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Utensils are household items for preparing, storing and serving food and ready meals. Types of dishes are classified according to purpose, materials, methods of operation and a number of other features.

Some kitchen utensils are required, others are advisory character, is rarely needed or is a luxury. In order to competently make a list of the necessary and not buy too much, get acquainted with the classification and learn how to navigate the range of dishes.

Classification by purpose and application

According to the purpose, the dishes are divided into the following types:

• Kitchen- Designed for cooking. These are pots, pans, double boilers, kettles, baking dishes and other utensils used for cooking. This also includes cooking appliances - ladles, slotted spoons, pushers.

• Dining room- used for table setting and serving cooked dishes. The group includes soup bowls, plates, dishes, tea and coffee cups and services, glasses, glasses, everything that is on the table during dinner. The group includes cutlery: spoons, forks, knives.
• Storage products - all kinds of jars, containers, oilers, bottles and containers. Anything that is used to store raw food and cooked food. Here allocate containers with different temperatures of use.
• Auxiliary- these are additional items such as spice sets, napkin holders, ice buckets.

Types of kitchen utensils

Without kitchen utensils it is impossible to cook dinner, so you need to equip the kitchen with these important items. Cookware includes:

• Frying pans - heat-resistant metal kitchen utensils for frying on the stove and baking in the oven. Frying pans are classified according to the material of manufacture, diameter, depth, shape, type of handles, the presence of a non-stick coating and a lid. Read more about the types of pans.
• Braziers - varieties of frying pans for a narrower purpose. The roasters are suitable for both stovetop and oven cooking.
• Trays - flat metal sheets with low sides. Designed for baking in the oven.
• Pots - dishes for cooking first courses, cooking vegetables, meat, compotes, pasta. There are many types of pots on sale for the purpose and materials that we talked about.
• Ladles, kettles and milk jugs are small saucepans with one handle for quick preparation or boiling of water (milk).
• Forms for baking bakery and confectionery products. These are all kinds of muffins, pies.
• Forms and portion molds, pots for baking. In the same category can be attributed molds for julienne.

Also, kitchen utensils include items that use outside the stove:

• A colander is a wide bucket with holes for draining water.
• Bowls - containers for washing, cutting, mixing products. It is difficult to do without bowls in the kitchen.
• Sieve for sifting flour and straining thick.
• Mortars - devices for manual grinding of nuts, spices, seeds.
• Graters and manual choppers for vegetables, garlic, herbs.
• for raw and prepared foods.

In the process of cooking, you can not do without kitchen utensils. This:

• Skimmers, spoons, spatulas, forks for frying and other important little things to help turn food and mix ingredients.
• Pusher for making puree. Progress has made its own adjustments here too, look at what has now appeared.
• Ladles for first courses and compotes.
• Rolling pins for rolling dough.
• Hammers for beating meat.
• Knives, scissors and other cutting tools.

Additionally, dishes can be classified according to their purpose: for cooking, frying, stewing, baking, baking.

Types of tableware

Tableware includes plates of all kinds, cups, tableware and special items.

Depending on the size and purpose, plates come in different types:

• Canteens - deep for the first and shallow for second courses with side dishes and independent side dishes.
• Eateries - small and large, for serving cold and hot snacks. Diameter from 20 to 30 cm.
• Dessert with a diameter of 20 mm, for desserts and fruits.
• Pirozhkovye - for pies, bread, croutons.
• Fish - differ in elongated shape.
• Caviar - miniature flat for caviar.
• Egg - with sides for scrambled eggs.
• Chill mold - a form in the form of a shell, used for oysters, stews, salads.
• Drawers divided into several compartments. Suitable for serving with sauces and serving several dishes at the same time.

Cups are also different:

• tea;
• coffee;
• bouillon;
• mugs - differ in large volume;
• bowls.

Yet more species glasses, goblets and glasses. Almost every strong drink has its own dishes. The shape of the glass is not for beauty. It is determined by the aroma, taste and way of tasting. The shape helps the aroma to open up and direct the drink to the right receptors in the mouth.

Cutlery for weekdays and a festive table

There are two types of cutlery - main and auxiliary. The main ones are for individual use. These are spoons, forks, knives served to each guest on a plate. The main group subdivides canteens, snack bars, fish, dessert and fruit cutlery.

Most often, for serving in everyday life, they manage with a standard set of cutlery. Etiquette lovers can buy additional sets for fish and special plugs for spaghetti and crabs.

Auxiliary devices are used at the table together. These are various spoons and forks for putting salads and snacks from common dishes on your plate, shovels for cakes, tongs for pies and ice.

Cutlery is made from solid metals. For the mass consumer, this stainless steel, and for lovers of piece things - cupronickel and silver. Auxiliary devices can be made of plastic, ceramics, glass, wood.

Overview of materials for making dishes

Used to make dishes different materials– metals, ceramics, clay, glass, porcelain, plastic, silicone. The choice of material is determined by the purpose and operating conditions of kitchen utensils or cutlery.

What are kitchen utensils made of?

The first dishes were made from clay, after firing, it became durable and withstood high temperatures in the furnace and exposure to water. Now some types of kitchen utensils are also made from clay and its "descendant" of ceramics. These are baking pots, baking dishes, pans.

Kitchen utensils made of ceramics and clay can be put in the oven, but a sharp temperature drop should not be allowed. For cooking on a gas stove, use a flame spreader. But it's on sale ceramic pans and pots with reinforced metal bottom. These models are suitable for all types of stoves, including induction and gas.

The most popular utensils in the modern kitchen - metallic. For production, types of metals that are safe for humans are used:

• Cast iron is one of the best materials for dishes, durable and practical. Cast iron has natural non-stick properties, retains temperature for a long time, and is not afraid of exposure to fire and heat.
• Food grade aluminum is a durable and strong metal that can be left uncoated protective enamel. Aluminum cookware is produced by casting and stamping. To protect against burning, pans and pots are coated with non-stick compounds.
• Black steel is a durable metal that is resistant to deformation and high temperatures. Requires enamel coating.
• Stainless steel is an absolutely inert material, is not afraid of acids and alkalis, withstands temperature extremes and does not lose its properties when scratched.
• Copper is an expensive raw material used for exclusive cookware or some of its types, such as frying pans for open fires and Turkish coffee pots.

Glass came to the kitchen with the advent of microwave ovens and electric stoves. Pots and braziers are made of heat-resistant glass, but on gas burner still need a flame spreader.

Silicone- A novelty in the kitchen. Silicone forms for the oven and microwave, all housewives already have it, but pots and pots with a metal bottom for gas and open fire are still of interest and distrust.

Tableware materials

Tableware is not affected high temperatures and fire, so there is no need to use materials that are resistant to heat. But there are many other nuances. Materials of manufacture and protective coatings for tableware should:

• be inert to acids and alkalis;
• withstand contact with hot liquids and products;
• do not crack from the contrast of temperatures;
• do not be afraid of detergents.

On sale there are tableware made of ceramics, faience, porcelain, glass, metals, food varieties of plastic. Favorites on the table are ceramics, porcelain, faience and glass. They are used to produce tableware, tea and coffee sets, and other items for table setting.

Glasses, glasses, glasses and other utensils for alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks are made from various types of glass: ordinary, crystal, heat-resistant, crystal. New - double glass that keeps the temperature of the contents and protects the hands from hot or cold.

Non-stick and protective coatings

So that the pans do not burn, and the pans do not oxidize from acids, the dishes are covered various types non-stick and protective coatings. The coverage is:

• teflon;
• ceramic;
• stone (marble, granite);
• titanium.

More about types non-stick coatings for dishes. There you will find out which is more reliable and practical.

Cast iron and steel utensils are covered enamel. Enameling - difficult process, but the coating is durable and scratch resistant. Enameled pots are suitable for cooking borscht, soups, stews, vegetable dishes and compotes. However, you can’t boil milk in them and you shouldn’t cook pasta and dough products - they stick.

Ceramic dishes are glazed. Glazed products are more practical, do not absorb food and odors, but pots and molds are deprived of pores - a natural moisture regulator of cooked dishes.

On our site you will find instructions for choosing the best pots and pans, learn how to choose glasses and cups, learn how to buy inexpensive cutlery without losing quality. Add the site to your favorites to visit us again!

Every kitchen has a set of utensils, some don't find it small enough, others don't find it big enough. For some, there is always little space and of course something is missing. What are the necessary kitchen items you should always have on hand to cook a delicious and healthy homemade meal, even if you are only learn to cook. Let's go in order.

Pots.

There should be several pots - at least two for a small family (with a volume of one and a half and three liters), a maximum of five (from one to five liters), and if you big kitchen, you can store at least twenty. These pans are sold in a set of several pieces. In addition, pans of the same design look much more interesting and neat than mismatched kitchen items. Ideally, you need one saucepan for cooking small portions of food and boiling eggs, one three-liter and one five-liter pots for cooking soups and main courses. Some housewives have a double boiler, but this is more likely for supporters of a healthy lifestyle. If you prefer to stew dishes, you need a heavy-bottomed pot for this.

Frying pans.

Naturally, there should also be several of them. At least three: one small, one medium, one large. Any one of them should be with a thick bottom for extinguishing. If you are a pancake lover, there are special pancake pans for sale. Use modern non-stick or cast iron pans, it all depends on your preferences.

Crockery for the oven.

You must have at least two trays(as a rule, there are two of them in a set with an oven). If you bake regularly two baking dishes - small and medium. It is better to stew in the oven in a goose house. Advanced housewives also have pots for baking. Don't forget that you need a rolling pin for baking.

The rest of the utensils.

One of the main items is a teapot. Of course they should be at least two- one for boiling water and a small brewer.
Every self-respecting hostess has colander for pasta and fruit washing. An advanced hostess also has a sieve.
Gentleman's set for the kitchen: skimmer, whisk, ladle, spatula, mallet, can opener, corkscrew. They are usually sold all together.
There must also be at least one universal grater for vegetables or a set of several.
Knives - at least three pieces: for meat and fish, for vegetables and for bread. Many have five or more knives, it all depends on your needs. Several cutting boards obligatory in the kitchen - separately for vegetables, bread, meat.

The kitchen is always a separate world for the hostess. It has its own rules, its own principles of work and, of course, its own kitchen appliances. If you are well versed in this room, equipped it for yourself and clearly know how to work quickly and efficiently in it, then you can save an incredible amount of time. And the cooking process itself will turn from a painful routine into something interesting and dynamic.

What will be discussed?

This article will tell you about what to achieve such heights in working in an ordinary kitchen. To be more precise, we will talk about the most popular and the right tools. We all singled out and even used kitchen appliances more than once, but let's streamline and supplement our knowledge about them now.

Appliances you can't do without in the kitchen

First, there are four knives. The first is for meat, and the rest are for vegetables and products similar in structure. The meat knife should be wide, but made of thin steel. Such characteristics will allow faster, more convenient and safer work with the product. A large vegetable knife is used to cut food. A kitchen appliance for cutting vegetables and fruits in this category is a medium knife, but a small one is for petty work such as removing eyes and lesions in potatoes. All these devices should be bought with a metal handle, because the wooden one is not very reliable, it easily absorbs odors and wears out pretty quickly.

Secondly, you can not do without scissors. There are many types of them, as well as knives, but the most necessary in the kitchen are the following: medium fish (for cutting fins and cutting the carcass itself), large (for cutting meat with bones), small (in order to cut bags of sour cream and similar products ).

Thirdly, the above devices will very quickly become useless without a sharpener. For cutting tools to be truly effective, it is simply indispensable.

More about small but very important kitchen appliances

Now let's look at other hand-held kitchen appliances. Names and short descriptions are given below. These are small kitchen appliances, but their importance in the modern kitchen cannot be underestimated:

1. Spoons (both usual table spoons and wooden ones). The latter are needed in order to manage jam and dairy dishes. As a rule, in the kitchen it is enough to have three spoons, but this number can vary depending on the situation.
2. Cutting boards. Usually housewives manage with two: a large one for working with dough, a small one for meat, vegetables, fish and the like. Often separate boards are used for the listed products. This is more hygienic and reduces the risk of misunderstood flavors.
3. Rolling pins. The most popular are two-handed, one-handed and rotating (it is also called European).
4. A hammer, preferably made of wood.

Since repairs to electrically powered kitchen appliances often cost a lot, using mechanical and hand tools is more cost effective. Most often, such devices also do not require much attention or care, which greatly simplifies working with them.

What inexpensive devices will help save time?

Now we bring to your attention kitchen appliances, photos and descriptions of which will show that they were created precisely in order to save your time as much as possible. Let's start listing and describing:

1. Meat grinder. A truly brilliant invention. Complete with nozzles can be used for more challenging tasks than simply chopping meat. It is even suitable for squeezing juice.
2. Grater. If it is universal, it is simply an irreplaceable thing. You won't say anything more.
3. Beater. Electric, as well as manual, will quickly and efficiently stir everything - from creams and drinks to minced meat and sauces.
4. Garlic press. Saves you the hassle of grinding garlic by hand.
5. Timer. Rescuer for dishes and a helper that will free your head from worries.
6. Corkscrew opener. Will open in front of you almost any jar, bottle, pull out the cork. In addition, it will do it very quickly.

More complex, but no less effective devices

And now let's look at those products that are not at all necessary in the kitchen, but are incredibly useful and effective. Let's make a top 10, which will include only the best kitchen appliances.

Instruments with many combined functions

Tenth place - food processor. It can replace the entire kitchen arsenal that we listed above. You just need to get, turn on, choose desired function and wash after use. He will cut, and mix, and beat, and grind. For big family- one of the most necessary things. But there is also a significant drawback - the harvester requires scrupulous and complex care.

Ninth place - multicooker. In general, a miracle of technology that can replace not only appliances in the kitchen, but also the hostess herself. Cooking in it is safe - no burnt pastries or undercooked cereals. Among the advantages, it is important to note that the multicookers are completely independent, the hostess needs to load the necessary products inside and press the button. But, of course, there are also disadvantages - it takes up a lot of space, also requires care, it is quite difficult to wash it. It should be noted that the slow cooker is still not omnipotent - complex dishes still do not lend themselves to it.

Drinks and bread - what humanity needs

Eighth place - juicer. We think it is not necessary to explain its purpose at all. The popularity of this device at the moment is due to the fact that all more people trying to lead a healthy lifestyle. It is worth saying that there are two types of juicers - for fresh (used daily) and for blanks (used seasonally). What is important for kitchen utensils- Juicers are easy to clean.

Seventh place - bread makers. Such a machine may hit your pocket a little, but housewives who use bread say with confidence that it is worth it. It is important to know that such a device has far from one function. As a rule, bread machines knead the dough very well, make jams or jams, sometimes even produce fermented milk products (yogurts). Who doesn't love the opportunity to make their own bread recipe?

Universal helpers

Sixth place - microwave oven. Thanks to it, you can really save a lot of time. First of all, let's mention the incredible ability to heat up food almost instantly. But this is far from the only advantage of such a furnace. Here you also need to add cooking various dishes and quick defrosting. If you buy a more advanced microwave oven, then it will have other interesting and useful features that such kitchen appliances have.

Fifth place - mixer. There are indeed many types of such devices and even more nozzles for them. For example, you can use a mixer with its own bowl or submersible. Nozzles are needed to expand the functionality of the device. It is thanks to them that the mixer can both beat with a whisk and mix with a spatula, how to knead the dough with a hook, and chop with knives. Changing your speed helps you achieve different effects, and expensive specimens can also do this without noise and splashing.

The most useful inventions of man

Fourth place - electric kettle. Not new, but very useful kitchen appliance. Modern models can boil water faster and faster, and improved ones maintain the temperature you need for a given period of time, and even turn on at the time you specify thanks to the timer.

Third place - meat grinder. It has already been mentioned, but now we will consider the option not manual, but electric. It goes without saying that such devices are much faster and more multitasking. As in the electric one, there are many nozzles for a variety of purposes. The more modern the model, the more effective and better the nozzles. The same applies to knives, which in most cases are self-sharpening. Such meat grinders allow not only to grind minced meat, but also to cook sausages or nipples. As far as construction is concerned, modern models very compact and often automatically dismantled. wash electric meat grinder It seems like it’s not difficult, but you can’t call this process very easy either.

What a kitchen is not a kitchen without

Second place - stove. We don’t think that there is a kitchen anywhere without it. Since this is an extremely common type of modern kitchen appliances, then it is logical that there are a lot of variations and models. For example, you can choose between gas and electric stove or buy a double; you can install only a stove or choose an option with a built-in oven. You can tell a lot more interesting information about this indispensable assistant to any housewife, but that's a completely different story...

The first place is clearly occupied by the refrigerator. It is he who allows us to keep food at hand, and not run every time to the garden to pick a tomato, or to the field to milk a cow. It must be said that a modern refrigerator is not just a cabinet with cold. "Smart" systems and thoughtful engineering solutions help this unit use individual settings, thereby significantly increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of refrigerators.

What is all this for?

All of the above useful kitchen appliances greatly simplify our lives. That's why it's worth estimating your time investment and perhaps using the information in the article to minimize it as much as possible. In addition, such tools in the kitchen will make cooking not only easier, but also more pleasant, interesting, and even brighter. With our pace of life and constant haste, such factors play a very important role, and therefore you can’t just discount the chance to simplify and decorate your life at the same time. Successful purchases!