Wiring in a brick bath. Bath power supply. Rules and regulations for the placement of the electrical system in baths

Bath is a functional building with special conditions operation that requires a reliable and safe power supply. For this reason, the wiring in the bath is laid in accordance with the basic requirements of the Electrical Installation Rules designed for wet rooms. Any violation established norms can have dire consequences for the building owner.

Electrical safety requirements

Installation of electrical wiring in the bath must be carried out in compliance with the following safety requirements:

Organization of a power supply circuit from a distribution unit with an introductory machine and installation of an individual ground loop. All protective devices are installed in the electrical panel.
Use of indoor wires capable of withstanding heating temperatures up to 165 degrees.
The organization of wiring in the steam room of a brick and cinder block bath is carried out in a closed way. An open laying method is possible in a wooden structure.
The installation scheme should provide for the mandatory use of protective electrical equipment - automatic devices and RCDs from 5 to 10 mA.
The wires are connected using terminal blocks.
Electrical cables require additional insulation from wooden surfaces and elements. Optimal solution- closed cable channel or heat-resistant route.
All main electrical accessories are mounted outside the steam room and washing room. In the bath, it is allowed to use sockets, switches and dimmers with a maximum load of up to 16A in a splash-proof housing with protection class IP44.
Wiring in the steam room should not pass over the heating equipment.
Lighting devices must have a protective housing and ceramic cartridges, auxiliary elements from metal require additional grounding.

The scheme of wiring electricity in the bath

Prepare working scheme electricians in the bath can be done independently, taking into account the total number and power of energy consumers, as well as the type of connection - single-phase or three-phase.

Connection to one phase provides for the presence of two wires to the input: phase - the supply of electricity to end consumers - appliances, equipment and electrical accessories; zero - current return. The maximum allowable power threshold is 15 kW.
Three-phase connection: four wires at the input - three per phase and zero. The electricity supply chain is similar to the previous scheme. The maximum allowable power is 43 kW.

As a rule, a single-phase connection is used for a standard bath, a three-phase connection is relevant if powerful electrical appliances and equipment are installed in the premises.

Schematically, it is better to determine the installation locations and the number of electrical appliances, calculate the maximum load on the wiring, select the type and number of wires, and also take into account other technical parameters.

When organizing electrical wiring in private bath it is important to remember that the basic equipment for a bath uses a voltage in the range from 12 to 36 volts. To ensure the safe supply and distribution of electricity, it is recommended to install a step down transformer.

The finished project for the electrification of the bath must contain data on the installation sites protective devices- difavtomatov and RCD.

The choice of wires and electrical appliances for the bath

When choosing wires for electrical wiring, the size of the section and the material of the conductive core should be taken into account.

Important! In the bath, it is allowed to install wires only with copper conductors.

Steam room and washing

For these rooms, cables or wires are designed, the insulation of which is able to withstand the maximum heating temperature of up to 200 degrees. Only heat-resistant wire with a copper core can be used here:

Stranded (flexible) - up to 185 degrees.
Single and stranded (flexible) - up to 205 degrees.
Imported (flexible) - up to 200 degrees.

Dressing room, dressing room, lounge

In others functional areas baths, it is allowed to use non-combustible power cables VVGng.

Important! For the organization of internal wiring in bath rooms, universal flat wires (PUNP) are not used, which can be the main cause of a fire hazard.

When choosing automatic devices for protection against voltage surges in the network, first of all, it is worth determining their operating power. The main machine must have maximum power, y auxiliary devices this figure has been significantly reduced.

To set the limit value of the machine for disconnecting from the network, the current strength in the circuit and in its specific section is taken into account. For example, if the current strength in the circuit section is 18A, then the maximum allowable threshold of the main machine is 20A.

No less important for the protection of electrical appliances is the device protective shutdown(RCD). According to the PUE, the RCD threshold should be from 25 to 30 mA.

Methods for conducting electricity in the bath

In order to conduct electricity to the bath building, it is necessary to ensure its delivery from the central shield through the incoming power cable. You can lay the cable to the bath in one of two ways: underground and by air.

Underground installation method

The safest and most labor-intensive way of laying power cables, requiring pre-training earthen trench, - from the source of electricity to the bath.

For underground input, a VBBSHV cable with copper conductive conductors with a cross section of 10 to 16 square meters is used. mm. It has increased strength, safety and durability. Protection against mechanical damage and biological impact is provided by heat-resistant insulation and steel braid.

For underground cable laying polypropylene pipes resistant to corrosion and freezing, metal pipes can be used when mounting the cable on poles or wall structures with a height of not more than 180 cm.

The underground cable laying technology is as follows:

Preparation of an earth trench up to 70 cm deep. Backfilling of the bottom (10 cm) with a sand layer. Cable laying and re-filling with sand.
The introduction of the cable into the building through a metal inlet sleeve, which is used to protect against damage to the insulation during shrinkage of the walls of the bath.
The cable is stripped of insulation before connecting to the machine in the input shield. Next, grounding and lightning protection are performed.

Important! Wave-like laying of the cable in the trench will prevent its mechanical damage as a result of soil movements or shrinkage of the building.

Air mounting method

Air mounting is more affordable and cheaper in terms of labor and financial costs, but it is also short-lived due to susceptibility to damage and deformation.

If you need to connect the wire from the house to the bath, then you need to correctly calculate the maximum allowable distance between objects. With a significant distance of buildings from each other, air laying is irrational, since the risk of cable damage increases under adverse climatic conditions.

It is also important to observe the regulated cable laying height: above the road - at a height of up to 6 meters, above the paths for pedestrians - up to 3.5 meters, on the site - up to 2.75 meters.

If the distance between the buildings does not exceed 21 meters, then the cable is entered by air according to the scheme:

Entrance holes are made in the walls in accordance with the diameter of the cable. Plastic or metal adapters are mounted in the holes to protect the cable from damage.
Brackets are installed near the holes for fixing the insulators.
A metal cable is stretched between the insulators.
To the rope on plastic clamps the cable is fixed, after which it is inserted into the holes and connected in the shield to the introductory machine.

All cable entry points through the walls are carefully sealed, and the space in the adapters is filled with foam or mineral wool. The metal cable should have a slight amount of slack to ensure that the cable is securely fixed.

The best option for air laying - insulated self-supporting heat-resistant wire (SIP).

Step-by-step instructions for installing internal wiring

Wiring in the bath and steam room will be powered from the input switchboard. The main thing in this matter is to comply with the installation technology and requirements in accordance with the PUE.

Internal wiring

To properly wire indoor wiring, use general scheme bath electrification.

When wiring the cable, the following requirements must be observed:

From the shield, the cable is led in a single piece.
On wooden surfaces, wiring is laid in an open way, the so-called. retro wiring. As insulation, the use of plastic and metal pipes is prohibited.
On brick and cinder block surfaces, wiring is carried out in a hidden way with a plaster layer.
The wires are fixed in horizontal and vertical lines, without bending or twisting.
Wires must not be placed opposite entrance doors, heating equipment and electrical appliances.
To connect the conductive cores, a welding or soldering connection is used.

Connecting electrical accessories

Sauna and bath - buildings with special temperature conditions, therefore, sockets and switches are optimally located in the dressing room, rest room and locker room at a height of up to 95 cm from the floor level.

Use of electrical fittings and mounting boxes during wet rooms prohibited. This is due to the fact that over time, excess moisture condenses on the surface of the device and can cause a short circuit.

Features of mounting the switchboard and calculations of workloads

All electrics in the bath are conducted from the input shield. When deciding on the place of its installation, it is necessary to adhere to some rules:

Availability of free access to the switchboard.
Ensuring sufficient lighting and regular ventilation in the room with a shield.
Equipment of the shield with an introductory circuit breaker, RCD and outgoing circuit breakers for each energy consumer.

To calculate the power of the introductory machine, it is necessary to take into account the maximum load that is created by electrical appliances, equipment and lighting devices installed in the bath. The total power of consumers is divided by the voltage indicator.

For example, the total power was 4000 VA, the mains voltage was 220V. The power of the input machine: 4000/220 \u003d 18.18 A. For maximum protection, you should choose a device with a small power reserve, for example, 20 A. The power for each outgoing machine is calculated in a similar way.

The choice of lighting equipment for the bath

To organize a safe and practical, it is recommended to use reliable lighting with protection class IP44.

High demands are placed on the lamps installed in the steam room and washing room. These are premises with special operating conditions, which are characterized by high humidity and temperature fluctuations. The best option for them is a waterproof lamp for wall mounting.

A good option for a steam room is fiber optic lighting equipment that is resistant to negative influences and provides soft diffused light.

Since the main material for wall cladding is lining, it is recommended to use special built-in lamps that can be easily sewn into a wooden surface.

Important! According to the regulations, the body of the lamps can be metal, and the ceiling can be glass. Equipment with a plastic base is susceptible to overheating and deformation, therefore it is not suitable for a bath.

In other rooms of the bath, you can use halogen bulbs or LED lamps.

Features of connecting an electric furnace

The connection of the electric furnace is carried out using a three-phase machine and a starter on a magnetic basis. Circuit breaker provides protection against short circuits and voltage surges in the network, the starter - automatic control heating circuit.

You will also need heat-resistant cables of the PVKV, PMTK, PRKS, RKGM brands with copper conductors with a cross section of 3 × 2.5 mm, capable of withstanding loads up to 4 kW.

To connect the cable, a junction box is used, installed in the neutral zone, with subsequent entry into the switchboard. Thus, the electric oven is not connected to a conventional outlet, but directly to the shield.

If the operating power of the furnace is less than 4 kW, then it is enough to organize a single-phase connection.

Common mistakes when organizing wiring

Often, novice masters make gross mistakes when electrifying a bath, which are associated with a violation technical requirements or wrong calculations.

Common Mistakes:

Incorrect choice of the type of electrical wire and its incorrectly calculated cross section.
Wrong choice of protective equipment - automatic machines and RCDs.
Poor insulation of wires in fire hazardous areas.
Violation of safety rules when laying electrical wiring.

Bath electrification is a complex and responsible process that requires a competent choice. Supplies, compliance with the technology and installation scheme, correct commissioning of the system. This is the key to a safe and comfortable stay in the bath throughout the entire period of operation.

The bath is a place of increased fire hazard. Since the wires under the influence of current heat up on their own, and high humidity and temperature only exacerbate this condition. Do-it-yourself wiring in the bath is carried out according to the special requirements of the rules for electrical installations (PUE), which are specially designed for rooms with enough high level humidity.

In order to correctly make the wiring in the bath, you need to remember the points that cannot be categorically violated, otherwise everything will lead to negative consequences. So, it is forbidden:

Use wiring with insulation, the integrity of which is broken.
Put sockets and switches in the steam room and shower.
Twist and bend wires.
Make wiring on surfaces that heat up strongly and quickly and above the stove.
Connect more than 2 lamps to one switch.

With these rules in mind, the first step is to electrical network to the bath, if it is located in another room that is not adjacent to the house.

Ways of supplying electricity to the bath room.

Connection of the bath to the central electrical network is possible by air or underground methods. Using the method of conducting the wire underground is not very advisable, since you need to dig a fairly deep trench and buy an expensive cable.

Air installation involves laying a wire from the main shield to the bath room through the air and must comply with certain requirements in accordance with GOST and PUE. Be sure the wiring should not interfere with traffic if the route crosses carriageway and the movement of pedestrians.

From the main connection point - a pole or a power shield at home, the distance to the bath should not exceed 15 m. If this figure is greater, then you need to add a pole in order to avoid a cable break. To the bath building itself, as well as to the building of the house, the wires are attached at a height of 2.7 m to special insulators. (fig.1)

To connect the bath, you can use the wires of self-supporting insulation (SIP). For a bath room, a connection is used with both one and three phases. The choice of the number of phases depends on the power of the devices, the use of which is planned in the bath, and the method of connecting the house is also taken into account.

The total power of a single-phase connection is about 10 kW, and a three-phase connection is up to 30 kW. But in the second case, it is desirable to use a stabilizer, so when one of the phases is loaded, the remaining two may not work correctly.

For a single-phase line, it is better to use an SIP for input with two wires, and for a three-phase line, an SIP with four leads is suitable. For attaching wire to outer wall anchor clamps are used, the wire itself should be insulated with corrugated pipes or boxes.

Before entering the bath in a special box, you must install a two- or four-pole machine, depending on the number of connected phases. External the wire goes to the machine, and from the machine, that is, inside the bath, another wire, it will serve for internal wiring.

The number of the machine must be an order of magnitude higher than on the machine, which is located on the power shield. It is imperative to remember about grounding, and the hole in the wall must be properly reinforced with a metal tube.

What to do first?

First you need to draw an approximate wiring diagram in the bath room. This business should not be done by an amateur who knows nothing about electrics. It is better to consult with a qualified worker who will do everything in the best possible way. On it, you can and should determine where sockets, switches, electrical appliances, lamps will be placed and in what quantity.

The wiring diagram in the bath will help calculate the length of the cable and calculate its allowable power.

Electrical panel in bath room must be separate from the main shield. This is done in order to be able to de-energize the electricity transmission line as quickly as possible in the event of a fire or other dangerous situation.

It is located as close as possible to the underwater wires, and must also have automatic shutdown devices. It is recommended to hang the shield at a height of 1.5 - 1.8 m from the floor.
A very important step is the choice of cable.

It must be insulated as much as possible, preferably three-wire, for the possibility of grounding appliances and sockets, the metal part is copper or one that can be used for interior work.
Also, do not forget that all devices must be moisture resistant and heat resistant. It is desirable that the sockets have special mechanisms that protect against moisture.

Cable section selection

For organizing electrical wiring in the bath with your own hands, an important factor is the choice of cable section. A cable with a small cross-sectional diameter may not withstand the load of large power devices, which will cause ignition of the wires of the electrical network.
Cable thickness for single phase connection.
If a single-phase connection is made with a wire with two cores, then the first is the phase core, and the second is neutral. In a wire with three cores, there is still a ground (protective conductor).
Calculation example.
The calculation of the cross section is given taking into account the standard voltage of 220 V:

The combination of current strength and cable cross-section is presented in the table:

Thus, a cable with a cross-sectional diameter of 1.5 square meters is suitable. mm. There is also an unspoken rule that for every 2 kW of power consumption, it is necessary to increase the cable thickness by 1 sq. mm. But as the wire diameter increases, this ratio will not be accurate.

Experienced electricians recommend taking into account a small margin in their calculations, in the amount of 25%. Thus, for the example above, a thickness of 2.5 square meters should be chosen. mm. Because: Power: 3120W*1.25=3900W Current: 3900W/220V=17.37A

Section diameter according to the table: 2.5 sq. mm.

Important! For each group connected to the bath shield electrical appliances, the diameter of the section is calculated separately. The wires that connect the main and bath shields have the largest cross section, since this wire must correspond to the power of all appliances in the bath, as well as the wire connecting the electric furnace. The value of the current strength is also important for choosing a circuit breaker.

Its value should be slightly higher than the value of the current that is consumed. So, if the current is 23 A, the circuit breaker should be 25 A and even 32 A. When connecting wiring to a bath, an important factor is the choice of a residual current device (RCD). On this device, the manufacturer always indicates the value of the current that it is capable of passing.

If the current strength in the network is 22-28 A, then you can safely buy an RCD with a value of at least 30 A. But considering high humidity in the bath, an experienced electrician will advise a 10 mA RCD. In this case, the probability of accidental electric shock is practically reduced to zero. Preparation for wiring. When everything is selected and bought in the right quantities, you need to check everything again and prepare for the responsible process. To begin with, you can outline the future wire route with a pencil.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account the distance from the floor, ceiling, door jambs, heating items. The exact numbers are shown in the figure below. (fig4) If the wire needs to be turned, then it should only be a right angle. The cable is used only solid. If necessary, the wiring can only be connected in the junction box using special terminals, no twisting is acceptable.

Check the fixtures, they should also be protected by special shades. For lighting, optical fiber is now quite often used, since it does not conduct electricity and is safer. The number of lighting fixtures depends on the size of the room, but do not forget about natural light.

A window is required. It will also serve as a means of ventilation. If the bathhouse is brick, then all wiring should be hidden under the plaster. If the walls are wooden, then two options can be used here: hidden (internal) and open.

Installation of electrical wiring in the bath in an open way is carried out using special boxes, trays or electrical skirting boards. This method is quite fast and convenient.

Fast because there is no need to additionally hammer the walls, and convenient - the wires are easily accessible for repairs. But aesthetically not quite beautiful, especially on wooden walls. How to make it more attractive? For this, hidden installation is used.

At the same time, the electrical wiring in the bath is safer, the service life is longer. Disadvantages: Difficulty in accessing separate sections and difficult installation. To sum up and highlight the steps that you need to go through to bring and breed electrical wiring in the bath:

the choice of method and the supply of electricity to the bath room;
drawing of the wiring diagram in the bath on paper;
calculation and selection of the cable section;
buying everything you need;
installation of the shield and its connection to electricity;
wiring for all the right premises with the installation of sockets, switches and other necessary devices.

Do-it-yourself wiring in the bath should be laid as safely as possible, since even with minor violations, there may be a risk of injury electric shock, even if you accidentally touch the cable. And in a room with a high level of humidity, it is deadly.

In the bath, you can relax, chat with friends and improve your health. However, in order for the bath to be truly useful and, most importantly, safe, you need to competently approach the issue of its arrangement. One of milestones the arrangement of the bath is the installation of wiring. This is a very responsible job that requires a qualified approach. However, with a strong desire, you can cope with all the tasks on your own.

Wiring in a bath has many important differences from wiring in other types of rooms. In the steam room it is noted elevated level air humidity, and this point must be taken into account when planning, installing and directly operating electrical wiring.

First of all, you must conduct an individual power supply line from the main panel, as well as create an individual ground loop. You can calculate the appropriate parameters of the circuit breaker and the cross section of the electric cable after determining the total power of the equipment that will be installed in the bath in the future. Under any circumstances, the cable must be laid with a certain margin.

There are 2 main ways to lay a power cable to the bath - underground and over the air. The specific method is selected taking into account the distance to the main shield and other conditions of the particular situation.

Both methods have both their advantages and serious disadvantages. Therefore, the feasibility of using each of the methods must be assessed on an individual basis, not forgetting the basic rules for performing electrical work.

It is important to know that it is forbidden to install switches and sockets in the washing room and directly in the steam room. These devices can be placed exclusively in the dressing room and various rooms recreation. Sockets and switches are installed at a height of at least 900 mm from the floor surface. Sockets must be with waterproof covers and have a protection class of at least IP-44. The minimum permissible class of protection for luminaires is IP-54.

Electrical wiring should be organized in such a way that the length of all wires laid to electrical appliances is as short as possible. Lay wiring over heating unit prohibited.

Laying a power line through the air requires minimal cash costs. If the bath is more than 25 m away from the main shield, one more intermediate support must be installed before starting installation work. The cable is laid directly by stretching. The option of laying on porcelain insulators is also welcome.

In the relevant normative documentation the permissible height of the laying of the electric cable is strictly prescribed, namely:

at least 600 cm above the carriageway;
at least 350 cm above the footpaths;
at least 275 cm above the ground at the point where the cable is attached to the bath.

Standard laying is carried out using an insulated self-supporting SIP cable. Traditionally, such cables are labeled as SIP-3 and SIP-4, there is also a variety labeled SIP-2A.

Such products are equipped with a special resistant coating and additional elements, due to which the resistance of cables to overloads is significantly increased. However, such products have their drawback - they are quite difficult to enter into the circuit breaker, especially without experience in electrical work.

The cable is inserted directly into the bath through a special metal sleeve. It is important that the cable has a cross section of 16 mm2. This section is sufficient for current strength up to 63A. In the case of a single-phase connection, such wiring will withstand a power of 14 kW, if it is created three-phase connection, then the power indicator will increase to 42 kW, i.e. exactly 3 times. For an ordinary private steam room, this power is even more than enough.

However, SIP cables are used exclusively on the way from the main shield to the bath building. Directly in the bath should be laid electrical cables such as NG or NYM with a cross section of 10 mm2. At the transition points, use special sealed connectors, in this case - "copper-aluminum". The SIP cable is fastened with anchor clamps-tensioners.

It will take more time, effort and money to lay electrical cables underground compared to the previous method. Resource costs increase due to the need to dig a trench. On average, they dig a trench 70-100 cm deep.

In addition, the cost of electrical work is not in the best way affects the need to use a more expensive cable type VBbShv. These are special armored cables made using copper conductors. They are characterized by a higher degree of security compared to SIP cables. Special internal and external protection makes the VBBSHV cable resistant to damage by various rodents and soil shrinkage.

To enter the cable into the bath, an ordinary metal sleeve is used, as in the previous method. The design of such a sleeve will additionally protect the cable from different kind damage resulting from temperature and other deformations of the wall.

The minimum allowable trench depth is 70 cm. Fill the bottom of the pit with a 10 cm layer of sand. Lay the electrical cable, pour another 10 cm layer of sand on top, and fill the remaining space with the soil dug earlier.

Make sure that when laying the cable there is no excessive tension and the risk of any kind of mechanical damage to the product. To avoid trouble, lay the cable in a trench in waves. This will ensure the required margin and exclude the possibility of excessive cable tension during temperature changes and ground movements.

It was previously mentioned that the required cross-section of products is determined after calculating the total power of electrical appliances, which will later be used in the bath. Such a calculation is performed in an extremely simple sequence.

First step. Write down from the passport of each device the value of its power. Sum the resulting values.

Second step. Add a reserve of 4-5 kW to the amount found. Additionally, add a couple of kilowatts to the lamps to the calculated value.

Third step. Divide the total power of all electrical equipment by 2. This will give you a suitable cable size. For example, if you calculated that the power of all units that will be operated in the future in the bath is 6 kW (with a mandatory margin), then to ensure the full operation of the system, you need to use a cable with a cross section of 3 mm2.

Lay internal wiring from cables with waterproof insulation or a sheath of a double layer of rubber. Connect lamps and sockets using VVGng-LS cables.

Directly in the steam room, the only electrical appliances allowed for use are lighting lamps. They are connected with cables that are resistant to moisture and extreme temperature air, for example, RKGM or PRKA.

For additional security wires should be laid in cable channels and corrugated tubes. Such precautions in the event of a fire will contain the flame and prevent the fire from spreading too far.

If the wiring will be laid under the lining, use plastic corrugated pipes designed specifically for electrical wires. The corrugation is characterized by excellent flexibility, and you can lay the wiring in the maximum short terms. Of the sizes, corrugated pipes with a diameter of 1.6 cm and 2 cm are most widely used.

It is important that a special thin wire is present inside the corrugated pipe. It will allow you to conveniently and quickly pull the cable through the tube. Check this point when choosing accessories.

Choosing a place for the shield

Choose a place to install the shield so that it can be easily accessed. The installation of the shield can only be carried out indoors with normal temperature and the optimal level of air humidity, i.e. a washing room and a steam room are not suitable for these purposes.

Traditionally, the electrical panel is mounted in the locker room or vestibule, if available. The top of such a panel should be placed at a distance of 150-180 cm from the floor level.

The design of the electrical panel includes an introductory machine and several outgoing ones. Additionally, it is recommended to install quality device emergency shutdown. In case of any kind of current leakage, such a device will automatically turn off the power supply, thereby eliminating the risk of fire and electric shock to people.

Thus, if desired, the installation of wiring in the bath can be done by hand. However, immediately set yourself up for responsible and most attentive work. Select suitable option wiring and follow all the recommendations received in the process of laying wiring directly in the bath. Any errors or violations regulatory requirements can lead to extremely dangerous situations, do not forget about it.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself wiring to the bath

Wiring in a bath naturally differs from wiring in a residential building. The room closest to the requirement is the bathroom. It also has a place high humidity, but the temperatures are, of course, different.

However, in the bath, not all rooms are equally problematic from the point of view of an electrician. So the most "problematic" we would call steam room and washing. Lounge, dressing room, bathroom and veranda do not require increased protection of wiring and devices.

The question arises: Is it necessary to use more expensive heat-resistant wires? for electrical wiring in the steam room of the bath? For those who have no way out and have to conduct wiring inside the walls of the steam room - yes, definitely. If you lead according to the rules - only through the wall to the lamp, then this is a matter of ease of replacing the wire.

The fact is that simple PVC insulation is necessary over time. collapse in the area subject to action high temperature . Usually this at the entrance of the wire to the lamp. Therefore, it is recommended to do this section heat resistant.

In a steam room with an electric oven

electric furnace used only in sauna,(because we question the ability of electric furnaces without a steam generator to create a Russian bath regime).

Power calculation usually done in a simplified way, according to the cubic capacity of the room, based on a ratio of 1-1.5 kilowatts per cubic meter. Therefore, it is enough for you to proceed from one or one and a half volumes of the steam room. Suppose that a steam room is given 1.8 * 1.4 * 2.1 (DShV). Its volume is 5.3 cubic meters. Therefore, the furnace power is from 5 to 8 kW. And it's still small steam room!

It is clear that such a power plant is not put on a regular outlet (here the current strength is 23-36 A, and a regular outlet can withstand 10-16 A). The wire is brought out and connected there to a power outlet (they come in different capacities).

Heat-resistant wires of the required section included with the oven, so you only need to bring them out and connect them.

BY THE WAY! A grounding plug requires a grounding in the outlet, this is not new, right? 🙂

But with the electric furnace, there are still requirements for grounding. Ideally, you make a ground loop back in construction process, surrounding the perimeter metal tape, which is welded to the grid on the floor, and then connecting it to the ground in the shield.

Wiring

There are certain principles wiring that is true when building any scheme wiring in the bath, depending on the specific conditions. That is, you build a scheme for a given layout of the premises, but follow the general rules.

Above, we have already talked about what constitutes an electrical panel device. Do you remember about consumer groups, each of which has its own automatic protection.

IMPORTANT! Each power plant can (and should) have a circuit breaker.

But the lighting and socket groups of consumers quite allow connection several consumers in series with the help of branches in branch boxes.

REMEMBER! Usually, no more than five sockets or lamps are placed on one cable. If you have more of them, make a second group of the same name.

The rules say that in addition to automatic protection devices, it is advisable to install RCD, this is especially true for electrical equipment in wet rooms.

Residual current devices - RCD

Exists two basic wiring diagrams in the bath (and not only in it), as well as the third scheme, which is a combination of the first two.

The first scheme is sequential

We have already said above that sockets and lamps can be connected successively on one supply cable, simply by making taps from it inside the junction boxes in the right places.

This scheme is the simplest and therefore most popular. In addition, it can be called more budget, because when using it, there is no need to install a separate machine for each current consumer. In the case of the described consumer groups, this is unprofitable.

The second scheme is "Star"

This is about parallel connection, also called "star". This name can be explained, probably, by the fact that a “beam” cable stretches from each of the current consumers to the shield, which, if there are a sufficient number of consumers, should really form something like a “star”.

There are cases when such a connection cost-effective. We can definitely say that it is cost-effective for powerful current consumers, which need special cables with a large cross section, special sockets. But it is needed when it comes to homogeneous low-power consumers.

"Star" costly because an automatic machine is installed on each cable, the number and length of cables increase, a more powerful shield has to be taken, and work on such an installation is much more difficult and, accordingly, more expensive.

Therefore, the combined method is optimal.

The third scheme - "Loop"

Actually, we describe it from the beginning of this article. This is when groups of consumers are created in the shield, and some cables lead to single powerful consumers.

Not a single modern room today is left without lighting. Wiring in the bath and steam room is the same necessary component as other attributes of comfort. The electricity supply system is necessary for lighting and the operation of electrical appliances. However, due to the increased humidity of vaporization, extra care is needed to reduce the likelihood of short circuits in the network and the occurrence of fires. Competent design and installation of wiring in wooden bath will make you feel completely safe.

What is important to know about the features of lighting in the bath?

To conduct electrical wiring in the bath, it is not necessary to call an electrician, since you can do the wiring in the bath with your own hands. But it is important to follow some rules, without which the full operation of the equipment is impossible.

A couple of centuries ago, our ancestors tried to take a steam bath in the daytime, so as not to use a torch or a candle, which do not like high humidity. A kerosene lamp changed the situation a little, but full-fledged electric lighting allows you to carry out all hygiene procedures in the evening, after a hard day.

At the request of the owners electrical wiring in the bath can be powerful enough to equip with all kinds of lamps. But most often they are satisfied:

poor lighting of the steam room;
moderate lighting of the bath itself;
sufficient lighting of the dressing room and dressing room.

Attention: It is important to balance the lighting so that the light is not too bright and blinding. But it is better to avoid too dim lamps - they are unfavorable for general well-being for vision, especially in the evening. Normal subdued light contributes to the formation of a cozy atmosphere.

Wire selection and power calculation

Before you do the wiring in the bath with your own hands, it is important to calculate the power that can provide the required load. For calculations, you can use special tables and ready-made schemes. Before that, you will have to write down the estimated power of electrical appliances used in the steam room, bath and dressing room. Such indicators are usually indicated in the documentation or on the equipment case:

lighting fixtures;
washing machine;
"warm floor" system;
heated towel rails;
other connected devices (hair dryer, boiler, etc.).

For this purpose, do not forget to take sockets in the dressing room or locker room to connect electrical appliances. This load will also be taken into account when calculating the installation of wiring in the bath. When the bath is provided only with economical light bulbs, then 2 kW is enough.

Having calculated the total load, determine the cross section of the wires used for electrical wiring. Experts say that for every 2 kW of power they take 1 sq. mm of the cable section, that is, divide by 2. And remember that the wire is sufficiently insulated to ensure safety and protection from fires. It is best to buy a double-layer insulated cable, and additionally protect all joints from moisture and steam.

Advice: Perfect option wires with a high degree of protection will be offered in a building supermarket, for example, the brand APRN, PRHD, APPV, etc. You will also need PVC tubes for laying the cable so that the water in the bath does not damage the power supply.

When the wiring in the bath and steam room is laid along wooden surface, it is proposed to mount asbestos sheets under the cable. It must be at least 1 cm wider than the wire.

A little about security

The sad statistics of fires in residential and utility rooms indicates a gross violation of safety regulations. Unfortunately, it is impossible to save on safety - it threatens with a fire, especially in a wooden sauna and steam room. The structure of the bath, due to a short circuit, the network can burn out in an hour and a half.

Wiring in rooms with high humidity is mounted on the basis of the PUE standards - the rules for the installation of electrical installations. According to these requirements, it is recommended to place all fittings only in the dressing room or adjacent rooms, these are:

switches;
sockets;
shield;
counter;
switches;
household appliances, etc.

In the steam room, mini-pool, shower room, washing department in the bath, it is strictly forbidden to mount or install all this. All lighting fixtures are bought in such a way that they are:

with a spherical shade;
With maximum protection from water ingress;
with a hermetic connection of the cartridge and the ceiling.

The wiring diagram in the bath should be as simple and understandable as possible. Better to use ready scheme, but adjust it to fit your space.

The scheme takes into account:

all lighting fixtures;
sockets and switches;
electric stove or fireplace;
temperature sensors and moisture meter;
infrared heater or electric fireplace;
"warm floor" system;
illumination of a shower cabin, a jacuzzi or a mini-pool;
auxiliary sockets Appliances (washing machine, hair dryer, TV), etc.

Attention: Due to the steam that is inevitable in the sauna and steam room, before making the wiring in the sauna, it is important to consider protection, that is, to ensure that all knots and connections on the terminals are vapor-tight.

What is the best way to bring the cable into the bath?

When the bath is built, it is important to think about how to throw the cable to the bath so that it is not damaged by adverse weather factors. Usually the power cable is pulled from the main shield, but it all depends on the degree of removal of the bath from:

pole with electric cable;
the main living space (detached or adjoining).

The cable is pulled along the ground (underground) or through the air, by means of support poles or supports. SIP or self-supporting insulated cable is more suitable here, because it does not need an additional cable. This is a reliable and durable electric cable that is pulled to the bath, a small hole is made in the wall for an insulating pipe, into which it is pulled for further wiring in the bath.

It is most reliable to lay the cable underground, since it is not afraid of:

strong gusts of wind,
falling trees and poles,
natural disasters.

Such wiring is more time-consuming and expensive, but the most practical and attractive in appearance. Agree, the wires tangled in the branches of the trees around the house and the bath do not look very good. In addition, it creates a fire hazard. The cable is laid underground in a small trench at a depth of about 50-80, depending on climate zone and soil type. You can lay an armored cable or protect it with a tube.

The place where the cable enters the bath should be slightly above the head and on the wall where it is easiest to provide waterproofing. In the drilled hole, the walls are equipped with steel or plastic pipe. It is advisable to have the inlet at an angle to the stack so that oblique rain does not flood there. When the cable is inserted, both sides of the hole in the wall are sealed with special plugs in the form of a sleeve and a funnel.

Tip: It is undesirable to lead several communications and wires through one hole - they must have a separate entry point.

Features of mounting sockets and switches

Wiring in the bath is supplied not only to lighting fixtures and their switches. Everyone knows how convenient it is to have a spare socket on hand to plug in a hair dryer or an electric shaver. There is a lot of specialized material on how to do this most competently. First of all, they must be connected to the main switchboard. Do not forget about grounding.

It is undesirable that wiring to switches and sockets be laid in an open way, with the exception of wooden buildings. Although the groove for the wire is easy to hollow out in a wooden wall, it is then difficult to decorate it later. The exception is the log house, where the cable is laid at the junction of logs.

Hidden electrical wiring for a bath can be used in brick buildings or block baths. For this, grooved channels lined with asbestos are made. And open electrical wiring is carried out along a wooden wall. You can isolate the wiring in the wall using plastic or metal corrugations. Special insulating plates or boxes are placed under sockets and switches, and they are also treated with asbestos or alabaster.

Attention: It is forbidden to twist the wiring in the bathhouse, connect the ends of the wire only with the help of terminals, and the joints must be hermetically sealed.

Tip: Sockets are selected with a moisture protection level of at least IP-44, and are placed at least 1 m from the floor. Ask your hardware store for sockets with protective covers and grounding.

Installation of the shield in the bath

Those who already know how to wire in a bathhouse start with a switchboard that guarantees the quality of the network connection. It is important to think appropriate place to place it:

it must be accessible;
the room must be ventilated or ventilated;
should not be high humidity high temperature;
it is recommended to provide good daylight and artificial lighting in that place;
the shield is located at a sufficient height where small children cannot reach, that is, from 1.7 m above floor level;
it is forbidden to place extraneous communications and elements there;
it is important to observe all the conditions for the output of a three-core cable, a zero core and all contacts located in the switchboard.

The cross section of each cable must correspond to the expected load, and the wiring from the shield must be a solid wire. Remember to provide grounding. The cores are connected by soldering. The shield must not be connected until you are sure that the entire system is ready for operation. The transformer for connecting the power supply is suitable for 220 volts. It is also desirable to provide an automatic emergency shutdown system or a differential system.

To ensure the full operation of the electric heater in the bath, use low-voltage sensors. They are placed on a remote wall, above 1 m from the floor. As a rule, the heater is connected without sockets and separately from main system power supply - from the shield is diverted separate cable, powered by a generator, with a separate ground.

Lighting fixtures and lamps for the bath

When buying lighting fixtures and light bulbs for a bath, one cannot but reckon with the specificity of the room. Available for sale special lamps with sealed cable entry made of metal, ceramic or glass. In no case do not buy plastic cases, as it overheats, deforms and releases a specific smell into the air.

Sometimes in modern baths a special lighting design is used - with diode backlighting separate zones and spotlights. The lighting design looks beautiful:

bathing containers;
podiums, niches and ledges;
fountains and decorative corners with plants.

The more airtight the lamp, the better, therefore, for a bath, they most often buy spherical shades that are screwed into the cartridge. Ceiling lamps in the form of a tablet also look good. It is not recommended to use a sconce with mirror surface because it will constantly fog up.

Metal finish without protective coating or permanent chrome plating is also not recommended, since rust is likely to occur. Use copper or bronze fixtures that are not afraid of moisture. Glass or light bulbs are chosen opaque, where the settling vapor is less noticeable. It is undesirable for a bath to buy powerful light bulbs, more than 75 watts.

About all the intricacies of arranging wiring in the bath - our video:

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