Autoclave designs. Autoclaves industrial. Search for the necessary tools and accessories

An autoclave is a hermetically sealed device that serves to heat treatment home canned food. Autoclaves allow you to cook meat, fish, chicken, fruits, berries in tin or glass vessels under elevated atmospheric pressure(4.5-5.5 atm) and a temperature of 120-125°C.

Rolls cooked in home autoclave turn out delicious! It is the taste of canned food that stimulates the purchase of this device. can be stored much longer than conventional ones, since harmful bacteria in the products die when processed at high temperatures.

The household autoclave is designed for housewives, fishermen, hunters, summer residents and for everyone who loves really tasty and healthy food.

What are autoclaves?

Autoclaves are very different: food, medical, dental, manicure. All of them are united by one principle of action, namely, sterilization at a temperature of over 100 degrees and a pressure above atmospheric.

As you probably already guessed, the subject of sterilization in one case are food products, in another - all kinds of tools. Also, autoclaves differ in the material from which they are made, the volume and the heat source used. Speaking of home autoclaves, there are devices made of food grade stainless steel and carbon steel.

Stainless steel autoclaves

Stainless steel autoclaves, in addition to the preparation of canned food, allow steam treatment of the product and be used as a moonshine still. The disadvantages of stainless steel autoclaves, perhaps, can only be attributed to their cost (compared to their counterpart made of carbon steel, they are 4-5 times more expensive on average), and not everyone can afford to buy such a unit.

Carbon steel autoclaves

Autoclaves made of carbon steel (ferrous metal, rolled steel), which are presented to your attention at a much cheaper price than stainless steel autoclaves, while not inferior to them in terms of the quality of their tasks. The main purpose of our autoclaves is the preparation of canned meat, fish and vegetables (as well as pates, sauces, jams and much more) in glass jars, with rolling lids. Carbon steel autoclaves require maintenance, namely, after each cooking, it is necessary to wipe the inner walls of the autoclave dry (or heat it until the remaining liquid has evaporated) and lubricate them sunflower oil. In this way, you will prevent the rusting process, and the unit will last for many years.

Main characteristics

According to the volume of loaded cans, autoclaves are:

  • Small (7-14 half-liter jars);
  • Medium (14-20 half-liter cans);
  • Large (from 20 and above).

Industrial autoclaves, with a capacity of more than a thousand cans, have very impressive dimensions. They are used to prepare store-bought canned foods that are familiar to us.

According to the type of heating, it can be divided into two types:

  • Classical (or gas), powered by an external heater (they stand on gas stove, fire, primus, etc.);
  • Universal - where heating element is a built-in electric heater stainless steel (at the same time, electric autoclaves can also be heated from a gas stove).

Both of these types are presented in our online store in two versions:


  • Small - for 7 liter or 14 half-liter cans;
  • Medium - for 14 liter or 20 half-liter cans.

In small models, half-liter cans become two tiers, liter - one. AT large models: half-liter in three tiers, liter in two.

Electric models are slightly higher than gas models, since inside them, 6 centimeters from the bottom, there is a heating element. Three are welded over the heating element metal rod, on which a metal platform for placing cans is laid out.


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At high pressure and temperature - only autoclave. If sterilization is carried out with high temperature, but without pressure, use the term sterilizer or drying cabinet. It was invented by Denis Papin in the year. Autoclave - Reactor for hydrothermal synthesis. Represents the cylindrical horizontal welded vessel hermetically closed by spherical covers. Autoclave diameter 2–3.6 m, length 19–40 m.

Varieties of autoclaves

Autoclave

Autoclaves are: rotating, swinging, horizontal, vertical and column. The autoclave is a vessel either closed or with an opening lid. If necessary, they are equipped with internal, external or remote heat exchangers, mechanical, electromagnetic or pneumatic mixing devices and instrumentation for measuring and regulating pressure, temperature, liquid level, etc.

Autoclave design

The design and basic parameters of the industrial autoclave are diverse, the capacity is from several tens of cm³ to hundreds of m³, they are designed to work under pressure up to 150 MN/m² (1500 kgf/cm²) at temperatures up to 500 °C. For chemical industries sealless autoclaves with a shielded electric motor that do not require sealing are promising. The rotor of this electric motor is mounted directly on the stirrer shaft and covered with a sealed thin-walled screen made of non-magnetic material that does not prevent the penetration of magnetic lines of force from the motor stator to the rotor. In production building materials tunnel or dead-end autoclaves are used. Outwardly, they are a pipe 3-6 m in diameter and 15-20 m in length, closed with a lid with a bayonet lock (dead end on one side, tunnel on 2 sides). Rails for trolleys with products are located along the length of the autoclave. The autoclaves are equipped with pipelines for saturated steam inlet, waste steam bypass to another autoclave, steam release to the atmosphere or to a heat exchanger, and for condensate drainage.

AT Food Industry vertical and horizontal autoclaves of a wide range of varieties, sizes and principles of operation are used. For example, in horizontal autoclaves for the food industry, the necessary counterpressure can be created in relation to each individual product package, which makes it possible to sterilize products not only in rigid containers (glass jars, tin cans), but also in soft and semi-rigid packaging.

Application of autoclaves

Autoclaves are used in the chemical industry (production of herbicides, organic intermediates and dyes, in synthesis processes); in hydrometallurgy (leaching followed by recovery from solutions of non-ferrous and precious metals, rare elements); in the rubber industry (vulcanization of technical products); in the food industry (sterilization, pasteurization of products [including canned food], cooking); in the building materials industry. Autoclaves are widely used in medicine. Also when creating products from carbon fiber, to give them solid shapes. Autoclave protective jacket - a device that protects the seams and the main material of the reactor vessel from the effects of coolant. Autoclaves have been widely used in the food industry. Modern autoclave cooking systems are equipped with multi-stage protection mechanisms, special locks and systems automatic shutdown. To date, about 1.5 million autoclaves are constantly used for these purposes around the world.

The principle of operation of the system in the food industry

Autoclave cooking is a method of cooking food in a sealed vessel or autoclave that does not allow air or liquid to escape the high pressure vessel. Since the boiling point of a liquid shifts upward as pressure increases, the temperature of the liquid inside the system can be increased up to 100 °C. In this case, the liquid does not reach the boiling point. Most high pressure cooking systems operate at 15 psi operating pressure, the standard set in the United States as early as 1917. At this pressure, the liquid boils at a temperature of 125 °C. Elevated temperature allows you to cook the product disproportionately faster than the standard method.
For example, chopped fresh cabbage prepared within one minute, preserving the entire vitamin and flavor range of the product. Fresh green beans or small potatoes are cooked for about five minutes, and a whole chicken up to 3 kilograms - about 20 minutes. Another advantage of the autoclave cooking method is the achievement of the effect of stewing and slow boiling of the product in a very short time.
The prototype of the first autoclave was invented by the French physicist Denis Papin in 1679. Today small installations used by climbers to boil water at high altitudes. High in the mountains, water boils away before reaching a temperature of 100 ° C, which prevents proper cooking food and normal cooking, as Charles Darwin wrote in The Beagle Voyage.
The autoclave method of cooking was considered very explosive. Modern autoclave cooking systems are equipped with multi-stage protection mechanisms, special locks and automatic shutdown systems.

How the system works

At normal conditions heating water above the boiling point is not possible. As soon as the temperature reaches 100 °C, the water stops heating up. This is due to the intense evaporation of water during its heating. If the water boils for a long time, then it completely turns into steam.
When water or liquid is boiled in an autoclave, the boiling point rises. As soon as the temperature of the soup or puree reaches 90 °C, intensive evaporation begins. Water vapor, being essentially a gas, creates excess pressure in combination with temperature, which causes the evaporation to stop. The higher the temperature, the higher the pressure in the system. The heat generated by increasing pressure is called latent heat and has a great penetrating power into the structure of microorganisms, destroying them even in a dormant state - in spores. A similar process is easily achievable in the preparation of solid non-cavernous foods. In case of preparation of spongy, cavernous products, a system with deep tank vacuum should be chosen. The residual oxygen content can help protect bacteria from destruction by creating thermal insulation for their shells. Modern autoclaves use fractional vacuum, which removes oxygen in several cycles, providing 100% steam penetration during the sterilization and homogenization of the product.
Autoclave cooking allows you to cook dishes many times faster, while maintaining all the nutritional properties of the product.

Pressure

High pressure steam cooking is the most nutritious cooking method. The high pressure releases natural natural juices from the product, allowing you to cook meals at high temperatures in your own juice. High-pressure cooking allows damaged tissues to be "repaired" in vacuum-packaged or previously frozen foods.

Steam

Superheated steam generated at high pressure by elevated temperatures allows cooking 3 to 10 times faster. High temperature steam treatment allows you to cook without salt, with a minimum of oil, sugar, flavors and flavor enhancers, with less aging and drying while maintaining fresh taste.

Nutrients

Low Fat

Pressure cooking is essentially the process of cooking fat-free food. The hot steam strains the fat from the microfibers of the product, releasing it into the surrounding fluid.

Product disinfection

Mold is a fungus that grows like silky threads and appears on the product in the form of fluff. Some types of mold release mycotoxins that are harmful to health. Mold can grow and multiply in acids that protect us from bacteria. Mold decomposes foods into enzymes and makes them unfit for consumption. Partially acid neutralizes the harmful effects of mold. Mold and yeast are destroyed at a temperature of 60-87 degrees.

Operation of industrial autoclaves

For the use of autoclaves, the owner is obliged to ensure that the vessels are kept in good condition and safe conditions their work.

For these purposes it is necessary:

  • appoint by order from among the specialists who have passed in the prescribed manner a test of knowledge of the Rules, responsible for working condition and safe action vessels, as well as those responsible for the implementation of production control over compliance with the requirements industrial safety in the operation of pressure vessels.
  • The number of responsible persons for the implementation of production control should be determined based on the calculation of the time required for the timely and high-quality performance of the duties assigned to these persons by their official position. By order of the organization, specialists responsible for the good condition of the vessels and responsible for their safe operation;
  • appoint required amount persons of service personnel trained and having certificates for the right to service vessels, as well as to establish such a procedure that the personnel entrusted with the duties of servicing vessels carefully monitor the equipment entrusted to him by inspecting it, checking the operation of valves, instrumentation, safety and blocking devices and maintaining vessels in good condition. The results of the inspection and verification should be recorded in a shift log;
  • ensure the conduct of technical examinations, diagnostics of vessels in a timely manner;
  • ensure the procedure and frequency of testing knowledge by managers and specialists of the Rules;
  • organize periodic check knowledge by personnel of instructions on the mode of operation and safe maintenance of vessels;
  • provide specialists with the Rules and guidelines for the safe operation of vessels, and personnel with instructions;
  • to ensure that specialists comply with the Rules, and service personnel- instructions.

The organization operating autoclaves must develop and approve instructions for the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the vessels and for the production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements during the operation of the vessels.

When operating autoclaves, one should be guided by the regulatory documents annually approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia of the List of valid normative documents Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.

Design, production, operation of industrial autoclaves

In the territory Russian Federation establish requirements for the design, construction, manufacture, reconstruction, adjustment, installation, repair, technical diagnostics and operation of autoclaves "RULES FOR THE DEVICE AND SAFE OPERATION OF VESSELS WORKING UNDER PRESSURE" PB 03-576-03

Responsibility for violation of PB 03-576-03 Rules are binding on all officials, specialists, employees involved in the design, manufacture, reconstruction, installation, adjustment, repair, technical diagnostics and operation of vessels. Persons who violated these Rules are liable in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

Autoclaves have long been used in many areas: medicine, cosmetology, various industries, however, most people hear about home preservation devices. Given the quality of the products prepared in them, such popularity is not surprising. Many are interested in buying or creating a similar mechanism for home use, so today we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of purchased and home-made options.

What is an autoclave

Autoclave - hermetically sealed apparatus for heat treatment. In cooking, it is used for the preparation of canned meat, fish, vegetables, fruit under high (4.5-5.5 atm.) Atmospheric pressure and heated to 120...125 °C. At the same time, products can be prepared both in glass and tin containers.

Did you know? The prototype of the autoclave appeared in 1679 thanks to the French mathematician and inventor Denis Papin.

The principle of operation and the structure of the device

The device of the autoclave is quite simple, it is based on the well-known laws of physics. In accordance with them, each liquid has its own boiling point, after which further heating is impossible. For water under normal conditions, this point is 100 °C. Having reached this mark, the water becomes steam and leaves the heating zone in this form. The active formation of steam is called boiling. Steam begins to appear already at a temperature of 90 ° C, and the closer to 100 ° C, the more steam. If you boil water for a long time, it will all evaporate. However, if the pressure in the heating zone is increased, then the boiling point will also increase, and when it reaches 100 ° C, the water will still turn into steam, but still most of it will retain the form of a liquid.
This is how autoclaves work.

  1. The water in them is heated to the state of formation of steam.
  2. Due to the closed shape of the container, steam cannot leave the autoclave and increases the pressure in it.
  3. When the pressure is increased, the water boils more slowly, retains longer liquid state, however, the temperature in the tank rises.

As a result, the temperature in the device is over 100°C, which is detrimental to various harmful bacteria and microorganisms. At the same time, canned food is cooked under the influence of steam heat, which significantly speeds up the process and improves their taste.

Types of autoclaves

Autoclaves can be classified according to a number of criteria:

  • depending on the shape: vertical, horizontal, columnar;
  • based on the location of the working chamber: rotating, swinging, immovable.
However, consumers are more interested in the source of energy for heating the autoclave. According to this criterion, devices are divided into electric and gas.

Electrical

The heating of these devices is provided by built-in heating elements powered by the mains. To the benefits electrical models include:

  • accelerated cooking process;
  • the presence of a thermostat that automatically maintains the desired temperature in the tank;
  • convenient lid mechanism, to close which it is enough to turn one screw;
  • mobility. The device can be installed anywhere you like.

 There is a wide range of autoclaves on the market today. Among the popular budget models are:
  • "Baby Nerzh. ECU "for 22 l;
  • "Little El. Stainless" for 22 l;
  • "TRAILING STEEL" for 22 l;
  • "Conservative" for 46 liters.

Gas

Gas autoclaves are more affordable today, as they lose in popularity to electric ones. They run on gas and electric stoves, they are also allowed to be used on fires.
Gas devices are sold in various volumes and models, among which are:

  • "Conservative" (14 l);
  • autoclave classic (17 l) TM "Good heat";
  • "Kid GazNerzh-U" (22 l).

Did you know?The first canned goods appeared in Ancient Egypt. They were fried ducks in olive oil located in clay vessels of two halves, fastened with resin.

Advantages of autoclave cooking

For a beginner in canning, working with an autoclave can seem like a hassle and a long time. But this impression arises from the lack of practical experience. One has only to try once - and it becomes clear that the advantages of this method are much more significant than its shortcomings.

And the list of advantages of home autoclaves is impressive:

  • it will take 30-40 minutes to load the device: fill the jars and put them in a container, and then the cooking process goes without human participation;
  • at the same time preparing from 14 cans with a volume of 0.5 l (in the smallest model) and more;
  • cooking at temperatures above 100 ° C destroys pathogenic bacteria and spores, led by the causative agent of botulism;
  • since the pests are destroyed, the shelf life finished products extended several times;
  • thanks to the same high temperature, food cooks faster, while maintaining much large quantity vitamins and minerals than with standard cooking or baking;
  • since canned food is stewed in its own juice in a hermetically sealed container, this cooking method is recognized as the most useful.

Important!The cost of buying a mechanism pays off within 1-2 seasons.

Preservation in an autoclave diversifies your winter diet delicious meals and save the family budget.

Instructions for use

Before starting work, follow these rules:

  • rinse jars before filling, but do not sterilize;
  • when filling the container with products, leave a margin of 2-3 cm so that the products can increase in volume during the heating process;
  • banks are first placed in a cassette (if there is a device in the configuration), and then the cassette is lowered into the autoclave;
  • it is allowed to put containers in several rows, but strictly one container on top of another;
  • when pouring water, control its level: it should be 3-4 cm higher than the top row of the container, but not reach the edge of the autoclave chamber by 5-6 cm;
  • close the lid tightly.

How to heat

Banks are placed only in water, heated (up to 60 ° C) water. If we already have hot vegetables, fruits according to the recipe in the container, then the temperature of the water in the autoclave should be at least 70 ... 90 ° C. After installing the jars and closing the lid, they begin heating to the desired temperature.

Important!The degree and time of sterilization depend on the product and the volume of the container.

The instructions for each autoclave have their own indicators, however, the average temperatures for some categories of canned food can be found in the table:

Name of canned food Can volume, l Sterilization temperature, °С Sterilization duration, min.
Canned meat 0,35 120 30
0,50 120 40
1,00 120 60
Canned poultry meat 0,35 120 20
0,50 120 30
1,00 120 50
Canned fish 0,35 115 20
0,50 115 25
1,00 115 30
Canned vegetables 0,35 100 10
0,50 100 15
1,00 100 20
Marinated mushrooms 0,35 110 20
0,50 110 30
1,00 110 40
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From compliance temperature regime and the required cooking time directly depends on the quality of the final product and its further safety.

Autoclave Safety Precautions

The autoclave operates at high temperatures, so it is important to know how to properly organize its work in terms of safety:

  • always follow the thermal level indicated in the recipe. It is permissible to exceed it only by 2 ° C, no more;
  • the time of sterilization (direct preparation of the product) is considered from the moment the temperature necessary for cooking in the autoclave is reached, and not from the moment the device is turned on or the container is installed in it;
  • it is advisable to cook canned fish and meat in jars up to 2 liters;
  • if you are sterilizing middle-aged lamb or beef, extend the process by 15-20 minutes;
  • river fish is also cooked for 15-20 minutes longer than indicated in the recipes for sea fish;
  • adhere to the required temperature and duration of cooking;
  • at the end of the process, turn off the heating and start cooling the unit. At gas devices to do this, you need to drain the water through the tap, and for electric ones - wait for the sound signal;
  • also, for safety reasons, relieve the pressure with the control valve.
  • pull out the seam in the cassette. When she cools down room temperature, then you can release the container from it.

Did you know?Among the ancient Romans, wine was the first canned product. SenatorMark Porcius Cato the Elder in one of his works described a method for preserving a drink for a whole year.

DIY autoclave

Autoclave - Pretty simple design, so many craftsmen make it with their own hands at home. If you are interested in such an idea, then pay attention to the following instructions.

Selecting the desired capacity parameters

The first step is to decide on the capacity for the future device. Reliable and inexpensive option in this case, a used propane tank. It has a suitable cylindrical shape, and a wall thickness of over 3 mm, which allows it to withstand high pressure. The following are also being considered as alternatives:

  • industrial fire extinguishers;
  • milk cans;
  • thick-walled steel pipes.

At the same time, the last two options will have to strengthen the bottom, otherwise the unit will not survive long-term sterilization. As for the volume, everything is individual here: 14 cans of 0.5 liters or 5 liters will fit in a 24-liter bottle, 8 cans of 2 liters each will fit in a 50-liter bottle (which will be discussed later).

Search for the necessary tools and accessories

In addition to the future autoclave chamber, we will also need additional components and tools for their installation. Useful for work:

  • drill;
  • welding inverter.


From the details prepare:

  • small leaf low carbon steel(10 mm) for cover;
  • for the neck - a piece of F159 pipe 5 mm thick;
  • 3 mm sheet or steel strip for the role of the future pallet;
  • if you plan to measure pressure and temperature (recommended), then take the pipes for the pressure gauge and thermometer;
  • 8 pcs. M12 bolts with nuts;
  • directly manometer and thermometer;
  • safety valve.

Important!To create excess pressure in the body, you will need to embed a valve for the car chamber.

The main stages of manufacture

Now - the build process itself:


Our autoclave is ready, now it is necessary to test it before work. To do this, you need to coat all the joints soapy water and raise the pressure inside to 8 atm. If there are bubbles, then the welding is of poor quality, it is necessary to finish it. The first sterilization in a new autoclave is best carried out outdoors, as a strong smell is possible.

Autoclave - great way save seasonal vitamins for more a long period and save your money. It does not require a lot of time for maintenance, and the results of his work exceed all expectations. Even if you preserve a little, you still take the opportunity to make the process easier for yourself, just take a model with a small volume. Once you have tried autoclave-cooked products, you will never go back to conventional canning or store-bought counterparts.

Video: do-it-yourself autoclave

Autoclave is a device used for sterilization, and was invented at the end of the seventeenth century. Autoclaves are used in medicine, in the chemical industry and in some other industries. National economy. In addition, no enterprise specializing in the conservation of various products can do without an autoclave. Agriculture. And at present, autoclaves are gaining more and more popularity, which are also used in the household, which help housewives significantly reduce the time for sterilizing home preservation, as well as improve the quality of the products obtained. Moreover, the use of autoclaves in everyday life is not limited to conservation. In them, you can successfully prepare various dishes, as well as marinades or sauces. According to external dimensions household autoclaves are compact enough and will easily fit into the interior of any house or apartment.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with how does an autoclave work. There are various types of autoclaves, which differ in volume, as well as in some technical parameters. In addition, autoclaves can be both electric and powered by external source heating. There are large volume autoclaves used in industry, and compact ones that are used at home. The main characteristics of autoclaves are the pressure that this or that apparatus is capable of creating, and the temperature. It is these parameters that are the basis for performing the sterilization process.

Essentially an autoclave for home use can be compared with a more or less familiar pressure cooker. The principle on which both of these devices work is that when creating a pressure above atmospheric and a temperature above 100 degrees, a hermetically sealed vessel can significantly reduce the time for cooking a wide variety of products or sterilizing canned products.

So, the principle of operation of the autoclave is based, as we already know, on the fact that by heating water, when a certain pressure is created, steam is formed, which is the basis for the sterilization of certain products. Regardless of the size and purpose of autoclaves, their structure is almost identical.

What is an autoclave made of?

The autoclave consists of a casing that protects the device from mechanical damage, a water-steam chamber and a sterilization chamber. The steam chamber is designed to produce steam, and the products to be sterilized are placed in the sterilization chamber. The autoclave is closed with a lid rubber gasket. To create tightness, the cover is screwed with bolts and wing nuts. A manometer is installed on the cover, which is necessary for monitoring the pressure. There is also a valve for bleeding excess steam and a pocket for installing a thermometer.

Despite this seemingly complicated appearance, with how the autoclave works, it is very simple to understand. After we unscrew and remove the cover, we will see that there is a tank inside cylindrical shape, divided at the bottom by a partition with holes. It is from these holes that steam enters the sterilization chamber as the water is heated, which is located in the lower part of the autoclave, that is, in the water-steam chamber. Everything is very simple. It is enough to fill this chamber with water, place jars or other utensils with food to be sterilized, close the lid and turn on the autoclave. In modern electric autoclaves, steam is supplied to the sterilization chamber from the so-called pot, in which an electric heating element is mounted, through a pipe.

Household autoclaves can be both electric and powered by an external source, such as gas. In addition, there are fully automated autoclaves. It is enough to install a certain program on the control unit, and the device itself will perform all necessary work. In the program management of some modern autoclaves the division of products according to their types and sterilization time is provided, which is very convenient and guarantees high-quality sterilization. There are also autoclaves that are used not only for sterilization, but also as a distiller to obtain purified water.

An online store selling autoclaves and other devices for canning and processing agricultural products has a wide range of various models of autoclaves for both domestic and industrial use. All you have to do is visit our website and place your order. The goods will be delivered as soon as possible by cash on delivery or by one of the transport companies.

© How does an autoclave work? Buy autoclave. Buy autoclave for stew. Autoclaves by cash on delivery. Home, household autoclaves for canning. Autoclave for canning meat, fish, poultry, vegetables. Recipes for cooking stew in an autoclave

Modern autoclaves for industry are complex aggregates with great performance. Represents autoclave vertical or a horizontal vessel that is hermetically sealed with spherical lids.
Applies autoclave horizontal for processing composite materials. In most cases it is used gas autoclave, since gas heating has great flexibility and minimal heating time. This is the best way classic autoclave, as it has a simple installation, a small area and does not require a diathermic heating system. In addition, the cost of the heat treatment process of the product in such an autoclave is much lower than required for autoclave electric(for example, compare the cost of electricity and gas). Of course, there are horizontal and spiral autoclave models, which are a model of energy-saving technologies. A spiral heat exchanger allows you to work with any product, but its cost is much higher than a gas heat exchanger, in addition, it also has a long payback period.
The pressure vessel is autoclave vertical, the heating of the aqueous medium in which is carried out mainly with the help of heating elements located in the inner lower part of the autoclave.
Typically, modern industrial autoclaves in diameter they range from 1.2 m to 7.6 m, and in length - from 1.9 m to 40 m. Autoclaves are distinguished according to the method of loading into horizontal and vertical ones. There are also specialized models of autoclaves. But the principle of their work is the same: it consists in heating the sterilized product under pressure to high temperatures. The increased pressure in the autoclave compensates for the thermal expansion of the product.
Install the autoclave on supports that allow it to elongate when heated. Steam is supplied to the perforated pipe through a fitting, and condensate is removed through a drain valve. Inside the autoclave itself is laid rail track, along which trolleys with products for sterilization are rolled in.
To avoid big heat loss, external surfaces autoclaves are covered with thermal insulation, which contributes to the intensification technological process.
The change in pressure and temperature in the autoclave is carried out by sensors. As a rule, the temperature change is made by platinum or copper resistance thermocouples.
The principle of operation of the autoclave is as follows: after the sterilization cycle is selected, a preliminary fractionated vacuum with periodic heating is created in the working chamber of the autoclave, i.e. going on effective removal air and condensate in the working chamber of the sterilizer. Then pressure and temperature are created in the chamber in accordance with the set parameters and the sterilization phase begins. After the sterilization exposure is over, the pressure in the autoclave chamber is initially released and the stage of vacuum pulsed drying begins. In this way, the sterilized products are effectively dried, and the remaining moisture is instantly evaporated at high temperature and negative pressure. This type of sterilization is absolutely adequate for all sterilized products that can withstand a temperature of 135 degrees Celsius, and the operator is deprived of the opportunity to make even the slightest mistake, since the sterilization cycle is fully automated.
The management of the sterilization cycle, as well as the display of cycle parameters, is carried out using an interactive, electronic touch screen located on the front panel autoclave. The display allows the operator to select a cycle, adjust the display contrast, and put the autoclave into standby mode.
A wide variety of autoclave models are currently being produced for various industries industries, the principle of operation of which is not much different from each other. Used in industry autoclave with air-cooled and water. With water cooling, water is circulated by a pump, continuously spraying the product, and with air cooling, cooling is carried out by a jet of cold air.
For the manufacture of film triplex, it is necessary autoclave for triplex which provides improved optical characteristics glass, increases their moisture resistance and makes it possible to perform additional machining designs. At the first stage of manufacturing triplex, glass is cut right size and processing is done before receiving smooth surface. After that, a polyvinyl butyral or ethylene vinyl acetate film is laid between the glasses and the product is pressed in an autoclave.
Also, in the production of carbon fiber, an autoclave for carbon is needed. In general, there are several ways to obtain carbon fibers, but the autoclave method is the most widely used. It consists in the following: polyacrylonitrile fibers are oxidized in air for a day at a temperature of 2500C. Then the fibers are transferred to an inert gas, in which the carbonization process is carried out at a high temperature - 800-15000C. This is followed by the process of graphitization at a temperature of 1600-30000C. The process of manufacturing carbonate threads ends here.
Indispensable is also CFRP autoclave, since with its help products of uniform thickness are obtained, it is possible to mold large-sized high-quality products with low porosity.

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