Topas water purification system. Autonomous sewerage Topas. Installation rules. Disadvantages and features of operation

A few decades ago, many owners of private houses and any land plots they would not even suspect what convenient options for cleaning sewage can be invented by engineers and inventors of modern sewer technologies in the future.

That is why earlier for most people who would like to build an autonomous sewage system at home with biological treatment, the presence and use of a septic tank of the latest generations.

Today, one of such wonderful sewer treatment facilities is the Topas septic tank, which has its own special characteristics.

There are generally two groups of bacteria that are often used in the production and subsequent operation of modern septic tanks - anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.

Aerobic microorganisms live and act under the influence of oxygen, while anaerobic microorganisms are effective only in the absence of active oxygen. In the case of the Topas construction, which contains aeration plants letting out small air bubbles.

Inside the tanks there is activated sludge exclusively with aerobic bacteria.

These microorganisms can die if aggressive chemicals are used frequently on the farm. chemical substances, which can often be released into offline sewer networks.

Important! Therefore, it is advisable not to use any solvents, alkaline cleaners, acid cleaners and detergents. It is also advisable not to discharge glass, ceramic, plastic, polyethylene and other solid, fibrous or any other insoluble substances into the sewer.

Indeed, in the septic tank, the pumping unit does not have cutting elements that could grind all these items, and therefore they can clog and disable all the mechanisms inside the septic tank.

Before choosing one or another model of Topas septic tanks, you need to properly familiarize yourself with its models, the principle of operation sewer plant, as well as with his device.

Important! It's important to know everything specifications and features of Topas septic tanks in order to prevent the formation emergencies and avoid misuse.

Video: how often to service

Modern people are increasingly thinking about the state environment, perceiving it as part of his home. This is especially true for owners suburban area who seek to live in comfort even far from centralized communications. And if the local sources of the underground drinking water have long become an attribute of the private sector, house-side treatment facilities began to appear relatively recently. But their popularity is growing.

One of the representatives of such a wastewater treatment plant is the Topas septic tank, manufactured by the Topol-eco group of companies.

The Topas septic tank is a local biological wastewater treatment system with preliminary sedimentation of large suspensions. It is on this principle that centralized sewage treatment plants work, so the Topas septic tank can conditionally be called their miniature.

A step-by-step scheme for processing wastewater can be represented as follows.

Step 1. The entire cleaning process begins with sedimentation in the first chamber, where effluents from the domestic sanitary equipment. In addition to sedimentation, already at the first stage, the process of biological decomposition begins due to the fact that oxygen from the air is also supplied to this compartment. From the receiving tank, settled water, thanks to the operation of an airlift equipped with a filter for cleaning large particles, enters the second compartment.

Step 2. The next tank is an aeration tank. In this section, the main work of activated sludge takes place, which consists in the decomposition of pollutants due to the process of respiration of microorganisms. Therefore, air is supplied here by the compressor. In addition, some particles become silted, which will allow them to be removed during the sedimentation process in the next chamber.

Step 3. The third compartment is a pyrami do sump. In it, sludge from the water is deposited, and purified water is discharged. At the outlet of the secondary clarifier, the liquid also passes through an additional filter.

Step 4. Effluent treated to almost 100% of the level is discharged into a receiving tank, reservoir, ditch, etc. A high level of purification allows the use of water for irrigating the green spaces of the site.

Step 5. Light suspended sludge from the secondary clarifier is fed to the beginning of the cycle, and heavy sludge is pumped into the fourth chamber, called the sludge stabilizer.

Such simple circuit allows you to get high-quality wastewater treatment without much human intervention, which is based on the usual natural process of biological decomposition.

Pros and cons of the Topas septic tank

The only drawback of the Topas septic tank is the energy dependence associated with the operation of the compressor. But the lack of uninterrupted power supply on your site will make it impossible to install any station. biological treatment.

The advantages of the Topas septic tank are several:

• lack of noise and unpleasant smell;
• compact design;
• low level electricity consumption;
• simple installation scheme and operation process;
• large range of models.

Model range of septic tanks "Topas"

The models of this cleaning station differ in capacity, which depends on how many people will operate the sanitary equipment of a residential building.

Note! For home with large quantity sanitary equipment, it is better to purchase a septic tank with increased productivity.

The numerical indicator in the model name indicates the number of users for which the septic tank is designed. Also, each model provides two main modifications, differing from each other in the height of the input and output of drains, and hence the height of the septic tank itself:

• the Standard model is suitable for the case of introducing a supply pipe at a depth of 0.4 - 0.8 m;
• the Long model is applicable when you have to deepen sewer pipe at 0.9 - 1.4 m.

There is modifications with forced withdrawal of treated water. They are equipped with a pump.

For private houses, 5, 8 and 10 models of the Topas septic tank are most often used, so we will focus on brief description precisely these varieties. In order not to repeat ourselves, we indicate that all these models have the same width, which is 1.2 m.

The Topas 5 septic tank is designed for a salvo discharge of 0.22 m 3, and a productivity of 1 m3. Weight, depending on the height of the tank and the presence of a pump for forced pumping of treated effluents, ranges from 0.23 - 0.31 tons. Height standard models- 2.6 and 2.5 m for gravity and forced evacuation of wastewater, respectively. The height of the elongated model is 3.1 m. The length of the septic tank is about 1 m. Estimated cost depending on the height of the tank and the presence of a pump, it fluctuates within 80 thousand rubles.

The Topas 8 septic tank copes with a salvo discharge of 0.44 m3 and has a capacity of 1.5 m3. The weight of the septic tank of this model, depending on the modification, ranges from 0.35 - 0.41 tons. The length is about 1.5 m, and the height for standard systems is approximately 2.5 m, and elongated - 3.1 m. The price range is 85-105 thousand rubles.

Septic tanks "Topas 10" successfully operate with a capacity of 2 m3, and the volume of a volley ejection can be equal to 0.76 m3. The weight of the container with equipment varies for modifications in the range of 0.50 - 0.62 tons. The height of this septic tank is the same as that of the eighth model, and the length is 2.1 m.

In addition, the Topas 10 septic tank, in addition to standard models, has an elongated tank with a reinforced structure that can withstand strong ground pressure.

We also note that among the Topas treatment plants there are varieties capable of serving several houses and even small populated areas with up to one and a half hundred people. In this case, the installation must be left to professionals. Small structures can be installed independently.

Installation work

Topas 8 - autonomous system biological wastewater treatment

Before the preparatory and installation work it is necessary to choose the right location of the septic tank in accordance with certain conditions:

• the distance to the treatment plant from residential buildings should be at least 5 m, but not exceed the threshold of 10-15 m;
• if the conditions of the area force you to install a septic tank further from the house, then it is recommended to install an inspection well on the external sewer pipeline;
• an inspection well will be required if the supply pipe has bends of more than 30 degrees, so it is better that the pipeline does not have turns.

Having decided on the place, you can proceed to the installation work.

Step 1. Dig a pit using equipment or manually. The width and length of the pit for the container should be approximately 50-60 cm larger than the corresponding dimensions of the septic tank. The depth of the pit is made equal to the height of the septic tank, even though a fifteen centimeter sand layer will be poured at the bottom. After all, it is 0.15 m that the septic tank should rise above the ground to facilitate its maintenance and prevent the station from flooding during the spring flood. If at the bottom it will be installed additionally concrete base, then its height must be taken into account when determining the depth of the pit.

Step 2. To prevent shedding of the pit, its walls are reinforced with formwork.

Step 3. At the bottom of the pit for the Topas septic tank, a sandy backfill 15 cm thick is made, which must be leveled to the mounting level. If the septic tank is installed in places with water-saturated soil or with a seasonal rise in GWL, then it is important to additionally fill or install a ready-made concrete base at the bottom of the pit. The septic tank is further attached to it.

Step 4 Holes for pipelines are made in the wall of the tank.

Step 5. A septic tank is released into the prepared pit. If we are talking about 5 or 8 models, then no more than 4 people should be involved to carry out all the work. To do this, they thread slings through the eyes on the stiffening ribs of the container, holding them for letting the septic tank go into the pit.

It is important to check using building level whether the septic tank is level.

Step 6 Prepare a trench for laying a pipe from the house to the septic tank. The depth of the ditch must ensure that the pipeline passes below the zero ground temperature point typical for the winter period. If this fails, then the pipe will need to be insulated. A sand backfill is also made at the bottom of the trench, which is leveled in such a way that the laid pipe runs at a slope of 5-10 mm per linear meter.

Step 7 Lay the supply pipe and connect it to the septic tank through the pipe inserted into the prepared hole in the wall of the container. All connections are additionally sealed with a special plastic cord that comes with the station. For this use building hair dryer. At the same stage, the septic tank is connected to the power cable and compressor equipment is installed.

Step 8. Prepare a ditch for a pipe that already drains waste after cleaning into a receiving tank, pond, filtration well and other places of discharge. A pipe is laid at an angle in it, if the removal of water is planned to be carried out by gravity. For forced evacuation of the liquid in the slope is not necessary. The outlet pipeline is connected to the septic tank, all connections must be tight.

Step 9. Fill the septic tank with sand or a mixture of cement and sand. At the same time, the tank itself is poured clean water, its level should be 15-20 cm higher than the backfill level. Every 20-30 cm, the backfill is carefully rammed manually. The space between the top 30 cm of the septic tank and the foundation pit is filled with fertile soil and the turf is laid back around to restore the landscape.

Note! The sand in the backfill must be unsifted so that during the freezing of the soil, large particles do not damage the walls of the septic tank.

Step 10. Ditches are filled up with inlet and outlet pipes laid in them.

Rules for operation and maintenance

After installing all the constituent elements of the Topas cleaning system, start-up work is carried out. For the first time, it is better to leave this procedure to professionals, watching their work.

Note! It takes about three weeks to form the required biomass of activated sludge. To speed up this process, you can add ready-made river silt to the septic tank.

Ongoing maintenance includes the following activities.

Note! Sludge from the stabilizer is good fertilizer for your green spaces.

AT comprehensive service it also includes cleaning the coarse filter and checking the float mechanism of the first chamber, which is responsible for turning the compressor on and off. For revision, you just need to forcefully raise and release the float and see how the compressor works.

It is also important to clean the pumping equipment compartment, after removing the compressors from there, rinse all hoses and pipes.

Note! Before reverse installation compressors, it is necessary to thoroughly wipe their compartment dry.

After completing all the cleaning procedures and installing the equipment in place, it is necessary to fill the septic tank clean water by two thirds. You can proceed to further operation.

Otherwise, the Topas septic tank works effectively offline.

Video - The principle of operation of the septic tank "Topas"

Septic Topas negative feedback about device

More and more owners of country houses are equipping the local sewage system by installing local treatment facilities. More often, ready-made stations are used, such as a septic tank. One of the most popular is the Topas septic tank. Many users have already appreciated the advantages of this device. However, sometimes there are negative reviews.

Septic Topas - scheme

How does the Topas septic tank work and work?

"Topas" is a kind of reduced copy of the central sewage treatment plants serving entire settlements. In this septic tank, water also goes through the stages of mechanical and biological treatment.

Septic tank Topas - design

"Topas" is a container divided into compartments, in each of which a certain stage of wastewater treatment takes place.

1. First, sewage enters the settling tank to settle large particles that accumulate at the bottom.
2. Partially clarified water is pumped by means of airlifts to the next compartment. Here, maximum cleaning is carried out thanks to aerobic microorganisms that form activated sludge and decompose pollution in the presence of oxygen, which is supplied here by a compressor.
3. The last stage of purification is a pyramid sump, in which water gets rid of activated sludge.

After that, the purified liquid can be used for irrigation or other technical needs. The sludge accumulated in the second settling chamber enters the stabilizer. The accumulated sludge must be removed and can be used as fertilizer.

Efficient wastewater treatment is one of several advantages of the Topas septic tank.

Advantages and disadvantages

Local wastewater treatment plants have gained popularity not only due to the fact that wastewater is almost 100% purified in them, but also due to many other advantages.

1. Tanks for installation do not require much space. In addition, there is no need to allocate space for the arrangement of soil after-treatment.

   

2. The Topas septic tank is easy to install, maintain and operate. The sediment can be removed by yourself.

   

3. This is a virtually silent device.
4. The septic tank does not stink.

   

5. Wide the lineup allows you to choose the installation in accordance with the required performance.

   

6. LOS "Topas" are reliable systems that have gained popularity in the market. At the same time, the price for them is often more profitable than for similar stations from other companies.

Topas also has a number of disadvantages.

1. High price compared to storage tanks or septic tanks with soil aftertreatment.
2. Dependence on electricity.
3. The need for equipment maintenance.

You may be interested in information about what and how it is used.

Maintenance of TOPAS will have to be carried out

In general, most users rated Topas. However, sometimes you can also find complaints at the wastewater treatment station of this company.

Negative reviews about the Topas septic tank and their reasons

Negative statements in the direction of the Topas septic tank can be reduced to several factors. Let's take a look at some of the negative reviews.

Review 1

“I bought a septic tank 4 years ago, recently the drains have become cloudy after cleaning. During the opening of the container, it was found that the first compartment was full. Here is the station without pumping. I had to call the master, whose work cost money.

The reason for the occurrence of malfunctions in this case is obvious. The user forgot that the septic tank needs regular maintenance.

Review 2

“We have had the Topas septic tank for almost a month now. All this time wastewater cloudy at the exit, and a putrid smell comes from the tank itself.

Such moments are due to the fact that it takes time for the accumulation of active biomass. In winter, this process can take a month. To speed up the normalization of biological treatment, you can add river silt or ground food waste to the septic tank. After all, biomass will grow if there is enough food.

Review 3

We have had LOS Topas for almost 3 years. All this time there are some malfunctions. Most often, the float fails, which leads to overflow of the chambers and flooding of the electrical part. Or the overflow between the compartments is clogged. Not even two months go by without a replacement part.”

A possible reason is a defective septic tank. Some users are experiencing this issue. At the same time, among marriages, disruption of the float occurs most often. If the equipment was purchased from an official representative or manufacturer, service was ordered from them, then such shortcomings are easily corrected service center for free.

The overflow of chambers is often associated with an incorrect calculation of the productivity and volume of effluents and volley discharge. The clogging of the elements is caused by violations in operation, namely, discharges of prohibited substances into the sewer, for example, a large amount of wool and hair, polymer or rubber waste, construction waste, etc.

Note! Drains must not contain chlorine detergents, antibacterial drugs, antiseptics, as well as aggressive chemicals such as alcohol, solvent, etc. But with wastewater from bathrooms, dishwasher and washing machines, the bacteria cope.

Review 4

“I installed a septic tank myself in summer time when the level ground water was minimal. I hoped that the tank filled with water would not float. My hopes were not justified. I had to re-install."

This bad review It's not about hardware, it's about installation. In many regions of Russia, groundwater rises close to the surface at least seasonally. For this reason, any plastic tanks local sewage must be installed on a concrete base and secured to it with cables.

How to avoid problems with VOCs like "Topas"?

Local sewerage requires more attention than centralized sewer networks. Therefore, you should not treat the choice and installation of "Topas" irresponsibly. There are several nuances that need to be taken into account.

1. Correctly calculate productivity, taking into account not only the number of people living in the house, but also the installation of sanitary equipment such as a bathtub, washing machine and dishwashers, as well as the possible arrival of guests.
2. Buy all equipment from official representatives or from the manufacturer itself. They also order installation and maintenance, if there is the slightest doubt in their own abilities.
3. For self-assembly, consider the groundwater level and the zero temperature point.
4. If you do not use the septic tank constantly, then for the period of your prolonged absence carry out conservation. Otherwise, the bacteria will die and the drains will not be cleaned.
5. Do not dispose of prohibited substances down the drain.

The most important condition effective cleaning and uninterrupted operation equipment - timely maintenance, which includes:

• removal of sediment from the activated sludge stabilizer;
• cleaning airlifts, filters;
• removal from tanks with a net of waste that bacteria cannot process.

All these procedures can be performed independently, or hire specialists for these purposes.

Autonomous sewerage"TOPAS"
Septic Topas - scheme
Septic tank Topas - design

To organize waste disposal country house, cottages or cottages, there is a wide variety of options. Cesspools and storage tanks - not the best The best way due to low hygiene and environmental friendliness. The old method of building a sewer system has been replaced by innovative treatment technologies, among which the Topas septic tank is especially popular. The principle of operation of the Topas septic tank is based on biological features microorganisms (anaerobic bacteria).

Device and principle of operation

The most common option for small house is the Topas 5 model, which meets the needs of a family of 4-5 people and has optimal small area and buildings technical specifications and installation features. Topas biological treatment station is a system with preliminary separation of coarse suspensions. It can be used all year round regardless of the intensity of use. There are several modifications of this installation with the same length (1.1 m) and width (1.2 m), but different weight - from 250 to 310 kg and height - from 2.5 to 3.1 m.

Particular compactness does not create problems for finding a place to install a septic tank, and low energy consumption (1.5 kW per day) does not require the installation of additional equipment for Topas quality work. This sewer system is designed to process 1 m 3 of wastewater per day.

Structural device sewer septic tank provides water purification in several stages. The septic tank is a system that includes 4 compartments:

• receiving chamber;
• Aerotank;
• Sludge stabilizer;
• Secondary sump.

Important ! Degree of sewage treatment sewage water passing through the Topas septic tank is up to 98%.

Coming through the sewer pipe, household waste is in the receiving chamber, the filters in which separate small fractions of waste from large ones. Further, the water that has passed through the filters enters the aeration tank with the help of an airlift (special pump). In this compartment, the most important stage of cleaning takes place - with the help of aerobic bacteria.

Interesting ! Aerobic bacteria - microorganisms of a bacterial nature that carry out their vital activity only in the presence of oxygen, and in the process of biological activity ensure the decomposition of organic substances into constituent elements.

In the aerotank, water is saturated with oxygen (aeration) and purified by aerobic bacteria. The next compartment (sludge stabilizer), at the outlet, gives out already purified water, which flows out by gravity, or with the help of a drainage pump. Activated sludge, settling in the stabilization compartment, again and again enters the aerotank, and after several passes of this procedure is removed from the stabilizer.

Attention ! Waste from the work of the treatment plant in the form of stabilized sludge is the main condition for servicing Topas 5, as well as effective fertilizer for a homestead.

Purified water in the form of runoff is discharged into a special ditch or container and can be used for watering plants. Such a simple principle of operation and the device of the Topas 5 septic tank allows obtaining, without human intervention, based on biological decomposition processes, high-quality and environmentally friendly sewage treatment.

Advantages and disadvantages

Topas sewerage, the principle of operation of which is described above, has undeniable advantages over other treatment systems during operation:

• High cleaning efficiency (98-99%) while ensuring a high level of hygiene and environmental friendliness;
• Ease of maintenance of the system, which can be done independently without special equipment and the involvement of specialists;
• Low energy consumption;
• Lack of unpleasant odors and low noise level;
• Compact and durable design and ease of installation;
• Wide range of models.

One of the main disadvantages of the Topas 5 station is that it is not the most low price and the need for uninterrupted power supply. But these disadvantages against the background of advantages are not significant, since the installation efficiency and inexpensive maintenance pay off in a short time. And the installation of an uninterruptible supply of electricity on the site will eliminate the second drawback.

Features of installation and operation

Proper installation and proper maintenance of the Topas septic tank is the key to its effective operation.

Mounting

Installation of Topas 5 should be carried out by qualified specialists with experience in installing such systems.

The first step is to find a suitable location that must meet the following requirements:

• Wastewater treatment plant should be located on optimal distance from residential buildings - from 5 to 15 meters;
• If there is a need for installation at a longer distance due to the characteristics of the soil, then the inspection well must be installed on the external sewerage pipeline;
• A well is necessary if the bends of the supply pipe are more than 30 °, best option- no pipeline bends.

The system is installed in a previously excavated pit, the walls of which must be reinforced with wooden formwork to prevent soil shedding.

The septic tank is installed on a sand cushion, which is about 150 mm high and must be aligned with the mounting level. At the same height, the treatment system should rise above the ground, which will ensure the convenience of its maintenance and protect it from spring floods.

Attention ! If the septic tank is installed in soils saturated with groundwater, then it is advisable to mount it on a pre-poured concrete base.

Important ! The depth of the ditch must be lower than the ground zero point at winter period, otherwise the pipeline must be insulated.

Then the septic tank is connected to the pipeline, power cable, and the compressor is installed. All connections must be airtight and additionally sealed with the included plastic cord, using a building hair dryer.

A ditch for a pipe with drains is prepared at the next stage; it can go both at an angle (with the gravity method) and without an inclination (with forced evacuation).

Next, the septic tank must be covered with sand, sometimes with a mixture of sand and cement, depending on the type of soil. The fractions of the poured mixture should not be too large so as not to damage the outer walls of the installation. At the same time, the tank of the system is filled with water to balance the pressure inside the installation and outside. Tamp the poured mixture every 30 cm manual method. Fertile soil is laid in the space between the upper level of the septic tank (30 cm) and the foundation pit. Top covered with turf to ensure landscape restoration.

At the last stage, the trenches are backfilled with branches placed in them.

Exploitation

After the installation of the system, it is necessary to perform commissioning. Further measures for the maintenance of a septic tank are:

• Compressor membrane cleaning every 2 years;
• Replacement of aeration equipment after 10-12 years of operation;
• Stabilizer cleaning and removal of sludge with regular use of treatment facilities at least 1 time in 3 months;
• Annual maintenance of the station, which includes pumping out sediments and sludge from all compartments of the system and flushing each tank with clean water;

In addition to the above procedures, it is necessary to clean the filter installations from large fractions of waste, check the float mechanism for operability, clean the compartment pumping unit, clean the hoses and tubes included with the system.

Possible malfunctions and their elimination

Septic Topas 5 - reliable station biological treatment of sewerage, its effective work may be broken if some constituent elements, which can be caused by:

• flooding of the septic tank;
• Malfunction of the drainage pump;
• Airlift pollution;
• Compressor diaphragm damage.

The flooding of the septic tank can be caused by a malfunction of the drainage pump, freezing of the pipeline leading to clean water, due to improper installation of the sewage treatment. Most often, problems are fixed by replacing or cleaning necessary components. In addition, cleaning must be carried out in the presence of an unpleasant odor from the septic tank.

The reliability and environmental friendliness of the sewer system at home depends on how the Topas septic tank works, therefore it is necessary to carry out correct and timely maintenance of the installation and not violate the rules of operation.

Features of the septic tank

An important condition for the quality of the system is its continuous operation. Long breaks in the operation of the station do not allow the aerobic bacteria to function effectively, the condition for which is the presence of polluted water with organic impurities that these microorganisms feed on. Without power, they die and the system stops working properly. At the same time, the manufacturer gives a guarantee for the operation of the installation for 50 years at right conditions installation and operation.

It is impossible to drain such waste into the Topas 5 sewerage system as:

• Construction debris, sand;
• Aggressive detergents;
• cleaning chemicals;
• Large waste;
• alkali, acid, medicines and rotting waste.

Conclusion

Topas septic tank is an effective biological system for sewage, which, when competent operation can work offline for a long time, providing necessary measures disposal and treatment of human waste.

You can buy septic tanks of this model on the site topas-site.ru or in specialized stores in your city.

Septic tanks are one of the most effective options for organizing autonomous wastewater treatment. These devices are not too cheap, but they are convenient and reliable.

To understand why it is worth or not worth installing such a device on the site, you should study the principles of its operation. That is what we will talk about in this article. As a current example, we will use a septic tank for giving Topas.

And also we will consider in detail the device of such a system, highlight the main pros and cons, give recommendations for the operation and maintenance of the septic tank.

A septic tank is a type of sewer device specially designed for complete or almost complete processing, clarification and disinfection of sewage waste masses.

The operation of the device is based on the principle of biological treatment. Active oxygen and special bacteria are used as an active component, which decompose wastewater into water and neutral sludge.

Image gallery

At the same time, sludge serves as a binding component; inorganic wastes that are not amenable to bacterial processing also settle in it.

The water obtained as a result of purification is usually discharged from the device through an earthen filter of an absorption well, a filtration field, or otherwise. With the proper level of purification, water can be used to water plants on the site.

The water obtained as a result of processing wastewater in the Topas septic tank can be diverted to a separate well to be used for irrigation and other technical needs.

For the processing of organics, they are used, which are anaerobic and aerobic. The former live and process wastewater in an oxygen-free environment, which is ensured by completely sealed containers. The latter work only in conditions of an unhindered supply of oxygen.

Regardless of the type, these microorganisms are able to reproduce themselves, so the septic tank does not need to regularly add bacteria to the drains, although in some cases it has to be done.

Conventionally, the Topas septic tank is divided into four departments. Air is injected using compressors, and an airlift is used to move wastewater inside the device.

Like any device, a septic tank requires proper care. In particular, accumulated sludge must be removed annually. From the usual cesspool septic tanks compare favorably in that the recycling process completely neutralizes all unpleasant odors.

If the device is installed correctly and operated in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, there are usually no problems with it.

Varieties of designs and model range

To understand the principles of operation of a Topas-type septic tank, you should study its design. Externally, this device is a large cube-shaped container with a large square lid.

Inside, it is divided into four functional sections. There is a built-in device for air intake from the surface to ensure the saturation of the drains with oxygen.

The Topas septic tank consists of four interconnected chambers providing multi-stage cleaning. Flowing from one compartment to another, the effluents are settled, processed by bacteria, disinfected and clarified

Inside the cleaning system are the following elements:

• the receiving chamber, into which the effluents initially enter;
• airlift with pumping equipment, which ensures the movement of wastewater between different departments of the device;
• aeration tank - a department in which the secondary stage of cleaning is performed;
• pyramidal chamber, where the final treatment of wastewater takes place;
• post-treatment chamber, here the water purified during the operation of the septic tank accumulates;
• for air injection;
• sludge removal hose;
• device for the removal of purified water.

The range of septic tanks of this brand is quite wide. There are models for plots and houses different sizes, devices designed to service gas stations and even powerful sewage treatment plants that can satisfy the needs of a small village.

This diagram clearly shows the device of the Topas septic tank. It consists of four different departments, through which the waste that has arrived through the sewer pipe moves.

In private housing construction, Topas-5 and Topas-8 septic tanks are most often used. The number next to the name indicates the approximate number of residents that the device is designed to serve.

"Topas-5" has a more compact size and lower productivity, it is able to easily meet the needs of a family of five in sewerage services.

This model is considered perfect choice for relatively small dacha. Such a device can process about 1000 liters of wastewater per day, and the simultaneous discharge of waste within 220 liters will not cause any harm to the septic tank.

The dimensions of Topas-5 are 2500X1100X1200 mm, and the weight is 230 kg. The power consumption of the device is 1.5 kW per day.

But for a large cottage, it’s better to take Topas-8. The dimensions and ability to process wastewater from this model are much higher. Such a septic tank is able to serve even the areas where the pool is located, although in such a situation, Topas-10 may be more appropriate.

The performance of such models varies between 1500-2000 liters of wastewater per day.

The numbers next to the name of the septic tank indicate the number of people that this device can serve with simultaneous use. Buyers are guided by these indicators, choosing the right model.

There is also letter marking describing special conditions operation for which a particular device is designed.

For example, the designation “Long” indicates the possibility of using this septic tank with a connection depth that exceeds 80 cm. The “Pr” marking indicates models with the option of forced pumping of partially treated water.

Such designs are additionally equipped with a pump. Models marked “Pr” are used in areas with high level ground water.

Models of Topas septic tanks may vary depending on the volume of wastewater being processed, as well as on operating conditions. For example, for areas with increased level groundwater, it is recommended to choose a septic tank marked “Pr”

The presence of a pump in the device of this model of the Topas septic tank is designed for installation on a site with clay soils that do not filter well or do not absorb purified water at all. Marking "Us" stands for simply - "reinforced".

It's over powerful models, which should be used if the installation depth of the septic tank exceeds the level of the sewer pipe by 1.4 m or more.

The higher the performance of the pump, its power and the more options it has, the more expensive it will be to purchase it, and the more difficult it is to install it. So don't choose treatment plant“for growth”, if in the near future the number of residents in the house should not increase sharply.

The principle of operation of septic tanks "Topas"

Through the sewer pipe, effluents enter the first receiving chamber. Here, sewage masses are fermented with the active participation of anaerobic bacteria.

When the level of effluents in the receiver reaches a predetermined level, the waste is pumped into the second chamber using an airlift.

Wastewater enters the receiving chamber, in the second it is saturated with oxygen and processed by aerobic bacteria, in the third it is settled, and in the fourth it decomposes into sludge and 98% purified water

In the second section of the septic tank, aeration of drains is performed, i.e. their saturation with air, which is necessary in order to activate the work of aerobic microorganisms digesting sewer organics.

Bacteria actively process the contents of the sewer, turning it into a mixture of partially clarified and purified water and activated sludge.

After processing in the second chamber, everything moves to the sludge stabilizer section - biomass, which is actively involved in cleaning the liquid component of the sewer mass. Here, the sludge settles, and the water released as a result moves to the sump.

To improve the quality of treatment, part of the water and mobile sludge from the stabilizer enters the primary chamber so that secondary wastewater treatment can be carried out.

Thus, the scheme of operation of the topas septic tank provides for the circulation of wastewater through various compartments of the septic tank until the level of purification reaches the required quality level. This ensures the high safety of the treated wastewater for the environment.

If the section of the site is composed of sandy soil, then it is better to arrange an absorption well to discharge wastewater. Its construction is possible only if there is at least 1 meter between the conditional bottom of the filtering well and the groundwater table.

Upon completion of the multi-stage processing, the purified water is discharged to or, where the waste mass is further treated and discharged into the ground.

If it is not possible to arrange a filter well or drainage system, the clarified and disinfected liquid can be discharged into the gutter.

If the septic tank is installed in clay soil, disposal of treated and disinfected effluents is carried out in a sewer ditch

AT absorption well or in filtration fields, post-treatment is carried out by passing effluents through filtering soils. In the first case, the post-treatment structure is a pit with a permeable bottom, on which a meter-long layer of crushed stone or gravel with sand filler is placed.

The filter field is a kind of drainage system, arranged from perforated pipes - drain. Flowing through the drains, the liquid component of the wastewater is additionally cleaned and seeps through the perforations of the pipes into the surrounding soil.

When laying all types of sewer pipelines, including the drain system, the level of soil freezing in winter should be taken into account so that the sewage does not freeze and create plugs in the channel intended for their flow.

If there is unused land near the site or a country estate has an impressive area, the waste disposal system can be made in the form of drains that carry out post-treatment and discharge of water into the ground

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

Topas septic tanks have been used in Russia and neighboring countries for more than two decades. During this time, buyers fully appreciated the advantages of the Topas septic tank and identified its shortcomings.

Judging by the fact that the demand for septic tanks is not decreasing, autonomous sewage of this brand can be considered quite reliable.

Thanks to the biochemical scheme of work and multi-stage cleaning, Topas septic tanks process up to 98-99% of organic contaminants, i.e. provide almost complete neutralization.

Installation of the device is relatively simple, no complicated preparatory work such as pouring concrete, etc. You do not need to regularly call the sewer truck, as the owners of cesspools are forced to do.

The main part of the Topas septic tank is located deep underground, only the cover is visible from the outside, so the presence of such an autonomous sewage system will not spoil the surrounding landscape

Of course, the airlift, compressors and other components require constant access to power. However, the energy costs for such a septic tank are relatively low, as are the overall operating costs of maintaining it.

The water obtained as a result of the operation of the septic tank can be used for irrigation, and the silt that accumulates in the tank can be used as a fertilizer for the soil on the site, which somewhat reduces the cost of its improvement.

The septic tank is a closed system, so no unpleasant odors will disturb the residents of the house. Unpleasant noise is also completely absent, since the device is located in the ground, and the components and mechanisms included in it work very quietly.

Such a septic tank can be used on almost any type of soil. Like almost any autonomous sewer system, the Topas septic tank is underground, i.e. does not cause damage to the landscape of the site.

With improper installation or operation of the Topas septic tank, serious damage can occur, for the elimination of which you will have to call an experienced craftsman

Such a device does not need serious measures for warming, except perhaps in areas with a very harsh climate. Microorganisms in the process of waste processing produce a certain amount of thermal energy, which does not allow the container to freeze.

The manufacturer assures that, provided correct installation and operation of the Topas septic tank can last about 50 years.

Among the disadvantages of the device, its dependence on electricity is most often mentioned. If power outages occur frequently and for a long time, then it makes sense to take care of additional source power supply.

Another “minus” is the relatively high price, if you wish, you can find a septic tank cheaper. But positive characteristics and reliability of the device fully justify the costs.

In the reviews, sometimes there are complaints about the incorrect operation of Topas septic tanks or even breakdowns. In practice, it usually turns out that the problems are the fault of the owners themselves: either the device was installed and started up incorrectly, or the rules for its operation were not followed.

Rules for installation and installation

At the bottom of the pit is being built sand cushion, a compacted layer of 100-150 mm will be enough. Then they lower it down and install the septic tank. The device must stand perfectly level, to check its position, use the usual building level.

After that, a sewer pipe is brought to the device and a hole is cut out along its perimeter at the level of its connection, because. the inlet pipe is not structurally provided due to the difference in the connection depth in different sections.

The pipe is welded using the supplied welding rod.

The pit for the Topas septic tank should be spacious enough. To prevent the soil from crumbling, a wooden formwork is installed on the walls of the pit

Then the power supply is connected to the cleaning object. The cable is protected with corrugated pipe and laid in the same trench as the sewer pipe. After that, a pipe segment is connected to the outlet pipe, connecting the septic tank with the post-treatment system chosen by the owners.

A technical filling is installed in a tank immersed in the pit and, if necessary, leveled: a pump, if it is provided in the configuration, a compressor.

At least one ventilation riser. Appropriate place for its location - the exit of the sewer pipeline from the house.

The cover of the neck of the sewer station can be hidden by seating around the perimeter shrub plants

If there is no desire to mask, around the hatch you can make small playground with a track. The main thing is that the sleeve of the sewer machine "gets" to the place of pumping

After installing all the functional parts and checking the correct connection, they begin to backfill the pit. To balance the external pressure of the soil on the walls of the septic tank, it is filled with water at the same time as backfilling. The injected water will be gradually displaced as the effluent is received and processed.

In order for the septic tank to work properly and for a long time, it should be used in accordance with the rules established by the manufacturer. Avoid moving to sewer system various inorganic waste, such as plastic, polyethylene, construction waste, etc.

Proper installation of the Topas septic tank is extremely important for further successful work autonomous sewer of this type. Violation of the recommendations may cause the destruction of the capacity of the device

Such substances are not amenable to bacterial processing, therefore, in best case they simply settle in the septic tank, reducing its usable volume and performance. In the worst case, the presence of inorganic contaminants can lead to damage to the septic tank or equipment failure.

A detailed overview of common breakdowns of the Topas septic tank and how to fix them are considered.

It is not recommended to pour substances that contain antibiotics, as well as chlorine or manganese compounds into the sewer, since this creates a hostile environment for bacterial cultures, they can simply die.

If the number of bacteria in the septic tank decreases markedly, waste processing will slow down, and an unpleasant smell will appear in the septic tank.

For the same reasons, it is not allowed to use a septic tank for disposal a large number liquids containing alcohol, industrial oils, antifreeze, acids or alkalis of high concentration, for example, household cleaners.

Do not flush wool down the drain. Although it is organic matter, it cannot be processed quickly enough in a septic tank, but it can clog the device.

Regular removal of neutral sludge accumulated at the bottom of the Topas septic tank is an important part of maintaining the device, ensuring its smooth operation.

Problems can also arise as a result of a power outage. If the septic tank does not work, and the waste continues to flow, this will lead to an overflow of the tank, as a result, the untreated mass will enter the soil.

It should be understood that this is not heating system, complete pumping out of the liquid from the septic tank will have a detrimental effect on the bacteria inhabited in the device. Before conservation, the device is cleaned and left partially filled with water.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The process of work and installation of the Topas septic tank is described in the following material:

The installation procedure for the Topas septic tank is shown in detail here:

This video shows the procedure for cleaning and maintaining this type of septic tank:

Topas septic tanks are reliable and useful devices. They are quite diverse both in terms of functionality and price, which allows you to choose the right septic tank for any site.

It is very important not only to choose the right septic tank for your home or summer cottage, but also to carry out its competent installation and regular maintenance. In this case, the device will work properly for a long time.

Do you have a compact septic tank from the Topas family installed in your country house? Tell us, did you install it yourself or did you call the master? How often do you clean it and are you satisfied with the overall system? Leave your comments and add a photo of your septic tank in the block under this article - your feedback will be useful to many cottage owners.