Mighty linden trees have a beautiful curly crown. In summer, it turns into an odorous, humming hive. If the site is spacious, its owners can plan in advance how and where to plant the linden. A few trees will make a great group. The linden will become tall and lush in a few decades. The young tree is plastic, the crown is given the appearance of choice. Linden at any age is attractive with a cozy shadow created by picturesque foliage.

Kinds

The broad-leaved tree was formed in temperate climates millions of years ago. Most common in Europe and Asia, has more than 30 species. Grows in wild and cultivated form. Different types of lindens bloom from spring to mid-summer. The tree is a long-liver, there are specimens growing over 500 years. There are large linden plantations on the site of old landlord estates, which are more than 200 years old.

• Linden Caucasian

The trunk grows up to 40 m, the crown is round, very sprawling. Dark red young shoots look picturesque. Found in the Caucasus and northwest Asia.

• Linden Manchurian

Often the tree grows multi-stem, rises up to 20 m. Frost-resistant look extended to Far East and in the Amur region.

• Linden silver

This species is also called felt linden. On the leaves there is a gentle fluff on top, dense down below. A tree with a wide pyramidal crown, tall, reaches 30 m. It occurs in the forests of the middle climatic zone of Russia.

• Linden small-leaved

In our country, this is the most common type. Usually, when they talk about linden, they mean this type of linden tree.

• Large-leaved linden, or broad-leaved

Very similar to the small-leaved. Surface leaf blade wider, up to 12 cm. A tree with a tent-shaped crown, from 18 to 25 m wide. It grows faster than a small-leaved one, reaches 40 m. Over the year, the seedling grows by 45 cm, and the crown is distributed up to 35 cm. Demanding for soils, develops better on alkaline or slightly acidic. Distributed in Western Europe in regions with mild winters.

When buying seedlings of the Manchurian and broad-leaved linden, they choose those that are grafted onto the small-leaved linden. They develop faster and bloom from 5-6 years.

Description

The trunk of the small-leaved linden is erect, single, reaches 30 m in height. The bark is gray-brown in color, covered with a network of cracks. The crown is branched, dense. The alley of old lindens almost does not let the wind through, forms a peculiar cozy space. There are also multi-stemmed trees. In oppressed conditions, the plant takes on the form of a shrub that spreads through root shoots. A strong root system is based on a powerful taproot that penetrates deep into the ground.

The leaves are large, up to 17 cm, heart-shaped, serrate. The flowers are small, collected in semi-umbels with large leaf-shaped greenish-yellow bracts. When the time comes for linden blossoms, in June-July, the air is saturated with a soothing aroma that spreads over several tens of meters. The flowers are rich in nectar, this tree is the best honey plant. Seeds are edible small nuts.

Characteristic

Small-leaved linden is an unpretentious, winter-hardy, shade-tolerant and drought-resistant tree. Tolerates 40-degree frosts. He likes to grow in spacious sunny areas, the crown in such a landing becomes especially luxurious. big trees grow on fertile, moderately moist soils with good natural drainage. In its distribution area, small-leaved linden is found on different types soils. The best soil for her - sandy, enriched with humus. The tree will not grow in areas where groundwater is close.

The development period of the linden is very extended. Young seedlings rise slowly. Only after 7–10 years of age the trees grow more intensively and exceed 2–3 m. A tall, sprawling small-leaved linden tree is formed only by the age of 40. Mature trees thanks to strong root do not need watering. Water young plants during a long period of drought. Seedling care includes regular watering.

Linden has been widely used and continues to be used in landscaping. But a durable tree cannot stand the concentration of pollutants - in the conditions of the streets of industrial cities it lives only up to 60-80 years. Linden plantings last twice as long in city parks.

Beekeepers try to plant large groups of lindens, if possible, on the site. Thanks to lime nectar, the productivity of bee colonies increases and the quality of honey improves.

Application in landscape design

Lindens are very often planted in parks, as well as in spacious household plots. Thanks to the silky, spreading, but neatly shaped crown, the tree is very decorative. The crown is formed independently, but the tree easily tolerates haircuts and keeps the silhouette created by the garden designer for a long time. A powerful plant looks impressive in different versions of garden design.

• Lipa is a bright soloist, located no closer than 8-10 m from a residential building.
• Creates a dense hedge, practically green wall which can be trimmed at will. Hedge seedlings are placed after 2 m.
• Romantic alleys that will become more and more charming as they grow older. The distance between seedlings is at least 4 m.
• Picturesque groves of several trees.

When planting a linden, you need to remember that in 10-15 years it will spread its branches wide and take large area. Dense foliage does not allow you to pick up a wide range of ground covers.

reproduction

Linden is spread by growing seedlings from seeds, digging root cuttings, as well as layering created from low-lying branches. It may take 10 years before a young flowering tree is obtained.

• stem layering

In early spring, they dig in a part of the lower branch, strengthening it on the ground. The place is marked and watered, especially during the rainless summer periods. Rooting continues for more than one season. The seedling will be ready for planting in 2-3 years.

• Root cuttings

It is easier to propagate linden in this way, because it gives abundant root growth. A seedling with a thick lobe is selected and moved to a new site.

• seeds

Growing linden seeds is a long and rather complicated process. But as a result, you can get more than a dozen seedlings. AT natural conditions linden seeds germinate next spring, and in a year. Therefore, for germination, they must be stratified long time- up to six months. To do this, prepare a container with wet sawdust, sand or a sand-peat mixture (in a ratio of 1: 1). The seeds are deepened by 2-3 cm, the container is placed in a cold and dark place, preferably with a temperature that is kept at zero. The mixture is watered moderately all the time so that the seeds do not dry out.

In the spring, the seeds are taken out and sown on a plot in the garden. Seedlings should be covered if frost threatens, otherwise they may die. Young stickies are sensitive to moisture. They are regularly watered, the soil is freed from weeds. AT good conditions by autumn, seedlings grow up to 15-50 cm. A full-fledged seedling is obtained after 2 years. Different species have different strength of growth. small seedlings transplanted only in the spring, they do not tolerate autumn transshipment.

If seedlings are grown in containers, the substrate is prepared from 1 part of sod or garden soil, and 2 parts of humus and sand are also taken. Humus is sometimes replaced with compost.

Landing

Saplings that have grown for 2-3 years and have reached a height of 1-1.5 m are transplanted in the fall, choosing damp, cool weather.

1. Soddy soil, compost or humus and sand are prepared for the soil mixture, enriching it with 50 g of superphosphate.
2. A pit is dug up to a depth of 0.7-0.8 m, with a diameter of 0.5 m.
3. Drainage is laid below, and then the finished soil.
4. A seedling is placed on the humus, sprinkled with soil mixture and poured with water.
5. A peg is placed nearby, to which the seedling is attached.
6. Along the perimeter of the hole, after planting the trees, they arrange bumpers to retain water after watering.
7. trunk circle mulch.

When planting, the root neck of the linden seedling is left above the soil.

Care

Linden does not require special care, but some manipulations at first are still necessary.

• The trunk circle is regularly loosened, removing weeds.
• A young tree needs to be constantly watered with 20 liters of water per 1 sq. m projection of the crown, then mulch the soil near the trunk.
• For the first few years, young linden is fed with a solution of mullein with water in a ratio of 1:10. Top dressing is carried out in April or May, at the beginning and middle of summer. 25 g is also added to the mullein ammonium nitrate and 20 g of urea.
• In autumn, the seedling is fertilized with 20 g of nitroammophoska per 10 liters of water.
• In the spring, sanitary pruning of the shoots is carried out.
• The next year after planting, the seedling can be cut, shortening the branches by no more than one third.

Diseases and pests

Linden leaves can suffer from gleosporia, or cream spot, caused by a fungus. Trees are sprayed with Strobi, Abiga-Peak, Vectra fungicides. Treatment must be carried out, otherwise, if the disease persists for the next year, the tree may not bloom.

Old trees are affected by white rot, which is caused by tinder fungi developing on the trunks.

The traditional tree of Slavic villages will decorate the site long years- and will become a family tree for the memory of posterity.

It is the cutting method that most gardeners choose to propagate linden. The thing is that this plant takes root very easily and is able to grow on any kind of soil. But, of course, for the splendor of the crown and the abundance of flowering, proper care should be taken for the tree.

In the forest, the plant does not have to choose, and it grows without requiring additional feeding and processing. However, in the garden, to maintain decorative look linden tree, you need to create it comfortable conditions: clean the near-trunk circle from weeds in time, water and at least occasionally fertilize the soil.

Preparation of cuttings and soil mixture

Based on the fact that the seedlings are planted in open ground in the spring, cuttings of the plant and preparing the site for future planting should be done in the fall. The soil in the area determined for growing linden is well dug up to the depth of a shovel, fertilizers are applied to it - preferably humus or compost plus wood ash, and finally the surface is leveled with a garden rake and covered with polyethylene for the entire winter season.

It is worth saying that this tree can be successfully propagated in other ways: layering, using root shoots, seeds. But the propagation of linden by cuttings, although a rather laborious method, is used by gardeners quite often.

Cuttings are cut from an adult tree in the early morning or on a cloudy day. rainy weather- this significantly reduces the percentage of evaporated moisture from the shoot. The upper cut is carried out above the kidney at a right angle, in order to also minimize moisture loss by reducing the evaporating surface. The lower cut is made oblique, 1 centimeter below the kidney.

The main parameters for choosing branches for cuttings are diameter and length. planting material from a thin shoot it will develop very slowly, and given that the linden already blooms only a couple of decades after planting, this is unacceptable. Optimal length the handle is determined by the number of nodes, which should be at least four, this is 8-15 centimeters. For cuttings, only green and flexible shoots with fully formed leaves are used.

Each cutting is placed in a separate container with water, in which a preparation such as Kornevin or Epin is previously dissolved - these funds are designed to stimulate root formation and help plants during the period of adaptation to new conditions. After half an hour, the water from the container should be drained and replaced with fresh one - in it the shoots will wait until the root shoots appear.

It is important to ensure that in the room where the cuttings are located while waiting for the development of the root system to begin, a constant air temperature of at least +25 degrees is maintained.

Winter storage and planting of seedlings in the garden

It is not enough to be able to properly prepare cuttings from the fall, you still need to save them until spring planting, and this happens complex process especially for the beginner gardener. All shoots should be loosely tied into one bundle and placed in a container filled with wet sand, roots down. The air temperature in the room should vary from 0 to +4 degrees - it can be a basement, cellar or refrigerator, if there are few branches and they will not interfere.

Before planting seedlings in open ground, they should be placed in a container with Kornevin or Epin dissolved in water. They have proven themselves as helpers for plants that are difficult to propagate by cuttings and take root in a new place. These drugs activate the appearance and development of the roots of even the most capricious representatives of the flora, to which the linden is clearly not related.

Landing technology:

1. 1. To plant a seedling with an average height of 45 to 75 centimeters, it is necessary to prepare a half-meter hole with a diameter of the same size. The bottom layer is filled with drainage by 10-15 cm, crushed stone or brick fragments can be used as it.
2. 2. A layer of fertilizer is laid on top - humus or compost with the addition of 45-55 grams of superphosphate.
3. 3. Now it remains to plant the plant. The seedling is deepened into the soil and the remaining empty space of the pit is covered with a nutrient substrate from humus, fertile land and sand. The root neck should be located no higher than the ground level.
4. 4. At the end of the event for planting linden trees in the garden, they are plentifully watered and sprinkled around the trunk circle wood ash. AT hot weather young plants are recommended to shade from sun rays.
5. 5. For several years, it is advisable to feed the trees with nitrogen three times a season; for this, a mullein solution is optimal.

Usually, the growth and branching of plants is activated when the air temperature is set in the range from +22 to +25 degrees. To maintain the health and proper development of seedlings, it is recommended to keep the territory of the near-stem circle clean from weeds and foreign objects. Several times during the summer, you can gently loosen the ground to allow oxygen to freely reach the root system of trees.

It also makes sense to mulch plantings with sawdust - this will retain moisture, prevent cracking of the surface of the earth and the formation of a crust.

Linden is one of the most plastic, able to adapt to different conditions life, trees (especially small-leaved linden). It can exist both in the form of a large tree, and in the form of a shrub (in conditions of oppression). Linden is capable of vegetative reproduction with the help of special underground shoots, due to which it "spreads" itself. Within its natural range, it can grow on almost any soil, although, of course, it prefers fertile and well-moistened soils. Growing large seedlings in a nursery takes one to two years.

A feature of the cultivation of small-leaved linden and other species is the absolute need for special pre-sowing seed treatment or autumn sowing. Without a long (3-6 months depending on the type of linden and the quality of the seeds) keeping wet seeds at a temperature of about 0 °, the seeds simply do not germinate. In order to ensure the normal germination of seeds, you can either sow them in the fall (then cold preparation is necessary to take place naturally), or stand in appropriate conditions - for example, in boxes with sawdust or wet sand, placed in cold cellar. If you have a glacier (a cellar in which it freezes in winter thick layer ice and as a result, the temperature remains close to 0 ° in summer), then the seeds can be stored in such a glacier before planting - again in boxes with sawdust or wet sand. After such preparation, the seeds can no longer be dried, otherwise they will die - they must immediately be sown in moist soil.

In general, linden is not the easiest tree to grow in amateur nurseries, although different types lindens in varying degrees capricious. In addition to the need for pre-sowing preparation, linden is characterized by sensitivity to late frosts - shoots that appear in such frosts can easily die. Small linden seedlings are quite difficult to transplant (one-year-old seedlings should be transplanted only in spring, autumn transplant they are much more difficult to tolerate).

In addition to sowing seeds, you can use the transplantation of linden seedlings that appear under the crowns of old trees after bountiful harvest seeds. Small shoots (do not yet have true leaves, but only cotyledons) easily tolerate transplantation if it is done in cool and humid weather. At favorable conditions"Wild" seedlings can easily be dug into a whole bed. Since the germination of linden seeds occurs rather late and unfriendly, you should start looking for seedlings after the first leaves begin to bloom on adult lindens.

Linden is very sensitive to soil moisture. Therefore, in dry weather, crops must be watered. In good conditions, the height of seedlings by autumn can reach 15-50 cm (depending on weather conditions, soil and linden species.

In late autumn, when the linden has already shed its leaves, its fruits are still hanging on the tree. They fall all winter until spring. Once on the ground, linden seeds never germinate in the first spring, they lie for at least a year. For normal germination, seeds must be subjected to prolonged cooling, while in a moist state.

The tallest of the broad-leaved trees, linden, blooms in June-July with small fragrant flowers, after which hard pea fruits are formed. Suffering from aphids. Likes moisture, well-drained soils, and sunny or lightly shaded locations.

Linden blooms later than all our other trees, already in the middle of summer. Its small pale yellow flowers rich in nectar have a unique aroma. Linden is one of the best honey plants. Its flowers are known for their healing properties. Linden tea is drunk for colds.

Sometimes linden (especially European) lives up to 500-1000 years. It grows up to 40m in height and 5m in diameter.

Linden is widely bred in parks. Linden wood is soft, easy to process, goes to the production of furniture, barrels, wooden musical instruments; the bast is used for bast; the bark of young trees - on the bast - for weaving baskets, shoes, ropes.

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Linden is one of the most common trees used for urban greening. It is planted in parks and squares, serves to create alleys and hedges. Valued for its unpretentiousness, neat appearance, low-key decorative effect, thick, silky crown, pleasant aroma flowers and longevity. Today, some species of this tree are used in landscape design. A single linden with a well-formed, graceful crown, growing on garden plot or adjoining territory. Easily tolerates a haircut and retains a given shape for a long time.

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The plant is very unpretentious, can grow in shady places and in open, sunlit areas. Prefers well-drained, moderately moist soil. Improves soil properties with its own fallen leaves. Excess or lack of moisture inhibit the plant and adversely affect its development. In Russia, the small-leaved linden is widespread, the areola of which falls on the European part of the country.

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grow linden can be from seeds or using seedlings. Under natural conditions, the seeds, falling into the ground, are stored in the soil for a year until the next spring. Thus, they are stratified. With artificial stratification, the seeds are subjected to cooling in a humid environment. To do this, they are placed in a container with wet sand and stored in a cool room at a temperature not exceeding 0 ° C. The duration of stratification is up to 5 months. Sprouted seeds are planted in spring in prepared soil. Seeds can be sown in autumn without prior stratification, but their germination will be much lower.

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Planting a linden tree in autumn

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Planting a linden tree is also done in a different way. For this, seedlings are transplanted, starting to grow near perennial trees. Seedlings are dug in the forest or forest belt. They easily tolerate a transplant made in cool, humid weather. It is best to plant linden in the fall. For planting, they dig deep enough planting pits, 0.5 m wide. Humus is poured into the bottom. The seedling is placed in a hole and watered abundantly. After planting, it is necessary to form a near-stem hole so that water does not spread during irrigation, but accumulates at the locations of the root system.

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Planting of seedlings - large-sized, reaching 1.5-5 m in height, is carried out in the fall. During the season, three times a day feeding with mullein infusion is required in the spring, in June and July. Feeding is especially important in the first years of a plant's life. Shearing is already done on one-year-old trees.

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How to transplant a linden

Quite often, if transplanted incorrectly, young lindens do not take root and die. In order to save the plant and prevent damage, you should follow some rules. When digging a seedling out of the ground, it is important not to damage the root system, the damaged roots are carefully cut off. Only strong and healthy individuals grown in open, well-lit areas are suitable for transplantation.

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Excavated trees must be dug up immediately. You can not leave them in the wind with bare roots. Landing pits are prepared in advance. The roots in the hole should be free. For garter seedlings, stakes will be required, this will protect young plants from gusts strong wind and help them to establish themselves well in the ground. The trunk is tied to a peg with a soft material. Plants are placed in the hole so that the root neck remains on the surface. Sprinkling the earth to the roots, you need to immediately compact it from the edges to the center. After this, the tree should be watered abundantly, even if the transplant is done in wet weather. In order for the near-stem hole to remain wet as long as possible, it is covered with a layer of dry earth. The soil on the trunk circles must be regularly loosened.

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In spring, trees are transplanted before bud break. Planting linden in the fall is done after the end of the growing season. Subject to all the rules, the plant will take root well in a new place.

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Linden propagation: planting seedlings in autumn

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Linden is propagated by seeds and vegetatively from the shoots of an underground shoot that breaks out not far from the tree itself.

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When propagated by seeds in the spring, mandatory pre-sowing stratification is required. Without stratification, seeds usually do not germinate. In addition, this tree is sensitive to spring frosts therefore seedlings that appeared before frost may die. Small seedlings do not tolerate transplanting well; only adult annuals are recommended to be transplanted. Planting linden seedlings in autumn is more difficult to bear than spring planting. The height of seedlings by autumn can reach up to 50 cm, depending on the growing conditions and the type of linden. In the spring, a year later, the largest seedlings are selected and transplanted to permanent place. Rows of young trees are placed at a distance of up to 30 cm from each other. The first year after planting requires systematic watering. Usually seedlings gain strength within 2 years.

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Small-leaved linden tree: planting and care

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Small-leaved linden is common in the European part of Russia, Western Siberia. Differs in the increased resistance to frosts, shade tolerance and resistance to a drought. This plant is propagated by seeds, cuttings, grafting and layering.

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Despite its shade tolerance, the tree grows and develops better in well-lit areas. When planting in hedges, the distance between seedlings should be at least 2 m, in alleys and groups - at least 4 m. Sod, compost and sand are suitable as a soil mixture. Top dressing is done in early spring a solution of mullein, ammonium nitrate and urea. In autumn, nitroammophoska is used.

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Loosening is carried out to a depth of 10 cm simultaneously with the removal of weeds. The trunk circle is mulched with peat or wood chips. In early spring, drying branches are pruned.

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This type of linden is suitable for landscaping cities, as it tolerates air pollution well. Used for planting in parks. The main advantage of the tree is a dense, beautiful crown, easily moldable.

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There are only about 50 species in the world. Flowering and fruiting of trees of different species occurs in different time. In the first years, young individuals grow slowly. Intensive growth is observed at the age of 7-10 years. During this time, seedlings reach a height of 2-3 m. To accelerate the growth and flowering of Manchu and large-leaved linden trees, their cuttings are grafted onto the stock of small-leaved linden. Grafted plants begin to bloom at the age of 5-6 years.

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Linden is a long-lived tree, so lime plantations are used for up to 200 years without renewal.

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Linden - genus woody plants, trees or large shrubs belonging to the Lime family. Modern botanists consider the genus as a subfamily within the Malvaceae family. In nature, the linden tree grows in temperate and subtropical zones, in broad-leaved and mixed forests in North America, Europe, and Asia. When the linden blossoms, the forests are filled with honey aroma, and the air is filled with the buzz of bees.

Since ancient times, linden has been valued for its healing properties and used as a powerful medicine. The benefits of linden for human health are so strong that even in the modern world, when the pharmaceutical industry is quite developed, linden is used to treat the most various diseases. In medicine, they use: buds and flowers of linden, bark, linden honey.

Our website has a detailed article about medicinal properties, contraindications and collection.

Lindens are large deciduous trees up to 40 meters high. It's nice to see how the linden tree looks like: a dense, beautiful, dense, easily shaped crown, pleases the eye. Linden leaves are simple, alternate, shaped like a heart, with grooves along the edge, pointed. In addition to a beautiful crown, the linden has fragrant flowers, lemon hue, collected in corymbose inflorescences.

Linden blossoms for two weeks in July. The tree blooms in natural conditions at the 20th year of life, and in plantations - only after 30 years. At the time of linden blossom, the air is filled with a light delicate honey aroma, which is felt far beyond the boundaries of linden gardens and parks.

Linden fruits are single-seeded nuts. The seeds are tiny, about the size of a pea. Fruits-nuts are collected several on separate stalks. Each such stem is equipped with a special wing, thin and rather wide. This wing helps the seeds to scatter over long distances. It is easy to remember what a linden looks like, it can always be distinguished from other trees. In summer on heart-shaped leaves, in early spring on crimson young twigs with buds, silky bark. root system trees strong, deep.

Plants can reach a respectable age, but to the question: “How many years does a linden live?” there is no clear answer. Lindens are known, which are up to 800 and even 1000 years old. In the forests where linden grows, other plants also thrive, since the falling leaves of lindens are a nutritious fertilizer. In addition, linden is a well-known honey plant. Linden honey is considered one of the best.

Species and varieties

There are about 45 species and over 100 hybrid varieties lindens. The most common: heart-shaped linden or small-leaved linden, large-leaved linden, Amur linden, felted linden or fluffy linden, Siberian linden, European linden, bush linden.

American (black)

Linden American

The American linden or black linden is a heat-loving tree up to 40 meters high. The crown is wide, oval, the bark is inky black. The leaves are oval-shaped, wide, up to 20 cm long, heart-shaped at the base, with notches along the edges. The flowers are large, collected in drooping inflorescences of 6-15 pieces, up to 1.5 cm in diameter. Representatives of this species grow rather slowly.

Amurskaya

Amur linden

Linden Amur is a graceful tree up to 30 meters high. The crown is dense, compact, oval in shape. The bark of young plants is glossy, brown-purple, in adults it is dark smoky, with longitudinal cracks. The leaves are shaped like a heart, with grooves along the edges, up to 7 cm long. fragrant flowers milky or lemon shade are collected in inflorescences of 5-15 pieces.

Yellowing "Glenleven"

Linden yellowing

Linden yellowing is decorative tree up to 15 meters high, with a wide pyramidal crown. The bark is rough, smoky in color. The leaves are large, rounded heart-shaped, olive in color, with dark veins and a purple-gold "spray" on top. In autumn, the leaves take on a straw color. Representatives of this species bloom profusely, fragrant golden flowers. Linden grows quite quickly, prefers dry, drained soils. The tree loves sunlight, but can tolerate light partial shade.

To maintain the yellowing linden crown in a picturesque state, it is recommended to prune at least once every five years.

Felt (Silver) or Fluffy

Linden felt

Felt linden or fluffy linden is a stately tree up to 30 m high. correct form, broad pyramidal or oval. Linden silver has the main hallmark: the leaves of the tree are rounded, up to 12 cm long, with sharp unevenly serrated edges, dark olive above, covered with a light fluff at the beginning of development, white on the underside, covered with villi. In bright sunlight, the edges of the leaf curl up a little, showing a silvery underside, creating an original contrast of dark green and silver sheen. Closer to autumn, the leaves turn yellow and remain on the tree until winter.

European

Linden European

The European linden is a tree up to 40 meters high, the crown of which is a wide oval shape. The leaves are rounded, with a heart-shaped base. Representatives of this species grow quite quickly.

Caucasian

Linden Caucasian

Linden Caucasian - a tree up to 40 meters high, with a rounded or wide ovoid crown. Young shoots of Caucasian linden are purple-red. The leaves are large (up to 14 cm long), wide, oval. The upper side of the leaves is dark green, the back side is dark gray, with tufts of whitish hairs near the veins. Drooping inflorescences with light yellow flowers. Flowering is plentiful.

https://youtu.be/JVlLpRyGVCA

large-leaved or flat-leaved

Large-leaved linden

Large-leaved linden (flat-leaved linden) is a tree up to 35 meters high and up to 20 meters wide. The crown of large-leaved linden is initially conical or wide, ovoid, later rounded. The main branches are vertical, side shoots horizontal. Linden broadleaf has large leaves, which bloom 14 days later than the small-leaved linden, but pleases with flowering two weeks earlier. The flowers are lemon-milky, collected in inflorescences of 2-5 pieces.

Manchu

Linden Manchurian

Linden Manchurian is a tree up to 20 meters high. The crown of the correct form, rounded. Representatives of this species are similar to specimens of the Amur linden, but differ in larger leaves and flowers. Flowering is beautiful, plentiful.

small-leaved (heart-shaped)

small-leaved linden

Small-leaved or heart-shaped linden (tilia cordata) is a tree up to 30 meters high and up to 15 meters wide. Small-leaved linden has synonymous names: lutoshka, bast, lubnyak. The crown of the tree is initially conical, later ovoid. The main branches grow diagonally or vertically, side shoots bend and hang down in the lower part of the crown.

Linden heart-shaped has green glossy, with back side dark gray, leaves with a serrated edge. In autumn, the heart-leaved linden pleases the eye with beautiful light lemon leaves. The young branches of the representatives of the species are covered with satin bark, the old ones with deeply cracking bark of a smoky gray color. The flowers are fragrant, with bracts, light straw in color, collected in semi-umbels. The fruit is a nut with one seed. Blossoms in July, fruits ripen in October. One of the common varieties of this species, bred specifically for urban landscaping, is the variety of small-leaved linden Greenspire.

An advantageous feature of the Greenspire variety is that the representatives of the variety grow in height two times less than the species small-leaved linden. They have a more compact and dense crown, better tolerate low humidity air and soil.

ordinary

Linden ordinary

Linden ordinary is an elegant tree up to 40 meters high, a natural hybrid of small-leaved linden and large-leaved linden. The crown of the tree is wide, shaped like a pyramid. Flowering time begins in July.

Siberian

Linden Siberian

Siberian linden is a tree up to 25 meters high. The bark of old trunks is dark, with cracks. Young shoots are dark purple or brown-amber, glabrous, with small rounded lenticels. The tree blooms in the second half of July, the duration of flowering is two weeks. Linden honey is light, almost white, with delicate aroma linden flowers, excellent quality. Refers to the best varieties. It differs from others in late flowering and high winter hardiness.

Japanese

Linden Japanese

Japanese linden is a tree up to 20 meters high. It grows in East Asia, in broad-leaved subtropical forests. The young bark is smooth, brown, the old one is grooved, dark. The crown is high, compact, oval in shape. The leaves are small, 5-7 cm, oval, olive on the outside, gray on the inside, with hairs in the corners of the veins. Flowering occurs in July or August for 14 days. The flowers are tiny, in large numbers collected in drooping inflorescences. The fruits ripening by September are round, even, fluffy nuts. Representatives of this species grow rather slowly. The species is frost-resistant, is exclusively honey plant. Japanese linden tea has proven itself as a flavored green tea.

Care

Linden lives longer if you follow some rules for caring for it. Trees can suffer from drought, so regular and proper watering is very important in hot, dry summers.

After planting seedlings of the plant and during the first two years of their development and growth, nitrogen fertilizers must be applied to the soil.

The culture withstands shade, so it can be planted in secluded areas of the garden.

Trees thrive in fertile, well-drained soils, do not tolerate soils with accumulated harmful salts, and thrive best in lands with lime content (neutral to alkaline). The root system of the plant is sensitive to compaction.

Trees withstand frost, quickly adapt to change climatic conditions. Trees are pruned a year after planting, in the spring, shortening by 1/3 to form side shoots, and in the fall, the overgrown linden is trimmed. Culture reaches full development only by 20-40 years.

Diseases and pests

The plant is quite resistant to diseases and pests. Unfavorable growing conditions can provoke diseases. Diseases most often affecting the tree: perforated and black spot (control methods: burning fallen fruits and leaves as sources of infection, treatment of shoots with 1% Bordeaux liquid), white rot (copper-containing preparations are used to combat).

Pests that can harm a tree: bedbugs, scale insects, silkworms, gall mites, bark beetles, pipe beetles and others. To combat these pests, young plants are sprayed with insecticides. In addition to insects, birds and rodents can harm the culture.

Linden planting

The tree propagates both by seeds and vegetatively (layers, shoots, cuttings, grafting). For planting linden in hedges on the site, it is better to propagate it by layering.

Trees are planted in hedges in a line, wavy, checkerboard pattern. Saplings and seeds of the crop can be purchased at garden centers or order online.

from seedlings

Before planting, you should decide on the final place of growth, height and shape of the tree crown. Too dense planting inhibits their development, leads to the creation of an unfavorable microclimate with stagnant air, reduces the penetration of sunlight, and makes trees susceptible to the effects of diseases and pests. If you put the plant in water for a couple of hours before planting, it will better tolerate the lack of water during planting and the further growth process.

Before planting a seedling, the soil must be prepared in advance, fertilizing and hilling. It is necessary to check whether the soil is too moist, whether it is frozen. Linden is quite tolerant of slight damage to the root system, but, nevertheless, landing is done carefully.

First of all, for seedlings, they dig a planting hole with a depth of at least 50 cm. When digging landing pit take into account the volume of the root system, so that it is freely placed in the pit, and the lateral root branches do not break and are not pinched. It is recommended to remove the top fertile soil layer, set it aside separately from the main mass of the earth, so that at the end of digging in the planting pit, lay it in its original place. The bottom of the landing pit should be well loosened with a shovel or fork, then a layer of drainage is laid. It can be pebbles, rubble or broken bricks.

Add compost, which is mixed with drilling flour with superphosphate. Under no circumstances should fresh manure be introduced. Compost plays significant role in nutrient metabolism in the garden, is one of the best and cheapest sources of humus.

Non-rotten waste is not suitable for compost: artificial materials different kind, rubber, metal objects or glass.

Suitable for compost: chopped grass stems, cut branches of trees, bushes, bark. Use kitchen waste: peel and trimmings of vegetables, fruits, coffee grounds, chopped eggshell. Over time, soils become depleted and, if additional organic or inorganic fertilizers are not applied, soil fertility will be greatly reduced.

In the process of planting plants, sometimes one has to deal with a situation where the roots are firmly fastened to the surrounding clod of earth. In such a situation, it is necessary to remove the dead or damaged parts of the roots by cutting them off smoothly from the main root system, shortening only such segments and branches that are too long and do not fit in the prepared pit. Before planting a lump on the roots of seedlings, it is necessary to water well. After that, a seedling is lowered into the pit, covered with a soil mixture: soddy soil, humus, sand. The root neck of the seedling is placed at the level of the soil, it can be slightly lower. After planting, an irrigation circle is formed around the seedling with a mound 5 cm high. The bowl-shaped hole around the seedling is covered with rotted manure or covered with a mulch layer. This will protect the soil from excessive drying out and provide seedlings with nutrients. After planting, the plants are watered abundantly. After the earth settles, it is recommended to strengthen the tree with a supporting wooden stake.

seeds

Propagation of linden by seeds is a long process: from the moment of sowing to obtaining young tree may take up to 12 years. Before planting, the seeds of the tree are subjected to stratification (keeping in the cold). To do this, the seeds are poured into a box with wet sand or sawdust, put in a cold dark place for six months. Periodically, the contents of the box are moistened. The second method of stratification: seeds to a depth of 3 cm are placed in a mixture of peat and sand (1: 1). If the seeds are dried before planting, they most likely will not sprout. It is recommended to move them into the ground without cleaning them from the substrate in which they were located, so as not to damage them and preserve the formed microflora. In spring, seeds are sown in open ground, fertile and loose, the strongest of them will germinate.

To obtain seedlings that are guaranteed to take root in open ground, linden seedlings are grown indoors. Seeds are planted in rows, the distance between which should be about 15 - 20 cm. They are buried in the soil by about 1 cm and covered with a layer of earth, lightly tamping it, moistening it. Then the seed trays are covered with a plastic lid or film. With diffused lighting and air temperature of +18…+22°C, seedlings should be expected no earlier than after 14 days.

Plantings are watered regularly, trying to keep the soil slightly moist. The germination of linden seeds, unfortunately, is quite low. Plants appear slowly and not at the same time. Shelter made of film or glass during seed germination is periodically removed to remove the condensate formed on it. When a large number sprouts begin to remove the shelter for a couple of hours a day, gradually increasing the time spent by sprouts without covering material. During the entire germination period, it is important to maintain a constant air temperature of approximately +20 ... + 23 ° C, to allow a sufficient amount of scattered sunlight get into the plants.

Seedling care consists in timely watering and careful loosening of the soil. At first, it is necessary to prevent direct sunlight from reaching seedlings - elevated air temperature and rapid evaporation of moisture will inevitably lead to the death of seedlings. After 2 - 3 weeks after the emergence of seedlings, they must be thinned out by removing weak specimens. So that the plants do not interfere with the further growth of each other, they are seated in individual containers, that is, dive.

Linden seedlings do not tolerate transplantation well, so this procedure must be carried out subject to a number of conditions. Transplantation is done in soil of similar composition and together with a clod of moist earth to minimize the possibility of damage to the roots. Best to use peat pots, in which it will be possible to plant seedlings in open ground in the future.

The end of spring or the beginning of summer is a favorable period for planting seedlings on the site, when warm weather finally sets in.

Linden is a rather unpretentious tree and can grow in almost any soil, but for young seedlings it is recommended to choose a more fertile piece of land. The lighting on it should be bright enough, but without direct sunlight at noon, which is especially important for the southern regions.

When growing seedlings, it must be remembered that linden loves moisture, it is advisable not to allow the soil to dry out for a long time. It is also necessary to regularly loosen the earth and remove weeds. Seedlings aged 1-2 years are transplanted to a permanent place, preferably in the autumn.