Rules for puttying walls video. What putty is better to putty the walls and how to choose it. Puttying tool.

Foreword

Preparing surfaces for puttying is the next step. painting works after soil application.

Necessary tools and materials

RollerBucketWaterPrimerDrillBrushShoe for the skincuvetteLighthouseMixerPoluterokrulePutty knifeplaster mixture

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Content

Before you start puttying walls and other surfaces, you need to prepare for puttying, that is, carefully cover large cracks and small cracks with special pastes. This is most often done by hand. If the cracks are too voluminous, you can use a narrow spatula. About greasing the ceiling, walls and floor, as well as the technology of puttying with a spatula and trowel, read below.

Surface preparation for putty: tools and materials

Preparation of surfaces for puttying is the next stage of painting work after applying the primer. It is called lubrication and is a filling of lubricating pastes or putty compositions of pre-primed cracks in wooden elements, cracks in plaster layer and damaged areas in concrete structures. Preparation of surfaces for puttying is done manually or with spatulas. At the same time, care must be taken to avoid splashing of the lubricant.

To prepare surfaces before puttying you will need:

• steel spatula;
• universal spatula with rubber insert;
• container for lubricating composition or putty;
• stepladder;
• clip for attaching pumice stone;
• wooden block for fixing the sanding skin.

The material for the lubricant depends on the type of paint that is planned to be applied to the surface in the future. Under casein paint, casein grease is applied, under emulsion - oil-emulsion, under silicate, cement, polymer-cement - silicate, under glue - alum-glue, under other types of paint OKS putty is applied.

You can use lubricating pastes, both personally prepared and produced in the factory.

How to prepare the walls for putty?

Do-it-yourself metal spatulas are used to prepare the walls for puttying. Lubrication paste is collected on a spatula, applied to places with defects and leveled. Cracks are filled with the composition by transverse movements of the spatula, and then the composition is leveled by movements along the cracks.

Before you prepare the walls for putty, prepare the paste of the desired consistency: the surface should be even and smooth.

To prevent the layer of lubricating paste from standing out on the wall surface, experienced painters use the following technique. Holding the handle of the spatula with two fingers from below, at the same time with this index and middle fingers press the spatula firmly against the wall surface and move it with a light pressure “herringbone”. The angle between the trowel plane and the wall should be 30°. Thus, the lubricating paste is tightly applied to the wall surface.

Puttying the walls with your own hands will be easier if the grease is applied in a thin layer, since the paste may crack when applied in thick layers. Each new layer is applied to the completely dried previous one. The paste must be pressed into the cracks as deep as possible, otherwise voids may form under it.

Preparation for puttying the ceiling and floor

If there is a need to prepare for puttying the ceiling or at the top of the wall, you will need a stepladder or a special two-height folding table. First you need to expand the cracks, doing this in two movements. With one hand on the ceiling, with the other, using a narrow spatula, you need to expand the crack in the plaster to a depth of about 2 mm, tilting it to the right at an angle of 60 ° to the ceiling surface. During the second movement, the spatula also tilts to the left.

Then, with one hand, the lubricating composition is collected on a narrow spatula and transferred to a wide spatula, which is held in the other hand. Leaning against the ceiling with your left hand, with your right hand you need to press the blade of a wide spatula to the ceiling at an angle of 30 ° and, leading forward along the surface of the ceiling, apply the composition to it. The paste during lubrication before puttying with your own hands is applied first across the crack, and then along and leveled with a narrow spatula. The stepladder or table is rearranged as necessary.

Before applying the grease to the floor surface, it is necessary to clean all the roughness and burrs on it, cut off the sagging and transverse joints. All boards are sewn to the joists with nails, the floor is cleaned of dust and dirt, and drying oil is applied to it.

After that, you can begin to grease the damage. The composition is applied to the floor surface with a spatula with movements perpendicular to the pothole.

The crack must be filled with thick material to its entire depth. Then the paste layer is leveled by movements along the damaged area and smoothed with a rubber spatula.

After drying, the grease must be sanded, cleaned and primed.

In this case, the soil must be used the same as for processing the entire surface. It is applied to lubricated surfaces with a fly brush or a hand brush.

If cracks that appeared after shrinkage are found on the greased places, it is necessary to re-lubricate with subsequent grinding, cleaning, priming or coating with drying oil.

The smeared areas are polished with a pumice stone or sandpaper. Grinding is done in a circular motion. Profiled surfaces are sanded with sandpaper without pads.

During grinding work, it is necessary to ensure good ventilation in the room and use by individual means protection - a respirator and special glasses. As a result of grinding, sags and roughness are completely removed and the surface should become absolutely even and smooth.

How to properly putty walls: the necessary tools

The next step after priming and lubrication is surface puttying. How to properly putty in order to eliminate defects (roughness and irregularities) on plastered, wooden, concrete and other surfaces?

The surface is leveled with putty, the selection of which takes into account the type of paint used.

To follow the correct technique for applying putty to the walls, you will need the following tools:

• a drill with a mixer nozzle for mixing the solution (most often putty is sold as a dry composition, which must be mixed with water);
• set of spatulas different sizes(the largest is intended for filling surfaces, and the smallest is for processing hard-to-reach places);
• long metal rule(in case the putty will be applied in a thick layer);
• spirit or laser level for installation before the start of the start filling of test beacons;
• sandpaper (coarse at the stage of starting putty and fine-grained for rubbing the finishing putty);
• also essential tool when puttying with your own hands, there is a manual skinner with special clamps for fixing sandpaper on the handle, which facilitates the grinding process;
• container for mixing putty.

Do-it-yourself starting puttying of walls (with video)

According to the technology, wall puttying is divided into three stages. There are starting, lighthouse and finishing putty.

For proper wall puttying, the composition must be prepared in accordance with the instructions usually available on the package. It is recommended to knead the solution in portions, as it is used up, and use it immediately after kneading. frozen solution not diluted with water, it will have to be thrown away and kneaded a new portion.

Do-it-yourself starting puttying of the walls is carried out using a rough material. The purpose of such a rough putty is to eliminate large wall differences, conceal strobes, holes and visible defects. The thickness of the starting putty applied in one layer can reach 1.5 cm. The putty is applied to the surface with a spatula. It must be thoroughly rubbed, and the wider the spatula, the faster the work will go.

The best technique for applying putty at the starting stage is the method using two spatulas at once (narrow and wide). You can draw the composition from the container with a narrow one, and rub it with a wide one.

Puttying is carried out not from the ceiling to the floor, but from one corner of the room to another. If the surface has too large differences, do not immediately level a large amount of putty. It is better to apply it in several layers, waiting for each to dry completely.

To obtain the highest quality surface, a special painting grid is fixed on the wall and the putty is distributed over it. In this case, the walls are puttied completely. The advantage of this technology lies in a more uniform distribution of putty and its greater strength. The coarser the selected painting grid, the smoother the surface of the wall will be.

Do-it-yourself starting puttying video will help you better master the process technology:

Wall puttying technology: lighthouse and finishing putty

The tools and materials for the lighthouse wall puttying technique are the same as for the starting one. The difference is in the use of beacons. A lighthouse is a rail made of wood, gypsum or metal, which is placed vertically. The vertical is checked with a level. Beacons are attached to the walls with a quick-drying gypsum mixture. Alignment is also performed along horizontal lines. In order to achieve an even layer of putty, a rule is used. Putty is applied to the wall and the excess is removed as a rule. In this case, the rule is carried out along the lighthouses so that the layer of putty is even. A level is also used to check the quality of work.

Finishing puttying is carried out using finishing putty mixtures. The purpose of the operation is to give the surface an ideal smoothness. The composition is applied with a minimum layer.

With the help of the top coat, you can finally correct the flaws made in the previous stages of work.

The correct technique for applying putty on the walls

So, the most important thing: how to properly putty the walls so that they turn out even and smooth?

If a dry putty mixture is used, it must be properly prepared. Following the instructions, you need to pour a certain volume of water into the container and pour the dry mixture into it, continuously stirring with a spatula. To get a homogeneous mass, you can use a drill with a mixer nozzle. The readiness of the putty is determined by its consistency - the mixture should be elastic, easily stick to the spatula and not drain from it. If it is necessary to thicken it, dry putty is gradually added. The appearance of lumps in the mixture means that it is too dry.

After preparation, the putty can be applied to the surface. Using a spatula with a metal, plastic or rubber blade, an even layer of putty is applied to the entire surface to be treated. The spatula is selected depending on the nature of the surface and the degree of preparation of the base.

The number of layers depends on the quality of the surface. Usually 1-3 layers of putty material are applied. Each layer is dried and cleaned with pumice or sandpaper. In addition, each layer must be treated with a primer before applying the next and wait for it to dry completely.

Putty can be applied manually or mechanically. To increase labor productivity, you can use wooden trowels upholstered with rubber.

Ready putty material is laid out in wooden box or baking sheet. If the work is to be done at chest level, the container is placed on a stool or stand. When filling the lower part of the wall or floor, the box is placed on the floor. To prevent the mixture from drying out, it is covered with wet gauze.

When puttying, a portion of the material is collected on a spatula, applied to the surface to be treated and leveled. The spatula must be held at an angle of 30° to the surface. Putty is applied in medium portions and evenly distributed over the surface. It is necessary to apply the composition diagonally in one motion. The next layer is applied overlapping the previous one.

At the stage of starting puttying, the composition is kneaded in small portions. In this case, there will be no dried particles in the mixture, which reduce the quality of work. You can ignore the ugly stripes from the spatula. At the stage of finishing coating, they will be hidden.

The thickness of the putty layers can vary from 2 to 4 mm and depends on the degree of pressure on the spatula - the stronger it is, the thinner the layer will be. Layers should not have joints. So that strips from grains of sand do not form on the material layer, it is necessary to remove them from the spatula blade in a timely manner. It is important to choose the right position when working at chest level or at the bottom of a wall.

If puttying is done with a trowel, a portion of the material is applied to it with a plastering spatula or spatula. Then the trowel is brought to the surface, pressed and led up, making sure that one of its edges is raised. The putty layer is also leveled with a trowel, but at the same time, the pressure on it should be increased. Putty can be applied to the surface with a fly brush. In this case, gaps are not allowed, and the material is leveled with a spatula or trowel with a rubber strip. It is more convenient to perform such work with three people - one person should apply the putty with a brush, and two should level it. If you plan to putty a surface of a large area, use a more productive tool - a wide spatula and a trowel. A narrow spatula can be used to process bottlenecks. For profiled parts and wooden products with calves should be used rubber spatulas made from hard rubber strips.

Corner spatulas are convenient for processing the corners of the room. First, a small layer of putty is applied with a small spatula over the entire height of the corner, and the surface is leveled with an angled spatula. The putty layer should dry well within a day.

After drying the starting and beacon layers of putty, you can proceed to the finish coat. For work, two spatulas are used simultaneously - large and small. Putty is collected with a small one and transferred in small portions to a large one. The mixture is applied evenly over the entire surface.

Watch the video correct technique puttying the walls to better understand how this work is done:

Repairs rarely do without puttying and priming the surface of the walls. This type of work is done on final stage for a smooth and even surface. In addition to a smooth surface, putty walls have a number of advantages, including a neat appearance and light weight. further work. When doing the work yourself, it is important to know how to putty the walls to get a flat and smooth surface for painting or wallpapering. Do-it-yourself wall putty is a fairly simple type of work, the main thing is to understand what needs to be done, follow the procedure and be able to handle the tool.

Wall decoration works can be divided into three main stages. The first step is surface preparation. It consists in removing the old coating, cracked putty and plaster. At the second stage, we carry out a rough finish of the surface of the walls. This includes reinforcement, leveling and puttying. The final third stage comes down to wallpapering, painting or other method of wall decoration. Many are accustomed to performing only the first and last stage, completely losing sight of the rough finish. This small omission will have a negative impact on appearance walls and the general impression of the repair. The need to perform such work as leveling the walls, puttying the walls for wallpaper or puttying the walls for painting becomes apparent only at the final stage of the work, when nothing can be changed.

Video: wall putty for wallpaper

The obvious advantages of wall puttying are a smooth surface, smoothing out plaster influxes, small depressions and cracks. In addition, puttied walls have a uniform surface, on which any finishing materials will perfectly fit.

As for leveling the surface, everything is somewhat more complicated with this type of work. The fact is that leveling carries an aesthetic load, while putty is technical. And the answer to the question of whether to do alignment depends on financial capabilities and the desire to see symmetrical corners of the premises.

Ways to putty walls

For high-quality repairs, it is necessary to perform the procedure of puttying surfaces before final finishing. To know how to properly putty walls, you must first understand the methods of puttying. There are the following methods: starting putty, beacon putty, finishing putty and putty for cracks. Each of these methods is performed various types putty and is used for certain purposes. Before puttying the walls for painting or wallpaper, you should perform the initial putty and level the walls.

Starting surface putty

Starting wall putty is a crucial stage, the quality of which depends on the amount of subsequent work

For starting putty, gypsum-based putty-plasters with an admixture of various additives are used. Starting putty is carried out in order to level the walls, close up the strobes and holes. The layer thickness can reach up to 15 mm. At big thickness putty-plaster should be applied in successive layers. Each new layer is applied with pauses for the previous one to dry. For quality application starting putty-plaster use a paint grid. With its help, the material has better adhesion to the surface, the possibility of cracks practically disappears, and the surface itself is more even.

Important! In order for the surface to be as smooth and even as possible, a coarse paint grid should be used.

Beacon Method

Lighthouse wall putty allows you to simultaneously eliminate surface defects

The implementation of this puttying method requires the same materials as the starting putty. It is used for leveling walls, sealing gates and holes. Before puttingtying the walls with lighthouse putty, beacons are installed, which are made of wood, gypsum or metal slats. The lighthouse is exposed in the vertical and horizontal plane under the level and filled with putty-plaster. Thanks to this, the surface is perfectly flat and vertical.

Important! Lighthouse putty is an order of magnitude more expensive than putty using a paint grid, but visually does not differ.

Surface finishing

This method of puttying is also called "bespeschanka". Putty is applied to the lighthouse or starting to give the surface a perfectly smooth and even look. The result is a surface without pores and cracks. The finishing putty is applied in a thin layer and completely repeats the plane of the previously applied starting putty.

Important! Finishing putty is designed to give a smooth surface. It cannot be used for alignment, since the layer finishing putty is not more than 1.5 mm.

A video demonstrating how to properly putty walls clarifies the technology for applying finishing putty.

Wall plastering with cracks

This method is used when it is necessary to locally “pat up” the surface of the wall. You can putty cracks with a simple spatula. Gypsum and alabaster mixtures can be used as a material, but the best material for this type of puttying is satengypsum. Before you start filling cracks, you should increase the width and depth of the crack itself. This is done for better adhesion of putty. To do this, we draw a sharp corner of the spatula or a knife along the crack itself. Next, apply a deep penetration primer and let it dry. Now apply the putty itself with a spatula and let it dry.

Important! Working with alabaster and gypsum is more difficult because they do not have sufficient elasticity. The advantage of these materials is their drying speed - about 10-15 minutes. Satengips is more elastic, but has a longer drying time.

Choice of materials and tools

To perform the work, you will need the following tool:

- spatula small 10-15 cm;

- large spatula 25-30 cm;

- angle spatula;

- drill and plug-in mixer;

- sandpaper;

- brush and roller;

- a clean capacity of 15-25 liters.

Wall Sanding Tool Set

With materials, the situation is somewhat more complicated. The putty market provides a huge selection, ranging from simple and cheap linseed oil-based putties to expensive, pre-prepared putties. Those who have a limited budget or have a desire to save money can opt for dry putties.

They are cheaper and more good quality. To apply the starting layer, coarse putty should be used, for the last layer, finishing putty should be used. There are a number of universal putties, but for the quality of work and economy, you should choose according to the method of their application.

Important! In dry putties, a serious drawback is their poor resistance to moisture. At high humidity they become soft again. To be safe from this phenomenon, it is better to immediately choose moisture-resistant putties.

In order for putty and other finishing materials to hold well, the surface is primed. The applied primer layer will fix and preserve the surface from minor damage. In addition, the primer promotes better absorption (absorption) and adhesion to the base surface of plaster, paint, wallpaper glue and putty. When choosing a primer, you should pay attention to the type of surface to which the primer will be applied. Primers with a high degree penetrations are applied to highly porous and loose surfaces, universal primers are applied to medium-porous surfaces. We apply a primer with high adhesive properties on a low-porous dense surface. For high-quality coupling of finishing materials, specialized primers should be used for a certain type of surface.

It is more convenient and faster to prime the surface with a roller

Important! For priming surfaces in rooms with high humidity, special waterproofing primers should be used. Such primers are applied in two layers.

How to putty walls: stages of work

1. We treat the surface with a primer. For this we use a roller. Hard-to-reach places, corners and joints are primed with a brush. We are waiting for it to dry completely.

2. If necessary, we level the walls with plaster or starting putty. After drying, prime again.

3. If we use dry putty, we will have to do its preparation. To do this, pour a small amount of water into the container and add putty. First, mix with a spatula, and then use a drill with a mixer. We add water gradually.

Mixing solutions is carried out in strict accordance with the instructions of the material manufacturer

Important! The readiness of putty is determined by its consistency. On the video demonstrating how to putty the walls, you can see what it should be: elastic and slightly stick to the surface of the spatula. If the putty drains, then it is watery and a dry mixture should be added. If lumps, then vice versa - dry.

4. We apply the starting putty. To do this, use a large spatula. Putty is applied in medium portions and evenly distributed over the surface of the wall. We hold the spatula at an angle of 25-30 degrees and apply putty with one diagonal movement. To avoid bumps and transitions, we overlap each subsequent layer.

Important! When applying the starting layer, the putty should be kneaded in small portions for quick development. This is to ensure that dry particles do not appear in the mixed mixture, which can affect the quality of work. Do not be afraid of the appearance of stripes from the spatula, they will be leveled with finishing putty.

5. For even corners, use a special corner spatula. First, using a small spatula, we apply a small layer of putty to the entire height of the corner or slope, and then level it with an angular spatula. Let it dry well throughout the day.

Puttying corners and slopes with a special corner spatula guarantees the formation of perfectly even corners

6. After complete drying of the starting putty, you can proceed to the finish. We put putty in small portions on a large spatula with a small one. Then apply evenly to the surface. The thickness of the layer of finishing putty should be from 1.5 to 2 mm.

7. Before puttying the walls for wallpaper or painting, you should wait until the starting putty and the first layer of the finish have completely dried. After 12 hours, the first layer of finishing putty will dry, and the surface can be prepared for the final stage of puttying. For this we apply finishing layer waiting for it to dry. Now it can be sanded with a special holder and sandpaper.

Important! Before applying each new layer of putty, it is desirable to treat the previous one with a primer.

Wall putty for painting differs from wall putty for wallpaper in the quality of the final surface polishing. For wallpaper, a perfectly smooth surface is not so important. The wallpaper itself will partially hide the roughness. But for paint, this is critical, especially if you use enamel. Therefore, for grinding walls under wallpaper fit sandpaper with a grain of P80 to P120, and for painting the walls it is worth grinding with sandpaper with a grain of P120 to P150.

Puttying the walls is not so much a complicated process as a laborious process that requires a lot of time. All works require increased attention, but the result will please with its elegance and perfection.

Wall puttying is an invariable process of finishing the base before wallpapering or painting. We will learn about the rules for choosing a material to obtain a smooth surface with minimal roughness and how to apply it from this article.

The main types of putties for walls

Putty is formed by three main components - a binder, a filler and a solvent. The filler is most often sand, the solvent is water, sometimes drying oil, but the binder can be any, the characteristics of the working material depend on its type.

Classification of putty for walls by composition

cement putty considered a type of cement mortar. To obtain the substance, cement grade 500 or 400 is used and river sand as a filler, which is valued for its small crystals and a small amount of impurities. After hardening, the coating becomes very hard, and it is impossible to accidentally destroy it.

Cement putty is water resistant and is often applied to walls in bathrooms and other high humidity areas. It is allowed to use this type of coating for finishing facade walls. Does not break down when low temperatures.

Cement putty - gray color, so it is not used for surface treatment under light wallpaper, it can shine through. The disadvantages include shrinkage of the material after drying and excessive rigidity of the coating, which can cause cracks to form after the walls are puttyed.

Gypsum putty is made from gypsum mixture. It is used at the final stage of leveling walls to create a perfectly equal surface for painting or wallpapering. After plaster processing, you can stick wallpaper of any color due to the perfect whiteness of the wall.

The mixture does not shrink, is plastic, easy to apply and remove. It does not include harmful impurities, and mold and fungus do not take root on the surface. Gypsum does not like moisture and is used in dry, ventilated rooms - putty swells under the influence of water. Some difficulties for users can create a quick drying of the mixture.

Polymer putty is made using chemicals. It does not absorb water, is not afraid of temperature changes and precipitation. The material is elastic, applied in a thin layer, does not crack or shrink. The solution often closes the cracks that were formed under the influence of water. Users may not like only one thing - the high cost of the material.

From polymer putties the most popular is acrylic. It is convenient for use in household when it is not possible to select material for each specific case. Can be applied in thick or thin layers.

A number of putties contain drying oil. Adhesive putty consists of 10% glue, drying oil and chalk, the coating is very durable and elastic.

Oil-adhesive putty, in addition to drying oil, contains plasticizers. Applied to concrete or wooden walls, used for internal works. It is indispensable for finishing walls before painting in wet rooms. Such putty is applied to walls that do not require high-quality finishes, for example, in sheds, closets, and bathrooms. It protects the surface from destruction by evaporation. Oil-adhesive putty protects wooden walls from decay, and fasteners from corrosion. After processing, the wall is painted with oil paint.

Separation of putty for wall decoration according to its intended purpose

The composition of the mixtures contains components that perform well in certain conditions. In order not to spoil the wall with the wrong coating, study the features of working with each type of putty:

• The starting putty is applied first after plastering in order to eliminate layout defects, large wall differences, seal holes and wide cracks. The layer thickness can reach 2.5 cm. It is distinguished by the presence of components with large fractions, so the coating has high strength characteristics. Usually the binder is cement compositions, gypsum and chalk, as well as various chemical substances. After processing, the wall acquires a gray tint.
• The finishing putty is applied on top of the starting putty to obtain a perfectly smooth white surface. Without such processing, all surface irregularities will be visible on the decor. The composition of the mixture includes fine-grained components, so the surface is very smooth, silky to the touch. The material is well processed by the simplest abrasive tools. The maximum layer of finishing wall putty reaches 3 mm.
• Universal compositions combine the properties of starting and finishing putty. Allow you to get a solid high quality surface after applying one layer of plaster. The disadvantages include the high cost of the material. Universal putties are very durable, they are gray in color, which is why not all walls can be applied to them.

The choice of putty on the walls according to the base material

When choosing a mixture, be guided by the composition of the building material of the base wall: the binder in the plaster and the partition should be the same.

The criteria for choosing putty on this basis are as follows:

1. Brick, concrete and plaster cement mortar walls should be finished with cement putty.
2. Any surface is finished with gypsum mixtures, but the best adhesion indicator will be when processing drywall.
3. Polymer compounds can putty all the walls.
4. The scope of the mixture is usually written on the packaging, therefore, in order not to make a mistake with the choice, read the recommendations of the manufacturer.

The scope of the mixture also depends on the dispersion of the particles of the substance:

• Putty mixes wooden walls contain deeply dispersed particles (200 microns in section), they are in good contact with wood.
• Walls made of brick or covered with sandy-clay plaster are recommended to be puttied with fine mixtures (15-20 microns).
• Artificial wall coverings interact well with medium-dispersed putties (59-80 microns in section).
• The dispersion of putty is usually indicated on its packaging, which facilitates the choice of material.

Types of putties for walls by phase state

The material is sold in paste or powder form. Each type - with its pros and cons, and the user must consciously choose the coverage.

Ready mix sold in jars, it can be spread immediately. This type includes water-dispersed putties. The mixture has a sustained viscosity and increased strength thanks to industrial production. After work, keep unused putty in a closed container, otherwise the substance will lose its qualities. The shelf life of the product is much shorter than that of dry materials. Ready-made putties save time on mixing, there is no dust during operation. Please note that the factory-prepared mixture shrinks a lot, so it is applied in a layer of up to 2 mm.

The dry mixture is stored in bags and bags, has a long shelf life. Before use, dilute it according to the instructions on the package. The cost of the material is lower than the finished mixture. Dry gypsum-cement plaster is intended for processing the surface under the wallpaper. A mixture for living rooms is indicated by the indices LR and KR, for wet rooms- VH.

Preparatory work before puttying the walls

Puttying requires care and does not tolerate stops. In order for the main process to run continuously, perform a series of preliminary work.

Choosing a tool for applying putty on walls

Without special tools, a high-quality surface cannot be obtained. Minimum set building fixtures for puttying walls with your own hands looks like this:

1. Drill with a mixer for mixing the mixture. Used to prepare a solution from dry material.
2. A set of spatulas ranging in size from 80 cm to very small. A large tool reduces work time, a small one allows processing inaccessible places. To work with corners, you will need angular spatulas.
3. Devices for priming putty - rollers and brushes large sizes. After priming, a thin hardened layer of putty is formed, which ensures good bonding of the material with any decorative material.
4. The rule is used for leveling a thick layer of putty, as well as for surface quality control.
5. Lighthouses - metal profiles, which are fixed to the wall and serve as bases for controlling surface treatment.
6. A laser or other level is needed to control the finish of very uneven walls. With its help, beacons are set to level the putty.
7. Sandpaper, skinners, mesh jointers are abrasive tools for surface grinding.
8. Immediately before work, wash the working tool and wipe it with cotton napkins. Inspect the mixer and mixing container for old, dried putty. If found, delete it.

Pre-treatment of walls before puttying

Putty cannot be applied to an unprepared wall, it simply will not stick to it. Before starting work on finishing with putty, check the condition of the substrate and carry out rough processing according to the following recommendations:

• Putty is applied only to the plastered surface.
• Remove from surface old paint and peeling plaster.
• Remove oil stains, paint or soot. Make sure that there is no part of the formwork left on the wall, the remains of scale.
• Do not start work if the walls are frozen.
• Eliminate large defects with a solution that is mixed from sand and cement in a ratio of 3: 1. Small ones will be eliminated with starting putty.
• After puttying problem areas, give the mixture time to dry, and then prime the wall with a deep penetration primer. Apply the solution in one layer without gaps. If there are doubts about the adhesion of the putty, cover the partition with a 10% solution of PVA glue.

Preparation of a mixture of putty for walls

The preparation of the solution from the dry mixture is carried out according to the instructions on the packaging of the mixture. In its absence, you can use universal tips:

1. Pour into a bucket clean water in the amount indicated on the packaging of the material. Usually pour no more than 1/3 of a bucket of water.
2. Pour the dry mixture into the water in a thin stream until the top of the powder appears above the water.
3. Wait until the pile gets wet and sags. After 20-30 seconds, mix the solution with a drill with a mixer for 1 minute.
4. Turn off the drill and wait 1 minute, then continue to mix until a smooth paste, no lumps allowed. After removing the mixer from the solution, a non-disappearing trace should remain in the bucket.
5. For a thick layer of putty, prepare the solution thick.
6. Before applying the putty on the walls, pick up the solution with a spatula and tilt it to different sides. The mixture should not slip in any position of the spatula.
7. Do not add water and powder to the solution, even if the consistency of the solution does not suit you, apply as it happens.
8. Before kneading, find out the setting time of the mixture, the amount of one-time kneading should be enough to produce it with a margin of 25% over time.

Do-it-yourself wall putty technology

Puttying work is carried out in a certain sequence, only compliance with the technology will allow you to get a good result.

Applying the first layer of putty on the walls

On the initial stage work, the first layer of coating or starting putty is applied. Consider the features of finishing the wall with starting putty for various amounts of work.

The most common defects when leveling walls with putty at the initial stage are local cracks and potholes. To work, you need a medium or wide spatulas.

The sequence of work on sealing cracks:

• First, widen and deepen the gap a little, then scratch the walls with a knife and primer.
• Fill the gap with mortar. Often, a masking net is used to strengthen the putty, which improves adhesion to the base wall and prevents cracks.
• During operation, you can not pull the spatula, the grout is carried out with sweeping movements, crosswise, ensuring uniform pressure of the tool. After periodic movements with a spatula, the putty will disperse itself, as it should.
• Movement is stopped when the mixture fills the gaps flush with the main surface.

For putty large surface follow these guidelines:

1. The solution is applied in stripes with an overlap of about 15%. The putty that appears on the sides is not removed, it is removed after drying.
2. Puttying is done with two spatulas. One is a worker with a width of 60-80 cm, the other is a small one, with which the mixture is taken from a bucket and applied to the tool. To work, it is enough to apply 15-20 cm of solution to the tool.
3. Move the spatula diagonally along the wall, which allows you to process the wall horizontally and vertically at the same time.
4. If you are right-handed, then for convenience, start work on the left side of the wall. In this case, the applied material will be covered by a new layer applied on the right side.
5. During operation, try to maintain the same pressure, which will ensure a uniform thickness of the putty.
6. To obtain a layer thickness of 2-4 mm, hold the tool at an angle of 20-30 degrees. Decreasing the angle increases the layer thickness and vice versa.
7. After drying, remove the sags from the surface with a sandpaper or other abrasive.
8. Check the quality of the wall putty with a long rule and a flashlight, gaps between the rule and the wall are not allowed. The protrusions are removed with an abrasive, the cavities are sealed with putty.
9. An angle trowel is used to process corners. There are no fundamental differences between puttying corners and flat surfaces, but working with complex surfaces- more painstaking, and may require several approaches.
10. After obtaining the desired result, allow the wall to dry well, and then go over it with a mesh jointer with mesh No. 80-120. The larger the number, the smaller size grains. First, the jointer makes circular movements, then wide movements crosswise. Check the quality of the wall putty under the wallpaper rule and a flashlight. With good results, you can glue the wallpaper.

There is a special version of the starting wall decoration - beacon putty. It is carried out using special profile rails, which are attached to the wall in a vertical plane. Putty after application to the wall is leveled with a rule that relies on beacons. The position of the profiles is controlled by a level; gypsum or other quick-hardening mortar is used for fastening to the wall. The distance between the beacons is chosen arbitrarily and depends on the length of the rule that is available. In this way, even the most humpbacked wall can be leveled.

Finishing coating of walls with putty

Finishing putty is designed to obtain a perfectly smooth surface for painting, because the surface of the wall for paint must be processed better than for wallpapering. With its help, the smallest surface defects that remain after the starting putty are eliminated. The solution is applied in a thin layer, so poor-quality initial wall decoration finishing won't fix.

Tips on how to level the wall with putty to get a perfectly smooth surface:

• To apply a very thin layer, dampen the wall with plenty of water. If this is not done, moisture will be instantly absorbed, the solution will lose elasticity, and it is difficult to level it.
• If you plan to use acrylic paint, use a particularly strong putty white color.
• After the walls have dried, the coating is rubbed with a mesh jointer with a number of at least 150.
• To obtain a mirror finish, the wall is rubbed with a plaster trowel with suede. After puttying the wall for painting, it is carefully primed.

Putty must dry under certain conditions: the treated surface must not get sunlight, there should be no drafts in the room, the use of heaters is not allowed. Ventilation should be internal, without strong air currents and noticeable temperature changes in adjacent rooms.

Drying time decorated wall depends on the type of putty mixture, usually lasts up to 12 hours. Experts recommend continuing work after 24 hours.

Watch a video about wall finishing with putty:

The process of puttying is not complicated, but time-consuming, it takes a long time. flat smooth surface can be obtained subject to the established procedure and the ability to work with a finishing tool.

To get beautiful wall decoration surface must be properly prepared. To do this, you need to align the walls as much as possible with puttying. achieve good results very simple, the main thing is to correctly choose the material, tools for work and study the nuances of applying putty.

How to putty walls with your own hands

Almost all types of finishing measures (except for tiling or special panels) require preliminary leveling of the walls. Particular attention should be paid to surface treatment for painting or wallpaper. What materials are used for processing, how to properly putty the walls? The answers to these and other questions can be found below. First, we will talk about leveling surfaces for wallpaper and paintwork.

Wall putty for wallpaper

Many are interested in this topic: the elimination of irregularities from the surface on which it is planned to paste the wallpaper. As a rule, the walls are put in order with the help of a special paste - putty. Before processing, the surface should be checked for defects. For this, it is applied special tool- a rule that is applied to the wall horizontally, vertically, diagonally. If a gap is visible on the site, then this indicates irregularities.

How to putty walls under wallpaper? The material should be applied in a layer, the thickness of which should be no more than 5 millimeters (if the coating is thicker, it will not dry well and peel off quickly). To obtain a uniform coating, it is recommended to use a large spatula, which should be held at an angle of 30 degrees. Puttying can be started under the ceiling or from below, and it is more convenient to process the corners with a small spatula. To effectively level the dried putty, you need to use a skin with specific parameters: P80-P120 (the cost is about 150-180 rubles).

Wall putty for painting

To paintwork it turned out beautiful, perfectly smooth and looked aesthetically pleasing to the maximum, you need to know how to putty the walls for painting. Below are tips for applying putty before painting:

1. It is better to choose spatulas of medium and small dimensions.
2. Sandpaper should have a P120 grit. The touch-up coating must be sanded very carefully.
3. It is advisable to work during the day when the room is bright. This is necessary to detect every smallest defect.
4. You can create additional lighting, but for this you should conduct light from another room.
5. How to properly putty walls before applying paint? The technology for applying the leveling composition is identical to the process of puttying the surface under the wallpaper. The only difference: you need to more carefully and carefully eliminate even the most minor flaws.
6. If it is not possible to learn how to do repairs with your own hands, then it is better to invite specialists. The price of their services varies depending on many factors.

How to choose putty

A mass of paste-like consistency, consisting of small parts of a mineral substance (gypsum, lime, chalk, and so on), which is used to level surfaces, is putty. Before you putty the walls, you need to do right choice material. It is necessary to pay attention to the size of the particles: the smaller they are, the thinner the coating layer will be. The putty mixture is classified depending on the type of binder, level of preparation, purpose.

By the type of "bundle" putty can be:

• plaster (it is used to process the internal walls of the building);
• cement (suitable for rooms with a high level of humidity);
• polymer (used at the final stage of work, because it allows you to create a perfectly flat wall).

Classification by degree of readiness:

• ready;
• dry.

Depending on destination:

• leveling putty (for pre-treatment surface);
• finishing (for smoothing walls up to 1 mm);
• specialized putty (for a specific purpose, which is indicated on the package);
• universal weight (all types of destination);
• decorative (to create a specific texture on the walls, has the highest price).

Wall putty price

Before learning how to properly putty internal walls premises, you need to purchase a leveling compound. The price often depends on the type of coating, the manufacturer and the weight of the package. Putty can be ordered in a specialized store, bought inexpensively in an online store or in the construction market according to a catalog. Below is a table with an approximate price finishing material different types.

Wall putty technology

Front detailed description how to properly putty a wall, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the general step by step technology process:

1. It is possible to qualitatively putty the walls only when the surface has been previously prepared. The wall must be cleaned of dust, dirt, and then repair the defects with acrylic or glue.
2. After that, the surface is treated with antiseptic agents, a primer is applied.
3. After the primer layer has dried, you can begin to putty and clean the surface.

Preparing walls for plastering

When filling walls, there is no need to use beacons or reinforcing mesh. Before starting work, the walls must be carefully prepared. The wall must be perfectly clean: it is necessary to remove stains, old plaster, scale. It is also not recommended to putty frozen surfaces. Before applying the leveling mass, it is necessary to treat the wall with a primer (the price of this material is affordable and low) - this is necessary for better adhesion of the surface and putty. The primer mixture is applied in one even layer using a special roller.

Starting putty

First, a starting putty is applied to the wall, which is needed to eliminate cracks, assembly seams, various holes and similar flaws. "Start" is laid out in several dense layers (2-5 mm). The solution is prepared from dry powder and water. Not every beginner can “recognize” the starting coating, but the specialist immediately sees it: such a putty is darker and has a loose structure after hardening. You need to plaster with a wide tool. After drying, each layer is polished with a special mesh or coarse-grained emery.

Applying finishing coat to walls

When the starting layer has hardened, a finishing putty is applied to it using a medium-sized tool. It is laid out in a thin layer, which makes the surface of the wall perfectly smooth, beautiful. The main objective of this event is the elimination of absolutely all pores, scratches and other irregularities of the previous layer. Incorrect, poor-quality performance of any of the stages can cause deep cracks, peeling of the coating and spoil the aesthetics of the room. The price of the final material is higher than that of the starting raw material.

How to apply putty on the wall

To putty the surface of the walls with your own hands, a certain set of equipment will come in handy:

1. Drill with a special mixer. Most of the putty range is produced in dry form. The powder is best diluted in water. To mix these two components to a homogeneous, thick consistency, you must use a drill with a mixer nozzle.
2. A set of spatulas of different sizes. When filling walls, tools of large and small sizes are useful. Small spatulas are used for processing hard-to-reach areas (for example, corners).
3. Rule. This metal device is used for convenient and high-quality leveling of the putty mixture.
4. The laser level is used before applying the starting layer. To check how flat the wall is, you need to set the beacons and the level.
5. Rollers and brushes for priming. This step cannot be skipped. A thin but durable primer film increases the strength of the walls, and is also a guarantee high level adhesion (adhesion) with any finishing building material.
6. Sandpaper helps to remove excess material particles and create a perfectly smooth, flat surface. For mashing the starting layer, it is better to use a coarse-grained skin, and for the finishing layer - with the smallest grains.
7. There is always an opportunity to buy the right tools at an affordable price.

How to properly apply putty on interior walls? The process technology is as follows:

1. The finished mixture for leveling is collected with a spatula with a narrow base.
2. Then it is applied to a wide instrument and rubbed over it.
3. The spatula is applied to the surface. The mass is stretched along the wall from left to right.
4. Excess mixture is removed by moving the spatula in reverse side.
5. So several layers are laid out.

How to putty wall corners

To correctly putty the corners, you need to use a special tool - an angular spatula. It is suitable for processing internal and outside corners. First, a sufficient amount of the mixture is applied to the surface, and then it is smoothed with a spatula until the desired result is obtained. Thickness of putty inner corner should be 2-5 mm, because it is not easy to overwrite such a surface. For external corners it is allowed to use more material, as they will be sanded with 150 grit sandpaper.

How to level walls with putty

At the end of the article, you can familiarize yourself with the basic alignment rules. internal surfaces residential building. How to properly putty walls? It is worth adhering to this technology:

1. First, a little gypsum or lime mortar is laid out on a pallet of shallow depth.
2. A small spatula is taken, cracks, cracks, chips in a concrete or brick wall are sealed with it.
3. Putty is applied gradually, evenly distributed over the entire surface.
4. A long ruler or rule controls the alignment result.
5. Walls and joints are sanded after the final hardening of the starting and finishing layers.

Video: do-it-yourself wall putty

Many of us at least once in our lives have participated in repair work in your house or apartment. One of the stages of the finishing activity was the puttying of the walls, which helped to obtain a perfectly flat surface of the wall or ceiling.

After that, she was better prepared for painting or wallpapering. As for the material itself, that is, putty, it is represented by a paste of a homogeneous consistency. Sold in powder form, but sometimes you can find ready-made mixtures.

To obtain a thick paste, the powder should only be mixed with water. Not only the plastering of walls and ceilings, but also plasterboard structures is carried out. The mixture can be applied in a layer not exceeding 3-5 mm.

Puttying tool

If there is a need to level the walls or ceilings, then the question immediately arises - how to putty the walls on your own? The first step is to prepare the tool. As a rule, the activity will not be possible if there is not available:

Set of spatulas. It is applied directly to drawing mix on a surface. It is recommended to buy a set of spatulas, where there are tools with different sizes working surface. If the place is narrow and hard to reach, then you will need a narrow spatula for puttying the walls, if the space is not limited in any way, then with a wide steel plate;

Drills. You need not only a drill, but also a special nozzle. You can mix the powder and water on your own, but this will become an extremely long and tedious procedure;

Roller and brushes. Thanks to them, a primer will be applied, which improves the strength of contact with various finishing materials;

level. Allows you to evaluate the quality of the work performed, displaying how smooth the surface turned out to be;

Sandpaper. After applying and drying the next layer, it will need to be cleaned to get rid of the roughness. Cleaned with ordinary sandpaper with a fine abrasive;

Containers for mixing powder and water. Any bucket will do.
The remains of the putty should be washed off the tools after the end of each stage of the activity. And do it immediately before the composition has time to harden. Otherwise, it will be possible to get rid of it only mechanically.

The main classification of putties occurs according to their composition. IN currently On sale you can find the following types of mixture:

Cement. Suitable for interior work in rooms of any purpose and with any level of humidity. Cement putty is not elastic, which indicates the possible appearance of cracks on the surface after it dries;

Gypsum. It is used for decoration in rooms with a normal level of humidity. If it is high, then the finished putty will simply lose its properties and become unusable. With the help of a gypsum mixture, it is possible to putty the walls both at the very beginning and at the finish. It is odorless, easy to apply and completely harmless. Walls are treated with ordinary gypsum putty before painting;

Polymer. Appeared relatively recently, but is already actively used at construction sites. Polymer mixtures are divided into acrylic and latex. The former are inexpensive and use them to apply the starting and finishing layers. The latex mixture is more expensive, but does not shrink and is focused on finishing.

When analyzing the question of how to putty the walls, you should also pay attention to how to choose the putty. Surely, many paid attention to the fact that this building product can be sold in bags and containers.

The packaging should indicate what type it is - basic, waterproof, finishing, universal, facade or intended for finishing joints. In accordance with the volume of upcoming activities, calculate the amount of putty.

The three most popular types of putty mixture among painters

1. Rotband - although it is plaster mixture, great for primary alignment. Practice shows that the minimum layer declared by the manufacturer (Knauf) of 5 mm can be reduced to 2 mm. Easy application with a spatula + excellent adhesive qualities allow you to putty even "problem" surfaces.
2. Vetonit LR+ has been the most popular brand for leveling walls and ceilings for a decade and a half. It is positioned as a finish, but it is better to go through the surface for painting with ready-made compounds with slightly different properties.
3. Sheetrock is a ready-made finishing putty sold in buckets and allows you to achieve a perfectly smooth surface suitable for painting.

Surface preparation for putty

The final result depends on how well the preparation was carried out. To carry out the work you will need:

Sanding paper + holder;
- brush;
- putty knife.

Understanding how to properly putty is not enough to achieve your goal. You also need to be able to thoroughly prepare the surface. The steps for this surface preparation are as follows:

mechanical cleaning. All sorts of debris may be encountered along the way. It should be removed;

Chemical cleaning. Prepare washes and alkaline solutions. Thanks to them, degreasing of the surface will be carried out, as well as the prevention of fungal organisms;

Heat treatment. It is possible that there is scale and rust on the surface. The flame of the burner will help get rid of these defects;

Removal of depressions exceeding 5 mm. You will have to resort to plastering if such defects occur. Otherwise, you will have to putty the surface several times to make it even. Apply immediately thick layer undesirable, as it can quickly crack.

Starting surface putty

It may be necessary to level rough surfaces, that is, those that have potholes, shells, cracks, as well as deviations from the level. There is a starting putty of the walls with your own hands, which consists in applying several layers.

The thickness of each layer should not exceed 10-15 mm. Experts recommend using a fiberglass mesh to increase the strength and reliability of each layer. Starting putty also includes:

Leveling slopes and filling gates;

Aligning door openings and sealing joints between panels, if this is an apartment in a multi-storey building.

While doing starting work outdoors and indoors will require different mixtures.

Lighthouse wall putty

It is easy and simple to understand how to putty walls on lighthouses. Lighthouses are ordinary metal profiles. They are fixed on the wall in a horizontal manner on the mixture. Align the surfaces of the profiles with each other, which will serve as boundaries when applying the putty mixture.

It is possible that more than two profiles are to be installed on the wall and threads should be used for alignment. They are stretched horizontally and vertically.

Please note that the set profiles should not be disturbed for 24 hours. This time is necessary for the mixture to harden. If you neglect this rule, then you can easily bring down the beacons by applying putty.

Applying putty to walls

Do-it-yourself puttying of the walls begins with the preparation of materials and tools. You will need spatulas for puttying - one narrow and the other wide, with which you have to constantly work. The stages of work on applying putty are as follows:

Creation of a solution;

A small amount of the solution will need to be laid out on a shallow pan. They are sold in construction stores and they are comfortable to hold in your hand;

If there are large cracks and crevices, then you will need to reinforce them with a fiberglass mesh, or use a regular medical bandage or gauze. The walls around the gap are smeared with mortar and only after that reinforcing material is applied;

Putty should be applied evenly. Do not try to immediately work with the entire surface, but only with its small sections;

Arm yourself with a long ruler and control the quality of the work performed. It will be possible to evaluate them through the play of shadow and light. Uneven areas will stand out with glare of light and literally catch your eye;

Each subsequent layer is applied only after the previous one has dried thoroughly. The average pause between applying layers is 1 day. The number of layers in each case is individual. One can easily get by with two, if it is new flat in a rented house, while others have to apply at least 5.

Wall putty for wallpaper

It is important to know how to properly putty the walls under the wallpaper, so as not to turn to specialists for this service. As a rule, this activity differs slightly from the usual one. The first step is to apply a mixture of coarse powder with a thickness of 3 mm. It is thanks to him that you can get rid of such defects as:

Large surface drops;
- large and microcracks;
- shells.

This is followed by the application of finishing putty or putty from fine grinding. It is entrusted with the role of making the walls or ceiling perfectly even. To make the corners perfectly even, you will have to get an angular spatula. It is recommended to grind the walls with a special grinder. This will save a lot of time and allow you to get a decent result.

Once the finish coat has hardened and been sanded, you should proceed to applying the primer. On this, the puttying of the walls with your own hands under the wallpaper is over and you can proceed to pasting the surfaces.

How much does wall plastering cost from specialists?

It is possible that it was not possible to understand how to putty the walls with your own hands, or there is no time to do this activity and then it is worthwhile to involve specialists in the work. The cost of puttying is traditionally calculated according to the number of square meters.

But the price may vary according to the type of wall and the number of defects. There are masters who do turnkey work. That is, they plaster surfaces, putty, primer and paste them with wallpaper, or paint them. Turnkey work will be much cheaper.

Video: Puttying the walls with a long spatula

In this video, you can get acquainted with how to putty the walls with a long spatula in detail. The focus is on the main points.

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