. max.	Coolant volume, l	Size (width, depth, height), mm	Weight, kg	Chimney diameter, mm
Bear 20 TLO	18	1,9	85	10,5	420/ 671/ 880	92	130
Bear 30 TLO	27	3,0	85	14,0	505/ 671/ 880
Bear 40 TLO	35	4,0	85	18,0	590/ 671/ 880	140

To positive characteristics These boilers also include the following qualities:

• work in systems with open movement of the coolant;
• have piezo ignition;
• open combustion chamber;
• the heat exchanger is made of cast iron;
• The efficiency is 87-92%;
• burner made of stainless steel;
• power is regulated in one step;
• has a winter-summer regime;
• automatic control carried out by a microprocessor;
• chimney draft is controlled;
• a heat exchanger made of cast iron is protected from condensation;
• overheating protection;
• flame intensity control;
• constant control of temperature and pressure of the heat carrier;
• operates on liquefied or main gas;
• the cooling circuit does not allow the coolant to heat up above 100-110 degrees.

Thanks to all these qualities, the operation of the boiler is not difficult even for a beginner. Relatively compact size high efficiency work, as well as a neat design are also important, especially if the boiler is installed in the kitchen or bathroom.