Formation of a white acacia. Methods for growing yellow acacia and caring for it

Acacia is a beautiful and useful perennial flowering honey plant with a bright sweetish aroma during flowering, belonging to the legume family. This fast growing and durable crop can reach a height of about 30 m and grow for about 300 years. In her family there are almost 800 different types and varieties.

Each of them has one common feature- this is a unique aroma, but otherwise the cultures differ in the duration and color of flowering, the shape of the crown, resistance to weather and climate, and other individual characteristics.

Various types and grades of shares are used landscape designers for landscaping. They are planted in groups on the streets of cities, in places of recreation, in parks and on household plots. This plant has become popular not only because of its decorative effect, but also due to its numerous useful and healing qualities. It is grown as a medicinal crop, the flowers of which contain healing essential oils, and the shoots and leaves contain a large amount of vitamins A and C.

Grow acacia suburban area in the Moscow region it is possible in several ways - by seeds, seedlings, root offspring and seedlings, but the seed method is most effective. Purchased seedlings can be brought from another region, to local conditions such cultures will not be adapted, and their development will take place with great difficulty. Seeds can be prepared independently by collecting them in autumn period in your area. They are stored well for 3-4 years, germination is high. It is not recommended to use for planting seeds with damage, deformed and affected by the fungus.

Among such popular types of acacia as "Golden", "Silver", "Street", "Umbrella", "Cone-shaped", "Long-leaved", "Chinese", "Sandy" and others, Robinia or "White" is most suitable for our region . The tree has a spreading crown and small thorns on the branches. Leaves on white acacia appear much later than on other trees, around the second half of May. It blooms with fragrant white inflorescences.

Preparing for landing

Location selection

It is necessary to choose an open sunny area, with a sufficient supply of light and heat, but without cold drafts and strong gusts of wind. Cold frosty wind can easily damage branches. Low terrain and high level moisture is undesirable. An open area is very important for the full growth and development of a plant, because in its adult state it has a very wide and spreading crown. It is good if there are no tall trees within a radius of two and a half meters, from which a shadow will fall on the acacia.

The soil

White locust grows well in loose soil with a poor composition, but will develop poorly in fertile soil. clay soil. Do not choose a wet area with a close occurrence ground water. Ideal light soil for acacia should consist of rotted compost, wood ash and coarse-grained river sand.

planting material

Seeds before sowing should be stored in a cold, dry place, preferably in paper packaging. For better germination, the day before planting, they must be placed in a sieve and lowered for a few seconds, first in hot, and then in very cold water. After about 12-14 hours, the seed material can be planted in open ground.

To grow seedlings, seeds are sown in planting containers with loose soil at the end of March and kept in greenhouse conditions at a temperature of at least 20 degrees until the beginning of May. Then the grown seedlings are transplanted to garden plot.

Root offspring of mature trees are cut off with a garden shovel directly on the day of planting and immediately planted in the ground.

Neighborhood with other cultures

The melliferous crop gets along well with perennials and annuals, but does not like deep tillage very much, so it does not need to be planted nearby bulbous plants. For them, such a procedure is necessary and important for full growth.

Planting ornamental herbaceous plants in the near-trunk circles of acacia will not cause much harm, but it is better to avoid this.

Landing in open ground

Sowing seeds for seedlings

Prepared planting material evenly distributed over the surface of a light substrate in a container or box and slightly deepen the lower part of each seed, pressing it with a finger to the soil. Immediately after this, the crops should be watered abundantly, covered with a translucent material (glass or dense polyethylene) and placed in warm room, but better on flat battery. For seed germination, it is necessary to maintain bottom heating with a constant temperature of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. Regular ventilation, watering and removal of condensate should continue until seedlings appear. Seedlings usually appear 1-2 weeks after sowing.

After the mass emergence of seedlings, the glass or film cover is removed, and care for young plants is continued until transplanted to the garden plot. Seedlings are planted in the garden with an interval of 30 cm and a row spacing of at least 40 cm.

Sowing seeds in the ground

Seeds are planted on the beds at an air temperature in the daytime of more than 20-22 degrees. The distance between landings is about 20 cm. proper care until autumn in the first year, the plants reach a height of 50 to 100 cm.

Planting seedlings

Favorable time - August - September. The depth of the landing pit is at least 50 cm. The bottom of the pit is covered drainage layer from small gravel. The soil mixture should consist of garden and soddy soil (3 parts each), coarse sand and compost (2 parts each) and a small amount of ash. When planting a seedling, it is impossible to deepen its root collar. It should be at ground level or slightly above it. The sapling is placed in the pit along with the saved earthy clod. After filling the hole with soil, abundant watering and mulching with peat.

Care

The main care of the crop is timely watering and pruning, as well as fertilizing.

Regular watering is needed only for young trees in the first months of life. For irrigation, you can use any non-cold water. Every year, the volume and frequency of irrigation are reduced to a minimum and are carried out only in extreme heat.

If necessary, you can prune frozen or damaged branches. Formative pruning does not lend itself to acacia.

Fertilizers need to be applied only from 4 years of age. Mineral supplements are applied 2-3 times a season with an interval of 1 month. For each instance, 100 g of fertilizer will be required.

In the first 3 years, seedlings need additional insulation for the winter with a layer of fallen leaves in trunk circle(at least 10 cm) and wrapping trunks with burlap.

Acacia diseases:

  • white rot,
  • leaf rust,
  • powdery mildew.

Pests:

  • mealybug,
  • bag butterfly,
  • sawfly.

Almost everyone knows what a white acacia looks like. And, despite the fact that in fact this plant belongs to the genus Robinia and has only a distant relationship with real acacias, this name has taken root among the people much stronger than the present. Therefore, this plant is often also called false acacia robinia or pseudoacacia robinia, as well as ordinary robinia.

General description of white locust

The white locust is native to North America but is now also found in Latin America, New Zealand, Africa, Australia and Europe. At the beginning of the 19th century, the seeds of this plant were also imported to Russia, and already in 1859 the first publication about useful properties white acacia.

At home, a white acacia tree can reach 30 meters in height and about one and a half meters in trunk diameter. At the same time, the sprawling crown can be twice as wide as the tree. The "umbrella" shape of the crown indicates that the plant is a savanna, adapted to a large number sun and dry wind blowing from the side. With a dense planting of acacia, such a crown turns into a one-sided one, since one of its parts does not have enough light. And, of course, white locust is very resistant to drought, otherwise it would not have survived in savannah conditions.

The combination of two properties such as drought and frost resistance makes this plant almost the most popular for park plantings in steppe zones Russia and Ukraine. White acacia is even a symbol of the city of Odessa.

Robinia played a special role in the 1930-50s, when it was used to create forest shelterbelts. The powerful root system of the plant helped to prevent the large-scale soil erosion that threatened then, caused by the plowing of virgin lands.

Robinia is also resistant to polluted, gassed city air, to industrial emissions. It is this property that makes it the main "street" tree. The white locust survives even in the heavily polluted centers of Russian major cities such as Moscow. Moreover, they even successfully bloom in such conditions.

Including this plant is excellent honey plant. Bees are able to collect 400-600 kg of honey per hectare of Robinia plantations. Acacia honey has a greenish yellow with a slightly pronounced odor, which does not tend to sugar, even with long storage.

But you should know that acacia berries are poisonous and inedible for livestock.

Landing and care

Since robinia are quite stable and undemanding plants, growing them is quite simple. Only two conditions are important - an abundance of sun and the absence of groundwater in the place chosen for planting. If your site is located in a swamp or in a forest, then the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bcultivating an acacia will have to be abandoned.

White locust propagates by root offspring, as well as seeds. Moreover, the second method does not require so much time, as it seems at first glance. To begin with, before planting, the seeds must be treated with boiling water: place the seeds prepared for planting in it for 5-10 seconds, and then throw them into cold water. This is done so that the outer shell of the seed cracks and they swell.

Seeds treated in this way should be sown immediately. You can do this in April in a box or in May in a greenhouse. For the growth of good seedlings is necessary heat, reaching 20 degrees, and in the cold spring they must live in a greenhouse with small tomato bushes. In early to mid-June, plants are planted on a separate lighted bed.

Everyone knows that robins are leguminous plant, and therefore are in good symbiosis with bacteria that absorb nitrogen from the air. Therefore, some gardeners believe that the plant does not need fertilizer. In general, if the seedlings are left on a starvation diet, they will still survive and even grow by 10-15 cm by autumn. But they will have to be grown for at least another two years. But few people want to wait these two years, right?

For good preparation of seedlings, you need to prepare the ground well. Legumes are very fond of alkaline soil, so it is recommended to add a lot of compost to it and add ash. When planting seedlings between them, it is necessary to maintain a sufficient distance, the size of the planting should be equal to 30 * 30 cm. Young plants require regular watering, complex fertilizer, weeding. If the summer is warm, then in the fall, many seedlings will be a meter high, and some will even give side branches. Such trees will already be ready for transplanting on permanent place, but you still shouldn’t rush, it’s better to wait for spring.

Propagation using root offspring is somewhat easier, but the same productive effect is not observed. To do this, you need to dig a rhizome with a young plant and transplant it to a new place.

There is a third method of reproduction, quite effective - reproduction by root cuttings. For him, in early May or in the middle of this month, you need to carefully dig out a few lateral roots of an adult plant. The diameter of the cutting should be 5 mm of the upper part, and the length should be 20-25 cm. Small lateral roots cannot be removed. The selected piece of root must be planted obliquely in a nutritious loose substrate. The upper cut of the root should be sprinkled with crushed coal and placed at the level of the soil surface.

The magic of flowering acacia (video)

If the weather is warm and humid, then new shoots will appear in 2-3 weeks.

All robins need to be transplanted in the spring, before the buds open. Also, the black locust must not be squeezed too deeply, as there is a danger of damping off. The ideal soil for this plant will be a combination of sand and compost with the addition of ash, dolomite flour, crushed limestone or old slaked lime. We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the material about plants with colored bark.



Reviews and comments

(3 ratings, average: 3,50 out of 5)

Luda 03.12.2015

😮 I did not know that you can cook something from acacia flowers. We have acacia growing in parks, and just in the yards. I like how the acacia smells only from afar, and close up, it’s hard for me to bear its smell. And in childhood, we made whistles from green pods 🙂

Sergey 03/25/2016

I agree with the previous comment that the tree is really unique. When it blooms, there is such an aroma that it simply cannot be conveyed. My father has an apiary, and he takes out the bees in the spring, when the acacia blossoms exactly in the acacia plantations - and then the magic May honey is obtained. We have May honey - 90 percent consists of white acacia

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Require pre-treatment. Prepared, they are much faster, the sprouts are growing rapidly and already in the 4-5th year you can expect from a plant lush flowering. best time preparing and planting seeds in pots or boxes - the beginning of spring.

Seed preparation consists in filing a dry and durable skin. You can do this with a small needle file or sandpaper. Another option is to soak the seeds in boiling water. Then pour the seeds warm water with the addition of a solution of the stimulant "Zircon", "Epin" or "Ribav-Extra" (1 drop of the product per 100 ml of water) and leave for two days. It is advisable to change the water to fresh and warm every 3-4 hours. When the seeds swell, plant them in pots or boxes with soil.

The soil

The soil in which you plan to sow the seeds should be light and loose. You can buy a ready-made universal soil mixture in a specialized flower shop, or you can cook it yourself. Take 2 parts of sod land and peat, 1 part of sawdust and a small amount of wood ash, mix. At the bottom of the box or pot, arrange drainage from expanded clay or small gravel, fill in the prepared soil, pour it with warm water and sow the seeds (shallow). If the air temperature is 22-24°C and regular watering, the first shoots will appear in 2-3 weeks (sometimes in 5-7 weeks).

Transfer

When it reaches a height of 2-3 cm, you can transplant each sprout into a separate pot or several pieces into a deeper and more spacious box with a distance between sprouts of 15-20 cm. The soil can be the same composition as for sowing seeds. Don't forget good drainage. This period - until next spring and the time of landing in a permanent place - is very important for acacia. Those plants that have safely overwintered in indoor plants and by the end of the first year of life have grown by 50 cm or more have a good chance of taking root in and blooming in 3-4 years.

Landing in open ground

Acacia requires an open, well-lit area, protected from stagnant water. Dig a hole 30-35 cm deep, lay dry leaves and grass on the bottom, pour garden soil on top with large river sand or perlite, pour and plant acacia sprouts in this “dirt”, crushing and compacting the ground. Sprinkle with dry earth or sawdust. Water as the topsoil dries out.

Warnings of experienced gardeners

Do not plant acacia near, grown up can suppress them root system.

Already in the first year of life, the acacia will give offspring from the roots, which grow very quickly (up to 2 meters per year) and which are very difficult to remove. Therefore, it is not necessary to break beds or plant flower beds near the acacia. Let there be more free space in order to remove the emerging young shoots in a timely manner and without problems.

Keep in mind that flowering acacia is a strong attraction for bees. If this does not scare you, you can have a tree next to the house or a gazebo. If it causes concern, plant it away from the porch.

Acacia grows large and sharp thorns, and its seeds are not suitable for food (moreover, they can be poisoned), so keep small children away from it.

Acacia attracts the attention of summer residents and gardeners with its openwork multi-tiered crown, beautiful flowering and delicate aroma. Many people want to plant such a miracle on their site. By the way, this is quite simple - especially for already experienced summer residents. For those who are new to this business, we offer a complete list of agrotechnical rules for growing white acacia.

White acacia: a brief description

is woody or shrub plant. Belongs to the legume family. The genus of acacia has about 750-800 species.

Etymologists explain the origin of the name of the tree from Greek word ake, meaning "thorn, thorn" - in many species of acacia, stipules are modified into thorns.

The huge number of varieties of the tree has led to a bit of confusion. As a result, acacias began to be called similar plants belonging to other genera and families. So, for example, a tree from the genus Albizia is called a silk acacia, a shrub of the genus Caragana is considered to be a yellow acacia.

Did you know? The tree that we know as the white locust is actually called Robinia. Real acacias belong to the mimosa family, are very thermophilic and can grow only in the tropics and subtropics. AT wild nature found in Australia, Mexico, Africa. Acacia and Robinia are very similar in appearance. Robinia, or false acacia, is home to North America, so it is not as thermophilic as the real acacia.

White acacia is very beautiful in late May - early June, when it produces lush and fragrant inflorescences in the form of drooping brushes 10-25 cm long. The tree has an openwork, spreading crown. Beautiful in white acacia and large leaves(up to 25 cm), pinnate of 7-19 small oval leaflets (2-4 cm in length). Stipules are in the form of thorns. The trunk grows up to 25 m (sometimes 30 m) in height and up to 1.2 m in diameter. Fruits - beans, elongated, up to 6 cm long, flat, dark brown. Each contains six to eight seeds. Ripens towards the end of September.


White acacia is divided into several subspecies: weeping, spherical, umbrella, small-leaved, pyramidal, golden. Each one is different varying degrees frost resistance and resistance to urban conditions. With age, plants become stronger and more resilient, every year they endure adverse factors and cold better.

Acacia wood is valuable, used as fuel, in shipbuilding, for the manufacture of doors, parquet. The bark and flowers are used in medicines. The tree can live up to 50 years.

White acacia is one of the most common decorative varieties, therefore, from the description of the plant, let's move on to a detailed consideration of the features of its planting and growing in a summer cottage.

Selecting Healthy Acacia Seedlings When Purchasing

Particular attention should be paid to the choice of seedlings and the place for planting. This will largely depend on the development and appearance tree in the future, as well as the selection of measures to care for it.


Before buying, carefully inspect the trunk of an acacia seedling - it should not be too thin with a well-developed root system. It is better to take plants with a closed rhizome, however, make sure that it grows in a container, and not planted shortly before sale. It is necessary to take such seedlings, whose rhizomes look out of the drainage holes of the pot.

Optimal landing time

A more undesirable period for planting is autumn. If an acacia is planted at this time, there is a risk that the fragile roots in wet and cold soil will be affected by rot. Seedlings from the container can also be planted in late summer - early autumn, when hot days will no longer be observed.

Site selection and soil preparation

Insofar as mature tree grows to large sizes and has a wide spreading crown, a place for planting it must be chosen initially spacious so that it has the opportunity to fully grow and develop. It is necessary to maintain a distance between plants of 2.5 m.


Acacia prefers to grow in the light, so it is important to consider that the shadow from other, taller trees does not fall on it.

The tree grows well on any soil, even depleted. He is not afraid of wind or drought. But it does not tolerate the close occurrence of groundwater.

The ideal soil for acacia is a mixture of sand and compost with the addition of ash (slaked lime, dolomite flour or crushed limestone).

Did you know? Surprisingly, it is a fact: a tree will develop better when planted in loose and poor soil than in clay and fertile.

Lowered areas will be a bad place for Robinia, where it will freeze due to stagnation of cold masses in them.

It is not recommended to plant white locust next to fruit trees because it can oppress their root system. Also, this culture should be located away from places where children play. Firstly, since the tree is a honey plant, there will be many bees near the acacia during the flowering period. And secondly, the seeds and other parts of the plant are poisonous.

The trunk circle under the acacia must be kept clean - planted additionally in it ornamental plants not worth it.

Proper planting of white acacia seedlings

No need to put seedlings in too deep landing pit, this can lead to the development of root disease. It must be dug to the size of the rhizome in breadth and slightly deeper than the length of the root.


Saplings with an open root system are pruned to top part was proportionate to the bottom. You can also shorten the rhizome. When planting an acacia clay soil the bottom of the pit must be covered with drainage - a 10-20 cm layer of gravel. If you want to immediately fertilize the soil, then do it with Nitroammophoska (60-80 g per pit).

A stake is hammered into the bottom of the pit, a seedling is placed in the hole, its roots are carefully straightened and covered with earth. The root neck should be at the same level with the edges of the pit. Then the seedling is well watered. It is desirable to mulch the soil in the trunk circle with a layer of 5-7 cm. It is better to use peat as mulch.

White acacia is a fast growing tree., and if it was produced proper fit and proper care, favorable conditions growth it is able to give annual growth 60-80 cm (in the first years up to 1.2 m) in height and 20-30 cm in width. Flowering occurs at the age of three or four.

white acacia care

If the choice of location and planting were carried out in accordance with all the recommendations, then caring for the white acacia will not be difficult - it will be minimal: periodic watering, top dressing, pruning if necessary.

You can fertilize the plant only three years after planting. For this, any complex fertilizer, for example "Kemira-station wagon". It will take 100-120 g per tree. Fertilizers during the flowering period and in July are scattered over the soil and lightly sprinkled with it.

In August, it is advisable to feed the acacia with potassium using potassium sulfate (30 g) or ash (1 cup).

Since the white acacia does not like waterlogging, watering will be needed only for young plants. Mature trees are watered only during long dry periods. The rest of the time they will have enough moisture coming along with precipitation.

The soil under the tree will need to be periodically weeded in order to destroy the weeds.

Important! Acacia does not like to be disturbed by its root system. For this reason, it is not worth digging up the earth in the near-stem circle, only slightly loosen it. Also, other plants, especially bulbs, should not be planted in it. The tree is ready to share the near-stem space only with plants that have a small root system.

Pruning of white acacia is shown only if necessary - in the summer, broken, frozen branches should be removed. But it is unlikely that it will be possible to make a shape from the crown. Usually, after such pruning, acacia produces long shoots. Although you can experiment, but do it in the spring.

Disease and pest resistance

White locust is characterized by high resistance to diseases and pests. Occasionally it can be attacked by sucking parasites: false shield and sawfly. As a result of their harmful activity, the plant stops growing, lags behind in development, and the shoots are bent.

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