How to make a heat pump with your own hands. DIY heat pump. D. Taking heat from the air

Heating with a heat pump is not only profitable, but also practical. In the context of a constant increase in energy prices, autonomous sources make it possible to provide a house with heat and significantly reduce electricity costs. In addition, the device is easily connected according to the principle double-circuit boiler to the water supply system and provides hot water.

Theoretical basis

Principle heat pump consists in the fact that the device pumps heat from one place and transfers it to another, i.e. uses geothermal physical laws. If we consider the principle of operation of a heat pump as simply as possible, then it is a system of pipes in which a non-freezing liquid flows. It is heated by external heat sources, then moves to the pump, gives off heat to the heating system and returns back to the thermal source.

There are two large groups of such equipment:

  • industrial heat pumps;
  • domestic heat pumps.

Heat pump operation industrial type is based on the intake of heat from the earth. To do this, wells are drilled to a depth of several kilometers, in which metal spirals are installed. Through them, heat is transferred to the thermal circuit to which the heat pump is connected. This method is the most efficient because it has the highest level efficiency. However, the cost of installing the equipment reaches 10-15 thousand US dollars. This circumstance has contributed to the emergence household pumps, less effective, but also cheaper.

Household heat pump device

The thermal action pump consists of three main parts:

  • ground contour;
  • freon circuit;
  • heating circuit.

The ground contour is the simplest part of the design. It is a system of pipes installed in the ground or a reservoir, in which non-freezing brine circulates. Its temperature ranges from -3 to -5 degrees Celsius. The fundamental difference in temperature regime no, because the brine can only warm up to zero due to external heat sources.

This temperature is enough to boil freon, which passes into a gaseous state already at a temperature of -2. Next, the freon vapor is transferred to the compressor, which builds up pressure and liquefies the refrigerant. In this state, the temperature of freon rises to +100 degrees.

Further, boiling water is transferred to the heating system, heats the water in the radiators, cools down and returns back to the freon circuit. Thus, the consumption of electricity occurs only for the operation of the compressor. Given that its power rarely exceeds 1 kW, it should be said that a heat pump is similar to a boiler in terms of electricity consumption, but unlike it, it can not only heat water, but also heat the whole house.

Types of domestic heat pumps

It is customary to distinguish three types of thermal equipment:

  • open loop;
  • with a closed cycle and hydroexchanger;
  • with a closed cycle and a horizontal exchanger.

The open circuit assumes that the heat exchanger is connected to a groundwater source. When using a pump, this method allows you to provide the house not only with water, but also with heat.

In a closed cycle with a hydroexchanger, the coolant is installed in a closed reservoir. Brine pipes do not have direct contact with water, heat is transferred through the body. Relevant for houses with ponds or near rivers.

The horizontal heat exchanger is a simplified version of an industrial heat pump. Pipes are installed at a depth of only a few meters, but this is enough for high-quality heating of 80-100 square meters. m. If the system has circulation pump, then the depth is increased to 250-300 m. Considering that the temperature below will be about 15-18 degrees, the efficiency of the heat pump will increase significantly. But it should be borne in mind that the cost of electricity will also be higher, since the circulation pump operates exclusively from the network.

Heat pump diagram

To date, there are two most common designs:

  • condenser;
  • on Peltier plates.

To begin with, consider the principle of operation of a heat pump based on electrodynamics. It consists of:

  • plates with coatings differing in different levels of electron energy;
  • power wires;
  • heat condenser;
  • power supply alternating current from 12 V.

The heat pump system works very simply. Under the influence of current, one of the plates heats up, the second cools, when the polarity changes, cold and hot side are changing. On both sides of the plates are condensers that accumulate heat and transfer it to the heating system.

With obvious advantages, such as:

  • noiselessness;
  • ease of installation;
  • small dimensions.

There is one significant drawback - a very low efficiency. To combat this problem, it is necessary to increase the area of ​​​​the plates, and this, in turn, will lead to more high costs electricity. Given the fact that in our country this is not a cheap pleasure, it is more efficient to use a standard condensing heat pump.

DIY turnkey heat pump

To assemble a heat pump you will need:

  • water pipes;
  • metal-plastic pipes for heating;
  • compressor;
  • capacity for expansion tank;
  • capacity for the capacitor;
  • brine;
  • freon;
  • source of power;
  • freon tank.

At the first stage, you will need to assemble the heat exchange circuit:

1. Determine the thermal source: land or water.

2. We bring pipes to the thermal source.

3. We connect the heat pipe to expansion tank with freon.

At the second stage, we assemble the circulation system:

1. We connect the freon tank to the compressor; for this, the gas outlet must be located at the very top of the expansion tank.

2. We connect a high pressure pipe to the compressor.

3. We connect the compressor and the condenser with a pipe, which must be separated by a throttle.

4. From the condenser we make a return tap to the compressor and expansion tank.

The final stage - heating connection:

1. A coolant must be connected to the condenser, usually water.

2. From the tank with the coolant, make the distribution of pipes for heating.

3. Connect radiators.

Important: reviewed simplest system building a heat pump. For normal operation, you will need additional installation circulation pump, which will ensure the movement of water in the system.

The heat pump, the installation of which is described above, can be additionally upgraded with a water booster pump. This is relevant if there are many groundwater. In this case, the system will need to be reworked:

1. The injection pipe must be coiled under the freon tank.

2. During the operation of the pump, water will rise through this pipe, which should flow into the distribution tank.

3. It makes sense to install a tee from the tank, separately for heating, separately for water supply at home.

Important: it is understood that the tank will serve as a container for the coolant, so its size must be proportional to the pump power.

Heat pump: efficiency calculation

According to many experts, the efficiency of heat pumps is 2-3 times higher than that of gas boilers. If we take the cost of energy resources, then there are no objections. But it is still worth checking the real possibilities of this invention.

To calculate the thermal energy that is needed to heat 1 cubic meter. m of water, we use the standard formula in physics:

  • c is specific heat substances;
  • m - mass; calculated by the formula - m=p*V, where p is the density of the substance, V is the volume;
  • t2 - desired temperature;
  • t1 - coolant temperature.

Substitute specific values ​​under the formula:

  • Q=4183*1000 (1 cubic meter)*(60-10);
  • Q=209.15 mJ, which is approximately equal to 58.6 kW/h.

As can be seen from the calculation, the power of the heat pump for efficient space heating should be about 60 kW / h, provided that 1 cubic meter circulates in the system. m. of water.

Now let's calculate the real power indicators for freon. In order not to delve too deeply into mathematics, we will make a simple but visual equation:

  • 209150000=2010*х*100;
  • x=209150000/2010/100;
  • x=1040.55.

In this calculation, x is the mass. You need to know the volume:

  • V=m/p;
  • V=1040.55/196.2;
  • V=5.3 cu. m. of gas or 1.2 cubic meters. m. liquid.

As can be seen from the calculations, for normal heating of the room, 5.3 cubic meters will be needed. m. a pair of freon. The value is rather arbitrary, since it depends on the temperature, pressure in the system, the quality of freon and many other indicators. However, in this calculation, we proceed from the reference values, without taking into account the factors environment. The exact indicator is calculated according to the Clapeyron-Mendeleev equation.

Despite the conventionality of the calculations, it is clear that in order to ensure the temperature of the coolant at the standard 60 degrees, more freon will be needed than water in the system. It directly follows from this that a truly efficient heat pump must have sufficiently large dimensions, otherwise there will be a shortage of heat.

A definite solution will be the use of other refrigerants, for example, on an ammonia basis or their analogues, where the vapor temperature can be well above 100 degrees Celsius. Let's say if you heat up the steam to 200 degrees, the ratio will change by about ¾, in favor of the refrigerant.

The specific heat pump system depends on many factors and requires serious mathematical research, because without this, heating will not be efficient. For calculations, it is better to contact the experts, or consult with school teacher physics, since most of the formulas fall on the program of grades 8-9. Lead in the article concrete examples impractical, since it is impossible to generalize the formulas for each individual case.

Heating a house with a heat pump: price

Before you start looking for experts in the field of thermodynamics, you must independently perform a simple procedure - calculate the consumed electricity and the cost of manufacturing the pump.

Given the market value building materials, you will need to invest about 600-800 US dollars. In addition, you need to purchase a quality compressor. Replacement of heating is not taken into account, as it depends on specific wishes. For example, one aluminum radiator for 10 sections will cost $ 80-150.

But this is a one-time investment. Electricity costs are calculated depending on the compressor power:

  • multiply the rated power by the operating time;
  • rated power - compressor power;
  • operating time - the period that the device consumes electricity.

Thus, a compressor with a power of 1 kW will wind up 12 kW of electricity in 12 hours of continuous operation.

If we assume that the compressor is running almost constantly, the daily consumption will be about 20 kW. For a month, you get a consumption of 600 kW. If we count according to the highest tariff for Moscow, it turns out 600 * 4.68 = 2748 rubles. For comparison, 1 cu. m of gas costs 3.87 rubles. With qualitative gas heating 600 cu. m. is enough for 2-3 months.

Considering that most compressors have a power of more than 2 kW, the efficiency of heating is called into question. The solution to the problem is independent sources of electricity.

Based on the foregoing, the installation of a heat pump remains controversial issue. Subject to certain conditions, it certainly pays off, and quickly enough. On the other hand, high-quality performance will require large financial costs and the installation of additional equipment.

good alternative traditional heating country house, especially if it is not possible to supply gas, a heat pump may appear. The action of such a pump is based on the use of the latest scientific developments in the field of using various alternative sources energy. The required heat is obtained by extraction from the earth, air and water.

In Russia, heat pumps are still a novelty, but in other developed countries they have been produced and successfully used for more than thirty years. In our market, low demand can be explained by two main reasons:

  • ignorance by the population of the principles of operation and properties of heat pumps due to the almost complete absence of information about this in the means mass media and print;
  • high cost of heat pumps.

Before you make a heat pump with your own hands, you need to dwell on two points: what kind of unit is it and what are the principles of operation of such a pump.

A heat pump is a machine that, by absorbing low-potential thermal energy from the environment (ground, air, water), can transfer it to heat supply systems in the form of heated air or water. Freon is the working medium for heat transfer.

In practice, a heat pump is a refrigerator with a reverse action, instead of cold, heat is generated. Electricity is spent only to move freon along the internal circuit of the pump, so the cost of it is relatively small.

The whole system works like a boiler when heating, and like an air conditioner when cooling.

Operating principle


Note! Allocated in summer time heat can be successfully used to heat the pool.

Manufacturing

A heat pump can be made from commercially available parts or by purchasing cheap used parts. The installation procedure is as follows:

  1. We purchase a ready-made compressor in specialized stores or use a compressor from a conventional air conditioner. We fix it to the wall where our installation will be located. Reliability of fastening is ensured by two L-300 brackets.
  2. We make a capacitor. For this from of stainless steel cut a tank with a volume of about one hundred liters in half. We install a coil made of thin copper tube with a wall thickness of at least 1 mm. For the coil, you can purchase a plumbing tube or use a copper tube from an old refrigerator. We make the coil as follows:
    1. to oxygen or gas bottle a copper tube is wound, it is important to maintain a small distance between the turns, which should be the same;
    2. to fix the position of the turns of the tube, we take two perforated aluminum corners and attach them to the coil in such a way that each turn of our tube is located opposite the hole in the corner. The corners will ensure the same spacing of the coils and will give the geometric invariability of the entire coil structure.
  3. After installing the coil, we weld the halves of the tank together, having previously welded the necessary threaded connections.
  4. We make an evaporator. We take the usual closed plastic container with a volume of 60 or 80 liters. We will mount a coil from a tube with a diameter of ¾ inch and threaded connections for drain pipes and water inflows into it (ordinary water pipes are allowed). We also fix the finished evaporator on the wall using L-brackets of the required size.
  5. We invite craftsmen to assemble the system, weld copper pipes and pump freon. Having no experience with refrigeration equipment, do not try to do this work yourself. This can lead to failure of the entire structure and is fraught with serious injury.

After the main part of our system is ready, it is necessary to connect it to the heat distribution and intake devices.

The assembly of the heat extraction installation depends on the type of pump and the heat source.

Video

The following video details the features of heat pumps:

More about the device homemade pump in the video below:

A photo

Unlike these devices alternative energy, as solar battery and wind generator, heat pump is less known. And in vain. The most common "soil-water" scheme works stably and does not depend on the weather or climatic features. And you can make it yourself.

A bit of theory

It is easiest to use the natural heat of the earth to heat your home if there are geothermal waters in the region (as they do in Iceland). But such conditions are very rare.

And at the same time thermal energy is everywhere - you just need to extract it and make it work. This is what a heat pump is for. What does it do:

  • takes energy from low-temperature natural sources;
  • accumulates it, that is, raises the temperature to high values;
  • gives it to the coolant of the heating system.

Basically, it is used standard scheme compressor refrigerator, but "vice versa". Natural coolant circulates in the primary circuit. It is closed to a heat exchanger that acts as an evaporator for the second circuit.

1 - earth; 2 - brine circulation; 3 - circulation pump; 4 - evaporator; 5 - compressor; 6 - capacitor; 7 - heating system; 8 - refrigerant; 9 - throttle

The second circuit is the heat pump itself, inside of which there is freon. The heat pump cycle consists of the following steps:

  1. In the evaporator, freon is heated to the boiling point. It depends on the type of freon and the pressure in this part of the system (usually up to 5 atmospheres).
  2. In a gaseous state, freon enters the compressor and is compressed to 25 atmospheres, while its temperature rises (the greater the compression, the higher the temperature). This is the phase of heat accumulation - from a large volume with a low temperature, a transition to a small volume with a high temperature.
  3. The pressurized gas enters the condenser, in which heat is transferred to the heat carrier of the heating system.
  4. After cooling, freon enters the throttle (aka flow regulator or expansion valve). In it, the pressure drops, freon condenses and returns to the evaporator as a liquid.

Where is the best place to "take away" heat

In principle, there are three environments from which heat can be “taken away”:

1. Air. At normal pressure, all types of freons boil at negative temperatures(e.g. R22 approx. -25 °C, R404 and R502 approx. -30 °C). But for circulation in the system, it is necessary to create excess pressure already in the first phase - evaporation. The same 4 atmospheres in the evaporator requires that the outdoor air temperature be at least 0 °C for R22 and -5 °C for R404 and R502. In our regions, this type of heat pump can be used for heating in the off-season and for hot water in the warm season.

2. Water. This is a more stable source of heat, provided that the reservoir does not freeze to the bottom in winter. But the house should not just be located next to a lake or river, but be on the first line.

3. Earth. The most stable source of thermal energy. You can use two schemes - horizontal and vertical. Horizontal seems easier themes that does not require drilling. But you have to do a lot earthworks for digging a system of trenches to a depth below the level of soil freezing (for middle latitudes, it ranges from 1 meter in the west of the European part of the country and up to 1.6-1.8 closer to the Urals, in Siberia the situation is “even worse.” The vertical scheme is more universal and effective, but requires drilling to a considerable depth.Although several can be used shallow wells instead of one deep.

circuit diagram

The heat pump circuit itself is simple: evaporator - compressor - condenser - throttle - evaporator.

The “heart” of the circuit is the compressor. You can buy a new one, but it's cheaper to find a used one. Naturally, we are not talking about low-power compressors. domestic refrigerators, but about models installed in split systems. It is necessary to focus not on the power consumption, but on the power in heating mode (which is 5-20% higher than in cooling mode).

The compressor model is selected according to the ratio of 1 kW per 10 square meters. meters of heated area.

Attention! Power can be indicated not only in kW, but also in BTU (English unit of measure for thermal energy, adopted for climate technology). Recalculation is easy to do - divide the value in BTU by 3.4.

When calculating the parameters of the heat pump, including heat exchangers, use software, intended for modeling, calculations and optimization of cooling systems, for example, CoolPack

Already at the stage of calculations (more precisely, when setting the "introductory"), you can optimize the system by choosing the optimal thermal conditions.

The use of a heat pump is effective for low-temperature heating systems, for example, for underfloor heating with a temperature not exceeding 35-40 °C. By the way, the same temperature is recommended for medical requirements for the DHW system.

For each type of freon there is optimal temperatures"input" and "output", more precisely, boiling and condensation, but the difference in all of them is no more than 45-50 ° C.

It would seem that increasing the temperature at the outlet of the heat pump will have a positive effect, but this is not so. The temperature difference will also increase, which will lead to a decrease in COP (coefficient of conversion, or efficiency of a heat engine). In addition, this would require the use of more powerful compressor and additional expense electricity.

The ideal COP cannot be achieved (losses in the compressor, power consumption, heat losses during transportation within the system, etc.), so real values usually lie between 3 and 5.

There is another way to increase efficiency - the use of a bivalent heating scheme.

In reality, the operation of the heating system at full capacity is needed only for 15-20% of the entire season. During this time, additional heating devices(e.g. ceramic heater or convector). Reducing the design heat output by up to 80% will save on the compressor, reduce the depth of the well or the length of the pipes horizontal scheme, reduce energy consumption for servicing the heat pump itself.

The design of a horizontal or vertical ground heat exchanger depends on the given nominal power of the heat pump and the COP. On average, 20 W are removed from each meter of the "horizon" (with a pipe laying step of at least 0.7 m), and from the "vertical" - 50 W. But specific values ​​​​depend on the type of rock and its moisture content. Best y values ground water.

Interesting! There are other ground heat exchangers - "spiral" or "basket". In fact, this is a vertical probe from a pipe in the form of a spiral, which allows to reduce the depth of drilling.

After determining the length of the horizontal loop or the depth of the vertical probe, the dimensions of the evaporator and condenser are calculated.

Manufacturing of the evaporator and condenser

You can buy ready-made heat exchangers for both the evaporator (for low pressure) and for the condenser (with pressure up to 25 bar). But it is cheaper to make them from a copper tube for air conditioners (which is designed specifically to work with refrigerants at high pressure) and improvised containers.

Important! Plumbing copper pipe is not as "clean" and flexible. It is worse to solder and roll during installation.

The surface area of ​​the heat exchanger is calculated, which is directly proportional to the heat release power and inversely proportional to the temperature difference of the heat carriers at the inlet and outlet of each connected circuit (ground and heating systems).

Knowing the pipe diameter and surface area, determine the length of each coil for the evaporator and condenser.

It is better to make a container for a condenser from stainless steel (the temperature of the incoming freon vapor can be quite high):

  • take a tank suitable capacity(to fit a spiral of copper tube);
  • place a coil in it (inlet at the top, outlet at the bottom);
  • bring out the ends of the copper tube for connection to the compressor and expansion valve (by soldering or flange);
  • make adapters in the tank for connecting pipes of the heating system;
  • seal the lid.

The evaporator runs on more than low temperatures, so you can take a cheaper one for it plastic container, into which adapters are cut for connection to the ground circuit. It also differs from the condenser in the location of the heat exchanger coil - the inlet (the liquid phase of freon from the expansion valve) is from below, the outlet to the compressor is from above.

Circuit mounting

After the manufacture of heat exchangers, the gas-hydraulic circuit is assembled:

  • install the compressor, condenser and evaporator in place;
  • soldered or flanged copper pipes;
  • connect the evaporator to the ground circuit pump;
  • connect the condenser to the heating system.

1 - circulation pump of the soil circuit; 2 - evaporator; 3 - exit of the soil circuit; 4 - thermostatic valve; 5 - compressor; 6 - to the heating system; 7 - capacitor; 8 - heating system return

The electrical circuit (compressor, ground loop pump, emergency automation) must be connected via a dedicated circuit, which must withstand fairly high starting currents.

Be sure to use the automatic protection, as well as emergency turn-off from the temperature switch: at the water outlet from the condenser (in case of overheating) and the outlet of the brine from the evaporator (in case of subcooling).

For the owners of private homes, the issue of heating the house is always acute. Central gas or water heating can be used, but other options can be explored. Such an alternative is a heat pump. You can save money with the help of an independent construction using old equipment.

Heat pumps are able to work from natural energy sources. The device generates heat without diesel or solid fuel.

When arranging the heating system leading role occupied by the heat pump. Its construction requires special attention.

The pump itself cannot generate heat, it simply transfers it into the house. This requires a small amount of electricity. It is enough to have a heat pump and an external energy source to heat the building. The pump works opposite to the refrigerator. The heat is taken from outside and sent to the room.

Heat pump diagram:

  1. The compressor is an intermediate element of the system;
  2. The evaporator is a low-potential energy transfer element;
  3. Throttle valve - freon moves through it to the evaporator;
  4. Condenser - in it the refrigerant is cooled and gives off its heat.

First, energy is released from natural sources and enters the evaporator. Further heat is transferred to freon. In the compressor, the refrigerant is high pressure and its temperature rises. Then the freon is sent to the condenser, where it returns heating system. The refrigerant returns to the evaporator where the process is repeated.

Homemade heat pump from the refrigerator: stages of creation

A heat pump is quite an expensive device. But if you wish, you can build a device with your own hands from an old refrigerator or air conditioner. The refrigeration device has in its system two parts necessary for the pump - a condenser and a compressor.

Steps for assembling a heat pump from a refrigerator:

  1. First, the capacitor is assembled. It looks like a wavy element. In the refrigerator, it is located at the back.
  2. The capacitor must be placed in strong frame, which retains heat well and tolerates the action of high temperatures. In certain cases, it is necessary to cut the container in order to install the capacitor without problems. At the end of the installation, the container is welded.
  3. The next step is to install the compressor. The unit must be in good condition.
  4. The function of the evaporator is performed by an ordinary plastic barrel.
  5. When everything is prepared, you should fasten the elements together. The heat exchanger is attached to the heating system with PVC pipes.

So it turns out a homemade heat pump. Freon must be pumped by a professional, as the liquid is not easy to work with. In addition, for its injection, you must have special equipment.

Heat pumps from the old household appliances great for heating small spaces economic purpose.

The refrigerator can act as a radiator. You will need to make two air vents that will ensure its circulation. One tap accepts cold air, the second - releases hot.

Types of heat pumps: the nuances of the freon-water heat exchanger

Heat pump controller and other elements of the water-water system

Pipes are placed in the nearest water in sufficient depth. It is important that the water does not freeze completely. The condenser is connected to the heating system of the house. The work itself has 4 stages.

Stages of operation of the water-to-water pump:

  1. The refrigerant takes heat from external source, heats up and boils;
  2. Freon in the form of gas enters the compressor, where it is compressed under pressure;
  3. Heat transfer to the heating system, the refrigerant again assumes a liquid state;
  4. Freon returns to its original positions and is ready to receive heat.

The main thing in this system is the compressor. Freon will not be able to condense on its own if the house heat. This will require high blood pressure, which is what this element does.

So the heat pump takes in external heat, adds its own, and also heats up in the compressor. The water source is cooled and the house is heated. The controller guarantees automatic operation. All data are marked on the pressure and temperature sensors.

How to make a heat pump with your own hands from an old refrigerator (video)

The heat pump has a simple principle of operation. Alteration of an existing split system requires special knowledge, but you can draw energy from natural sources. They can serve as a well, soil, reservoir, air.

Heat pumps make it possible to collect dissipated energy from surrounding nature: air, water and earth, accumulate and send it to heat the house. Energy is also used to heat water for washing or air conditioning in rooms. This makes it possible to save money by reducing the consumption of traditional heat sources: electricity, gas, firewood. In the article we will tell you how to make a heat pump with your own hands.

What is a geothermal pump

First you need to understand what a geothermal pump is, and on what principle it works, because it is he who is the heart of the entire device we are describing.

It's not a secret for anyone that above zero temperature is always maintained in the thickness of the earth. In the same state is the water under the ice. In this relatively warm environment, a closed pipeline with liquid is placed.

The scheme of operation of heat pumps is quite simple and is based on the inverse Carnot principle:

  1. The coolant, moving along the outer contour, is heated from the selected source and enters the evaporator.
  2. There he exchanges energy with the refrigerant (usually freon).
  3. Freon boils, goes into gaseous state and compressed by the compressor.
  4. Hot gas (it heats up in the range of 35–65 o C) enters another heat exchanger, in which it gives up its heat to the heating or hot water supply system of the house.
  5. The cooled refrigerant becomes liquid again and returns to a new circle.

Refrigerator pump

The main part of the system is the compressor. It is better to buy it ready-made in the store or use it from a refrigerator or air conditioner. All other components - evaporator, condenser, pipeline - can be assembled by yourself. Such an apparatus will consume energy only for compression and heat transfer, while generating 5 times more.

When using an old compressor, one must expect that its service life may be short and the system capacity will decrease. In addition, the power of a worn compressor may not be enough for the full operation of the system.

Some craftsmen went further and made a heat pump from a refrigerator, placing radiators inside it, heated by the heat of the earth. Positive temperature is constantly maintained inside, which makes the refrigerator work constantly, heating the radiator located behind it. Using a native radiator, they make a heat exchanger out of it (or make a home-made one), take away the heat generated by it.

The efficiency of such a heat pump is more suitable for demonstrating the operation of the device, since its efficiency is very low. In addition, the refrigerator is not designed for this mode of operation and can quickly fail.

Types of heat pumps

There are three types of pumps, depending on the heat source:

"soil-water"

"water-water"

"air-water"

Installation of the "soil-water" type uses the heat of the bowels. The temperature of the earth at horizons of more than 20 m always remains unchanged, therefore the pump can generate the necessary energy all year round. There are two mounting options:

  • vertical shaft;
  • horizontal manifold.

In the first case, a well is drilled with a depth of about 50–100 m and pipes with a circulating coolant, a special non-freezing liquid, are placed in it.

At a depth of 5 m, collectors are laid along which the coolant also moves. To heat a house with an area of ​​150 m 2, a plot of at least 250 m 2 is required, and it cannot be used for agricultural planting. Only decorative lawn and flower beds are allowed.

The water-to-water pump uses the energy of water from lakes, wells or wells. Some manage to extract heat even from drains. The main thing is that the filter does not clog and the metal does not collapse.

This type usually shows the most high efficiency, but it is not possible to install it on every suburban area, and the use of groundwater requires a permit. Such devices are more typical for industrial production.

The air-to-water design is less efficient than the first two, as output is greatly reduced in winter. On the other hand, during its installation it is not necessary to drill or dig anything. The unit is simply mounted on the roof of the house.

As already mentioned, it is preferable to buy a ready-made compressor. Any model used in air conditioners is suitable.

We assemble all other components ourselves:

  1. A stainless steel tank with a capacity of about 100 liters is taken as the condenser body. It is cut in half and inside a coil is mounted from a copper tube with a wall thickness of at least 1 mm. Threaded connections are soldered into the shell for connection to the circuit. After that, parts of the tank can be welded.
  2. For an evaporator, an 80 liter polyethylene bottle or a piece of pipe is perfect. A coil is also inserted into it and water inlets and outlets are supplied. Heat carriers are isolated from external environment foam "fur coat".
  3. Now you need to put the entire system, solder the pipes and fill in the refrigerant. The amount of freon is very important for correct operation pump, this calculation is best entrusted to a heating engineer. He will be able to finally connect the installation and set up the compressor.
  4. It remains only to attach the outer contour. Its assembly will depend on the type of pump.

A vertical soil-water installation requires a well, a geothermal probe is lowered into it.

For a horizontal apparatus, a collector is assembled and buried in the ground at a depth that excludes freezing.

In the water-water system, the circuit consists of a network plastic pipes through which the coolant will flow. Then all this must be fixed in the reservoir at the required depth.

The air-to-water pump manifold is also made and mounted on the roof of the house or nearby.

For stable operation and protection against breakdown, it is desirable to supplement the machine with the ability to manually start the compressor in case of a sudden power outage. The cost of such an installation is quite high. The factory pump is even more expensive. However, practice shows that the acquisition pays off in several years of operation.

Video

Fitting © 2022 Design and interior of apartments