Floor gas boilers with forced circulation. Forced circulation heating system: advantages, disadvantages, types. Principles of calculation and compensation of the system. Burners for gas single-circuit boilers

Heating of a house or cottage can be provided using one of two types of heating systems that differ from each other in the way the coolant circulates. With the natural movement of water or antifreeze through the pipes, it is not necessary to use additional equipment, but it is necessary to ensure the appropriate slope of the pipeline line. If a heating scheme with forced circulation, then the circulation pump crashes into the pipeline, which is responsible for the speed of the coolant in the heating system. The higher this indicator, the faster all the rooms in the house warm up. Work circulation pump depends on the availability of electricity, therefore, in case of possible failures in the supply of electricity and outages on long time you need to stock up on a gas generator.

How are open systems different from closed systems?

Any hydraulic heating system can be represented as a complex heating equipment and heating devices, combined in a certain order into one whole with the help of pipes.

In heating systems, an expansion tank is installed, since the heated coolant increases in volume. If the tank communicates with the outside atmospheric air, then the heating system is called open. By isolating the expansion tank from interaction with atmospheric air, a closed-type heating system is obtained. The coolant evaporates, so you have to monitor the water level in the tank and top up if necessary. In equipped with expansion tanks of the membrane type, this problem does not arise.

Installation of a heating system, including a boiler, an open expansion tank, radiators, shut-off valves, air vents, a circulation pump that provides forced circulation of the coolant

Why install a circulation pump?

Advantages of installing a circulation pump:

Simplified installation, as there is no need to build a complex and inconvenient top wiring pipeline with observance of the slope angle. It is not required to construct the main risers from pipes of a larger diameter. Thanks to this, it is possible to improve the interior of the room.
You can choose a collector type of piping, which ensures uniform heating of all heaters, regardless of their degree of remoteness from heating boiler.
It becomes possible to increase the length of pipelines.
With a forced circulating carrier, it can be built into the heating system additional elements, for example, "heat-insulated floors".

The circulation pump is installed in front of the heating boiler on the return main pipe. It is also recommended to install a membrane (expansion) tank, which is necessary element closed type heating systems.

Elements of a closed-type heating circuit

The main elements of a forced circulation heating system are:

boiler (solid fuel, gas, etc.);
expansion sealed tank of membrane type;
circulation pump, selected by power;
heating radiators (batteries);
pipes for the construction of risers, jumpers and connections;
adapters for connecting pipes (fittings);
ball and plug valves;
check valves;
air vents;
filters necessary to maintain the efficiency of the heating boiler and pumps;
fasteners (clamps, etc.).

Scheme of the device in a private house of a closed-type heating system with the installation of a circulation pump and a sealed membrane tank on the return

Important points during installation

In order for forced circulation heating to function without problems for a long time, it is necessary to correctly install important components on which the efficiency of the entire system depends.

To increase the duration of the life of the circulation pump, it is cut into the return line. It is explained simply. The water moves through the return pipeline in a chilled form, since the heat has already been given away heating appliances. In the design of the pump, manufacturers use cuffs and seals made of rubber, which can change properties when under constant influence. high temperatures. The cooled coolant entering the return does not have a significant effect on rubber parts, which allows them to retain their original properties longer.

For mounting compulsory system heating, pipes with a minimum diameter can be used. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the cost of work on the device of the heating system at home. After all, the volume of coolant that fills the system is reduced. This, in turn, affects the choice of an expansion tank of a suitable volume and power of the purchased heating boiler.

In forced circulation heating systems, it is recommended to use modern heating boilers, the design of which provides for the presence of automation. These devices provide control and regulation of all processes with minimal human intervention in the operation of the equipment. Fuel is used more efficiently and the temperature inside the room is regulated, taking into account various factors that affect the course of the home heating process.

How to choose a circulation pump model?

When choosing pumping equipment pay attention to the simplicity and reliability of its operation, as well as energy consumption. In addition to these important qualities, pump power and pressure are important. These characteristics are determined by the size of the heated room. You can refer to the following examples:

for houses with an area of 250 sq. meters, acquire pumps with a pressure of 0.4 atmospheres and a capacity of 3.5 cubic meters. meters per hour;
for houses whose area is in the range of 250-350 sq. meters, acquire pumps with a pressure of 0.6 atmospheres and a capacity of 4.5 cubic meters. m/h;
for houses with an area exceeding 350 sq. meters up to 800 sq. meters, purchase pumps with a pressure of 0.8 atm. And with a capacity of 11 cubic meters. m/h

Mounting the circulation pump on the bypass (jumper) makes it easy to remove equipment for replacement or current repair and maintenance

Interfering with the normal circulation of the coolant in the heating system can air locks, formed in each radiator and in places of vertical rise of the pipeline. You can deal with air accumulations by installing Mayevsky taps on each radiator or special automatic air vents. The installation of these devices will prevent the “airing” of individual sections of the system and violations in the heating operation that affect the microclimate in the room.

Advantages of installing a two-pipe system

Designing water heating with forced circulation for a private house, they choose, based on the material capabilities of the owner, a one-pipe or two-pipe scheme. A single-pipe system is cheaper, easier to install, and a two-pipe system is more efficient in operation. When installing a horizontal two-pipe heating system, three pipeline laying schemes are possible: dead-end, associated and collector.

We note right away that the latter has the greatest efficiency, namely. However, its implementation increases the consumption of materials, as well as the complexity of the installation work.

A heating gas boiler is a device that, by means of the combustion of fuel (natural or liquefied gas), heats the coolant.

Device (design) gas boiler : burner, heat exchanger, thermally insulated housing, hydraulic unit, as well as safety and control devices. Such gas-fired boilers require a chimney to be connected to remove combustion products. The chimney can be either a conventional vertical or coaxial (“pipe in pipe”) for boilers with a closed combustion chamber. Many modern boilers equipped with built-in pumps for forced circulation of water.

The principle of operation of a gas boiler- the coolant, passing through the heat exchanger, heats up and then circulates through the heating system, giving the received thermal energy through radiators, underfloor heating, heated towel rails, as well as providing water heating in the boiler indirect heating(if it is connected to a gas boiler).

Heat exchanger - a metal container in which the coolant (water or antifreeze) is heated - can be made of steel, cast iron, copper, etc. The reliability and durability of a gas boiler depends on the quality of the heat exchanger in the first place. Cast iron heat exchangers are resistant to corrosion and have a long service life, but are sensitive to sudden temperature changes and are quite heavy. Steel containers can suffer from rust, so they internal surfaces protect various anti-corrosion coatings, providing an extension of the "life" of the device. Steel heat exchangers are the most common in the manufacture of boilers. Corrosion is not terrible for copper heat exchangers, and due to the high heat transfer coefficient, low weight and dimensions, such heat exchangers are often used in wall boilers, but of the minuses, it should be noted that they are more expensive than steel ones.
In addition to the heat exchanger, an important part of gas boilers is a burner, which can be various kinds: atmospheric or fan, single-stage or two-stage, with smooth modulation, double.

To control the gas boiler, automation is used with various settings and functions (e.g. weather-compensated control system), as well as devices for programming operation and remote control boiler.

Main technical specifications gas heating boilers are: power, number of heating circuits, type of fuel, type of combustion chamber, type of burner, installation method, presence of a pump and expansion tank, automatic control of the boiler.

To determine required power gas heating boiler for private country house or an apartment, a simple formula is used - 1 kW of boiler power for heating 10 m 2 of a well-insulated room with a ceiling height of up to 3 m. If heating of a glazed basement is required winter garden, rooms with non-standard ceilings, etc. the gas boiler output must be increased. It is also necessary to increase the power (about 20-50%) when providing a gas boiler and hot water supply (especially if heating of water in the pool is necessary).

Features of calculating the power of gas boilers: nominal pressure gas, at which the boiler operates at 100% of the capacity declared by the manufacturer, for most boilers is from 13 to 20 mbar, and the actual pressure in gas networks in Russia can be 10 mbar, and sometimes even lower. Accordingly, a gas boiler often works only at 2/3 of its capacity, and this must be taken into account when calculating. In more detail with a table for calculating the power of a heating boiler, you can

Most gas boilers can transfer from work natural gas on the liquefied gas (ballooned propane). Many models switch to liquefied gas at the factory (check these characteristics of the model when purchasing), or nozzles (jets) are additionally supplied to the gas boiler to switch to bottled gas.

Pros and cons of gas boilers:

Boiler piping- These are devices for the full operation of the heating and water supply system. It includes: pumps, expansion tanks, filters (if necessary), collectors, return and safety valves, air valves, valves, etc. You will also need to purchase radiators, connecting pipes and valves, thermostats, a boiler, etc. The issue of choosing a boiler is quite serious, so it is better to entrust the selection of equipment and its complete set to professionals.

What is the best boiler? On the Russian market gas boiler equipment has its own leaders in quality and reliability. The best manufacturing companies and brands of gas boilers are presented in the range:

"Premium" or "Lux"- the most reliable and durable, easy to manage, the kit is assembled as a "constructor", more expensive than the others. These manufacturers include German companies

- this is a way out for residents of those areas where the power supply is unstable. Unfortunately and to date there are such "bearish corners" where electricity is cut off very often. This is especially unpleasant in the cold season in homes where heating is tied to electricity.

Approximate size of non-volatile gas heating boilers

There is also such a problem as a mismatch between the voltage in a given area or a particular house with the required one. Sometimes such interruptions can last up to one week or even more. Under such conditions, it becomes necessary to abandon the heating systems, which require electricity, and switch to the use of non-volatile boilers.

Having foreseen all the pros and cons, you can choose one of the appliances that run on other fuels, such as coal, wood, peat, etc. Well, and if there is gas supply to the house, then there will be no problems with heating the house. There are many models of boilers on sale that can operate not only on gas, but also on solid fuels - they are called combined.

Combined heating appliances have one design - this is a floor version. They can be single-circuit and double-circuit. The former are intended only for heating, the latter will cope with both heating and water heating for the needs of residents.

Floor scheme - boiler Lamborghini WBL 5

Combined options are heavy, as some of their elements are made of heavy alloys of cast iron or steel. In this regard, they are not available in a hanging version.

Another option for heating appliances are boilers that work only on gaseous fuel. They can be performed both in hanging and in floor version, and also have a single-loop and two-loop scheme.

Video - the principle of operation of the burner of a gas non-volatile boiler

How to approach the problem of choice?

An important note - such boilers should “be able” to work in heating systems with both forced and natural movement of the coolant, which is used as water (preferably purified), or antifreeze - coolant for domestic needs.

Natural circulation is the movement of the coolant along the circuit under the influence of gravitational forces arising from heating the water and replacing it with cold water, due to the difference in density and the correctly planned slope of the pipes of the heating system.

The forced movement of the coolant occurs with the help of a pump installed in the system, which creates more intense pressure in the circuit. Under such conditions, the system warms up faster, thereby saving gas. But such heating is possible only with the constant availability of electricity.

What is the conclusion - when purchasing a boiler in an area with an unstable supply of electricity, you need to choose a unit that will be effective with natural circulation.

To be considered when choosing gas appliance and the pressure with which gas is supplied in Russian gas pipelines. Usually it is 1.270 MPa. The passport attached to the heating device must indicate the permissible gas pressure for this particular unit.
If the boiler was purchased earlier and is designed only for heating with solid fuel, then in some models it is possible to replace the igniter and install a burner to convert it to gas.
Non-volatile heating devices are reliable, simple and easy to manage. Subject to all safety measures during installation and operation, gas boilers quite safe. In addition, they are equipped with automation, which is triggered when the gas supply is completed or the flame disappears, completely turning off the entire device.
Presented on the market wide selection models of domestic and foreign production. The latter are considered more economical, since they have automatic devices capable of controlling the intensity of combustion. Domestic devices are no less reliable, but also more affordable price and they are better adapted to local conditions and parameters.
The boiler must be equipped with a thermostat, with which you can adjust the heating temperature of the coolant. When it cools below the set temperature, the boiler automatically turns on the heating.

In some areas, with the onset of winter and a decrease in air temperature, the pressure in the gas supply system also decreases. This nuance must also be taken into account when choosing a model for heating a house, and buying the option that will work smoothly both at normal and at reduced pressure. Subject to these conditions, the boiler will operate smoothly at any time of the year, but, knowing the peculiarities of the local gas supply system, it is necessary from time to time to winter period control the operation of the boiler to prevent freezing of the heating system.

Unit installation

Installation of non-volatile heating units is produced according to a specially drawn up plan, which is agreed with the controlling fire and gas supply organizations. It is very important to create the necessary conditions for normal operation of the device:

maintain a positive temperature in the boiler room;
follow fire fighting instructions when installing. combustible material walls must be insulated non-flammable materials, such as asbestos or metal sheets;
if the boiler is installed independently, it is necessary to start it for the first time in the presence of a specialist who will check the correct installation and operation of the device .

AT project plan installation of the boiler also includes a chimney system. She must match established standards, which are developed by design organizations, depending on the power of the heater. Chimney must be individual for each heating device or have a section that allows you to divert required amount from two or three devices.

According to the standards, the chimney, which is brought out through the roof and located one and a half meters from the ridge horizontally, must rise in height by at least half a meter. If it is brought out through the roof at a distance of one and a half to three meters horizontally, it is raised at least to the height of the ridge.

When building a chimney, you also need to know that it should not have more than three turns, but it is better if it is perfectly straight. But, in any case, its total height in a straight line should not be less than five meters. From above, the chimney is covered with a special fungus made of metal; it will close the pipe opening from moisture and dirt.

Another chimney option is coaxial, it is not suitable for all types of heating boilers and a specialist recommendation is needed to install it.

Such a chimney does not require high altitude and settles into the wall. Its installation will cost much less and will not be difficult. But it should be noted that, without forced electrical air circulation, it may not create the necessary traction, so the boiler will spontaneously turn off more often than with a traditional pipe. Another disadvantage is the formation of condensate inside the coaxial chimney.

Boiler models

For example, it is worth considering several models of boilers that are popular due to their functionality and convenience.

Gas boiler Viadrus G36 (BM)

This model is available in various capacities. To determine which one is suitable for a particular heating system, you need to familiarize yourself with the technical characteristics.

Model	Power min/max kW	Fuel consumption min/max. cubic meters/h	Coolant volume	Boiler size (width, depth, height) mm	Boiler weight kg	Chimney diameter mm
	12/17	1,39/ 1,98	9,2	485/ 733/ 935	100	110
	18/26	2,07/ 2,95	11,4	485/ 733/ 935	130
	27/34	3,14/ 3,92	13,6	570/ 733/ 935
	41/35	4,04/ 4,73	15,8	740/ 773/ 935
G3649	42/49	4,84/ 5,61	18,0	740/ 773/ 935	201

Viadrus G36 is exactly the boiler that does not depend on the supply of electricity to the building. It has an atmospheric steel burner.
For the smooth functioning of the gas valve, a thermoelement is built into the boiler, and it is able to create right amount electricity. Also, the device has a sensor that protects against traction overturning.
This type of boiler is adapted for local conditions and works great, heating the coolant from 45 degrees and above.
If it is necessary to connect a pump to this model of boilers to increase the pressure of the coolant, but you are afraid of interruptions in the power supply, you can have additional uninterruptible power supplies at home.
Suitable for Viadrus G36 boilers coaxial chimney if it is not possible to arrange a traditional gas boiler.
The positive quality of this unit can be considered the possibility of connecting an indirect heating boiler to it.
When choosing a boiler, you need to stop at an option whose power is 15 percent more than required.

Gas boiler Protherm Bear TLO

Another proposed option for non-volatile boilers is Protherm Bear TLO. Its characteristics also deserve attention.

Model	Power max.kW	Fuel consumption m3/h	Working t. max.	Coolant volume, l	Size (width, depth, height), mm	Weight, kg	Chimney diameter, mm
Bear 20 TLO	18	1,9	85	10,5	420/ 671/ 880	92	130
Bear 30 TLO	27	3,0	85	14,0	505/ 671/ 880
Bear 40 TLO	35	4,0	85	18,0	590/ 671/ 880	140

To positive characteristics These boilers also include the following qualities:

work in systems with open movement of the coolant;
have piezo ignition;
open combustion chamber;
the heat exchanger is made of cast iron;
The efficiency is 87-92%;
burner made of stainless steel;
power is regulated in one step;
has a winter-summer regime;
automatic control carried out by a microprocessor;
chimney draft is controlled;
a heat exchanger made of cast iron is protected from condensation;
overheating protection;
flame intensity control;
constant control of temperature and pressure of the heat carrier;
operates on liquefied or main gas;
the cooling circuit does not allow the coolant to heat up above 100-110 degrees.

Thanks to all these qualities, the operation of the boiler is not difficult even for a beginner. Relatively compact size high efficiency work, as well as a neat design are also important, especially if the boiler is installed in the kitchen or bathroom.

As a rule, in private houses they arrange heating system where the coolant is ordinary water without any impurities.

A special liquid can also be used as a coolant - antifreeze "NORD" or " Warm house". Antifreeze is diluted with water in the proportions indicated on the container and poured into the system. Antifreeze is good because it does not freeze and heating system not damaged even sub-zero temperatures- does not defrost. Also, this composition has a good effect on nodes and connections, extending their service life.

The only negative is that antifreeze CANNOT be used where the installation of the heating system is carried out with galvanized pipes.

Heating system diagrams

There are two types of heating systems:

With forced circulation of the coolant - the circulation of the coolant in the system is carried out due to the operation of the circulation pump

Natural circulation of the coolant - the circulation of the coolant occurs due to the temperature difference: hot water rises up and goes down in a natural flow.

Natural circulation system.

Forced circulation system.

Heating system with natural circulation

The main advantage of such a system is its independence from the power supply. For such heating, you can use a conventional gas boiler AOGV, AKGV, AGV without connecting electricity, as well as a solid fuel or liquid fuel boiler that is not equipped with automation.

Pipes are required for the good operation of such a heating system. large diameter from 25 to 50 mm.

This is necessary so that the coolant circulates freely throughout the system.

Most often, steel, galvanized pipes and stainless steel pipes are used for installation.

When calculating the number of pipes, the perimeter of the house is taken into account, because. pipes mainly run along the walls around the entire perimeter, the calculation also includes a pipe for the riser plus piping of the boiler, radiators, expansion tank and distribution pipe.

Heating system with distribution

pipes for each radiator.

Sequential piping.

Scheme of the heating system with natural

circulation for a two-story house.

Components and equipment for the installation of a heating system with natural circulation:

Pipes - for the main riser, return and distribution pipe diameter 32 - 50mm,

for distribution pipes to radiators with a diameter of 20 - 25 mm.

Accessories - spurs, adapters, tees, crosses, Ball Valves– for feeding the system, for emptying

Radiators

Expansion tank.

Expansion tank selection.

Expansion tanks are of two types - open (ordinary tank) and membrane closed.

Open tank - made of steel or a ready-made tank is used. To prevent corrosion, inside the tank is treated with a primer. The tank is installed at the highest point of the heating system, most often in the attic, it must be well insulated.

Closed membrane tank– can be installed next to the boiler. Such a tank is already ready for use and does not require additional processing.

membrane tank.

Calculation of the volume of the expansion tank.

The volume of an open tank is calculated by the formula:

Vpb = 0.05 x Vsyst

where Vsyst is the volume of the entire heating system (boiler, pipes, radiators),
0.05 - coefficient,
Vpb - tank volume.

The volume of the membrane tank is calculated by the formula: Vtank = Vpac / f

where f is the tank fill factor,
Vpac is the excess volume of the coolant during heating.

In order not to calculate the coefficients, you can use the table and independently determine the volume of the membrane tank for the heating system.

Filling the expansion tank:

for open - when filling the system, the tank must be filled to - at least 50% of the volume
for membrane - filling is not required, it is enough to fill only the system.

The choice of radiators

The number of radiators does not depend on the type of system and is calculated based on their heat transfer:

cast iron radiators - 1 section per 1 sq.m;
aluminum and bimetallic - 1 section per 1.3 - 1.5 sq.m;
convectors - calculated according to the table - instructions, i.e. the manufacturer immediately declares the heat transfer of a particular convector, because. these heaters do not come in sections, but as a whole device, ready for installation.

Do not save on the number of radiator sections. In a private house, almost all rooms are corner and there are no adjacent warm neighboring rooms.

A heating system with a membrane expansion tank is usually called a closed system, although the entire circulation of the coolant occurs naturally.

When installing heating with natural circulation, the main thing is to observe the necessary slopes of the pipes, this contributes to the normal efficient operation of the entire system.

First start.

All components must be checked for tightness.

Check expansion tank fill

The boiler must be properly connected to the chimney

If the boiler is gas, then it is necessary to check the connections again gas pipes with soapy water.

When you turn it on for the first time, you cannot immediately set the maximum heating temperature. It is necessary to wait until the entire system warms up - the return line becomes warm and the heaters heat up, only then you can add power and say with confidence that the system is working.

Heating system with forced circulation of the coolant

The main difference between such a system is that a circulation pump is installed to circulate the coolant. The pump can be installed separately - on the return line, or already built-in - automatic boilers are equipped with circulation pumps.

When installing this heating system, slopes are not required.

If the boiler is not equipped with an expansion tank, then a membrane expansion tank is installed separately.

Small diameter pipes 1/3 - 1 inch - can be used for installation copper pipes, metal-plastic, polypropylene (not reinforced), cross-linked polyethylene, metal, stainless steel.

Schemes of heating systems.

Double piping.

Single pipe wiring.

Collector system.

Pipe calculation:

For collector system- when calculating, it must be taken into account that each radiator will have its own pair of pipes. With such a system, when the pipes are hidden underground, or embedded in a screed, the pipes can be laid along the shortest path to save on length.

For a two-pipe system, the perimeter of the rooms is taken into account, multiplied by two, plus taps are added for connecting to radiators, piping the boiler and distribution networks (risers).

With a single pipe system - all radiators are tied with one pipe, so this is the most economical system. Works no worse than a two-pipe system. Main disadvantage, unlike the collector and two-pipe systems, it is not possible to turn off a separate radiator, or reduce its power with a thermostatic valve.

Equipment:

Distribution combs - it is better to immediately purchase with shutoff valves (taps)

Connecting fittings for radiators, thermostatic valves, Mayevsky taps.

Fittings, tees, adapters, couplings, crosses, clips for fastening pipes - selected according to the type of pipes selected.

For the installation of pipes made of polypropylene, cross-linked polyethylene and metal-plastic on pressfittings, special equipment is required

The most simple system, which you can mount yourself is -

Polypropylene pipes

Aluminum radiators

Wall or floor automatic boiler.

In this case, the installation of separate units for underfloor heating and hot water supply is not required.

Double-circuit boiler - connection.

Tying a wall-mounted boiler.

Tying floor boiler.

The calculation of radiators for a system with forced circulation is carried out in the same way as for a system with forced circulation.

Collector connection of radiators. Two-pipe system with bottom connection.

Two-pipe connection of radiators: Piping of convectors.

Thermostatic valve - regulates heating
Stopcock
Adapters - connections
Mayevsky crane - mechanical air vent
Radiator adapter (differ in left and right).

Two-pipe conventional connection.

First start.

Fill the system and determine the coolant pressure on the manometer. If there is no pressure gauge on the boiler, then for closed system pressure gauge is installed separately. Pressure in cold system should be no more than 1.2 bar.

Check all components for tightness. In case of leaks, the system will not work normally, the pressure will drop, noise will appear in the boiler and pipes.

The boiler must be properly connected to the chimney.

Gas connection - to detect leaks and for your own peace of mind, you can once again check the tightness by smearing the components outside the boiler with soapy foam.

The boiler should be turned on at low power. Only when the return flow and heaters are heated can the power be added.

When starting for the first time and adding power, you should follow the pressure gauge. At maximum power the pressure in the system must not exceed 3 bar, otherwise the bypass will work (water will automatically be discharged through a special valve). If the pressure increases, then check the pressure of the diaphragm expansion tank.

At low pressure in the membrane tank, the pressure of the heating system increases and the bypass is periodically activated. In such cases, it is recommended to fill the tank with air through the nipple. For this, a conventional electric pump with a pressure gauge for pumping is suitable. car tires. The membrane tank should be pumped up to the mark of 2.4 - 2.5 bar.

Warm floor

You should not trust sources that claim that a warm floor can be laid in conjunction with a radiator system and nothing will happen to it. For warm floors Maximum temperature should be no more than 55C. Therefore, for such a heating circuit, it is best to install the Maybes and Buderus pumping group with temperature control (for floor boilers), or the Maybes Termex group for wall-mounted boilers. These groups are installed on the contour of underfloor heating. The installation site is near the boiler, where the decoupling of the heating circuits begins.

Boiler connection

Boiler connection ( storage water heater) does not require superpowers. The main thing in this matter is to make connections according to the diagram and seal all connections with high quality. In modern automatic boilers there is a special connector for connecting and controlling the operation of the boiler.

Wall hung boiler and boiler.

Boiler connection diagram.

Connecting the boiler to the floor boiler.

It is very difficult to imagine life without heating. modern man. A gas boiler today is one of the most common ways to heat apartments, houses and country cottages. The use of natural gas as a raw material explains the cost-effectiveness of using this type of heat generator. In order not to get confused in the variety of models on the market for heating equipment, you need to study the device of a gas boiler and its elements. Then the choice of a suitable heat generator will not be difficult.

Fixing the temperature value is set using special sensors. Most often, this task is performed by the control controller, it is in every gas boiler. With the determination of the need for heat in the room, special temperature controllers help him. Gas is supplied to the burner through the shut-off gas fittings.
When the boiler is connected to the gas supply system, the electric ignition starts to function. In some models, piezo ignition is triggered.
In the heat exchanger of any boiler there is a burner. It turns on, and then the water is heated to the temperature of the desired value.
After thermal effects, water begins to flow into the heating system. Water begins to move and move due to the operation of the circulation pump. Automatic shutdown burner operation only occurs when the temperature set by the thermostat reaches its maximum value.

Single-circuit gas generators operate on the same principle. If you need water for showering, washing dishes and other household needs, and not just for heating, then you can purchase electric boiler or a boiler with two boilers.

The difference between a floor-mounted and a wall-mounted gas boiler

The device of a floor gas boiler is somewhat different from wall models. And in addition to obvious differences, such as power, cost and installation method, there are a number of technical parameters, by which you can easily determine the type of boiler.

As a rule, floor heating boilers are more durable in operation. This directly depends on the material from which the parts of the unit are made. Cast iron elements are thicker and less susceptible to corrosive effects than steel, from which the elements of wall-mounted boiler models are made.

The floor boiler is equipped with several types of burners. Those generators that have atmospheric burners are less noisy. They are easy to use and cost less. Fan burners, which are found in the form of mounted or inflatable ones, have a higher cost. But such a price is due to the high power, the value of which can reach several thousand kilowatts.

Wall-mounted gas boilers require a connection to electricity, while floor-standing generators operate autonomously. Accordingly, they are more economical.

Which boiler is better: with a closed or open combustion chamber?

The device of a gas boiler assumes the presence of mandatory elements. The combustion chamber is one of them. But before buying a heating generator, many people have a question: “Which model is better - with a closed or open combustion chamber?”.

Before making a choice in favor of one or another type of boiler, you should understand what is the difference between these types of combustion chambers. The combustion chamber of the closed type requires the installation of an additional chimney. In order for heating equipment to work efficiently and safely, you need uninterrupted access to the power supply system.

A boiler with an open combustion chamber consumes air from the room where it is installed. That is, he does not need access to electricity, he works without it. But for such heat generators, ventilation is a prerequisite. quality ventilation system necessary to ensure safety, since the accumulated gases above the boiler should not be in a closed, unventilated room.

The device of a wall-mounted gas boiler, as a rule, has an open combustion chamber. But there are other models as well. As for the floor, most often manufacturers produce generators with a closed type of combustion chamber.

Natural and forced circulation: which boiler is more practical?

In order for hot water to move in the heating system, some elements in the design are necessary. Where there is natural circulation water, there are pipes of large diameter. They provide proper pressure in the system.

In the case of forced circulation, it is necessary to install additional equipment. It creates an artificial pressure build-up that forces the water to move. This option is most often used in residential premises, it is the most economical and easy to install.

Single or double boiler?

The device of gas heating boilers directly depends on the number of circuits in its composition. Single-circuit models have a number of advantages - lower cost, efficiency, ease of operation. Such a boiler is considered a less expensive option.

However, this design is not ideal. You need to understand that a single-circuit boiler is only suitable for filling the heating system in the room. If you need consumption hot water for economic purposes, you will have to improve the installation by installing additional units, for example, a boiler.

In case of double-circuit boiler such problems can be avoided, since such a heat generator not only heats the room, but also provides the owners with an uninterrupted flow of hot water. However, this device is not perfect. A gas boiler with two circuits cannot start them up at the same time. That is, if hot water is supplied, the heating system ceases to function. But it's almost imperceptible.

For those who use no more than 14 liters of hot water at a time, flow double-circuit boilers. For larger consumption, double-circuit units with a built-in boiler are used.

Gas boiler device - video

What elements are included in gas boilers?

Most models of gas heat generators, in addition to a similar principle of operation, incorporate the same elements. Consider the equipment of such a heat generator.

Device for removal of combustion products. Otherwise, it is called a smoke exhaust system. In models of gas boilers, there are systems with forced and natural draft.
Heat exchanger. When the combustion gas begins to release energy, the heat exchanger body heats up. Then the heat passes to the water that is in it.
Gas-burner. It is equipped with special nozzles through which fuel flows. Due to the constant and uniform distribution of gas, the coolant heats up without interruption.
Expansion tank. Thanks to him, water is removed during prolonged overheating. The capacity of the tank is always enough for the operation of a conventional boiler.
The circulation pump is an optional element of the boiler. But if it is present in the composition, then the main gas system will have a forced circulation. With the help of such a pump, the necessary pressure is provided in the system.
System control unit. Automatic control sets the required operating mode of the boiler and regulates the programs.
The diagnostic system analyzes the operation of all elements, detects problems and notifies you of errors. Most often, information appears on the scoreboard in the form of a code of numbers or letters.
Built-in temperature sensors.
Freeze protection system. This element is needed when the boiler is operating in energy-saving mode. Such a system is not found in all models of heat generators.
Built-in power outage protection system.

The thermostat is also called an external water thermostat. It sets the temperature so that the water heats the room as it leaves the generator. This device provides efficient work boiler, that is, when the temperature drops, it heats the water as much as possible, otherwise it speeds up the cooling process of all radiators.

There are several types of thermostats:

mechanical;
central;
programmable.

Mechanical thermostats look like a dial with a scale in the middle. By turning the dial clockwise, you can set right time. For ease of adjustment, the outer part is equipped with 15-minute period tabs. In emergency cases, it is possible to reconfigure the mode.

Central thermostat away from the boiler. With it, you can turn on or turn off the heating in the apartment / house. Outdated models of thermostats were connected to the boiler with wires. Modern devices released without wires. To install it, you do not need to destroy the wall, just attach it to the surface with screws.

The central thermostat can turn off the heating of the heating system, if necessary. It is best to install such a sensor in the most visited place in the house. Access must be provided to it, it must not be covered with curtains or furniture. It is desirable that the temperature on it does not fall below 16 degrees.

How does a gas boiler heat exchanger work?

Most often there are models with a steel or cast iron heat exchanger.

Cast iron parts are renowned for their strength and durability. Such a heat exchanger will serve properly for more than one year. However, it also has a number of disadvantages, the main of which is fragility and sensitivity during transportation. In case of improper use, numerous chips may appear. It is also not recommended to use a cast-iron heat exchanger in those houses where the water is very hard. In addition, it must not be overheated.

Unlike cast iron, steel is not afraid of shock and mechanical influences. However, when operating a heat exchanger made of this alloy, the liquid must not be allowed to freeze.

Externally, the heat exchanger resembles a curved pipe, which is located in one plane. Ordinary users call this design a coil. The power of the heat exchanger depends on the number of fins and the length of the pipe. The condition of this part should be carefully monitored, since dirt, soot and salt deposits inside the pipes lead to breakage and clogging of the device. The circulation processes in the coolant are disturbed, and, accordingly, the thermal conductivity of the heat exchanger walls decreases.

Knowledge of what gas boilers consist of will help you in choosing heating equipment and facilitate the operation process in the future. Tips for those who understand the issues of building gas-fired heat generators.

Usage atmospheric burners allows you to get power from 10 to 80 kW, blowing - up to 1000 kW.
Do not purchase boilers with burners that require an AC connection.
Before buying a boiler, calculate the power and determine the energy dependence.
Evaluate the quality of the material of the elements that make up the boiler.
Before buying a gas boiler of any model, do not rush to choose. It would be more expedient to spend some time studying the issues on the design of the heat generator and its elements in order to understand what really suits you.

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