Potato varieties for the Yaroslavl region - personal experience. Potato varieties for the Leningrad region When to plant potatoes in the Leningrad region

Preparing tubers for planting and planting potatoes

Taking into account the climatic and soil features of the Leningrad region, the choice optimal grade potatoes for planting is very important. Varieties differ not only in taste, color, tuber shape and ripening speed, but also in resistance to diseases and pests. Different varieties have optimum growth at different temperatures and humidity.

It is necessary, first of all, to pay attention to the variety of what ripening terms you need.

According to the ripening period, potato varieties are divided into:

• early (early) (70-80 days for full maturation)
• mid-early (80-90)
• mid-season (90-110)
• mid-late (110-120)
• late (120-140)

See also useful information about growing potatoes in the section

Second, decide what you plan to use the potatoes for. If for storage, then keeping quality is important. How will you use it - for cooking or mashing it is better to use potatoes with a high starch content (such varieties are boiled soft), for salads - on the contrary, with a reduced one. The resistance of the variety to diseases common in the region should also be taken into account. Of course, you should choose, first of all, among those varieties whose high-quality seed material you can purchase.

High quality seed tubers, good preparation for planting and high quality landings have great importance in obtaining early friendly shoots and a high yield. For planting, it is necessary to use only healthy tubers of zoned shell-resistant potato varieties.

The best for planting are potato tubers weighing from 50 to 80 g (the size of a chicken egg). However, with an appropriate planting depth and feeding area, high yields of potatoes can be obtained by planting healthy small tubers weighing 30–40 g and half tubers weighing 90–120 g or the tops of large tubers, the weight of which should be 50–70 g.

To preserve and improve the potato variety and the seed qualities of tubers, it is necessary to select the most productive bushes with large healthy tubers that have the correct shape for the variety during potato harvesting. Selection of seed tubers the best bushes will increase the yield of potatoes in next year by 13-22%.

Various methods of preparing tubers for planting allow you to accelerate the appearance of the most aligned and friendly seedlings and increase the number of stems in the bushes.

result proper preparation tubers for planting is a significant increase in potato yields.

Most effective ways preparation of potato tubers for planting are:

• selection of healthy tubers
• tuber size and weight calibration
• cutting large tubers
• germination in the light (vernalization) and growing sprouts
• germination of tubers in wet peat or sawdust
• heating of tubers
• wetting of tubers with solutions of fertilizers, methylene blue and other substances

Selection of healthy tubers

During storage, some of the tubers are affected by various diseases. Such tubers, falling into the soil, quickly decompose or germinate, but give rise to weak bushes. In addition, these tubers and bushes increase the disease of other plants, which significantly reduces the yield of potatoes. Therefore, the first work in preparing seed potatoes for planting is the selection of healthy and the removal of diseased tubers. Careful selection of healthy tubers increases the yield of potatoes from 8 to 36%.

Tuber sizing

The unfriendly appearance and sparseness of seedlings, different growth and different productivity of potato bushes in the fields depend on many reasons. The main one is planting potatoes with uncalibrated, different in size and quality, whole tubers and their halves.

Given the different quality of seed tubers, they must be divided into groups by size and weight and planted separately. For planting with whole tubers, it is necessary to select tubers weighing 30-40, 50-60 and 70-80 g; for planting halves of tubers weighing 90-120 g.

On the site intended for harvesting early potatoes, tubers weighing 70-80 g or the upper halves of tubers weighing 90-120 g should be planted. From tubers weighing 30-40 and 50-60 g and the lower halves, a high yield is obtained only with late harvesting.

Cutting tubers for planting

If there is not enough seed tubers weighing from 30 to 80 g for planting, then halves of tubers weighing 90-120 g and the tops of large tubers can be planted. It is necessary to cut the tubers across and plant the upper and lower halves separately on a different feeding area.

Experiments have shown that cutting tubers into two halves is accompanied by damage to the apical buds, which reduces the yield of potatoes by 12-16%. Tubers should be cut 3-4 weeks before planting and no later than a week. When a tuber is cut early, a dry corky layer of cells appears on the cut, which protects the tubers from rotting in the soil.

Early cutting and planting halves of tubers does not increase potato diseases in the area, since tubers affected by various diseases are easily detected and rejected during cutting.

Sprouting in the light (vernalization) and growing seed potato sprouts

This method of preparing tubers for planting is the best way to get a potato harvest in the early stages of harvesting.

During vernalization, a large number of buds germinate, root tubercles form on the lower part of the sprouts, and during growing, the sprouts and roots start to grow. After planting such tubers, shoots quickly appear together with large quantity stems in the bushes.

You can vernalize tubers in any bright room at a temperature of 12-15°C for 20-31 days. For vernalization, it is better to put the tubers in boxes in 1-2 layers with the tops up. To protect the tubers from wilting and improve the conditions for the appearance of sprouts and root tubercles, it is necessary to spray them with water every 5-7 days.

The vernalized tubers 5-7 days before planting should be put into boxes with peat or sawdust moistened with a solution of copper sulphate (2 g per 10 l of water), or methylene blue (3 g per 10 l of water), or boric acid(2g per 10 liters of water).

Properly vernalized and grown tubers should have thick shoots 2-3 cm long with roots of the same length.

Germination of tubers in wet peat or sawdust

For the germination of potatoes in moist peat, various dark, ventilated rooms are suitable, in which it is possible to have a temperature of 12-15 ° C and relative humidity air 65-70%.

Darkness and a wet layer of peat or sawdust at a temperature of 12-15 C create conditions for the rapid development of sprouts and roots.

Well germinated potatoes should have thick sprouts 2-3 cm long and roots of the same length. For such germination, 12-15 days are required. An increase in the germination period is unacceptable, as this will cause a strong growth of sprouts and roots, their interlacing and a decrease in yield.

If rainy weather delays the planting of potatoes, then you can stop the growth of sprouts and roots of germinated potatoes by ventilating the room and lowering the temperature to 4-5 ° C.

For germination, the tubers are placed in rows in potato or tomato boxes and layered with wet peat or sawdust. At the bottom of the box and above the upper tubers there should be a layer of peat 4-6 cm thick. Peat or sawdust is moistened with a solution in the same way when growing vernalized potatoes.

Tuber heating

The purpose of warming the tubers before planting is to create favorable conditions awakening of the kidneys. This speeds up the appearance of sprouts and roots after planting the tubers in the soil. Shoots appear 4-6 days earlier than when planting unheated tubers. Productivity in late terms of harvesting increases by 7-13%. Tubers stored in the basement or in closed pits can be warmed up on the street or in open spaces at a temperature of 8-15 ° C for 7-10 days. After warming up a day before planting, the tubers should be moistened with a solution of copper sulfate (2 g per 10 liters of water).

Wetting vernalized, germinated or heated tubers improves potato growth and reduces bush disease. In our experiments, wetting seed tubers with solutions of copper sulphate, methylene blue and boric acid increased the yield of potatoes in various years from 3 to 37%.

planting potatoes

Potatoes prefer loose, deeply cultivated, light and medium loamy or sandy soils. Requirements for soil fertility in this crop are high. The soil should be dug up from autumn to a depth of 25-35 cm.

Potatoes love well-lit sunny places: placing this crop in shady places leads to stretching of plants and the formation of small tubers. Potatoes are not recommended to be grown two years in a row in one place, since in this case pests and pathogens accumulate in the soil, it begins to degenerate. Potatoes are returned to their original place no earlier than after 3-4 years. It can be placed after any vegetable or grain crop, with the exception of tomato, pepper, eggplant and strawberries.

The high quality of planting potatoes is of great importance not only for increasing the yield, but also for obtaining it in the early stages. Planting tubers should ensure the fastest emergence of potato seedlings, development of the root system, improved nutrition and water supply to plants throughout the growing season.

The main indicators of planting quality are: planting time, planting rate and feeding area, depth and quality of incorporation, shape of the field surface after planting, straightness of rows and uniform arrangement of tubers in rows.

In the Leningrad region, potatoes must be planted early

Early planting, as well as the use of various methods of preparing tubers for planting, accelerates the emergence of seedlings, the growth of roots and tubers of potatoes.

Late planting of tubers, even with rapid germination, causes a decrease in potato yield. However, very early planting of potatoes in “immature”, cold, damp and poorly loosened soil is also unacceptable, since the tubers fall into unfavorable conditions for the growth of roots and sprouts. Under such conditions, the disease of potatoes with rhizoctonia and other diseases intensifies. At the same time, a large number of sprouts die, shoots appear unfriendly, weak and sparse. Premature planting on damp clay soils is especially dangerous.

The best time for planting potatoes is the period from May 1 to May 15

At this time, at a depth of 8-10 cm in loamy soils, a temperature of 8-10 ° C is set, and in sandy loamy soils 10--12 ° C. The beginning of planting potatoes usually coincides with the beginning of the unfolding of leaves on a birch, and the end of planting - with the beginning of bird cherry blossoms . In the early stages, vernalized tubers should be planted on light warm sandy loamy soils.

Planting rate and planting density of potatoes. Numerous experiments and practice have shown that the highest potato yields are obtained in dense plantings. Planting density and tuber planting rate depend on the potato variety, the quality of the soil and seed tubers, and the weather. Early ripe varieties have less developed tops, so they need to be planted thicker.

On the fertile soils you should also increase the number of bushes and reduce their feeding area.

Tuber depth

In the conditions of the Leningrad region, it is crucial for rapid growth roots, sprouts and sprouts of potatoes have heat and air access to the tubers. At the beginning of potato growth, there is always enough of it in the soil. Therefore, deep planting of tubers delays the emergence of seedlings and reduces the yield of potatoes. In our experiments, with shallow incorporation of tubers, seedlings appeared 3–5 days earlier, the number of stems in the bushes increased by 12–17%, and the yield by 16–24% compared with conventional deep incorporation.

The best depth for planting tubers is determined by taking into account the quality and condition of the soil, the weather, the quality of the seed tubers and the surface of the field after planting.

For whole tubers weighing 50-60 and 70-80 g and for halves of large tubers best depth embedding on a flat surface is 8-9 cm and when planting in ridges 10-12 cm, and for small tubers weighing 30-40 g -6-7 cm when embedding on a flat surface and 8-9 cm when planting in ridges.

On loamy soils in rainy and cold spring and at early dates planting, the depth of planting tubers should be reduced by 1–2 cm. In warm, dry spring on light soils and at later planting dates, it is advisable to increase the planting depth by 1–2 cm. 12 cm and less than 5 cm significantly reduces the germination and yield of potatoes.

On loamy soils, in low areas and on sandy loamy soils great advantage before planting on a flat surface has planting potatoes in the ridges. They warm up well, which provides best height potatoes and tuber maturation. To plant tubers in ridges, it is necessary to make grooves 10-12 cm deep on sandy and 6-8 cm deep on loamy soils on the treated soil surface with a hoe or shovel, spread the tubers in them and spud with a hoe or rake so that they are embedded on desired depth.

To quickly and easily plant tubers on flat surface soil (not into the ridges), it is necessary to pull the cord and plant the tubers along it in regular rows. For the first tuber, make a hole by throwing the soil aside with a shovel. Cover the tuber placed in the prepared hole with soil from each next hole. After planting, loosen the soil above the rows of tubers and the traces between the rows with a rake in order to reduce the evaporation of water from the soil.

Prevention and control of late blight

Late blight is the most harmful potato disease. The main danger of the disease is the huge speed of its development. Under favorable weather conditions, the number of pathogen populations grows exponentially, and the growth of the disease in plantings of susceptible varieties untreated with fungicide is so rapid that the entire field can become infected from single diseased bushes in 10-15 days, and in 2-3 weeks the plants can be completely destroyed. In Russia, annual losses from this disease average about 4 million tons. In the years of epiphytoties, the productivity of varieties susceptible to the disease without the use of special protective agents can decrease by 1.5-2 times, and crop losses can reach 50-60%.

Photofluorosis develops inside potato leaves and causes the formation dark spots. In conditions high humidity air from the underside of the leaves around the spots on the border of healthy and diseased tissue, a white coating appears, which is the sporulation of the oomycete. Spores are carried by rain and wind, fall on healthy potato bushes and infect them. Spots on infected leaves become visible 3-5 days after infection. In dry weather, the tops turn brown and dry out, in wet weather they rot.

On the stems, the disease manifests itself in the form of dark brown oblong spots, on which sporulation is noticeable in wet weather. With severe damage, the stems become brittle. Unlike leaf spots, stem spots can sporulate for a long time.

Tubers become infected through lenticels and skin lesions. On the tubers, slightly depressed, sharply limited brown spots are formed, the flesh under which has a rusty-brown color.

Two weeks before harvesting potatoes, it is necessary to mow the tops and remove them from the field. This accelerates the coarsening of the potato peel and increases its resistance to photofluorosis. It is especially important to follow this procedure for seed potatoes. The dug tubers are dried for 3-4 hours in the air. If there is an infection with late blight or harvesting was carried out in rainy weather, then it is necessary to dry the potatoes for 2-3 weeks.

Seed potatoes additionally require gardening in the light for 10-15 days. All seed potatoes must be harvested before August 15-20.

Preparations against potato late blight

Processing method: spraying of vegetative plants.

I think that since you are here, you are one of those who do not want to waste time experimenting and immediately get the best, tastiest varieties of seed potatoes, the most productive and disease resistant.

I will try to indicate all the characteristics of the variety by which one can judge about this potato and decide whether to plant or not.

We took into account the feedback from gardeners from different regions about potato varieties and chose the main, most common varieties with positive responses at the end of 2018.

Gala potatoes, variety description, photo

Early high productive variety potatoes. Round-oval tubers yellow color, the flesh is yellow or dark yellow, the eyes are small. The ripening period is 75-80 days. The mass of each tuber at maturity is 100-140 grams.

Gala potatoes are valued for their high marketability of tubers, resistance to mechanical damage, excellent taste and keeping quality. winter storage. The variety is resistant to potato nematode, cancer, moderately resistant to leaf blight.

Gala potato yield: up to 40 t/ha (subject to agricultural practices).

Potato Impala, characteristics of seed potatoes

Early high yielding variety white potatoes. Its bush is high, up to 75 cm, forms 4-5 stems, white flowers. Impala potato tubers are yellow, oval in shape, small eyes, smooth skin, light yellow flesh.

The variety is resistant to cancer, potato nematode, susceptible to late blight and rhizoctoniosis, slightly affected by viral diseases and common scab. The period from germination to technical ripeness is 70-75 days.

Impala potato yield: up to 36 t/ha.

Potato Impala is valued for its early ripeness, high productivity, presentation and excellent taste of tubers.

Potato Red Scarlet, photos, reviews

This is an early, very productive potato of the Dutch selection. In terms of yield, it surpasses many well-known varieties.

Bush about 70 cm high, forms 7-8 stems, red-violet flowers. Tubers are elongated-oval with a smooth red skin, yellow flesh and small eyes. There are usually 20 or more tubers in the nest, each weighing 80-85 grams.

The Scarlet potato variety is resistant to late blight, cancer, and leaf curl. It tolerates drought well, so it is suitable for growing in very hot climates. The ripening period is about 75 days.

When cooking, potatoes of this variety do not fall apart, retaining the appearance of tubers. It does not darken during cutting, which is typical for many other varieties. Tubers are well stored in the winter.

Potato yield Red Scarlet: up to 46 t/ha (subject to agricultural practices).

Variety Scarlet is resistant to the most famous viral diseases, but weakly resistant to common scab. The variety is sensitive to late blight of tops, but at the same time resistant to late blight of tubers, which is more important.

Tuleevsky potato, variety description, characteristics

This is a Siberian mid-season variety of large-fruited potatoes of Kemerovo selection. The Tuleevsky variety is valued for its excellent taste, it is believed that it has no equal. He surpassed all famous variety Adretta, although it looks very similar. True, Adretta is a little smaller, on average she is the size of a fist. Most of all, Tuleevsky potatoes are suitable for making mashed potatoes, as they are very crumbly.

This potato has yellow tubers with beautiful yellow flesh. The variety does not tolerate drought well, loves moist soil. AT good conditions very large tubers grow, but with a lack of boron in the soil, they may have voids inside. That is, you first need to experiment with a small amount planting material. If the soils are not suitable, then the potatoes will not store well due to voids inside.
The ripening period of this variety is 90-110 days. The bushes are medium-sized, sprawling, the flowers are large, white.

Potato yield Tuleevsky: up to 50 t/ha (subject to agricultural practices).

The Tuleevsky variety is resistant to potato cancer, moderately resistant to the tops and moderately susceptible to tubers to the causative agent of late blight, susceptible to the golden potato nematode.

Potato Luck, photos, reviews

This is an early variety, the period from germination to harvest is 60 to 70 days. The bushes of this variety are dense, low, sprawling with white flowers.

Luck potato tubers are large, oval-shaped, with small eyes and thin skin. The color of the tubers is creamy brown, the flesh is white with excellent taste, each weighs 90 - 120 grams. The number of tubers in the nest is usually 10 - 15 pcs.

Potato yield Luck: 700 - 1200 grams of tubers from 1 bush (subject to agricultural practices).

Potatoes of this variety are resistant to mechanical damage, late blight, cancer, rot, wrinkled mosaic, and viral diseases.

Rosara potatoes, variety description, photo

This is an early variety of potatoes, the ripening period is 70-75 days. Rosary bushes are medium-sized, semi-spreading with red-violet flowers. The tubers of this variety are elongated-oval, with thin skin and small eyes. Potatoes are red, but yellow in cut. This is very delicious potatoes. Each mature tuber weighs 80-115 grams, their number in the nest is up to 18 pieces.

The Rosara potato variety is resistant to potato nematode, cancer and relatively resistant to scab and late blight.

The variety is valued for its stable and high yield and excellent presentation. The most productive variety of all red potato varieties.

Rosara potato yield: 20-31 t/ha.

Bellarosa potato, variety description, characteristics

Early ripe table variety. The bush is tall, erect, the leaf is large, green. The flowers are medium sized, reddish-purple.

The tubers are oval-round, with small eyes and a rough red skin. The flesh is light yellow. Tuber weight ranges from 117 to 207 g. The taste is good. Fruit marketability 82-99%, keeping quality 93%.

The variety is resistant to the causative agent of potato cancer and golden potato cyst nematode.

Maximum Bellarosa potato yield- 385 kg / ha.

The Bellarosa potato variety is included in the State Register of the Russian Federation for the Central Black Earth Region.

Originator: Europlant.

Rocco potatoes, variety description, characteristics

This is a late-ripening, table potato variety of Dutch selection. The bush is erect, of medium height, flowers are red-violet. Oval tubers with red skin and flesh cream color. Average weight 1 tuber 120 g, up to 12 tubers ripen on one bush. Tubers have good keeping quality and are well stored.

This potato is especially tasty in boiled form and fries.

Rocco potato yield: 400 centners per hectare (subject to agricultural practices).

The variety is virus resistant. It tolerates drought and heavy rains very well.

Adretta potatoes, variety description, photo

Mid-season, high-yielding potato variety from German breeders. The first harvest can be harvested on the 60th day, the full ripening of the tubers occurs on the 75th-80th day.

The bush is upright, compact. Leaves are medium to large, light green. Corollas spreading, white. The tubers are round-oval, the skin is yellow, slightly rough, the eyes are small, superficial. The flesh is light yellow to yellow. After heat treatment, slightly crumbly. Great for making mashed potatoes, chips.

Potato yield Adretta: 1.5-2 kg per bush.

Adretta is drought tolerant, tolerates sudden changes in temperature and excessive moisture. Highly resistant to cancer and stem nematode, moderately resistant to late blight and viruses.

Potato Kamensky, characteristics of seed potatoes

Early ripe, high-yielding potato variety of domestic selection. This is an elite variety of table potatoes, which is also suitable for storage.

The tubers are oval-elongated, the skin is red, rough, the eyes are medium in size. The flesh is light yellow to yellow. The average weight of a tuber is 110-130 grams.

The bush is erect, the leaves are medium and large, very hard, dark green in color, have a pronounced waviness of the edge.

Potato yield Kamensky: 185 q/ha.

The main difference between Kamensky and other varieties is that this potato has absolute resistance to the Colorado potato beetle. It is also resistant to potato cancer, late blight of tops and tubers, various mosaics and viral infections. The only disadvantage of this variety is the susceptibility to the potato nematode.

Riviera potatoes, variety characteristics

Ultra-early (the marketable mass of tubers is already gaining on the 40th day from germination), high-yielding table Dutch potato variety. It is suitable for both consumption and long-term storage.

The plant is erect, 75-85 cm high. Stems are strong, powerful root system. The leaves are large, dark green in color, wavy along the edge. Corollas red-violet.

1 bush forms 10-12 tubers. The tubers are oval (rarely rounded) in shape, the peel is thick, slightly rough, light yellow in color. The eyes are superficial. The flesh of this variety is granular, creamy in color. After heat treatment, it becomes crumbly. The average weight of a tuber is 100-170 grams.

Riviera potato yield: 45 t/ha.

Variety advantages: drought tolerance (gives good result in hot regions), medium resistance to a cancerous pathogen, viral potato infections, potato nematode.

Lack of variety: susceptible to scab, and if not harvested in time, susceptible to late blight of tubers and leaves.

Potato Picasso, description, photo

Mid-late (125-140 days), high-yielding, Dutch potato variety table appointment. Picasso potatoes were included in the State Register of Varieties of the Russian Federation in 1995. Zoned in the Central and Central Black Earth regions.

It tolerates high air and soil temperatures during the growing season, and is drought-resistant. The Picasso potato variety is resistant to potato nematode, Fusarium, common scab, and cancer. Moderately resistant to defeat by late blight tops, resistant to damage to tubers.

Please leave your feedback in the comments the best varieties potatoes, because new varieties are appearing and maybe they are better than the previous ones, help information about them get to our readers as soon as possible.

Potatoes can be safely called the queen of our gardens. The most extensive areas in most sites and best places in the cellar - for her.

And on our tables, potatoes appear in a wide variety of dishes, delighting us with both appearance and taste.

Selection of planting material

It has been proven that the choice of a variety is half the success, and the second half is the correct agricultural technology.

When choosing planting material, be sure to consider not only taste preferences, but also the climatic conditions of the zone in which your site is located.

Gardeners in the southern and central regions of our country can afford a greater variety of varieties, but gardeners of the Northwest and other places of "risky farming" more carefully should make a choice taking into account all the characteristics of specific varieties.

It is good when the selected varieties are resistant to low temperatures, high humidity and diseases associated with these conditions. The compact arrangement of tubers in the bush, and the bush itself in plantings, will also be a good quality for ease of processing. That is, to satisfy all the requests of a gardener, potato varieties must have a considerable range of certain properties.

According to the duration of the growing season, all varieties of potatoes are divided into five groups: early - from 80 to 90 days, medium early - from 90 to 115 days, medium - from 115 to 125 days, medium late - from 125 to 140 days, late - more than 140 days. The most important condition for obtaining a good harvest is the biological characteristics of a particular variety, namely, its resistance to diseases and pests.

As a rule, experienced gardeners try to grow several varieties of potatoes that differ from each other in taste and different ripening periods. And whatever the summer, a good part of them will not fail with the harvest. There are a great many varieties of potatoes; more than a hundred have been zoned for cultivation in Russia. Unfortunately, there is no universal variety that would be suitable in all respects for cultivation in any soil and climatic zones of Russia.

The most popular potato varieties for the Northwest

"Zhukovsky early"- early, high-yielding, excellent taste, resistant to late blight scab, fusarium.

"Amorosa"– early, high-yielding, excellent taste, resistant to low temperatures, to late blight, scab, fusarium.

"Spring"- early, fruitful, but resistance to late blight and scab is low.

"Elizabeth"- medium-early, high-yielding. good palatability, resistant to cancer, moderately resistant to late blight and Fusarium rot.

"Nevsky"- mid-early, fruitful, tasty, resistant to nematode, late blight and scab variety, excellent taste.

"Wizard"- medium early, productive, excellent taste, not afraid of breaking off sprouts, resistant to cancer and late blight, less resistant to scab and viral diseases.

"Story"- medium early, very productive, from one bush gives up to 30 or more tubers, has excellent taste, is highly resistant to various diseases.

Pay special attention to the procedure for treating tubers with disinfectants and stimulants. It will not take much time, but it will be of great benefit when growing your favorite potatoes!

Popular varieties of potatoes suitable for cultivation in the Northwest. there are many from domestic and foreign breeders, it makes no sense to list all of them. Through an Internet search, from specialists or from experienced neighbors, you can learn more about the features of any variety. Each gardener chooses his favorite varieties of potatoes and finds something new The choice is great.

Preparing tubers for planting

So, you have chosen and purchased the desired variety of potatoes, start cooking the tubers.

Methods of growing potatoes in different regions of our country are similar to each other. We are offering to you various ways preparing tubers for planting.

First way. Growing tubers in the light

1. Rinse the selected tubers in a weak solution of potassium permanganate or treat with any special disinfectant and stimulant for pre-planting treatment of potatoes that are available in retail chains.

2. Put them on light germination in a bright room with a temperature of 13-17 °C. This can be done by placing the tubers in a single layer, such as in egg cartons. You can put everything in large glass containers or perforated (with holes) plastic bags and periodically rotate them, turning towards the light. But be aware. that subsequently it will be necessary to get the tubers from such containers very carefully. Try to avoid direct sunlight on the tubers. The temperature during germination should be 17-19 °C. With more high temperature the tubers will dry, the sprouts will stiffen. and at temperatures below 10 °C, germination is delayed.

3. Periodically (once a week) spray the tubers with a nutrient solution. It can be made on the basis of any complex mineral fertilizer: 1 tbsp. spoon for 10 liters of water. Or prepare such a solution of 60 g of superphosphate and 30 g of potash fertilizer per 10 liters of water. In the allotted time, strong, stocky sprouts 2-3 cm long will appear on the tubers with already noticeable rudiments of leaves and with marked root tubercles or with already real roots.

4. 5 days before disembarkation open ground it is better to shade the tubers, and then plant them.

The second way. Growing potatoes with seedlings

Many gardeners-gardeners already know this method of breeding and growing potatoes, but for some it will be new. When there is little planting material, and the variety is valuable to you for one quality or another. as well as to get more early harvest this method is especially suitable.

1. It is necessary to process the tubers as in the first option.

2. In a warm room, in boxes 10 cm deep with fertilized soil, plant tubers for germination with a distance of 20-30 cm between them, cover with soil from above with a layer of 2-3 cm.

After one and a half to two weeks, shoots appear, and after a few days a rosette of leaves grows.

3. Carefully dig up the tuber and shake it off the ground. Holding it in one hand, sprouts down, with the other hand, separate each sprout at the very base. It turned out potato seedlings.

4. This seedling can be planted on permanent place, if the weather conditions already allow, or in separate pots, if it's too early.

5. If you need to get more planting material, then plant the bare tubers again in a box for secondary seedlings. Then everything repeats.

As a rule, the tuber is not planted for the third time, since it is already sufficiently weakened and there will be no good seedlings from it. If after all the operations the tuber is still “alive” *, plant it in the ground in a permanent place. There are cases when, from one potato tuber, gardeners received up to 20-27 seedlings in two doses, from which they subsequently grew up to 24 kg of tubers.

Planting seedlings with a good root system provides a harvest almost a month earlier. And this is important in the conditions of the North West. when the autumn dampness comes much earlier than in others, more warmer climes, and late blight appears in our gardens. With accelerated reproduction, the varietal qualities of potatoes improve and productivity increases. To harvest potatoes in industrial scale this method is too time-consuming, and for growing at home, in small areas, it is suitable and can please you with a harvest.

The third way. Growing tubers indoors for an early harvest

1. Process potato tubers as in the first option.

2. At the bottom of a box, basket or other container, pour a layer of wet peat, steamed sawdust or other light soil with a layer of 2-3 cm, spread the tubers at a distance of 3-5 cm from each other and cover with soil 2-3 cm above their tops. On top, you can spread another layer of tubers, thus making a “layer cake”. Keep such a cake indoors at a temperature not lower than 14 ° C, keep the soil moist by spraying it with the solution proposed in the first option. Repeat spraying after 5 days.

3. Carefully disassemble your “layer cake” and start planting ready-made tubers in open ground. If you sprayed plantings with water, then you can plant them in open ground after 15 days. If everything was sprayed with top dressing, then planting can be done after 10 days.

Soil preparation and planting potatoes

A good potato harvest will be obtained not only under good weather conditions, when choosing the planting material of the desired varieties, preparing it for planting, but also with competent agricultural technology. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a place and soil for growing your favorite crop, you need to take care of the future harvest in the fall. Potatoes prefer light soils, and if there are none in your area. then try to fix it. If required, add sand, peat or manure. But keep in mind that manure should only be applied in a rotted form from autumn, and even better a year before planting potatoes! This prevents the appearance of a number of diseases and watery tubers. Also, for autumn digging, mineral fertilizers are applied: per 1 m2 50-70 g of double superphosphate and 30-50 g of potassium or 300 g of ash.

If you haven’t done this since the fall, then fill the soil in the spring, but no later than two to three weeks before planting and already without organic matter! Potatoes grow well in soils after growing cucumbers, cabbages and lettuces. as a rule, organic matter has already been introduced under these crops. Places. where root crops grew, they are less suitable for growing potatoes.

You can not plant potatoes in the same place two years in a row and after related crops - eggplant, peppers and tomatoes! These crops share common diseases and pests.

With increased acidity of the soil, it is necessary to add lime, dolomite flour or ash. But an excess of lime is also undesirable, as it causes scab of tubers.

Soil acidity is easy to check using special indicators that have been on sale for a long time. The obtained indicators will help you more accurately determine the application of fertilizers and soil deoxidizing agents. The soil for growing potatoes should be loose and weed-free, then

Some gardeners in the North-West, when planting potatoes, are guided by the beginning of the flowering of bird cherry and the blooming of birch. Potatoes are planted when the soil has warmed up at a depth of 8 cm to no less than 10 ° C, and after being squeezed in a fist, it breaks up into lumps. And to get an earlier potato harvest, the area for planting it is covered with a black film as early as possible and the soil is warmed up in this way. The harvest will please you with smooth, beautiful and tasty tubers.

So that the plants have enough heat and light, arrange the rows of plantings from north to south. Before planting, it is useful to dust the tubers with ash. Potassium contained in it is very necessary for potatoes.

In a cool and damp spring, the tubers are planted no deeper than 8-10 cm. When warm and dry - to a depth of 10-15 cm. Early potatoes can be planted in a row at a distance of 30-40 cm. Late - 45-60 cm. Try to prevent the appearance of a soil crust after watering or rains, loosen the earth to a depth of 5 cm.

Some gardeners cover their potato plantings with a black film by making cross-shaped incisions over planted tubers or sprouts that have already appeared. Such a shelter will not allow weeds to grow, will help preserve moisture, and also eliminate loosening. And if you still need hilling, top dressing and additional watering, then you can bend (raise) the film shelter along the edges of the plantings, do what you have planned and cover again.

Hilling is necessary for the normal development of roots and tubers. The first time - when the sprouts reach a height of 10-15 cm, spud, almost completely covering them with earth. The second time - when the sprouts that have grown after the first hilling will be 20 cm high. The third hilling is done before flowering begins.

During hilling, the soil should be moist. Wet soil promotes the formation of additional roots in potato shoots. Potatoes, like most crops, do not tolerate watering. cold water, it is better to water it in the evening, warm water from 18 to 23-25 ​​° C and 2-3 liters per bush.

If potato plantings are not covered with a light-protective film, then you can save space in the garden and plant crops between rows that ripen earlier and have a root system that does not interfere with the formation and nutrition of tubers (for example, radishes, beets, dill, etc.).

Potatoes in the Northwest: green manure and care in bad weather

I live from April to November in the country, in the village. I have a plot of 17 acres, but we will talk about potatoes, and I plant them on one hundred square meters. I want to share the results of growing second bread in the current, frankly, rainy summer. (I heard that there was an unprecedented heat behind the Urals - alas, in our North-West, the opposite is true.)

I am a supporter natural farming- I don’t dig the soil either in autumn or in spring. Now it is October, and the field is elegant, velvet - I sowed it with phacelia immediately after harvesting potatoes.

I tried this green manure for the first time and I am satisfied: it blooms chic, just like blue mink fur!

The fast-growing mustard had to be abandoned, as the cruciferous flea was divorced in large quantities.

In the spring (May 10), the potatoes were planted with germinated seeds. Soaked in a solution of effective microorganisms. Wet tubers were powdered with ash - and into the ground. I always plant in double rows 120 cm wide, with passages 50 cm wide between them. I planted and sprinkled with mowed grass, and covered the passages with coarser stalks of last year's grass. As a result, there were very few weeds. Spud once and then gradually increased the layer of grass.

Potato sprouted and bloomed in early July. I pick the flowers and at the same time check for the presence of the Colorado potato beetle. In early August, phytophthora developed on the field, the bushes turned black, they had to be cut off as much as two weeks earlier and removed from the field. She started harvesting on August 15 and found rat holes and eaten tubers in almost every row. Black rats this summer in all the gardens divorced in abundance.

And the most annoying thing is that there were a lot of rotten tubers, which are difficult to distinguish because of dirty, wet clods of earth. And in order not to lose the crop and carefully sort everything, I had to wash all the potatoes. I dried it on a shell net under an awning, and then, in the evening, I put it in boxes.

Stored, shall we say, my small harvest in boxes in the barn. Two weeks later, I again found a lot of rotten tubers: out of 25 buckets - one large bucket.

Apparently, I will have to review all the boxes again and sprinkle with chopped garlic stalks. There is, of course, doubt about the advisability of washing potatoes, but how can you see rotten tubers without this?

I would also like to know how other gardeners fight black earth rats? I put mechanical turntables and ultrasonic repellers. Wish good harvests to all gardeners!

: POTATO GERMINATION - WAYS To make ...

Kira Stoletova

Potato loves sunlight and warm, and in the North-West region, where autumn comes in mid-August, winter in November, and the summer heat lasts for 2 weeks at most, not all types of potatoes will be able to fully grow and ripen. Today, potato varieties have been bred for the North-West region, which are resistant to climate change and have an early ripening period.

Variety selection

The choice of variety is influenced by its characteristics:

• Ripening time. According to the description, 50-60 days pass from the moment of germination of the first sprouts to the full maturation of early species. For the Leningrad, Moscow and Kaliningrad regions, medium-early varieties of potatoes are also suitable, the ripening period of which is from 70 to 90 days.
• Disease susceptibility. In the North-West region, it is permissible to grow varieties resistant or moderately susceptible to diseases that tolerate cold weather and constant high humidity.
• Productivity.
• Ease of storage, resistance to damage.

Popular varieties

Zhukovsky early

According to the description, this variety stands out among domestic species. This is a productive variety: up to 450 kg are harvested from a hundred square meters. The flesh of the fruit is white, the tubers are oval, with a pink skin. Potatoes of this species are resistant to weather changes in the North-West region and to the golden nematode, which fills the entire area at high humidity.

There is no immunity to scab and late blight.

sorcerer

The sorcerer is a mid-early species with a yield of up to 400 kg per hundred square meters and is distinguished by a pleasant sweetish taste. The pulp of the variety is light cream in color, does not darken in boiling water, the peel is yellow.

The variety is characterized by uneven growth of tubers: they differ significantly in size. The advantages of this species are ease of care, drought resistance, high keeping quality, portability of transportation. Potatoes do not suffer from breaking off sprouts.

Resource and Bronnitsky

Gardeners should not neglect the old mid-season varieties such as Resource and Bronnitsky. Such varieties of potatoes grow well in the Leningrad and Vologda regions.

The yield of the Resource variety is as follows: it brings 450 kg per hundred square meters even in the most northern regions. It is weakly affected by viral diseases.

The Bronnitsky variety has a good seed characteristic. In Russia, this is one of the best varieties for growing in cold and humid climates. The peel of the fruit is thin, light golden in color.

Bronnitsky can easily compete with well-known German and Dutch varieties: Its yield is 540 kg per hundred square meters. At the same time, root crops have a weight of 90-120 g.

Charoite

Charoite is new variety, in the North-West region it is called the St. Petersburg Skorospelka. You can collect the first fruits 60 days after planting. productivity - 320 kg per hundred square meters. At Charoite good taste, light yellow peel. For an early maturing species, it is preserved almost perfectly: the keeping quality rating is 96%. It has high resistance to cancer, moderate resistance to late blight and scab.

The disadvantages of the Charoite variety include its tendency to be affected by the golden nematode, so some gardeners continue to look for new types of potatoes similar to Charoite, but more resistant to diseases and pests.

Manifesto and Damaris

The mid-early type of Manifesto potato is considered more productive compared to other similar varieties. With the optimal combination of fertilizers and proper care, 460 kg are collected from 100 square meters. m. Root crops are red.

The mid-early form of Damaris also has an excellent yield - 450 kg per hundred square meters. Potatoes have a beige peel, oval shape, their flesh is light yellow, the taste is delicate. Damaris keeps well for a long time.

Manifesto and Damaris are considered popular varieties in Russia, moderately susceptible to late blight and almost unresponsive to cancer pathogens, scab, both types of mosaics, leaf curl virus and golden nematode.

Dutch potato varieties

In the Netherlands, summer is short and unpredictable, the weather can be called hot for 2-3 weeks a year, and the humidity of the air and soil is almost 100%: all this resembles the conditions of the North-West region in Russia, which is why the cultivation of Dutch varieties of potatoes is so popular in our country.

Advantages of foreign varieties

• Productivity.
• Insensitivity to temperature extremes, good tolerance to drought and high humidity.
• Resistance to malicious viruses and bacteria.
• Good preservation and transportability of tubers.
• Aesthetics.

Red Scarlet and Impala

Red Scarlet is suitable for lovers of young potatoes. Up to 500 kg of crops are harvested from a hundred square meters. Tubers are reddish, very smooth. Gardeners appreciate the variety for its immunity.

Maximum yield early form Impala - 370 kg per hundred square meters. Impala is immune to cancer and golden nematode, calmly reacts to short-term drought, undemanding to the type of soil. Impala is prone to late blight.

fresco

It takes 60-70 days for Fresco to fully mature. Productivity - 230 kg per hundred square meters. Gardeners recommend collecting Fresco tubers as early as possible, until potato phytophthora appears on them.

To cancer and nematode, this variety is insensitive, to viruses, black and common scab - 50 to 50. Medium-sized yellow and round potatoes are suitable for making chips and crispy fries.

The fresco variety is stored poorly: the slightest increase in temperature in the cellar provokes germination.

German potato varieties

German varieties are also excellent for cultivation in the North-West region, especially in the Leningrad, Arkhangelsk, Kaliningrad and Murmansk regions of Russia.

Adretta

Adretta brings 450 kg from 100 sq. m, has large yellow tubers, excellent in taste. The tops grow quickly, the tubers are formed early, the variety tolerates drought.

"Suffered" varieties of tomatoes for the greenhouse 2018

One fruit comes out weighing up to 100 g. Karatop is slightly susceptible to late blight, cancer, nematode.

Seed propagation in the garden strawberry familiar to us, unfortunately, leads to the appearance of less productive plants and weaker bushes. But another type of these sweet berries - alpine strawberries, can be successfully grown from seeds. Let's learn about the main advantages and disadvantages of this crop, consider the main varieties and features of agricultural technology. The information presented in this article will help you decide whether it is worth giving her a place in the berry.

Often, at the sight of a beautiful flower, we instinctively bend over to smell its fragrance. All fragrant flowers can be divided into two large groups: nocturnal (pollinated by night butterflies) and diurnal, whose pollinators are mainly bees. Both groups of plants are important for the grower and designer, because we often stroll through the garden during the day and relax in our favorite corners with the onset of the evening. We are never put off by the fragrance of our favorite fragrant flowers.

Pumpkin is considered by many gardeners to be the queen of the beds. And not only because of its size, variety of shapes and colors, but also for its excellent taste, useful qualities and a rich harvest. Pumpkin contains a large amount of carotene, iron, various vitamins and minerals. Thanks to the possibility of long-term storage, this vegetable supports our health. all year round. If you decide to plant a pumpkin on your site, you will be interested to know how to get the largest possible harvest.

Scotch eggs are amazing! Try to cook this dish at home, there is nothing difficult to prepare. Scotch eggs are a hard boiled egg wrapped in minced meat, breaded in flour, egg and breadcrumbs and deep fried. For frying, you need a frying pan with a high rim, and if you have a deep fryer, then it's just great - even less hassle. You will also need deep-frying oil so as not to smoke the kitchen. Choose farm eggs for this recipe.

One of the most amazing large-flowered tub cubanola Dominican fully justifies the status of a tropical miracle. Heat-loving, slow-growing, with huge and in many ways unique bells of flowers, cubanola is a fragrant star with a difficult character. She demands special conditions content in the rooms. But for those who are looking for exclusive plants for their interior, the best (and more chocolatey) candidate for the role of indoor giant cannot be found.

Chickpea Curry with Meat is a hearty hot dish for lunch or dinner inspired by Indian cuisine. This curry is quick to prepare, but requires pre-preparation. Chickpeas must first be soaked in plenty of cold water for several hours, preferably overnight, the water can be changed several times. It is also better to leave the meat in the marinade overnight so that it turns out juicy and tender. Then you should boil the chickpeas until tender and then cook the curry according to the recipe.

Rhubarb can not be found on everyone garden plot. It's a pity. This plant is a storehouse of vitamins and can be widely used in cooking. What is not prepared from rhubarb: soups and cabbage soup, salads, delicious jams, kvass, compotes and juices, candied fruit and marmalade, and even wine. But that's not all! A large green or red rosette of plant leaves, reminiscent of burdock, acts as a beautiful backdrop for annuals. Not surprisingly, rhubarb can also be seen in flower beds.

Today, experiments with non-banal combinations and non-standard colors in the garden are in trend. For example, plants with black inflorescences have become very fashionable. All black flowers are original and specific, and it is important for them to be able to select suitable partners and a position. Therefore, this article will not only introduce you to the range of plants with slate-black inflorescences, but also teach you the intricacies of using such mystical plants in garden design.

3 delicious sandwiches - cucumber sandwich, chicken sandwich, cabbage sandwich with meat - great idea for a quick bite or for a picnic in nature. Only fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and some spices. There is no onion in these sandwiches, if you wish, you can add an onion marinated in balsamic vinegar to any of the sandwiches, this will not spoil the taste. Having quickly prepared snacks, it remains to collect a picnic basket and go to the nearest green lawn.

Depending on the variety group, the age of seedlings suitable for planting in open ground is: for early tomatoes - 45-50 days, for medium ripening - 55-60 and late dates- not less than 70 days. When planting tomato seedlings in more than young age the period of its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But success in obtaining a high-quality crop of tomatoes also depends on the careful implementation of the basic rules for planting seedlings in open ground.

unpretentious plants The “second plan” of sansevieria does not seem boring to those who appreciate minimalism. They are better than other indoor decorative foliage stars for collections that require minimum care. The stable decorative effect and extreme endurance of only one type of sansevieria are also combined with compactness and very fast growth - Khan's rosette sansevieria. The squat rosettes of their stiff leaves create striking clusters and patterns.

One of the brightest months garden calendar pleasantly surprises with the balance of the distribution of favorable and unsuccessful days for working with plants according to lunar calendar. Gardening and gardening in June can be done throughout the month, while the unfavorable periods are very short and still allow you to do useful work. There will be their optimal days for sowing with plantings, and for pruning, and for a pond, and even for construction work.

Meat with mushrooms in a pan is an inexpensive hot dish that is suitable for a regular lunch and for a festive menu. Pork will cook quickly, veal and chicken too, so this meat is preferable for the recipe. Mushrooms - fresh champignons, in my opinion, the most good choice for homemade stew. Forest gold - mushrooms, boletus and other goodies are best harvested for the winter. Boiled rice or mashed potatoes are ideal as a side dish.

I love ornamental shrubs, especially unpretentious and with an interesting, non-trivial foliage color. I have different Japanese spireas, Thunberg barberries, black elderberry ... And there is one special shrub that I will talk about in this article - the viburnum vesicle. To make my dream of a low maintenance garden come true, it's probably the perfect fit. At the same time, it is able to diversify the picture in the garden very much, moreover, from spring to autumn.