Connection of pipes made of polymeric materials. Types of connections of pipelines and fittings. Connecting pipes with fittings: features and technology

In the construction of pipelines, various types of pipe connections are used. In order to simplify installation and increase the reliability of the joints, some manufacturers produce sockets equipped with fixed connecting rubber rings. Further, we propose in our article to consider in detail what pipe installation work is and what is required for this.

Detachable pipe connection methods

All plumbing pipe connections can be divided into 2 types:

• detachable;
• one-piece.

The choice in favor of one or another type is based on what material the pipes are made of. Detachable pipe connections are divided into flanged and coupling.

Flanged connection method

Flange connection is used when connecting PVC pipes. In this case, flange fasteners made of cast iron with a rubber gasket are used. The sequence of work is as follows:

1. at the junction, the pipe is cut, the cut should be perfectly even, the chamfer can be omitted;
2. a free flange is put on the cut;
3. the rubber gasket is inserted so that it protrudes from the cut by 10 cm;
4. the flange is superimposed on the gasket and connected to it with bolts with counter flanges;
5. bolts are fixed without any extra effort.

Coupling method of connection

For connecting non-pressure and pressure pipes, as well as during the repair of the pipeline, the pipes are connected by a coupling joint. The coupling is installed in the following order:

1. the ends of the connected elements are cut at an angle of 90 0;
2. a coupling is applied to the place of alignment, the central part of which should be exactly at the junction of the pipes;
3. marks are applied to the pipes indicating the position of the coupling;
4. the connected ends of the pipe and the coupling are treated with a special lubricant from the inside;
5. one of the pipes is inserted into the coupling to the limit;
6. then the pipes are installed so that their longitudinal axis is one, joined, the coupling is pushed onto the second pipe, according to the line applied to it at the beginning of the installation.

General rules for the installation of pipelines

In practice, the connection of pipeline elements is as follows.

Installation is carried out manually. A crowbar serves as a lever for positioning the pipes; a wooden gasket must be provided between it and the pipes. If the lever is not able to cope with its task, experts advise using a jack.

After the construction of the pipeline, the correct placement of the sealing gasket in the socket is checked. A thin metal plate (0.5-0.8 mm thick) is inserted between the socket and the smooth end. The plate should touch the rubber ring. Next, the plate moves around the circumference of the pipe, and as a result, the location of the ring in the socket is estimated: the distance from it to the plate must be uniform over the entire circumference.

If the installation or repair of the pipeline is carried out at sub-zero temperatures, special care should be taken in work and only silicone grease should be used.

Pro tip: If the installation of the pipeline by the socket method is carried out in a residential (warm) room, then the smooth end of the pipe and the socket can be lubricated with liquid soap.

One-piece pipe connection methods

Socket connection method

Socket connection sewer pipes refers to non-detachable types of connection. With one-piece methods, the separation of the pipeline elements is carried out in violation of the integrity of the fastener or pipe. It is carried out by gluing or welding. Using this method, follow the instructions:

1. the socket with the rubber ring of one pipe and the smooth end of the other are subject to connection. The marked parts are cleaned of dirt, the absence of various damages is checked on them. The rubber gasket in the socket must be placed correctly and not have any defects. The chamfer is removed from the smooth end;

1. the surfaces to be joined are lubricated with silicone grease, after which the deposition of dust and dirt on them is unacceptable;
2. the location of the combined pipes is regulated (they must have one longitudinal axis), the smooth end is inserted into the socket;
3. the depth of advance is marked on the pipe with a mounting mark, beyond which it is not recommended to push the pipe.

Connection by welding

Not detachable connections, as mentioned above, are performed by welding or gluing. Currently, there are two types of welding:

• butt;
• socket

When welding pipes into the socket, the welding machine simultaneously melts the outer part of the smooth end of one pipe and the inner surface of the socket of the other. After the pipeline details are quickly connected.

Butt welding involves melting the ends of the pipes to be joined and connecting them with the application of moderate pressure.

Welding pipes is a very difficult job that requires specialized equipment. Because of this, not all types of welding are available for home use. The most common of them are arc and gas electric welding. Before starting welding work, preliminary preparation is carried out.

Preparatory measures include washing the oily parts of the pipes with a solution of caustic soda (caustic soda), then with warm water. The places of the future connection are processed with a file (edges are cut off) and a solvent.

Operating principle welding equipment, producing gas welding, elementary. The gas, when burned, forms a flame that melts the filler material and forms a welded joint. A wire is used as filler material, which is laid in the distance between the pipe surfaces to be joined. By means of gas welding, metal and polymer pipes can be connected.

In electric arc welding, pipes are connected using consumable or non-consumable (carbon or tungsten) electrodes. If non-consumable electrodes are selected, filler material is also injected.

Qualified welding work guarantees the absence of fistulas and other flaws, and the welded joint is hardly noticeable.

Pro tip: The welding method of connecting with a pipeline element gives a more reliable and durable connection compared to gluing.

Pipe bonding

There is another way to make a permanent connection - adhesive connection pipes. If you decide to resort to this method, for this you will need a special glue that will coat the glued pipe edges. Depending on which surfaces are to be bonded, The following types of glue are used:

• for connecting metal and polymer parts - epoxy glue;
• for plastic and metal pipes- BF-2;
• "metal + rubber" or "rubber + rubber" - 88N.

Gluing is used to connect PVC pipes to each other. Do it in the following sequence:

• The surfaces of the pipes to be joined are sanded, degreased with a special compound based on methylene chloride.
• The degreasing kit may include a special adhesive for PVC sewer pipes, which degreases and slightly dissolves the pipes for a stronger and more durable connection.
• Then the prepared edges of the pipes are covered with a swab or brush with glue and inserted into each other. At correct connection at the junction, a roller of glue stands out.
• Lubricate the pipe joint again with glue to ensure high tightness.

Various methods of connections between pipes are necessary for the arrangement of pipelines that ensure the transportation of liquids or gases over long distances. One of the most common ways in this case is a threaded connection, which often has to be dealt with in household, household, industrial and other areas.

Varieties of pipe connections

In general, all methods of connections between pipes can be divided into two types: threadless and threaded.

Threadless connections include:

• All types of welding (acetylene, hydrogen, propane, electric welding, inert gas welding, fusion polymer pipes by heating, etc.);
• Gluing pipes with a two-component adhesive, sometimes also called “ cold welding". This method is more often used for polymer tubular products, but can also be used for steel pipes if the pressure of the transported liquids or gases in them is not too high.
• Flange connections used in cases where the structure needs to be made detachable.

As for threaded pipe connections, they are carried out both by direct connection of pipe products to each other, and through threaded tees, adapters, taps, couplings and other additional devices.

To some extent, a union nut can be considered a special version of pipe connections, which on the one hand provides a threaded connection, and on the other - a threadless one. But it would be more correct to say that there is simply a combination of two different ways.

Types of threaded connections between pipes

Like threadless methods, threaded pipe connections can also be detachable and non-detachable. Although, it would seem, any threaded structure can in principle be disassembled, there are situations when two pipes connected by a thread are additionally welded to fixed surfaces, which prevents them from being separated. In this case, we speak of a one-piece threaded connection.

However, the situation described above is rather an exception; in general, threaded methods are considered as detachable types of pipe connections. There are several varieties, but the largest practical use find two: squeegee and bidirectional thread.

The connection by means of a drive is used in cases where the pipes are motionless relative to their own axis, and one of them has a long threaded section, and the other has a short one (read also: ""). A lock nut and a coupling are screwed onto a pipe with a long thread. Next, the coupling is driven from a long thread to a short one to the very end, being pressed from the other side with a lock nut.

Bi-directional threading is carried out by using one sleeve screwed onto two pipes at the same time. Pipes connected in this way must have different orientation threads so that the coupling, twisting, pulls them together.

Methods for sealing threaded pipe joints

Sealing pipe connections is necessary to prevent leakage of liquids and gases, and in the case of threaded connections, it can be done in several ways:

• Use of pads. This method requires a sufficient thickness of pipe cuts at the ends. Pipe ends themselves usually do not provide a hermetically compressed connection, but the use of gaskets makes it possible to eliminate this problem. In particular, this sealing option is often used in union nut connections.
• Winders for carving. With this method, the thread is sealed by tying all sorts of winding materials: polymer threads and tapes, pipe compounds and other types of hardening sealants, sealing pastes and lubricants, natural or artificial fibers, etc.
• Sealing by deformation of materials. This option is used in plastic pipes pipelines low pressure connected with a thread. A plastic pipe, equipped with an external thread, is screwed with an emphasis into another, in which the thread is located inside. With this screwing, the plastic undergoes deformation and fills the intermediate threaded space well, leaving practically no gaps.

As for the connection of high pressure pipelines, here it is usually used conical type threaded pipe connections (read also: ""). With this method, as it is screwed in, one pipe is pressed against the other more and more tightly, leaving almost no intermediate gaps between the threaded grooves. However, additional sealing is still required for such pipes, and especially durable varieties of synthetic sealants are used here.

Advantages and disadvantages of threaded pipe connections

Different types of pipe connections have their own specifics, pros and cons. are no exception and threaded connections pipelines, which also have certain advantages and disadvantages.

The main advantages of threaded pipe connections are as follows:

• suitable for connecting pipes with various diameters;
• assembly does not require much experience and special professionalism, it is enough to have little skills in this area;
• there is no need for a set of special tools, and a simple wrench;
• the connection is resistant to high axial loads;
• convenient in the event that subsequently it is necessary to dismantle the structure;
• when using seals and observing the installation rules, it provides good tightness and reliability of the connection.

Disadvantages of threaded connections between pipes:

• in the absence of a thread on the product, it may be difficult to apply it, and for this there is a need for special tools;
• rapid thread wear with frequent disassembly and assembly of the connection;
• in some cases, there is a need to use locking means that prevent the gradual self-unscrewing of the thread.

The pros and cons of certain connections between pipes determine the preferred areas for their use. AT in general terms, we can say that all types of pipe connections are in demand, and the choice of one method or another in a particular situation depends on a number of factors, such as technical capabilities, material of manufacture, the availability of the necessary skills, tools, the need for certain properties of the connection, etc.

Sometimes, when installing communication systems, you have to combine elements made of different materials. Especially often in construction practice there is a connection of plastic pipes with metal pipes, for which you can use different methods.

We will tell you how to connect the plastic section of the pipeline to an existing steel or cast iron system with maximum reliability. We have described in detail the technologies that make it possible to ensure tightness during docking. The article shows the fixtures and tools necessary for the job.

Usually, when laying plumbing, sewer or other systems, builders try to use the same material. However, in some cases it is impossible to do without combined structures. Most common causes are the following.

Planned replacement and urgent repair work . Pig-iron communications, which are equipped with houses built several decades ago, are gradually failing. With time metal elements become corroded or clogged, requiring them to be replaced routinely or in an emergency.

It is quite natural that in this case, old cast-iron or steel pipes are replaced with polymer pipes, which are less expensive and easier to install.

In old houses with long-established communications, modern polymer pipes are often connected to metal (usually cast iron) risers.

Construction. The process of individual or public erection houses is connected with the laying of heating mains, sewerage, water supply. Often by mounting various systems different organizations are engaged in, due to the inconsistent work of which several types of pipes are supplied to the construction site - both from metal and from plastic.

Special cases. In some situations, the combination of dissimilar materials is an urgent need, for example:

• pipeline connection to technological equipment, the high temperature of which low-melting plastic products cannot withstand;
• laying of the highway in areas subject to increased loads such as under busy roads or when driving out of a garage. In this case, more durable metal elements are laid in difficult areas, and polymer ones in the rest.

As we can see, the need to combine different types pipes occur quite often.

Types and characteristics of pipes

For the correct connection of pipes made of various kinds materials, you should know the main types and properties of such products.

Option #1: metal

Such elements, which differ in hardness and mechanical density, are able to withstand considerable loads. Common disadvantage metal products is the high cost.

Metal pipes made of copper, steel, cast iron have high rates of rigidity and strength, but are not always able to resist corrosion, and are also prone to clogging

Among the most common options are the following types of pipes.

Cast iron pipes. The most popular material, which is characterized by good durability, durability, as well as a relatively budget price.

Special types of pipe connections

In some cases, it is advisable to use fasteners with other types of fittings. Consider two options for such work.

Fastening with a special coupling

Enough a simple detail You can not only buy in building materials stores, but also do it yourself.

The device consists of the following parts:

• housing made of cast iron or solid steel;
• two nuts, which are located on two sides of the part;
• rubber gaskets to seal the connection;
• four metal washers, which should be located in the inner cavity of the coupling.

The parameters of all elements must correspond to the diameter of the pipes on which they will be used.

Instructions for use: insert the ends of the pipes up to the middle of the coupling, passing them through the gaskets, washers and nuts, and then tighten the latter strongly so that they squeeze the gaskets.

Mounting with a clamp coupling (Gebo fitting)

The joining of metal and polymer pipes using a thread gives a guaranteed tight seam, but this method is not always possible.

With a small length of the metal pipe or its junction with horizontal surface it is advisable to use a clamp-on coupling, which is also called a Gebo-type fitting (for example, HEBO-QUIK).

Clamp coupling (Gebo fitting) is especially recommended for the installation of dissimilar pipes located in places that are difficult to access (for example, close to the wall)

Such a device consists of the following parts:

• corps;
• fastening nuts;
• clamping, clamping and sealing rings.

The work does not require special skills, special equipment or a long time.

Procedure:

• Clean the edge of the metal pipe from dirt and old paint.
• Unscrew the coupling completely.
• Sequentially put on a cast-iron or steel element all fasteners, while sealing ring should be at a distance of 1 or more centimeters from the end of the product.
• Insert the end of the metal pipe into the body coupling, move all available rings to it, and then tighten the bolt.
• An “American” fitting should be attached to the thread on the other side of the coupling, having previously soldered a polymer pipe to it.

To check the strength of the fastener, you need to carefully pull the element, holding the pipe to which it is attached with your hand. The fitting must not move along the structure. If it reacts to your touch, you should tighten the thread more tightly. Movement in this case will mean that you have chosen the wrong size, as a result of which the coupling does not fit tightly on the pipe.

The process of connecting metal (cast iron, steel) and polymer pipes requires certain strengths and skills. Regardless of the type of fastener, for flawless joints it is important to select the right parts right size and carefully follow the instructions.

Pipeline installation involves connecting pipes according to common project pipeline system. Exist a large number of pipes made from various materials, and according to this criterion they have individual connection methods. We will consider how to connect the pipes correctly below.

Pipe connection methods - a brief description

There are two main types of pipe connections:

• sectional;
• one-piece.

Before deciding which of them should be preferred, it is necessary to find out what material the pipes are made of, which are subjected to connection.

There are two types of connection in a detachable way:

• flanged;
• coupling.

Flanged pipe connection is appropriate if the material for the manufacture of the pipe is polyvinyl chloride. In this case, it is recommended to use cast iron flange fasteners, in the lower part of which there is a rubber gasket.

To carry out this connection method, perform a series of actions:

1. Draw a sample of the pipe at the point of its connection, achieve a perfectly even cut.

2. Place one end of the flange on the cut surface.

3. Paste rubber gasket so as to get a protrusion of 10 cm.

4. Put the flange on the gasket and connect them with bolts and mating flanges.

5. Use the special tool to secure the bolts.

Threaded pipe connections are used for both pressure and non-pressure pipes. To install the clutch, follow these instructions:

1. Cut the two ends of the pipes at right angles.

2. In the place of their joining, install a coupling, which should be located in the middle between the pipes.

3. Put marks on the surface of the pipes that will indicate the location of the coupling.

4. Treat with special lubricant internal surfaces pipes and couplings.

5. Install one of the pipes into the socket.

6. Install the second pipe in such a way as to obtain a single longitudinal axis, join the pipes and put on the second pipe according to the markings indicated in advance.

In addition, there is a classification of methods for connecting pipes according to the material from which the pipes are made, they distinguish between connecting parts from:

• plastic;
• metal;
• cast iron;
• polypropylene.

Each of these materials is different. individual features connection and requires a special approach in carrying out this process.

If we consider the connection procedure from a practical point of view, then the installation work should be carried out manually. A crowbar is used as a lever that sets the positional position of the pipes; a crowbar is located between it and the pipe wood spacer. If it is impossible to use a crowbar, it is recommended to use a jack.

When the pipeline is built, it is necessary to check the evenness of the installation gaskets. They have the form of thin metal plates, which are located on the section of the socket and the smooth end of the pipe. plate, in without fail in contact with the rubber ring. Further movement of the plate is associated with the circumferential part of the pipe.

When connecting metal pipes in this way, be especially careful and use silicone grease.

Tip: When making a connection using the bell method in a residential building at a positive temperature, the silicone is replaced with liquid soap.

This connection method is one-piece and involves the complete merging of two pipes. It will take a lot of effort to separate such a pipeline, and in the end, the integrity of the entire pipeline will be violated.

Instructions for using the socket pipe connection method:

1. Two parts are connected, one of which is a socket with a rubber ring, and the second is a pipe with a smooth end.

2. Two areas should be pre-cleaned of contamination. Inspect for defects or minor damage.

3. Follow up correct location rubber pad.

4. Remove the chamfer on the smooth end of the pipe.

5. Lubricate the two areas to be joined with silicone grease. Keep them free from dirt or dust.

6. Level the pipes and connect them so that the smooth section fits into the socket.

7. The installation depth should be marked on the surface of the pipe in advance.

Pipe connection technology by welding

Among the welding methods for connecting pipes, two options should be distinguished:

• docking;
• bell-shaped.

The second option involves melting the outer part of one of the pipes and the inner part of the second pipe. After this happens fast connection two elements.

The butt connection is made by melting two identical sections of pipes and their further connection, which is carried out with the application of certain efforts.

The pipe welding procedure is very hard work, which requires special skills to work with a welding machine. There are certain types of welding that involve this process. The most popular are arc and electric options.

Before starting work, you should preparatory work, which consist of flushing contaminated pipe sections with caustic soda and warm water, trimming the junction with a file and processing it with special mixtures, in the form of solvents.

Gas welding is based on the combustion of gas, the formation of a flame, which contributes to the melting of the filler material and the formation of the welded joint. The wire is a filler material that fills the gap between two pipes. The connection of steel pipes and the connection of plastic pipes is carried out using gas welding.

Electric arc welding promotes connection using electrodes of a consumable or non-consumable type. When choosing the second option, the presence of filler material is required.

With qualified welding of pipes, fistulas and other flaws are absent, and the connection is almost imperceptible.

Tip: When making a connection to a pipeline that is under constant pressure, it is better to use the welding method, as it is of higher quality and more efficient than gluing.

Joining polypropylene pipes by gluing

This method is one-piece, so the pipes after such a connection cannot be dismantled without damaging their integrity. To implement it, you will need a special glue, which is applied to specially treated pipe edges.

There are several types of glue suitable for different surfaces pipes:

• epoxy type glue is used when gluing parts made of metal or polymers;
• glue B F2 - used when connecting metal pipes;
• glue called 88 N - connects rubber pipes with each other and with metal.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the instructions for connecting PVC pipes to each other:

1. Pre-prepare the surface of the pipes by sanding and degreasing with special formulations containing methylene chloride.

2. In addition, it is possible to apply special glue when gluing sewer pipes. Its main function is to degrease and delaminate the pipe section that can be glued. The use of this composition significantly increases the strength of the connection.

3. Using a cotton swab or a brush, cover the surface of the pipes with glue, and then insert them into each other. If the connection is made correctly, then small drops of glue will come to the surface.

4. Already connected pipes should be smeared with another layer adhesive solution. This procedure will make the junction more durable and tight.

Tip: The use of pipe adhesive should be characterized by minimal contact of the adhesive with oxygen, as it adversely affects its quality.

This method of connection has the advantage that almost immediately after applying the adhesive, further operation of the pipeline is possible.

Methods for connecting pipes made of different materials

To connect PVC pipes with other types of pipes, it is necessary to use special adapters, fittings or seals.

We offer you to familiarize yourself with the options for connecting plastic pipes:

• to connect a plastic pipe with a socket located on a cast-iron pipe, double sealing equipment is required;
• to connect a socket on a metal pipe with PVC pipe a standard seal is sufficient;
• with the help of a connecting pipe, the connection of plastic pipes with ceramic pipes is ensured;
• the procedure for connecting a smooth fiberglass section to a plastic pipe requires a connector and a section made of rubber;
• in order to connect the fiberglass pipe on which the socket is located, it is necessary to use rubber hose and a corrugated ring;
• under cast iron pipes make special connectors.

Connecting pipes with fittings: features and technology

Before proceeding to the direct connection of metal pipes, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the advantages of using them:

• a high level of strength is the most important advantage of using steel pipes, such pipes are able to withstand the most high pressure and temperature;
• cost - affordable, when comparing prices for plastic or alternative views pipes and metal, their cost is approximately the same;
• the service life of steel pipes reaches half a century;
• when using galvanized pipes, they are practically not subject to corrosion;
• withstand temperatures above 210 degrees Celsius;
• resistant to mechanical damage and heavy loads.

There are two ways to install metal lines:

• sectional;
• one-piece.

The first option is based on the use of fittings, and the second on welding or gluing pipes together.

There are a large number of fittings, among them there are details:

• crosses;
• corners;
• couplings;
• tees;
• locknuts;
• adapters;
• plugs;
• fittings.

The connection of metal pipes with fittings is carried out by a threaded method. If it is absent on the pipe, apply special tool or lathe, for her equipment.

Fittings are:

• metal;
• brass;
• copper;
• cast iron;
• steel;
• chrome-plated;
• made from stainless steel.

These details allow not only to connect pipes with their further disconnection, but also involve the connection of pipes of various sizes and shapes.

The use of threaded fittings is common on pipelines with a diameter of not more than 5 cm.

Using the welding method is quite laborious process, which requires the availability of qualified equipment and a specialist for its implementation. Using fittings allows you to get a connection excellent strength, faster and easier.

In relation to the method of connecting the fitting to steel pipe they are divided into parts:

• welded type;
• threaded type;
• flange type;
• crimp type.

The presence of a smooth end highlights the details of the first type. Threaded fittings are connected using a screw thread.

The most popular are crimped or threaded type parts, as they involve repeated use and a simplified installation procedure.

Compression type fittings include a ferrule, nut and body. Recommended for use on plastic or metal-plastic pipes. Also suitable for metal pipes as a temporary connection.

This type of fitting implies repeated use in everyday life. The connection process with a compression fitting is based on pressing a rubber gasket and a clamping ring to the surface of the pipe using a nut. Thus, it turns out to create a tight connection.

This method is less powerful than the above. Its disadvantages include low level resistance to mechanical influences. In addition, the connection is leaky and is capable of passing hot water. Since the operating temperature of the rubber ring should not exceed one hundred degrees, and with constant exposure high temperature it stretches and reduces tightness.

Flanged fittings are either welded or threaded. With their help, quick installation and dismantling of the pipeline.

Additional sealing of the threaded connection

If the pipeline is assembled using a detachable threaded method, then the use of special tape FUM. It is recommended for use in the installation of pipelines for heating, gas or sewer systems.

The temperature range for using tape for sealing is from -40 to +200 degrees. Fluoroplastics are the basis this material. The substances included in its composition are resistant to alkali, acid and other substances that have an aggressive effect.

To seal threaded connections, the use of tape is required, the thickness of which is from 0.07 to 0.1 mm. Its surface should be smooth and elastic.

Video pipe connection:

Today, during the construction of pipelines, a variety of types of pipe connection. Quite often, to simplify installation and increase the reliability of the connection, some manufacturers produce sockets which are equipped with fixed rubber connecting rings. Let's take a closer look at the pipe installation process and what is needed for this. You can use the pipe calculator to calculate pipe weight or pipe length.

Detachable ways to connect pipes.

All connections plumbing pipes can be divided into two types. Such as the:

• One-piece;
• Detachable.

It should be noted that one or the other type must be chosen depending on the material from which the pipe is made. In addition, detachable pipe connections are divided into coupling and flanged.

A connection called a flange is used during the installation of PVC pipes. In this case, it is necessary to use cast-iron fasteners with a rubber gasket. For the right flange connection you need to follow the following sequence of work:

• Cut the pipe at the junction, you can not chamfer, but the cut must be perfect;
• Put a free flange on the cut;
• Insert the rubber gasket so that it protrudes 10 cm from the cut;
• Place the flange on the gasket, then connect it with bolts to the mating flanges;
• The bolts must be fastened without applying excessive force.

Coupling method of connection.

It is used only during the installation of pressure or non-pressure pipes, as well as during the repair of the pipeline. The order of work is as follows:

• Cut off the ends of the connected elements at an angle of 90 degrees;
• Attach the coupling to the junction so that its central part lies at the junction of the pipes;
• Apply marks to indicate the position of the coupling;
• From the inside, process the coupling and the ends of the pipe;
• Insert one of the pipes;
• Install both pipes so that their longitudinal axis is the same. Push the coupling onto the second pipe, according to the mark made at the beginning.

One-piece ways of connecting the pipeline.

One-piece methods differ in that during the separation of the pipeline, the integrity of the pipe or fastener is violated. The above method: can be divided into several types:

• bell-shaped;
• Fasteners by welding;
• Pipe bonding.

Carries out in several stages.

• First, you need to clean the socket with the rubber ring of one pipe and the smooth end of the other pipe from dirt. A rubber gasket that does not have any defects must be placed correctly. Then remove the chamfer from the smooth end.
• Secondly, with the help silicone lubricant bonding surfaces must be lubricated.
• Thirdly, adjust the placement of the pipes and insert the smooth end into the socket.
• Fourthly, you need to push the pipe only up to a special mounting mark.

Pipe welding.

Today there are only two varieties pipe connections by welding: butt and socket. If socket welding is selected, then the welding machine must simultaneously melt the inside of the socket and outer surface smooth end. After that, the pipes are quickly connected.

Butt welding is the melting of the ends of both pipes and their connection with the application of some pressure.

It should be noted that pipe welding is not an easy task, which requires special equipment. That is why not all welding methods available for home use.

Arc and gas electric welding is the most common. But before starting all welding work, preparation must be made. First, it is necessary to flush all oily parts of the pipes with caustic soda (caustic soda) and warm water. At the place of the future connection, an edge is cut off, which is subsequently processed with a solvent.

The principle of operation of any gas welding machine lies in the fact that the gas during combustion forms a column of flame, which melts the filler material and forms the so-called welding joint. Wire is most commonly used as filler material. Using gas welding, polymer and metal pipelines are connected.

arc welding differs in that the connection occurs when using non-consumable or consumable electrodes. If non-consumable electrodes are selected, filler material must be used.

It should be noted that welding work performed by a highly qualified specialist will be able to provide the highest reliability of the connection.

Pipe bonding.

Another method of permanently connecting pipes is also available today, which is called adhesive bonding. To use this method, specialized glue is required, since the edges of the pipes to be joined will be smeared with it. Considering the materials that will be glued, the following types of glue are used:

• "metal + rubber" or "rubber + rubber" - 88N;
• For metal and plastic pipes- BF-2;
• Epoxy glue - for joining polymer and metal parts.

To connect PVC pipes need:

• Sand and degrease specialized tool methylene chloride based pipe ends;
• Using a brush or swab, cover the edges of the pipes with glue and insert into each other. If everything is done correctly, then a roller of glue will stand out at the junction;
• To ensure tightness, once again coat the joint with glue.

The main advantage of this kind of pipe connection is that after a short period of time the pipeline can be used.

How to connect pipes from different materials.

To connect polymer pipes with parts made of other materials, specialized adapters, sealing elements, and fittings are used. Let's look at how plastic is combined with other materials:

3. Connection to the socket of a ceramic pipe.