We heat the house without gas and firewood. Solid fuel boilers are an advanced version of a traditional stove. Heat without heating

Homeowners who have several various kinds energy carriers, it is very convenient to choose the right equipment for heating your home. But what about those people who have no choice at all? No nearby natural gas, and the limit on electricity is so small that it is not possible to use it as an energy carrier for heating a house? In this case, there are several options, which our article is designed to consider. These options will also be useful to those homeowners who want to arrange economical heating of a private house without gas and electricity.

What energy sources are available?

By default, we immediately exclude from the list the two main energy carriers: electricity and natural gas. Then we have at our disposal:

• various biomass: wood, coal, straw, sawdust and so on;
• imported hydrocarbon fuel: liquefied gas in cylinders or diesel fuel;
• alternative energy sources.

The latter include installations capable of extracting the heat contained in air, earth or water. But the most affordable ways to heat a house without traditional energy resources are still burning biomass to heat water or air. The situation is more complicated with liquefied gas or diesel fuel, their initial cost is quite high, and together with the delivery it will be completely sky-high. Again, for high-quality combustion of diesel fuel, electricity is needed.

Alternative heating for a private house, which has just begun to develop, is still considered very expensive and not available to everyone. But behind him is the future, because in terms of efficiency, such heating has no equal. If you do not take into account various exotic energy sources, then the choice will have to be made from two options:

• inexpensive and accessible but troublesome biomass combustion;
• expensive, but economical and comfortable sources of alternative energy.

Diesel fuel and propane should be excluded from the list, these sources are not suitable for anyone. To effectively burn diesel fuel, you need electricity, which means a solar battery. Propane consumption even for small house will be so large that you will quickly get tired of changing and bringing new cylinders. As a result, heating costs will still be unacceptable.

Non-volatile heating on wood and coal

It's no secret that there are a number of devices that allow you to get heat from wood and coal without connecting to the mains. Here they are:

• brick ovens;
• metal ovens;
• solid fuel boilers.

For reference. Fireplaces also successfully burn firewood, but it can only be a stretch to attribute them to home heating means. Rather, these are interior elements that create comfort and coziness, but there is little heat from them, except perhaps in one room.

Heating stoves

A well-chosen and well-built brick oven can provide good heating houses without gas. By placing it in the center of the building so that at least one wall of the furnace goes into each adjacent room, you can get an excellent source of heat without the use of water systems. If the layout of the house does not allow for brick oven so successfully, a water coil is built into its firebox. He will be able to supply heat to radiators in 2-3 small rooms.

Various metal stoves will also help to heat the house without gas. This option will cost significantly less than the construction of a capital brick structure that requires a foundation. Putting up a modern steel or cast iron potbelly stove is easier, and it looks great, especially with built-in fireproof glass. Some models are equipped with coils for heating water, which are connected to a small heating network.

Solid fuel boilers

The optimal autonomous heating of a country house without gas and electricity is the installation of a solid fuel boiler. The simplest models of units are produced in a non-volatile version, where the combustion air flow is controlled by mechanical thermostat with chain drive. But in this case, you need to follow a number of recommendations:

• it is necessary to ensure good natural draft of the chimney;
• when installing the boiler, it must be ensured that the branch pipe for connecting the return line is not higher than the level of the incoming pipe. If necessary, the unit is placed in a small pit;
• the heating system must be gravitational (gravitational) and communicate with the atmosphere through an open expansion tank, located at the highest point;
• in order for autonomous heating with a solid fuel heat generator to function reliably and trouble-free, it is necessary to correctly calculate and select all pipe diameters, observe all slopes. At the same time, try not to make too long dead-end branches;
• the boiler must be equipped with a safety group.

Important! In gravity networks, the coolant moves slowly, a wood-burning heating unit is more prone to boiling than in pump systems. That is why it is so important to withstand all the calculated parameters. It is strongly recommended to use in the circuit a tank - a heat accumulator of sufficient capacity.

Having considered all types of heating using biomass, it can be noted that in terms of efficiency, a solid fuel boiler will confidently take first place, its efficiency reaches 75%, while the best furnace will give no more than 60-65%. The option with a boiler and a gravity circuit is applicable even in two-story houses, where heating will work no worse than a full-fledged system. It will only require more of your time and attention.

Renewable thermal energy sources

Before starting to consider alternative options heating a country house without gas, we will make a reservation that, unlike stoves and solid fuel boilers, none of the high-tech installations can work without electricity. As you review, you will understand why. Hence the conclusion: you need to start with the generation of electricity.

There are 2 ways to do this: wind generators electricity and solar panels. Wind power plant - perfect solution but not cheap. One of the solutions to the problem is to purchase a large windmill together, for several houses at once. More affordable way- buy a solar battery and batteries for the dark time of the day. For joint work with sources direct current, which are solar generators, special circulation pumps are commercially available. When there is electricity, let's go directly to the devices that can provide heating without gas and electricity:

• solar collectors;
• heat pumps.

Solar collectors

Without going into structural details, a solar collector is a device consisting of many interconnected tubes through which water flows. Its heating occurs directly from the infrared radiation of the sun, after which the water is used for heating or for heating. DHW needs. But in order for the heating system to work without gas, the coolant must be moved through it using a pump, and it needs electricity.

There are only two drawbacks to the device, but both are significant. The collector cannot work at night, and is not able to accumulate much heat. The most powerful models have a storage capacity of 200-300 liters, which is enough for hot water supply, but not enough for heating. Because of this, you need to install a lot of devices or use this heat source as an auxiliary one, which makes it possible to save energy.

Heat pumps

The top of efficiency and environmental friendliness is a heat pump. The principle of its operation is the same as that of an air conditioner. The unit does not produce heat, it extracts it in one place and moves it to another - to your house. Theoretically, any substance whose temperature is higher absolute zero, has thermal energy. Heat pumps can take it from the air, earth, ground and surface water. To extract and transfer 10 kW of heat to the house, the unit consumes about 3 kW of electricity, traditional sources are very far from such indicators.

At the same time, these 3 kW of electricity need to be taken from somewhere. If solar panels are used for this purpose or wind farm, then the considerable price of generators will be added to the significant cost of the pump. That is, it makes sense to install a heat pump in an electrified house. Now it is clear why these technologies are still inaccessible to a wide range of users.

So, if there is no gas, then you can heat the house with wood or coal. In such a situation, the first place is clearly occupied by a solid fuel boiler, followed by wood stoves. A high-tech heat pump is not in such demand because of its high cost.

Eco-friendly homestead: Individual home heating is more economical than centralized heating. You feel like a real master in the house, you can set the desired temperature level, determine the beginning and end heating season.

Many families prefer to live in a private house, as in it, in comparison with a city apartment, you can create more comfortable living conditions. To a greater extent, this applies to the heating of a private country house.

Individual heating of the house is more economical than centralized heating. You feel like a real master in the house, you can set the desired temperature level, determine the beginning and end of the heating season. Naturally, this can be said in the case when an effective and functional solution. If you only choose what the heating of a private house should be, then this article will introduce you to the various types of heating a country house without gas.

Gas is the most suitable and common fuel for country houses. According to statistics, of all boilers operated in Russia, about 50% run on gas, 30% on diesel fuel, about 10% on electricity and about 5% on solid fuel.

As we can see, gas boilers are far ahead of the competition. But, I must say, this option is not always and not always possible. For many country houses, gas is still an unrealistically distant dream. In such cases, people are forced to consider alternative ways to heat their home. How to organize heating of a country house without gas and what type of fuel should be preferred? Let's try to figure it out.

Classic oven heating

In certain cases, the oven is the only possible way organize heat in the house

Stove heating is considered the oldest. Stove heating is still often used in suburban buildings. Do not think that this method is outdated. The absence of gas in some regions makes this type of heating still very popular and in demand. Combined stoves remain in fashion, allowing you to both heat the room and cook food. Among the advantages of this option can be noted savings in installation, operation, and fuel, multifunctionality. With all this, the furnaces need to be heated several times a day, they require constant maintenance. In addition, the risk of fire is high, the stoves are quite large and take up a lot of space. The room in which the stove is located is always polluted with soot and coal, and will also require constant cleaning and cleaning. regular care. There is a high risk of carbon monoxide poisoning if the furnace is not used correctly.

Liquid fuel systems

To extend the life of a liquid fuel boiler, it is recommended to install a filter on the pipeline fine cleaning. Otherwise, the nozzles will quickly become clogged, which will significantly reduce the efficiency of the boiler.

Most important type heating a country house without gas - liquid fuel systems. Liquid fuel systems operate mainly on diesel fuel. You can also use kerosene and rapeseed oil. The main advantage - high efficiency, which makes it possible to warm up very large rooms. Nevertheless, such systems have many disadvantages: fire hazard, difficulties with fuel storage and a rather high price.

On top of that, diesel fuel has a stable bad smell, its fumes are harmful. And, if a gas boiler can be placed in the kitchen, hallway or combine a furnace with a laundry room, then an isolated room will have to be allocated for a liquid fuel boiler. It is allowed to store only a small supply of fuel in it, the main tank should be located outside the house.

Heating a country house with electricity

electric boiler

Modern electric boiler for heating a country house. Such a boiler has many operating parameters, a very important of which is its power. The required power is determined individually, first of all, it depends on the area to be heated, the material of the walls, the quality of the thermal insulation of the house

The next type of heating a country house without gas: heating with electricity is the simplest, safest and cleanest way to organize heating. When using an electric heater, its efficiency approaches 100%.
A water electric boiler is simple in design, relatively inexpensive, there is no need for a chimney, ventilation, or a separate room.

Heated electric floors

IMPORTANT! If warm electric floors serve as the main source of heat in the room, then the power of such floors is 150-180 W per square meter. With this type of heating, the heated floor area must be at least 70% of total area premises.

Warm electric floors subject to insulation standards interfloor overlap even more profitable than the electric-water option:

There are no intermediate heat losses;
- building structures are heated directly;
- there is no bulky boiler equipment;
- minimal space occupied by communications;
- optimum distribution of heat;
- the system is practically maintenance-free;
- the cost is often lower than that of water systems.

An electric heating cable or film is both a heat generator and a heating device.

Electric convectors are even cheaper, but they dry the air and pick up fine dust, overheating it. Convectors - practical and affordable option for giving with periodic heating, but in a residential building of permanent residence, it is not worth using them as the main system. However, in new generation devices with ceramic heaters the shortcomings inherent in convectors are almost eliminated.

Heating with electricity has many advantages and only one drawback, but decisive: the high cost of electricity.

Heat pump

The essence of the principle of operation of a heat pump is not in production, but in the transfer of heat. This allows you to get a high coefficient (from 3 to 5) of thermal energy conversion - each used 1 kW of electricity will “transfer” 3-5 kW of heat to the house

A heat pump makes electricity less expensive. The scheme of its work can be compared with the refrigerator compartment. The heat pump device is based on the refrigeration cycle, the difference is only in the freon used and the control system. The heat pump makes it possible to use free natural heat from the depths of the earth mass, where the ground temperature is constant throughout the year. One of the advantages is the guarantee that the pipeline will not freeze even under the most extreme conditions. low temperatures. The design includes an electrical compensator that generates maximum energy at minimal cost electricity, spending one kilowatt to drive the pump, you can get up to six.

Disadvantages: The cost of the system is quite high, The option is doubtful from a financial point of view. The payback period of the equipment is too high.

solid fuel

Solid fuel boilers - great opportunity quickly, efficiently and inexpensively heat any country house

Solid fuels: firewood, wood waste, stone and brown coal, coke, peat, pellets play significant role in the organization of heating a country house without gas. The technology of obtaining heat from the combustion of solid fuels has stepped far ahead in comparison with the traditional stove and fireplace. Boilers appeared long burning and pyrolysis, which have a fairly high efficiency (about 80%) and do not require such frequent loading. Solid fuel is the cheapest type of heating if the house is located in an area rich in these resources. But solid fuel boilers have significant disadvantages:
The impossibility of full automation of the process, the need for periodic (from 2 to 40 hours depending on the type of equipment) loading of fuel manually. The problem is partially eliminated by the use of wood pellets, since they are loaded into a hopper of a significant capacity and subsequently fed into the furnace automatically. However, the use of pellets is only advisable if the workshop for their production is located nearby. Pellets have a low specific gravity and their delivery over long distances is unprofitable. There are also such nuances: the quality of Russian pellets can be low, and their prices can be too high.

Pellet boiler. The minimum set of equipment for an automated country house boiler house operating on wood pellets includes a boiler equipped with a pellet burner and a bunker

In a separate group of equipment can be identified so-called "universal", multi-fuel boilers. The idea is to use one heating unit for all possible types fuel is not new, but, alas, it has not found a worthy embodiment today. The fact is that for the best combustion of fuel and the most complete selection of heat, the universal design of the fuel chamber has not been invented, the combustion processes are too different.
The only exception is gas and liquid fuel, and even then not one hundred percent. Therefore, multi-fuel boilers are, in fact, solid fuel, where additional gas and liquid fuel burners are built. The efficiency of such boilers when operating on "spare" fuel leaves much to be desired.

Liquefied gas

Liquefied gas is transported and stored in cylinders or in gas tanks specially designed for this purpose.

In order to heat a country house, you can purchase cylinders with liquefied gas. Its basis is propane-butane composition. Heating a country house with liquefied gas is much more expensive than natural gas, but often cheaper than diesel fuel and electricity. The cost is reduced if a large capacity storage with appropriate equipment is installed for several houses.

There are no fundamental differences in the design of heat generating equipment for natural and liquefied gas: conventional boilers are used, the only difference is in the adjustment: the pressure in the gas pipeline is lower. In some cases, it will be necessary to replace the jets in the burners, it is inexpensive and the equipment can be quickly returned to its original condition.

A gas tank is a container used to store liquefied gas in large quantities. Such tanks are installed both on the surface of the earth and underground. Most often, for country houses, an underground option for installing a gas tank is chosen in order to save space and money. The depth of its occurrence must necessarily be not lower than the freezing level of the soil.

In countries Western Europe gas tank systems are used quite widely, our liquefied gas delivery service is underdeveloped and not available everywhere.
For small houses, groups of standard liquefied gas cylinders can also be used. True, their capacity is too small to ensure the operation of the boiler for a long time, frequent replacement, taking into account transport costs can make the operation of the system on cylinders more expensive than heating with diesel fuel. For small dacha we can recommend the use of bottled gas with a convector. But only with strict observance of countermeasures fire safety!

Renewable sources. Solar collectors

Solar collectors are by far the most efficient devices that use solar energy.

A promising alternative to heating a country house without gas is solar collectors. These devices allow you to convert solar energy into heat. On sale you can find vacuum and flat models. Collectors are mounted on the roof of the building. Among their advantages can be noted the safety of human health and the environment, ease of operation. Among the minuses: low practicality, because the operation of the equipment is affected by changeable weather, costly installation, the need for constant maintenance.

House insulation

Heat leaks through various building envelopes

Instead of heating the building, you can insulate it well. This is very economical option, the most popular in Europe. Certainly, harsh winters in Russia they complicate the task, but do not make such an option impossible. The main conditions for increased building insulation: thick walls, low-emission glass, the use of heat pumps.

Conclusion

Let's summarize. It is not just possible to organize heating of a country house without gas, but there are an unlimited number of options for this. Each of alternative ways has its pros and cons. The choice of a particular option depends on the needs and capabilities of the person. published

Natural gas is known to be the cheapest heat source in our country. However, not all settlements can boast of gasification. In this article, the reader and I will explore alternative types of heating and evaluate them in terms of operating costs and ease of use of heating.

forehead to forehead

The economy must be economical

Since our goal is to save on heating, let's start with an estimate economic efficiency alternative heat sources. We will compare the cost of a kilowatt-hour of thermal energy obtained in different ways.

Everything is simple and clear: if there is no gas, the cheapest type of fuel is firewood. Other solid fuels lag behind by a small margin. Electric heating is an outsider.

The electric boiler is the source of the most expensive heat.

Sloth was born before me

However, the assessment of a particular heat source does not end with its economic efficiency. It is also important for us how convenient it is to use the appropriate heating system: it should be as autonomous as possible, not requiring constant maintenance.

For this parameter, a completely different sequence emerges:

1. The undisputed leader is heating with electricity. All types of electric heating do not require the attention of the owner, provide unlimited autonomy (the house can be heated indefinitely in the absence of residents) and do not need to remove combustion products;
2. Honorable second place in absence gas equipment goes to the diesel boiler. He, too, is able to work without maintenance until the fuel runs out. In the shortcomings of heating on diesel fuel, we will write down the accompanying odors, the noise of the burner (a diesel boiler requires a separate boiler room) and the need to store several hundred, or even thousands of liters of fuel;

1. The third place is given to the pellet boiler. Bunker for fuel and automatic system its dosed supply provide autonomy up to one week;
2. The gas cylinder will have to be changed and taken to the gas station once a day. By connecting several cylinders in parallel, you can get autonomy of 5-7 days;
3. Firewood and charcoal trail. A solid fuel boiler requires cleaning the ash pan, adding fuel and cleaning the ash pan every few hours.

Summing up the sad results

The results of our comparison are disappointing. The available options for heating a country house without gas make us choose between an empty wallet and sleepless nights spent lighting the boiler.

Is the situation absolutely hopeless?

You lie, you won't take

Guys, this is not the time to panic. A number of solutions will allow them to either reduce operating costs or increase the autonomy of solid fuel heating equipment.

And we have gas in the apartment

Who said that the highway is a prerequisite for the availability of gas?

During my childhood, every yard had a fenced gas tank. An underground tank with liquefied gas supplied the surrounding houses. Such a gas supply scheme is still popular now, but already in the private sector.

Here is a brief excursion into the economy of this enterprise:

• The gas tank itself with a volume of 2700 liters (this is enough to heat a house with an area of ​​150 m2), its installation (including earthworks), gas input into the house, installation of shutoff valves and pressure testing of the gas supply system will cost 185,000 rubles. This solution will ensure the operation of heating equipment with a capacity of up to 15 kW;
• The cost of one liter of gas mixture - from 14 rubles;

It changes according to seasonal demand. Gas is more expensive in winter and cheaper in summer.

• With a correct assessment of the required volume of the gas tank, its refueling is required once a year. Thus, seasonal heating and labor costs gas stove will be 14*2700=37800 rubles;
• The cost of a kilowatt-hour of heat will be approximately 2.3 rubles.

Plus the electrification of the whole country

Yes, electric heating is more expensive than all alternatives. However, there are ways to reduce the overhead.

All on the floor

Film or cable is noticeably more profitable than an electric boiler with heating radiators.

The fact is that the use of the floor as a heating device leads to a redistribution of temperatures in the heated room:

• The maximum temperature is made at the floor level - that is, where heating is most needed;
• The temperature under the ceiling decreases. As a result, heat losses through the ceiling and the top of the walls fall: they are directly proportional to the temperature difference between the house and the street.

Make no mistake, underfloor heating will not turn electric heating into the most economical solution. However, it will reduce your costs by 15-20%.

Golden ray of sunshine

Infrared heating is another solution that will heat your home relatively inexpensively. An IR panel located under the ceiling heats the floor and objects in the lower part of the heated room, thereby turning them into a functional analogue of a warm floor: the room is more heated from below, and not from above.

Not only that: infrared radiation heats not only objects under the device, but also the skin with clothes of the inhabitants of the house. As a result, the subjective assessment of temperature changes: the comfort zone shifts a few degrees down. Reducing the average temperature in the room from 22-24 to 14-16 degrees allows you to reduce heating costs by 25-30%.

Download - do not download

Optimal from the point of view of the balance of convenience and efficiency, heating a country house without gas is heating with a heat pump.

What is a heat pump?

The most illustrative model of this device is conventional refrigerator. Electricity is spent only on the operation of the compressor, which moves thermal energy.

How it works:

1. The compressor compresses the refrigerant, causing a change in its phase state: the gas turns into a liquid. At the same time, in full accordance with the laws of physics, it heats up;
2. Then the refrigerant passes through a heat exchanger, where it gives off excess heat;
3. The expansion valve is next on its way (in other words, a sharp increase in the diameter of the line). When the pressure drops, freon returns to a gaseous state and instantly cools down by several tens of degrees;
4. Passing through another heat exchanger, it removes excess heat from environment;
5. The refrigerant then returns to the compressor. The cycle is repeated.

This scheme has two very attractive properties:

1. It allows heat to be pumped from a colder environment to a warmer one;

There are limitations associated with the lower limit of the temperature of the refrigerant expanding when passing through the expansion valve. The best heat pumps are able to operate at a temperature of a low-grade heat source of about -25C.

Air heat pump Mitsubishi Electric Zubadan. Declared by the manufacturer working temperature- up to -25C.

1. The electricity consumption of the compressor is several times lower than the effective thermal power of the device. Having spent a kilowatt-hour of electricity, it can pump up to 6-7 kilowatt-hours of heat into the house. In practice, the COP of heat pumps (coefficient of performance, thermal power per kilowatt of electric power) is usually in the range of 2.5 - 5.

COP decreases as the temperature delta between the device heat exchangers increases. The more heated the medium from which the pump takes heat, the cheaper the kilowatt-hour of thermal energy will cost.

What can serve as a low-grade heat source?

• Soil below frost level. Depending on local conditions, ground heat exchangers can be vertical (placed in wells tens of meters deep) or horizontal;

Ground-to-water heat pump with horizontal heat exchanger.

• Water (ground or in a non-freezing reservoir). Using ground water two wells are being drilled: the first is used for water extraction, the second is used as a drainage for the waste (heat-releasing) fluid;

A common feature of ground and water heat pumps is the rather high cost of equipment and its installation. Turnkey prices - from 40 to 90 thousand rubles per kilowatt of thermal power.

• In warm regions - air. Along with air-to-water heat pumps, conventional split systems can be used for heating without fuel.

My house is heated in this way.

How efficient and cheap is such heating without gas?

• The house heats up total four inverter, continuously operating in the cold season;

The photo shows an inverter with a capacity of 12,000 BTU, which is responsible for heating a 60 m attic.

• At the time of purchase, each of them cost 20-25 thousand rubles;
• On an area of ​​about 150 square meters the temperature is maintained at 20-22 degrees;
• The lower limit of the outdoor temperature at which this heating system happened to work is -20C. Location - Sevastopol, Crimean peninsula;
• Average electricity consumption in winter months when heating two floors is about 1500 kWh per month. According to the current Sevastopol tariffs, they cost about 5,500 rubles. Electricity is spent not only on heating: an electric stove, a washing machine, lighting, computers, etc. make their contribution.

Dark night

Alas, inexpensive air-to-air and air-to-water heat pumps are unable to operate in most of our country due to low winter temperatures. From keeping working to very coldy ground and water devices, a potential buyer is deterred by their high cost.

Is it possible to make heating in a private house without gas cheaper with the help of direct heating appliances?

Of course. The instructions are pretty self-explanatory.

Keywords - " night rate". If you install a two-zone meter, you can pay at night not 3.8-4 rubles per kilowatt-hour, but 1-2. It is the preferential billing time that is used to heat the coolant to maximum temperature; during the day rate, the boiler is switched off.

Excuse me, but in a day the house will freeze!

Calm, comrades! The situation will be saved by a heat accumulator - a heat-insulated tank with a volume of 200 - 3000 liters.

Such a heating scheme works as follows:

• At night, the coolant in the tank heats up;
• During the day, water circulates between the heat accumulator and heating devices, gradually giving them the accumulated heat.

In areas with a lot of sunny days solar collectors are often used to heat water throughout the year. They are mounted on the roof (flat or pitched), as well as on south side private house. The average daily capacity of collectors is not enough to use them as the only source of heat, but they can significantly reduce heating costs.

Where are the firewood from

In the most remote corners of our country from civilization, there is often not only a lack of main gas, but also periodic power outages. In this case, coal and firewood remain the only source of heat for heating the cottage. As we have already found out, they the main problem- minimum autonomy of heating.

How to heat a house without gas and electricity without spending most of the day at a solid fuel boiler?

Laziness is the engine of progress. Once, a certain lazy but smart engineer thought about how to increase the interval between kindling - and came up with a pyrolysis boiler that requires laying firewood once every 8-10 hours.

How do solid fuel boilers of this type work?

Fuel combustion is divided into two stages:

1. At first, the firewood smolders at limited access air. At the same time, they burn out to the state of the smallest ash, leaving no coals. Due to the lack of oxygen, combustible gases are formed during smoldering - a mixture of volatile hydrocarbons and toxic carbon monoxide CO;
2. Thanks to forced draft, pyrolysis products enter an additional combustion chamber located under the main furnace. In it, air is mixed with superheated volatile hydrocarbons. The afterburning of furnace gases in the chamber under the firebox maintains the temperature necessary for smoldering firewood.

The process of smoldering and afterburning of gases is easy to control by dosing the air supply - with your own hands, with an ordinary damper, or with the help of a primitive mechanical thermostat.

Even greater autonomy is provided by heating the house without gas with a top-burning boiler. This is a kind of pyrolysis boiler, in which the process of smoldering firewood or coal starts from the top and moves down. Smoldering is provided by the supply of air through a movable air duct, which descends as the fuel burns out.

By the way, it is when operating at rated power that classic wood-burning and coal-fired boilers provide maximum efficiency and thus save the owner’s money. The reduction in power due to the restriction of air flow leads to incomplete combustion of the fuel.

Conclusion

As you can see, the absence of a gas pipeline is not a disaster. Alternatives are not always as convenient and cheap as gas, but they do exist. The video in this article will tell you more about how to heat your home. I look forward to your additions in the comments. Good luck, comrades!

How to heat at least a small room or heat / cook food in the absence of such an achievement of civilization as electricity? The review contains advice and instructions from people who have already encountered such an urgent problem.

In a situation where it is cold in the room, the heating does not work and the electric heater is either impossible to turn on, or not like - there is no light, for example - everyone can turn out. And Luhansk residents are already familiar with the ban on the use of electric heaters due to the danger of overloading electric lines, which can lead to a complete disconnection of the city from electricity, which the Lugansk City Council warns about almost daily.

And if in the summer, in the absence of light, the only question is how to cook food, then with the onset of cold weather, the problem of heating the room becomes no less acute.

But, as they say, the need for inventions is cunning. And Luhansk residents are not the only ones who faced the problem of heating the premises in the absence of the elementary benefits of civilization. Below we have collected popular and tried and tested methods of heating a small (!) Room, heating food and improvised heaters from improvised materials.

1. Candle heater

The flame of a candle shines quite nicely, but trying to keep warm with it seems like madness. Meanwhile, just as a light source, a candle is an extremely wasteful device. But as a room heater, it can be useful. Under a number of conditions.

California inventor Doyle Doss and his company DOSS Products offer the original Kandle Heeter system, that is, the Candle Heater.

This strange-looking candlestick, claims its creator, can be indispensable in the event of a power outage. Its height is about 23, and its width is about 18 centimeters.

And out of it appearance the inverted pot above the candle attracts attention. In this pot (and it was a flower pot in the “past life”) the main highlight of the system is hidden.

This pot is not simple, but composite. It is made from three pots different diameter, nested one inside the other and connected by a long metal bolt, on which a whole bunch of washers and nuts are strung (fortunately, there are usually holes in the bottom in pots).

An ordinary candle, burning in a room, gives out very little heat, as it seems. And the point here is that its hot “exhaust” simply goes up and quickly disappears with ventilation.

Meanwhile, the energy reserve in the candle is not so small. Moreover, with the hot flow of combustion products, a large part of its energy content goes away, and only a smaller part passes into light.

The labyrinth cap above the flame collects energy and carefully accumulates it, heating up quite strongly (the central rod is especially hot). And then this heat is slowly transferred to the air by the entire surface of the ceramic radiator.

The pots also help to trap soot from the flames, which is good for keeping the ceiling clean.

The inventor emphasizes that one such device will in no way save you in winter when heating and electricity are turned off, but, on the other hand, it is better than nothing at all.

By the way, clay pots, of course, are not bad, but they have little thermal conductivity and it is better to replace them with a similar metal structure, for example, from cans different sizes or old Soviet cans from under bulk products who else keeps such as a memory :))

2. Mini tea light heater

The author purchased a heater for the tent, operating on tea candles. Several pieces of such heaters save fishermen in tents from freezing. So, a few candles in tin cans with holes for air intake, suitable for a small room or office :)

3. Heater + camp stove for heating food from cans - spirit stove

The design is known abroad under the name alcohol stove, well, or in Russian - a spirit stove. In the Swedish army even adopted.

Alcohol is used because it does not smoke when burned. So the dishes remain clean and soot and smoke do not fly in the air. The design is simple, like 3 kopecks and is repeated in a few minutes from any materials at hand. As a donor for the stove, for example, a beer can, a can of coffee or condensed milk is suitable.

More specifically: you need a small iron container with an iron lid, or you will have to cover it with something.

So: we take a jar, a ruler, a strip of a leaf in a box and a marker or any drawing or scratching object.

1. We mark a strip on the bank stepping back from the top by a third. The easiest way to do this is by scrolling the jar while holding the marker in one position.

2. We wrap a strip of paper around the edge of the mark and fasten it with a piece of adhesive tape or glue.

3. We begin to drill, pierce with an awl or cut holes with a knife along the marked strip. In this case, I made a series of holes with a diameter of 0.8 mm through 10mm and through 5mm - which option is better for you - decide for yourself. You can see how they burn below. A small hole diameter for proper combustion is better than a large one, but you can make 3-5 holes and a centimeter. The uniformity of the holes is a purely aesthetic moment to get a beautiful crown of flame as from a conventional gas stove. All!

Well, not quite of course, now we are learning to kindle it. It is necessary to pour alcohol and close the lid, 50 ml burns for 15 minutes or more. Put on a non-combustible surface and shake lightly so that the alcohol pours a little through the holes on the outside of the jar. We set fire to the alcohol outside and wait until it burns out. We repeat the procedure until we get a self-sustaining flame from improvised nozzles around the jar. Usually it is enough to repeat 2-3 times and everything starts working by itself.

Its principle of operation is simple: the flame heats the walls of the jar, the heat is transferred down the walls to the alcohol, the alcohol boils near the walls and the pressure inside rises, the alcohol vapors come out under pressure through the holes and, mixing with air, burn beautifully. Now we put a pot, a kettle, a mug on top, or we just warm ourselves around the stove - it gives a lot of heat and burns for a long time.

For greater heat transfer, you can put a home-made spirit stove in a large iron container, which would heat up and give off heat:

The smaller the number of holes, the harder it is to kindle, but less fuel consumption and less heat from it. A liter of water boils in less than 10 minutes. Resistant to wind, put out by covering, lay as much fuel as necessary, otherwise you will have to wait for burnout or pour hot alcohol back into the container, which is not safe.

Similar "one-cup" options from a can with a filling hole that closes with a coin and from an aerosol can:

4. Wood burner for heating food

And here they offer a slightly more complex design of a wood-burning burner - from 2-3 cans. True, with this option, you need to remember about ventilation in a tent or room.

5. Heating pads from plastic bottles

This method of warming up an ice bed or warming your feet while sitting at a desk is well known to students living in hostels :))

Ordinary plastic bottles can be filled with hot water and used instead of a heating pad.

Attention! If the temperature of the water is close to boiling, then when filling the bottle, trouble will definitely happen: the bottle will begin to shrink ... The water temperature of 60-70 degrees is optimal.

The experience of employees shows that on slightly flattened bottles, not completely filled with warm / hot water, tightly closed (!) You can even sit :) or carry 1-2 bottles of hot water in a backpack to "warm" your back))

By the way, in the summer of the same bottles you can make a "conditioner".

Freeze a few bottles filled with water, put them on a tray or towel (they will gradually thaw) in front of the fan on. The air temperature in the room will drop significantly.

The most important thing: in an effort to keep warm, do not forget about fire safety rules and be careful!

The use of natural gas is the most economical way heating of a wooden cottage. This fuel, among all other alternatives, is cheap, and boilers on it are extremely easy to operate.

But how to organize the heating of a private house without gas, because not everywhere there are main gas pipelines? What are the alternatives to this fuel? Which option is the most beneficial? You will find the answers in our article.

The most common autonomous home heating system in domestic country houses is water heating. It uses water heated in a boiler or furnace as a heat carrier. After heating, it gives off heat to the premises with the help of batteries and pipes, creating comfortable conditions in them.

Heating systems, depending on the scheme for connecting heating devices, are divided into:

• - with serial connection radiators, according to which the coolant is supplied and removed from the device using one pipe;
• - with supply and return lines and a sequential scheme for connecting devices to pipes, according to which the coolant is supplied to the device by one pipe, and the other is discharged.

Both types of heating systems come with an upper and lower type of wiring. The first option provides for laying the supply pipe above the location of the devices receiving the coolant, the second, respectively, below.

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The location of the pipes relative to the heating devices can be vertical and horizontal, on the basis of which the heating system takes the technical term of the same name.

The first type is used mainly in multi-storey buildings or in one-story cottages with an attic, within which it is possible to install an expansion tank and lay a pipeline to supply the coolant through a separate branch to each device.

A horizontal heating circuit is built in small private buildings. The reason is insufficient performance and length restrictions - the network cannot be longer than 30 linear meters.

Connection of risers to radiators is carried out according to a one-sided or two-sided scheme, i.e. with pipe connection on one or both sides. If in a vertical single-pipe system the batteries are connected on one side, then it is called a reverse circulation circuit. The latter variety is not recommended for systems with steel or cast iron appliances.

Main elements standard system heating in a private country house are: heating boiler, radiators and heating medium supply pipelines (+)

According to the type of water circulation in pipes, heating systems are of two types:

1. - imply gravity flow of the coolant due to the laws of physics.
2. - presupposes circulation pump to create a circulation of the carrier of thermal energy from the boiler to the appliances, and after cooling in the opposite direction.

The first option is simpler than the second in design and installation. But the supply of heat in a natural system is not amenable to automatic regulation, the coolant in it moves through the pipes due to gravity and the difference in densities of cold and heated water. But unlike the forced option, it is non-volatile.

In the event of a power outage, the heating system with natural water circulation will continue to function properly if its main unit is a non-volatile boiler. The pump, which requires power from the outlet, is also not in it.

However, gravitational pressure has its limits. The heating capacity with natural circulation is simply not enough to supply the coolant to the branched circuits.

Sometimes it is not enough to supply heated water with the temperature required for heating at a distance between the radiator and the boiler of 25 m, if the pipeline is made of a material with high hydraulic resistance: steel or cast iron.

If a wooden house has a small area, then a natural system is enough for it. However, a large cottage of two or three floors requires a more powerful version with a pump that will pump hot water to all rooms remote from the boiler on all floors.

In addition to using gas, the coolant can be heated by electricity or by burning other types of fuel. Also, where there is no connection to the gas main, it is often organized using convectors, infrared heaters and heat pumps.

The choice of a particular method of arranging a heating system depends on many factors. The climate of the region of residence, the quality of home insulation, as well as the availability of one or another type of fuel are important here.

Air heating is a good substitute for water heating, but due to the complexity of calculations and design, it is rarely used in our country (+)

Heating circuits with steam and heated air circulating through them are arranged according to identical principles.

Of particular note is the "warm floor" system, which is a network of pipes with a circulating coolant under the floor covering. The main advantage of this option is that as a result of heat from below, the air in the room warms up optimally at the level of human growth, and not somewhere under the ceiling.

An alternative to gas: choosing a water heating boiler

Natural gas is far from the only type of fuel for autonomous heating systems. Boilers also burn solid or liquid fuels as fuel.

It is also possible to use electricity for heating water. Some prefer traditional wood or coal stoves, while others prefer clean electricity. But it is worth remembering that in case of interruptions in the networks, there will be zero sense from electric boilers.

Option #1: Solid Fuel

Solid fuel stoves and their more modern counterparts, boilers, are the oldest and most popular way to heat private homes in areas without gas. It can be both, and modern industrial production with various automation.

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As solid fuels are used:

• firewood;
• straw briquettes;
• peat;
• coal;
• wood pellets.

Such equipment is cheap and easy to operate. Fuel is also not particularly expensive. However, as a result of its combustion, rather large volumes of ash are formed, which must be constantly disposed of. Plus, you have to visually control the operation of such equipment, which takes a lot of time.

Ordinary solid fuel stoves are not very efficient, it is better to take more efficient and economical long-burning pyrolysis boilers

On the one hand, the cheapness of fuel, and on the other - regular cleaning furnaces and chimneys. There is no single decision “for” or “against” here. But in a situation of living near coal deposits or near a forest, the choice in favor of solid fuel boilers or stoves is obvious to many, and often the only possible one.

As an option for a solid fuel unit, you can safely consider a fireplace, although there is a strong opinion about its low efficiency. However, the fireplace correct device it's not only decorative element interior, but good alternative gas boilers. Moreover, it is absolutely non-volatile, which eliminates interruptions in heating in case of any problems on the power grid.

A traditional fireplace implies air heating only of the room where it is located, but nothing prevents pipes from being connected to it to heat the coolant (+)

Most fireplaces are designed in such a way that they can heat only one room. However, the standard fireplace design can be supplemented with a coil around the chimney, which will heat water for the radiators of the heating system. And you can immediately dilute the warm air through the rooms using air ducts with adjustable dampers.

Fireplace heating is highly inert. It takes a lot of time for them to warm up a private house. Most best option is to heat the fireplace all the time. However, in this case, you will need a lot of firewood. But all these minor inconveniences are more than offset by the opportunity to observe the process of burning logs and the aesthetics of your own hearth.

The fireplace can be used as a boiler that heats the coolant for steam, air and water heating networks

Option #2: Liquid fuel

In terms of efficiency, liquid fuel (diesel) boilers differ little from gas counterparts. However, they are larger and heavier. Their installation requires a separate non-residential premises. It is strictly forbidden to install them in a cottage under the stairs or in the kitchen.

When burning oils plant origin and petroleum products generate significant amounts of harmful emissions. The boiler room for these installations must be equipped with high-quality ventilation and a chimney system. Plus, with improper installation and operation, they can begin to smoke.

The two main disadvantages of oil-fired boilers are the high cost of fuel and the need to comply with strict safety requirements.

For heating private wooden houses The following types of liquid fuel are used:

1. Kerosene.
2. Diesel fuel.
3. Processing of fuels and lubricants.
4. Fuel oil.
5. Biofuel from vegetable oils.

Due to the specific smell and the high probability of ignition, it is recommended to store such fuel outside the cottage. But in winter, liquids freeze on the street, so you will have to make a separate heated room for such fuel or organize its preheating. And this is an additional and significant expense.

Among the advantages of using for heating, it is worth noting high efficiency, no need to issue permits for installation and autonomy of work.

However, the high price of fuel interrupts all these advantages. Arrange heating wooden house without gas with the help of a diesel boiler is only in cases where there is no other alternative, and it is not even foreseen in the future.

Option #3: Electricity

Electric boilers do not require a chimney. They are safe and compact. The heating of the coolant inside them occurs due to the heating element. Electric boilers can be used as both the main and additional source of thermal energy. They are easy to use and efficient, but heating with their help is quite expensive.

By cost heating boilers on electricity are comparable to gas models, but require less maintenance and are safer

If the power grids in the village do not please with the constancy of voltage, then choosing your own wooden house is risky. At some point, you can be left without lighting and a heating system at the same time. The only option in such a case is a backup diesel generator.

Not always allocated by power engineers is enough to fully heat the cottage. And pulling an additional power line will result in a serious waste of money.

Installation and heating electrical equipment is relatively cheap, but the latter consumes a lot of electricity. If you plan to equip heating in a private house without gas using electric boiler, then you should prepare in advance for a serious increase in electricity bills.

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About how much electricity an electric boiler will spend during heating,. We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the information provided.

How else can you heat a wooden house?

For creating comfortable conditions in the rooms of the cottage, you can use other methods of heating. There are a lot of novelties in the market of autonomous heat engineering now. Some of them have high price, but have high efficiency. And others involve the use of alternative energy sources.

Infrared heating options

The main feature of IR heat sources is not the heating of air, but of objects and surfaces in a heated room. Already from heated furniture, walls and floors, heat is transferred air masses into the room. As a result, with minimal energy consumption, it is possible to create the most comfortable conditions in the home.

Infrared electric heaters are sold as:

• hanging panels in cases of various shapes;
• film devices for ceiling or floor mounting;
• floor models (a la a regular radiator).

Heat pumps as a useful addition

Among the alternatives to gas for heating a wooden house, heat pumps stand apart, extracting it from environmental subjects. Structurally and technically, this air conditioner is the opposite.

Only the heat pump does not cool the air, but heats it. Moreover, it generates all the thermal energy necessary for this thanks to the reasonable use of free natural resources and phenomena.

Heating based on a heat pump for a private house without gas is the maximum savings on energy resources. But in our latitudes, this type of heating can only serve as an addition to the main heating network (+)

Another option for "green" energy is and. The former generate electricity, while the latter, using the rays of the sun, heat the coolant for supply to the in-house heating system. They do not need any gas to work, they only need constant wind and cloudless weather.

In the future, electricity and the heated coolant can be used to heat a private house by installing a heating system in it with radiators and various electric heaters.

Solar plants are generators of electrical and thermal energy. The heating of the rooms itself is carried out thanks to a variety of heating appliances that connect to these generating devices.

Alternative energy requires serious investments at the stage of equipment purchase, but then - no spending on fossil energy

In its turn wind generators convert wind energy into electricity. And then the heaters are connected to the power supply.

The main disadvantage of all these clean energy sources is that they depend on external factors. Cloudy weather and calm negate their effectiveness. As an additional source, they are quite suitable option heating a private house without gas, but building the entire heating system on them alone is not worth it.

The most economical heating option

From the point of view of fuel costs, the most cost-effective option after the main gas is the option with firewood. Cheaper fuel for boilers, stoves and fireplaces is hard to find.

Then comes coal, and then electricity and diesel. In case of alternative energy costs under this item are generally zero or minimal. However, one should not forget here the cost of heat engineering units for heat generation.

The cheapest in terms of initial costs is heating with electricity, the equipment for such a heating system is the most affordable (+)

In the aggregate of all costs, heating a house without gas is the cheapest thing to do with electricity. But this applies only to cottages with good insulation, as well as situations where the power of existing networks allows you to connect heating electrical equipment. In other situations, it is better to opt for more traditional solid fuel stoves or boilers.

The arguments for choosing the most economical option for heating a private house are set out, the contents of which we recommend that you familiarize yourself with.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Heating of a wooden cottage with a combined boiler ( solid fuel+ electricity):

What is the cheapest way to heat a house outside the city:

How to heat suburban housing more convenient:

For heating private houses without gas, you can use both a classic wood-burning stove and units that convert liquid fuel or electricity into thermal energy.

There is no universal advice on the choice of equipment and type of fuel. It is necessary to carefully evaluate the characteristics of the cottage and the availability of resources for heating the coolant. However, without the advice of a competent engineer, this issue can be greatly miscalculated.

Write what type of heating you have chosen for the arrangement of a country house. Please leave comments, ask questions, post photos on the topic in the block below. We are interested in your opinion about the information presented in the article.