Country house from an iron frame. Projects of buildings and houses

Faced with construction country house it becomes clear - monolithic, brick are durable, but construction and operation are expensive. Frame is more accessible, but the tree is short-lived. Technologies with dubious safety for health are not considered - glued, with foam, etc.

How to find a balance between the cost and quality of housing being built? What is the best house? The solution is metal frame houses LSTK (LSTK - Light Steel Thin-Walled Structures).

Metal frame houses are different, we strongly recommend that you use the benefits of scientific achievements in the production of metal frames and use a thermal profile. The thermal profile made it possible to obtain metal frames equal in thermal conductivity wooden frames. Cold bridges are successfully broken by applying thermal cuts to structural parts. We use efficient, 8-row thermo-cutting of profiles, developed by Finnish specialists. Thermophysical studies have confirmed effective reduction thermal conductivity by cutting metal strips - thermal cutting.

Important: The construction of a metal frame house using a thermal profile does not require the cost of thermal insulation of the frame along the facades and roof!

Projects of metal frame houses on our website differ from similar collections on other resources - they are designed by our own design department and built. Many projects of metal frame houses have been implemented repeatedly.

How metal frame houses are built is shown in the gallery of completed works LSTC photo. Metal frame houses receive positive reviews owners, video.

Stove-fireplace in the living room - and heater, And stylish decoration interior

Numerous cuts in the walls of the thermal profile lengthen the path of the heat flow, reducing its thermal conductivity

Seasonal fluctuations in humidity in houses made of different materials

Section of a metal frame wall

Plywood formwork is used for the construction of a shallow foundation, cast on metal frame

Before the start of work on the construction of the foundation, sewer pipes, water pipes and cables are introduced into the house

Within the perimeter of the foundation, soil is filled and compacted, a waterproofing layer is laid, reinforcement is knitted, and the foundation slab of the future house is cast.

The base plate of the house is the place for assembling the frame of panels from pre-cut and factory-marked profiles The panels are assembled with a screwdriver, using steel diagonal ties and self-drilling screws.

Installed at an angle to each other and connected by floor beams, the panels form a rigid structure




Floor beams are made of C- and Z-profiles 2-3 mm thick and 150-300 mm high. The span up to 4.2 m is covered with C-beams 200/2.0 mm. They are attached to bearing element panels. The technology allows you to simultaneously install walls, floor beams, install trusses, prepare for roofing work


After installing the rafters, preparations begin for roofing work. The rafters overlap waterproofing membrane Tyvek. On top of it, a ventilated crate made of a U-shaped profile is arranged for fastening sheets of metal tiles. From within" roofing cake"The attic is insulated with mineral wool boards, vapor-proofed and hemmed with plasterboard sheets in two layers. Sheets are fastened with screws

Laying of metal tiles produced by "TALDOM PROFIL" is carried out according to the instructions Pipes of water supply, sewerage and ventilation are enclosed in vertical risers. At a minimum distance from the risers are the kitchen and bathrooms.

The subsequent board covers the heads of the screws. The result is an imitation of a log wall. The space between the frame and the cladding is ventilated

Sheathing of the wall with a board-blockhouse is made from the bottom up. The board at the top of the edge is attached to the vertical metal guide screws.

The use of mineral wool insulation "Nobasil" in the walls and in ceilings allows you to arrange a kind of "thermos" from the enclosing structures



Thermal insulation is laid in two layers, with the layers offset relative to each other (a). The ends of mineral wool boards are tightly pressed into the grooves of the racks made of thermal profiles (b) The laying of mineral wool insulation in the roof structure is carried out after it is covered membrane Tyvek

The ceilings and walls of the premises of the house are hemmed with two layers of standard 13 mm plasterboard sheets. To increase the fire resistance of the walls, GKLO refractory sheets 15 mm thick are also used. The heads of the screws and the joints between the sheets are puttied, the surfaces are sanded and prepared for painting or wallpapering. Across plasterboard walls electric wires lead to lamps and mounting boxes sockets




Prepared surfaces of walls and ceilings are painted acrylic paints, the floors are finished with massive pine board, laminate, covered with soft floor material. At the final stage of finishing, door leafs are hung, lamps, switches, sockets are mounted on ceilings and walls. After that, interior design specialists get down to business. The boiler room of the house is equipped with a 25 kW boiler and a boiler indirect heating 200 liters, which is quite enough for a house of this area. The equipment is mounted ergonomically and neatly Ground floor plan Second floor plan

Metal as an alternative to wood and stone? Strong, durable, quickly built and affordable houses can be built using the technology of assembling buildings from light steel thin-walled structures (LSTC).

Everyone agrees that a house should be strong, durable, built quickly and at the same time cost relatively inexpensively. In most cases, disputes begin over the choice building materials. What is more technologically advanced, stronger, warmer - wood, brick, concrete, materials based on polymers? Which of them are considered environmentally friendly, and which are not? Until recently, metal as a material for erecting the frame of the walls of individual residential buildings was not the subject of serious discussion. Well, it was once thought impossible to build walls and roofs warm houses from glass. With the development of technology for energy-efficient translucent structures based on aluminum profile warm winter gardens, greenhouses, pools with extensive glazing today are being built even beyond the Arctic Circle. Design engineers have found a way to reduce the thermal conductivity of metal profiles to the level of wooden moldings. To do this, air cavities and plastic thermal inserts were laid inside the extruded aluminum profile, which prevent the rapid spread of cold.

As for ordinary steel, we previously described wooden bath, which is enclosed in a glazed pyramid welded from rolled metal ( square pipe, channels, etc.). The peculiarity of the operation of this structure lies not only in the rapid cooling of the metal, but also in the formation of condensate in winter. To remove it, an expensive ventilation system is provided in the pyramid, which allows the vapors to be removed outside the room in order to avoid metal corrosion.

The kitchen is furnished extremely minimalistically and functionally. Nevertheless, it has everything for cooking a full meal, washing and drying dishes. Equipment and finishing of bathrooms meet the requirements of people accustomed to modern comfort and high living standards. After finishing and furnishing, the living room acquired a very cozy look. Behind cream curtains it's so nice to spend another evening in the company of friends

How to build an easy and strong frame a residential building made of metal and try to avoid corrosion, the formation of cold bridges and condensation? The answer to this question was found back in the fifties of the last century by the Swedes. With the advent of high-quality insulation, insulating and vapor-permeable protective materials, they developed the concept of building metal frame dwellings. Today, outside of our country, it is known as the technology of building from light steel thin-walled structures. A galvanized thin-walled profile is used as a frame, similar to the one used for mounting drywall sheets, only with a larger section and with special perforation (it was called a thermal profile). The gaps between the racks of the frame are filled mineral insulation or fiberglass. According to research, holes in the profile walls significantly reduce heat loss through the walls of the building due to the lengthening of the heat flow path and the peculiarities of the edge properties of the slots, which have a complex shape. In addition, the thickness of the profile material affects the thermal conductivity. The thinner the steel, the less heat loss (but the lower the bearing load). They become comparable to losses in buildings with a wooden frame.

Heat transfer resistance (R pr) of the walls of buildings with wooden and steel frames

"But what about the problem of" dew point? "- the interested reader will ask. - After all, when the temperature drops, moisture will still appear." Indeed, the "dew point" takes place in the wall structure of any house. But it is important where it is and how water vapor is removed. In metal-frame houses, the "dew point" is located inside the wall of the building, and the problem of condensation can be solved only with a well-designed panel ventilation system. Firstly, they are protected from moisture coming from inside the house. vapor barrier film. Secondly, the frame filled with insulation from the outside is wrapped with vapor-permeable windproofing (Tyvek, Yutafol-D and the like), which freely releases the moisture contained in the panels to the outside, but protects the insulation from weathering and getting wet. Thirdly, a ventilated gap is additionally made between the film and the outer cladding, in which conditions are created for the occurrence air draft. The air flow quickly removes water vapor.

Another problem that cannot but worry people who know physics is high electrical conductivity. metal structures. But a lightning strike or accidental breakdown is dangerous if the metal conductors are poorly grounded. If, however, preventive measures are taken to avoid the occurrence of a potential difference in various parts metal structures, there is nothing to fear. It helps to make life in a metal frame house safe correct device potential equalization systems. The latter becomes effective protection- when a potential difference occurs in various parts of the electrical installation.

How does such a system work? All potential conductors of electricity in the house, including the metal frame, are connected to a common circuit and grounded at several points. When a lightning strikes a building, the electrical discharge goes into the ground without harming the equipment and people. In addition, finishing the house inside and out with non-conductive electricity materials eliminates direct contact with the frame metal. It is recommended to use cables with double insulation for wiring to lamps and sockets. To improve the electrical safety of a metal frame house and to protect the equipment located in it, it is customary to install surge arresters, circuit breakers and selective RCDs in switchboards.

Installation of wall panels in a vertical position and their connection is carried out by two workers without the use of lifting mechanisms. Panels are temporarily fixed to concrete base length-adjustable straps

Rafter legs have a C-, U- or Z-shaped section. They are placed in increments of 1.2 m and always rely on carriers. vertical racks walls. Farms are manufactured in the factory, delivered to the construction site disassembled and assembled on site

Electrical wiring in a metal frame building is laid in the ceilings, bearing walls oh and floors. All wires, cables and electrical installation items are enclosed in PVC sleeves, boxes and shields. It is not recommended to run wiring outer walls At home in interior partitions

Features of assembling houses from a metal profile

There are three main ways to assemble houses using light steel thin-walled structures.

Method 1. Assembly at the construction site. Building elements are delivered to the site in the form of pre-cut and marked profiles. On a pre-leveled surface, a team of builders, using a screwdriver and self-drilling screws, makes an enlarged assembly of the frames of walls, trusses, partitions, etc. After such an assembly, the structures are fed to the installation site manually (without a crane), fixed on the foundation in the design position, insulated with mineral wool boards (or others effective heaters) and are sewn up from the inside with drywall sheets, and from the outside - either with a blockhouse board or other finishing material. The mass of each element does not exceed 90-100 kg. Windows and doors are delivered to the construction site separately and are built into the wall panels.

Method 2. "Mini-factory" at the construction site. Building elements are delivered to the construction site in the form of pre-cut and marked profiles. Here, a kind of workshop is organized, equipped for the "enlarged" assembly of already insulated panels and other elements. As a rule, it is a light canopy, under which workplaces are created with equipment for connecting profiles, cutting mini-slabs, drywall, wood. One team of workers performs an enlarged assembly of elements, insulates the panels, sews drywall to them from the inside, and the second team delivers the assembled panels to the installation site, lifts them with a lifting mechanism and fixes them in the design position. After installing the wall panels, windows and doors are built into them. The weight of the elements increases, but the installation time is reduced.

Method 3. Full factory readiness of panels. All cut and marked profiles are assembled into the construction of walls, trusses, etc. at the factory, in warm conditions, using automatic tools. There in Wall panels windows and doors are installed, electrical cables are laid, and low-voltage equipment is also wired. The panels are insulated, drywall sheets are attached to them from the inside. Outside walls can be decorated facing panels, siding, blockhouse board or other elements facade systems. At the construction site, with the help of a crane, all parts of the structure are installed in the design position, fixed on the foundation and connected to each other. Installation of buildings with this method is very fast, and the quality of assembly of panels is guaranteed by the work of the technical control department.

Who today builds and offers low-rise buildings from light steel thin-walled structures in Russia? The pioneer is the company "TALDOM PROFIL", the technology of which allows the construction of residential and office buildings based on a frame made of light steel thin-walled profiles under the Staldom brand. It was developed jointly with the Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings and TsNIIPSK them. Melnikov. Until the moment when Russia appeared own production LSTK components, their supply to our country was carried out by the Swedish industrial group LINDAB. Its products still hold a strong position in the Russian market. High-tech equipment for the production of thin-walled steel profiles is supplied to Sweden by the Finnish company SAMESOR. Russian manufacturers profiles also did not disregard this area of ​​the construction industry. Today they produce similar products on Finnish and domestic equipment. To complete the picture, let's name other manufacturers of LSTC components: RANNILA (Finland), HWA KYONG (Korea), EXERGIA, LASAR, BALTPROFIL, INSI, PROFILE PLANT (Russia).

Main properties of light steel thin-walled structures

The initial components of LSTC are metal profiles, having a section in the form of the letters C, U, S and Z and made of hot-dip galvanized steel with a thickness of 0.7 to 2 mm. As we noted above, the highlight load-bearing structures The walls are considered to be a thermal profile, in the walls of which numerous through grooves are cut in a checkerboard pattern. Because of this, the path of the heat flow along the bridges between the grooves increases sharply, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow decreases. As a result, the amount of heat lost is significantly reduced. Unfortunately, in this case, the strength parameters of the profile are weakened (including bending resistance, twisting and longitudinal stability). Therefore, to ensure the rigidity of the building frame, its design must be carefully considered and calculated. In this case, specific elements are used, such as panel trusses, floor hard disks, edge beams, attachment points in floor trusses and roofs. thermal profiles are combined with conventional thin-walled profiles with a wall thickness of 1-1.5 mm. Cutting of thermal profiles according to design dimensions is carried out at the factory. Since the galvanic treatment of metal is carried out in a hot way, the coating ensures the creation of a protective layer 20 microns thick with a durability of up to a hundred years. Thermal profiles are connected on the construction site in the structure with special self-drilling screws.

According to a number of indicators, buildings made of LSTK have no analogues. Lighter than buildings from these structures, perhaps thatched huts. So, the mass of 1 m 2 of the LSTK wall without exterior finish averages 53 kg; a truss with a working span of 9 m weighs 70 kg. Due to the lightness of the components, all construction is carried out without the use of lifting equipment. These buildings do not need a foundation 1.5-2 m deep - they stand perfectly on shallow foundations (tapes, monolithic slabs or bored piles). The use of shallow foundations makes it possible to reduce the consumption of concrete by 50-80% and reduce the cost of construction. Due to the lightness of each element, dimensional accuracy, correct marking and thoughtful drawings, a team of three to four people is able to assemble the frame of a house with an area of ​​150-200 m 2 in 2-3 weeks. For the installation of all elements of the building, it is necessary to have only a set cordless screwdrivers. Buildings erected from LSTK can be one- and two-story plus attic floor, have dimensions up to 12 m wide, up to 90 m long, with a height of each floor up to 4.2 m. Buildings made of LSTC are characterized by high seismic resistance and resistance to extreme wind loads.

Thermal protection standards for buildings made of LSTC and data on the required panel thickness

Panel height, m Reduced resistance to heat transfer (R o pr), m 2 C / W, for panels with a thickness, mm
150 200 200+50
Operating conditions (SNiP II-3-79, appendix 2)
BUT B BUT B BUT B
3,3 3,46 3,23 3,88 3,63 5,1 4,77
3,6 3,56 3,32 4 3,73 5,22 4,87
4,2 3,72 3,46 4,17 3,9 5,39 5,04
Note. Values ​​​​of the reduced resistance to heat transfer of panels different heights and thicknesses are determined on the basis of the NIISF study "Conclusion on the thermophysical characteristics of panels" and are given in the table for thermal insulation "Nobasil M" with a density of 75 kg/m 3 .

About the practice of building residential buildings from LSTC

In preparation for the construction of the house, the builders cleared the site, cast a shallow-deep foundation using standard technology, and monolithic slab. It took two weeks. At the same time, materials were delivered to the construction site. Most of the house was assembled according to the method described above 2. In two months, the metal frame of the walls, ceilings and roof was connected, the house was brought under a metal roof, and utilities were installed.

The predominant operation was the assembly of steel frame wall panels. In our case, the assembled wall panel includes: on the outside - plasterboard sheets lined with a blockhouse board, then - a layer of a vapor-permeable membrane (Tyvek membrane material), followed by basalt fiber slabs placed in a metal frame; inside the house - two layers drywall sheets with subsequent finishing (painting, wallpapering). The upper and lower horizontal strapping of the panel frames was made of a steel strip 0.9 mm thick; a thermally insulating gasket made of polyethylene foam 10 mm thick was placed under the lower trim. The lower trim of the frame at the corners and at the racks of the frame (with a step of 1200 mm) was attached to concrete foundation anchors. Until the moment of rigid connection of the panels at an angle to each other, they were fixed in vertical position with belt braces.


The finally exposed wall panels are covered on the outside with a Tyvek membrane, which acts as an external waterproofing and wind protection. At the same time, installation of trusses and ceilings is underway

Structures with openings are designed for the installation of window and door blocks in them without expansion gaps characteristic of wooden structures.

A corrugated board is laid on the floor beams, on top of which a clean floor is arranged. From below, a crate made of a metal profile is hemmed on them.

As thermal insulation material for wall panels and ceilings used non-combustible mineral wool boards from Paroc UNS37 basalt fiber with a density of 37 kg/m 3 . Plate sizes: length - 1000, 1500 and 2000 mm, width - 610 mm, thickness - from 50 to 100 mm. To simplify the laying of thermal insulation in the frame profiles and to provide the possibility of linking the layers, the plates were laid in two layers: with a panel thickness of 150 mm - 50 + 100 mm, with a thickness of 200 mm - 100 + 100 mm. Along the vertical edges of the slabs, at a distance of 40 (46) mm from the edge, cuts 15 mm deep were made to ensure a snug fit of the slabs to the flanges of the rack profile when they were laid in the frame.

From the inside, the wall panels were sheathed with plasterboard sheets of group A (9.5 mm thick) Russian production("Knauf"). For the first layer of a two-layer inner cladding - an ordinary sheet with a straight edge (GKL-A-PK), for the second layer (outdoors) - an ordinary sheet with a thinner front edge (GKL-A-UK). For the outer skin, one layer of a moisture-resistant GKLV sheet with a straight edge (GKLV-A-PK) was used. The main length of the sheets for reasons of ease of transportation and installation is 2500 mm.

A 0.13 mm thick Tyvek membrane was placed between the outer skins and the frame as a windbreak. The adjacent panels of the membrane were joined with an overlap (200 mm), with the ends running along all four edges of the panel. For a reliable connection with the insulation of the floor, ceiling and in the corners, the joints of the film were fixed with adhesive tape. Drywall sheets were attached to the metal frame with piercing or self-drilling screws with a diameter of 4.2 or 4.8 mm with countersunk head"KNAUF"; screw pitch - 200 mm. With double sheathing, the sheets of the second layer were placed apart - with a vertical seam offset by half a sheet, that is, by 600 mm. Horizontal joints also arranged scatter.

Floors made of gypsum-fiber sheets were mounted in accordance with the instructions of SP 55-102-2001 "Constructions using gypsum-fiber sheets". On top of the C-beams (250 2 mm) placed on the foundation slab and fastened to each other with self-drilling screws, a profiled steel deck was placed, which serves as the basis for laying the floors. The flooring was attached to the side beams and floor beams self-tapping screws. According to the technology, the base of the floor is formed by two layers of moisture-resistant gypsum-fiber sheets (GVLV). They were fixed with self-cutting screws. A laminate was laid over the base on a noise-absorbing substrate made of 3 mm polyethylene foam. hydro and thermal insulation of the floor of the first floor (hydroglass and mineral wool boards) was laid directly on the foundation slab.

The attic floor beams were made of thin-walled steel profiles, on which the attic floor was mounted. from below, a ceiling was hemmed to them, which is the following design. Fastened to the beams with clamps metal crate from a profile having a section in the shape of a hat. A ceiling of two layers of gypsum plasterboards and a layer of mineral wool sound insulation, laid in the cavity of the interfloor ceiling, is hemmed to it. The described design of floors, according to the conclusion of the Research Institute of Building Physics, provides the value of the airborne sound insulation index R W = 52-53 dB, which corresponds to the standards.


Finishing the facade with a blockhouse board is one of the options. Along with wood, facades can be clad vinyl siding, metal panels, profiled sheets, bricks, plastered

To protect against wind, moisture and birds, the eaves are sewn up with boards. Along eaves overhang mounted on both sides of the roof metal system weir with a protective coating made of polyester produced by "TALDOM PROFIL"

The window openings of a house lined with a board-blockhouse are ready for the installation of windows of any type: wooden, plastic, metal. This house has wooden windows.

The load-bearing structures of the roof were assembled from roof trusses and beams made of thin-walled galvanized profiles. Their use allows you to create truss systems with a span of 6 to 12 m and, as a result, reduce the weight of the house as a whole.

Installation wooden windows and hinged doors were carried out according to the standard technologies of their manufacturers. Since the metal frame building is not subject to shrinkage, no expansion gaps were left above the window and door frames. Window and door frames fixed in the openings with screws, the gaps were foamed. After the completion of the facade cladding, the windows were decorated wooden architraves, under them installed ebbs for water.

Mounting engineering systems in a metal frame house practically did not differ from similar works in panel buildings other design. Nevertheless, I had to reckon with the abundance of metal structures. So, the engineers tried to avoid laying electrical wiring along the outer walls, in the cavities of double frames and in interior partitions. Electrical cables pulled in the cavities of load-bearing walls and ceilings. The risers of water and sewer pipes were placed in a special well. piping to radiators and plumbing fixtures carried out open way, along the walls. Underfloor heating was used to heat the bathroom. Nevertheless, the system of water heating with radiators connected to gas boiler VAILLANT (Germany). For ventilation of the kitchen and bathrooms, a separate ventilation manifold was assembled with forced air removal using kitchen hood and electric fans.

How and in what style to equip the interiors of metal frame houses? There are no restrictions in this matter. In metal frame walls, both classic and modern design. Fans of a sporty lifestyle, the owners of houses in Sorochany have chosen dynamic modern interiors, which can be easily changed depending on the mood and circumstances. Living conditions in the village meet European standards, the inhabitants of the houses are satisfied with them. Here you can not only fully relax, but also work productively. Even now Sorochany is permanently inhabited by those who like not only winter views sports, but also the opportunity to spend time outside the city with the whole family throughout the year.

Enlarged calculation of the cost of work and materials for the construction of a house with a total area of ​​270 m 2

Name of works Unit rev. Qty Price, $ Cost, $
FOUNDATION WORKS
Carrying out axes, planning, excavation m 3 43 18 774
Device strip foundations, monolithic reinforced concrete slab m 3 67 60 4020
TOTAL 4800
Heavy concrete m 3 67 62 4154
Granite crushed stone, sand m 3 49 28 1372
TOTAL 5530
WALLS, PARTITIONS
Assembling the frame of external and internal load-bearing walls m 2 380 20 7600
Device frame partitions with sheathing m 2 110 14 1540
Floor frame assembly m 2 140 18 2520
TOTAL 11 660
Applied materials by section
Guides, racks, beams, docking elements m 2 630 - 14150
Profiled sheet, lathing (KLS), additional elements, gaskets, slats m 2 320 16 5120
Plasterboard sheet m 2 1440 2,4 3456
insulation m 3 72 50 3600
Vapor, wind and waterproof films m 2 760 1,5 1140
TOTAL 27 470
ROOF DEVICE
Mounting truss system m 2 320 16 5120
Device metal coating m 2 320 12 3840
TOTAL 8960
Applied materials by section
Guide thermal profiles, lathing, docking elements, rafter legs, farms m 2 320 29 9280
Metal tile, additional elements m 2 320 11 3520
TOTAL 12 800
TOTAL cost of work 25 400
TOTAL cost of materials 45 800
TOTAL 71 200

The editors would like to thank the company "TALDOM PROFIL" for their help in preparing the material.

To your future home met your expectations, first you need to “build” it on paper. But we will not repeat the common truths about what is design? this milestone construction. Instead, we want to draw your attention to the advantages of ordering a house project (cottage, household, commercial and industrial facilities) in Astekhome.

Individual approach

As part of the affordable housing program, we offer standard and individual projects of LSTK houses. At the same time, the first option does not limit the customer during construction. Despite the fact that the development is carried out using already prepared parameters, it is always possible to customize it for yourself, that is, change individual characteristics; layout, room sizes, location of plumbing fixtures, etc. Finished projects LSTK houses can be considered as a basis, which can be adjusted according to the preferences and capabilities of the customer.

We work quickly!

Having studied all the features of the design of objects from LSTK and perfectly mastered the technology of construction of prefabricated residential, commercial and industrial buildings and structures, Astechhome specialists will develop for you individual project home as quickly as possible. We guarantee high professional level and short deadlines.

Availability

You can implement the projects of houses from LSTK developed by us, even if you are not a builder! We will provide you with a detailed project, which even the one who builds for the first time will be able to understand and build a house. When ordering LSTK, you will receive a ready-made house kit, cut and marked at the factory and equipped with all the necessary building and finishing materials.

  • We distribute projects of houses from LSTK as a gift!

Each client who ordered an LSTK profile from us is given a house project as a gift! This will reduce both financial and time costs for construction.

Call us. AND own house you will have it in 2 months!