How to organize the care of an orange tree at home. Orange tree. Flowers, fruits and leaves

Its fruits, of course, in comparison with ordinary oranges, are many times smaller, but taste qualities and the composition of useful substances does not suffer at all from this.

Description of the orange and the beneficial properties of fruits

The orange plant is the most common citrus crop in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Tall tree from the rue family, growing up to 9 meters, with an almost spherical dense crown. Young branches are ribbed, there are thorns in the axils of the leaves. Leaves with short petioles, oval, entire, leathery.

The flowers are white, solitary or growing in bunches, fragrant, with abundant nectar. The fruits are almost spherical, rarely ovoid or slightly compressed, yellow-orange with a thin, well-separated peel. Grown in different climatic zones, therefore flowering and fruit ripening occurs in different time of the year.

The plant began to be cultivated about 4000 years ago somewhere in South or Southeast Asia. It is known that in China it was grown as early as 2200 BC. The orange is currently the most widespread citrus crop in the world.

Most of all it is grown in the USA, Brazil, Spain, Italy, Japan. As a houseplant grown in different climatic zones.

The beneficial properties of orange fruits are due to the fact that they contain vitamins C, B1, B2, B6, P, provitamin A, fiber, phytoncides, pectin and nitrogenous substances, carbohydrates, mineral salts. Flavonoids, terpene aldehydes, and essential oil have been found in orange peel.

Growing conditions and care for homemade oranges

Growing oranges is possible from the seed of a ripe fruit. Soak the seeds overnight in water, and then plant them 1-1.5 cm deep in a loose substrate. Composition: 2 parts of turf, 1 part of leafy soil, 1 part of humus or peat and 1 part of sand. You can plant them directly in peat. After that, cover the pot with foil. Shoots will appear in about 1 month. Keep the pot in a dark and warm place. After the appearance of 2 true leaves, pick the seedlings, then repeat it 2 more times.

A necessary condition for growing oranges at home is bright diffused light during the summer. With prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, foliage burns can occur.

Very thermophilic, will feel great on solar loggia summer. In winter, it needs rest, the temperature is 12-15 ° C. Watering. Like any tropical plant, high humidity is essential.

When growing an orange from a stone, frequent spraying is necessary in summer and remoteness from a heating battery in winter. Apply any complex fertilizer at least once a month.

An orange grown from a seed must be grafted in order to obtain fruits.

In nurseries, you can buy already grafted trees.

Orange care must be thorough and constant: spraying, watering, loosening, pruning old branches, pinching young ones and pruning thin long shoots that dry out in winter.

From dressings, an orange needs combined mineral and organic fertilizers, and in specialized stores you can also buy special fertilizers for citrus fruits.

When caring for homemade oranges, it is important not to forget that these plants are demanding of light and heat. The process of budding, flowering and fruit formation is best achieved at an air and soil temperature of + 15 + 18 ° C.

Orange needs bright diffused light, but be sure to shade from direct sun in spring and summer during the hottest hours. A suitable place is the east and west window.

In spring and summer, it should be watered abundantly 1-2 times a day, and in winter it should be watered moderately - 1-2 times a week. warm water. The soil should be neither dry nor excessively wet. Since October, watering is reduced.

For watering it is better to use soft water. You can soften water by adding nitric or oxalic acid. You can also use vinegar or vinegar essence.

Needs repotting every year in new soil.

Growing homemade oranges in a greenhouse

To grow oranges in a greenhouse, fill medium-sized pots with good drainage holes at the bottom with rich soil. Use soil with a decent amount of humus and add a large handful of clean sand to each pot, which is about 25 centimeters in diameter.

Water the loosely packed soil before planting the seeds. Plant the seeds at least 2-3 centimeters below the soil surface. When using small seed pots, plant one seed per 5 cm pot.

Place the plant pot in the sunny part of the greenhouse. If your greenhouse is not sunny, use greenhouse grow lights or a 100W light bulb at least 1 meter away from the plant for four hours a day. Make sure that the temperature in the greenhouse does not fall below +5 degrees Celsius. Citrus fruits prefer a temperature of at least +10 degrees.

If the winter in your area is not sunny, and funds allow, consider additional greenhouse lighting. If the plants in the greenhouse receive at least 5-6 hours of direct sunlight per day, supplementing with full spectrum bulbs or special greenhouse fluorescent lights will probably make your plants feel much better and therefore produce more fruit.

If plants in a greenhouse receive less than 5 hours of direct sunlight per day, more sophisticated greenhouse lighting systems may be needed. This site is an excellent source useful information about the types of equipment for lighting greenhouses. On this site you can also buy lamps for lighting greenhouses.

Keep the soil moist with a sprayer during seed germination. They should germinate within three to four weeks. A greenhouse is an ideal place to grow citrus fruit indoors because it collects condensation naturally.

Water the plants, but don't let the roots sit in standing water. Let the leaves grow for at least six months before you start pruning.

Transplant seedlings from tiny pots to larger pots when the roots are strong enough to transplant. Six months is an approximate time for transplantation. Trees in a greenhouse can grow from 2.5 to 7.5 meters tall depending on the variety and growing conditions. Once fully established, trees grow best in large pots.

If you use grow lights in the winter, rotate the tree from time to time so that the light doesn't only shine on one side of the plant.

Diseases and pests of indoor oranges

If the orange is sick, the new leaves become smaller, the old ones turn yellow and fall off, there is no flowering, the fruits do not set - the plant is not enough nutrients, need to be transplanted into nutrient soil.

In diseases of oranges, yellow spots appear on the leaves or the edges of the leaves turn yellow, the leaves fall prematurely. This can happen due to over watering. Remember that watering should be moderate, i.e. the soil should have time to dry out. Plant disease is also possible with irregular watering, when watering is either more or very little.

Dry shriveled leaves may appear due to sunburn or defeat.

Sudden fall of leaves - a consequence of waterlogging of the soil, lack of light in winter, watering cold water, low indoor temperatures in winter, excess nutrients in the soil, or cold drafts.

Shields: brown plaques on the surface of leaves and stems, suck out cell sap. Leaves lose color, dry and fall off. Buds and flowers dry, fruits fall off.

Control measures. It is difficult to mechanically remove scale insects from a large tree, so you need to spray it with an insecticide as carefully as possible. Good results gives a 0.15% solution of actellik (1-2 ml per liter of water), karbofos or deciss can be used.

: appears when the air is too dry - a cobweb appears on the stems in the internodes, the leaves and buds become lethargic and fall off. The fruits fall off.

Control measures. The plant is washed with soapy water, and after it dries, washed under a warm shower. If the defeat is not strong, then this is enough. With a very strong pest attack, an orange can be sprayed with a 0.15% actellik solution (1-2 ml per liter of water).

Varieties of oranges "Washington", "Marheulsky" and "Valencia"

There are about 300 varieties of orange, among which there are three main groups: ordinary, blood or red oranges and neve - umbilical.

Description of plant varieties orange from the first group has one common feature- in all forms, the fruits are light yellow, the juice is almost colorless, seedless varieties are rare. In varieties of red orange, the pulp and juice are colored red of varying intensity.

Nevels are distinguished by the fact that instead of a seed, a second, smaller fruit is contained inside the fruit, and the top of the main fruit resembles a navel in shape, the color of the pulp and juice may be different, but most often it is yellow. In addition to them, there are many different hybrid forms.

Below are photos and names of varieties of oranges with descriptions.

Washington orange- these plants of Brazilian origin reach a height of only 2.5 meters in their homeland at a mature age. It stands out among other varieties in that its fruits, which ripen in winter, do not have seeds, and the juicy pulp is covered with a thick peel, which is easy to peel. It is one of the most popular varieties in the world.

Fruits with orange flesh, pitted, can remain on the tree for up to three months without reducing their quality. Blossoms in spring, ripens in 6-7 months.

The plant prefers full sun, fertile but well-drained soil, and moderate watering.

Orange variety "Mmarkheulsky"- This dwarf form varieties of Washington brought. A low growing tree with short shoots and soft spines. Leaves oval to elliptical, dark green, 5-15 cm long. Flowers white, fragrant, 4 cm long, solitary or in racemes; bloom in the spring. The fruits are large, sweet, with a characteristic navel and bright orange fragrant skin. The height of an adult bush is up to 1.5 meters. The seedling is grafted from an adult plant. Height 20-40 cm. Grows every day.

Orange variety "Vvalencia" originated in Spain, but today it also grows in other countries specializing in the export of oranges. The fruits of this variety are distinguished by a thin peel of bright orange color with small red spots. The flesh of the fruit is also bright orange and also contains red blotches.

Varieties of red orange "Tarocco", "Gamlin", "Korolek" and their useful properties

Red orange 'Tarocco' has a characteristic pigmentation due to the anthocyanin substance, the amount of which varies depending on the variety and degree of maturity. Studies have found that regular consumption of juice rich in this substance significantly reduces fatty deposits in the liver (a consequence of a diet rich in saturated fats), and also lowers plasma cholesterol levels.

Flavones are substances necessary for the restoration and maintenance of connective tissue, making bones and teeth less fragile, as well as for strengthening blood vessels and capillaries. Therefore, the orange should become an indispensable element of the diet for those who suffer from cellulite, varicose veins and hemorrhoids.

Also beneficial features red oranges are explained by the fact that their fruits contain a high content of magnesium, which is indispensable for the heart muscle, and which is a natural sedative, acting directly on the nervous system. Potassium - improves blood circulation and thereby lowers blood pressure. Selenium strengthens cell membranes and protects against the damaging effects of free radicals.

Tarocco is widespread in Sicily.

Variety Gamlin. Common orange. The tree is short, compact. The fruits are medium (weight about 300 g), slightly flattened at the top, with a shiny orange peel, few or almost no seeds.

Variety Korolek. A typical representative of the king group. The tree is undersized. The crown is pyramidal. The fruits are medium or smaller than average with dark orange skin and red coarse-grained flesh. There are few seeds.

Many of us remember well the times when every self-respecting housewife tried to grow a real lemon at home: she took care of the plant, watered and cut it for many years, hoping to pick the cherished fruit. But everything is changing, and sweeter citrus fruits have replaced the traditional lemon - today we'll talk about how to grow an orange tree at home.

If we talk about the irrigation regime, then the indoor orange is not much different from its wild-growing relatives, preferring moderate watering: you can’t flood the plant, but the drying of the earthy coma will not do him any good. In the autumn winter period When most indoor plants are at rest, watering should be significantly reduced by moistening the soil once every 7 days, or even less often - 2 times a month.

The homemade orange tree is light-loving plant- in order to make the plant bloom, and eventually bear fruit, it must be provided with a sufficient amount of sunlight. Mature plants easily tolerate direct rays, but young, fragile oranges, it is better to protect them from the burning rays of the sun.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that an orange at home is best placed on an insulated, heated loggia facing the southeast or south side.

orange tree care

Caring for an orange tree is largely due to its homeland - this plant came to us from the subtropics, therefore, does not like too much high temperatures. AT summer time the culture feels great if the temperature range is observed at the level of 20–24 degrees Celsius, however, a homemade orange is able to withstand short-term increases without loss and up to +30 degrees. With the coming of winter temperature regime must be brought in accordance with the season, and lowered to 14 degrees Celsius.

When growing an orange tree, it is important to provide it with proper care: at home, it should be sprayed daily. It is especially important to adhere to this requirement in the summer, when the air around warms up to a temperature of +25 degrees and above. If the room is cool, spraying an orange at home is carried out much less frequently - about 1-2 times in 7 days. With the advent of winter, this procedure should be completely abandoned - otherwise, rotting of the leaves can be provoked.

How to care for an orange so that the plant can feel comfortable and delight you with fruits? Everything is very simple - it is enough to ensure its existence in accordance with conditions close to its historical homeland:

• with the arrival of spring, as soon as you notice the first signs of the imminent appearance of buds, raise the temperature to +18 degrees;
• for the whole summer, a pot with an orange tree can be taken out on Fresh air, providing him with regular watering and spraying, not forgetting to shade from direct sunlight (especially true for those specimens that are not yet 3 years old);
• orange tree is extremely sensitive to slightest change conditions of detention - from fluctuations in the level of humidity to the position of the plant relative to the light source. Try not to turn the pot more than once every 10 days, and no more than 10 degrees.

Fertilizer and watering

1 time in 14 days you need to feed an orange - at home ideal option will become a complex tool for citrus crops. Caring for the plant, in accordance with the stated rules of dressing, should be during the growing season (from May to September). From the first days of October, any top dressing should be stopped - in winter, the orange lives in some semblance of suspended animation, being in a state of complete rest.

It is also important to ensure optimal level humidity - if it is insufficient, the tips of the leaves may dry out on the plant. As for root irrigation, the earthen ball should be kept slightly moist, avoiding excessive moisture stagnation or, conversely, drying out.

Pruning and crown shaping

If not regularly pruned, an orange will usually not bloom. Moreover, the crown of such a plant has an unattractive appearance. A flowering orange must go through all the stages of formation: flowers are formed only on branches of a certain age and order. In other words, if the crown is not formed, and the tree grows unpruned, the plant will not bloom.

Active formation of the crown occurs before the tree reaches 3 years. At young plant you should leave a few of the strongest shoots of the first order, shortening them to 20 cm in length, and cut off all the rest. Branches of the second order are shortened by the same length, and the third and fourth orders involve cutting only 5 cm. That's all, the formation of the crown is almost over. You just have to remove weak shoots at the beginning of each next year, gradually giving the orange crown the desired shape and proper appearance.

Transfer

During the first 3 years of life, the tree should be transplanted into a larger container annually, then this procedure is carried out once every 3 years.

Try not to transplant a fruiting orange at the time of the formation of the ovaries and the pouring of fruits - it is better to carry out this procedure before the start of the growing season. Relocating your orange to new pot, do not forget about the organization of a high-quality drainage layer.

Protection against diseases and pests

No matter how old your tree has been growing, it is equally likely to be attacked by pests or disease-causing infections. True, weakened plants, which were not provided with optimal conditions existence. If we talk about diseases, then the greatest danger to oranges is root rot, scab, sooty fungus. All of them are provoked by excessive watering, therefore, in order to prevent the development of ailments, you need to follow the recommendations for care.

If we talk about pests, then the most frequent "guest" on oranges is an annoying scale insect. If you notice traces of her presence, immediately spray the tree with the appropriate insecticides.

As you can see, growing an orange at home is not at all difficult, you just need to follow the recommendations of professionals, and your citrus pet will live next to you for many years, delighting you with its fragrant flowers and delicious fruits.

Fragrant and tasty citruses can not only be bought in the store, but also grown independently. Orange tree has many varieties and some of them are suitable for home cultivation in pots. It is important to know the rules of cultivation and care in order for the plant to be accepted and developed.

What does an orange tree look like?

This type of citrus is cultivated plant, and got it by crossing tangerine and pomelo. The tree is evergreen with a compact dense crown. The description of the orange tree includes the following information:

1. Dimensions are directly related to the variety, so tall varieties reach a height of 12 m, and dwarf ones - 4-6 m. There are also indoor plants that can be from 60 cm to 2.5 m.
2. The root system is superficial, and it does not have hairs through which other plants receive moisture and useful material. Instead, at the tips of the roots there are special cases in which there are fungi that exist in symbiosis with the plant. They transfer moisture and nutrients.
3. The orange tree has dark green leaves that have a pointed oval shape. Inside them are glands filled with aromatic oil, which is identical to the flowers of this plant.

How does an orange tree bloom?

This plant has large bisexual flowers, which reach 5 cm in diameter. The color of the five petals is often white, but a reddish tint may also be present. In the center is a long single pistil, which is surrounded by stamens. yellow color. Flowers are collected in a brush of about 6 pieces, single options are rare. The flowering of the orange tree occurs only when certain conditions, and flower buds set in March-April will open only at a temperature of 16-18°C. The blossoming bud falls off in 2-3 days.

How to grow an orange tree?

There are several varieties that can be used for indoor growing, and the following three options are the most popular:

1. Pavlovsky. In height, this variety reaches a maximum of 1 m. It can be propagated using cuttings. fruits ripen long time during which it is important to provide special care.
2. Gamlin. If you are interested in how to grow an orange tree at home, then you can choose this variety, whose height reaches 1.5 m. The crop can be harvested in the fall, and the fruits are juicy and sweet-sour.
3. Washington Navel. Most popular variety which is suitable for home use. The height of an orange tree can reach up to 2 m. It is worth noting an interesting advantage - during flowering, pleasant aroma. The fruits can be harvested from the age of three. The fruits are large.

How to plant an orange tree?

In order to grow citruses on your windowsill, you need to prepare the seeds, which should only be fresh, that is, not dried.

1. Having collected planting material, be sure to rinse it, and then leave it for 8-12 hours in water so that they swell.
2. To get an orange tree from a stone, planting must be carried out in loose soil or peat. You need to deepen the seeds by 1 cm. Be sure to cover the container with a film or cover with glass to create a greenhouse effect.
3. Place the container in a shaded, warm place. Periodically water the ground and ventilate the plantings. Sprouts should appear after a month and a half.
4. After that, it is recommended to expose the container to the light (direct rays of the sun are dangerous). It is important to provide seedlings with a long daylight hours. To do this, you can use special lamps.

soil for orange tree

For successful cultivation this plant great importance has soil quality. To do right choice Please consider these recommendations:

1. If you are interested in where the orange tree grows when it is still young, then it is better to choose this composition: 2 parts of turf and 1 part of leafy soil, humus and sand. Experts advise collecting sod land in gardens.
2. For an older tree, it is better to use this soil composition: 3 parts of turf, 1 part of leafy soil, humus and sand. You can add some oily clay.
3. It is recommended to ensure that the selected soil has a pH of 6.5-7.
4. Be sure to remove all unnecessary impurities from the prepared soil, such as pebbles or roots of other plants.
5. The finished soil mixture must be left to mature for at least 14 days.

How to graft an orange tree?

When the plant begins to develop well, it will be possible to prune to form a beautiful crown. After 6-8 years, flowers may appear, and the fruits are likely to be small and bitter, so it is important to vaccinate. In the instructions - how to grow an orange tree at home, there is compulsory procedure, implying the grafting of a bud or branch of a cultural garden plant. It is better to carry out the procedure when the plant is already 1-3 years old.

How long does an orange tree grow at home?

The duration of plant growth depends on proper planting and care. If you focus on natural conditions, then in the subtropics, 4 years should pass from planting seeds to the appearance of fruits. In order for an orange tree in a pot to begin to bear fruit, they are grafted and then after 3 years it will be possible to harvest. Life cycle this culture is approximately 75 years old.

How to care for an orange tree?

1. Lighting. The pot is best placed in a place with diffused lighting. In cold weather, it is recommended to use artificial lighting up to 12 hours.
2. Temperature. Suitable for summer time room temperature, and in winter it is necessary to maintain indicators at the level of 10-18 ° С. It is important to regularly ventilate, but exclude drafts.
3. Humidity. For an orange tree, home care in hot weather includes daily spraying using soft, settled water. In winter, the air is dry, so increase the humidity by all means.

How to water an orange tree at home?

There are a few soil moisture tips to keep in mind:

1. They judge whether it is necessary to water according to the condition of the soil. It is important not to allow the earthen coma to dry out completely. To determine the moisture, squeeze a lump of soil, and if it crumbles, then water it.
2. To water a small orange tree, it is not recommended to use tap water because it contains a lot of alkali metal and chlorine. It should be boiled or you can take hot water from the tap.
3. The liquid must be settled for at least a day in open ground that will remove the chlorine. If possible, water is recommended to be taken from a well, lake or stream.
4. In winter, the orange tree is at rest, so the intervals between watering should be increased.

What to feed an orange tree?

For good growth, flowering and fruiting, it is necessary to fertilize in spring and summer, and this should be done once every two weeks. It is important to fertilize the day after watering. Fertilizers for the orange tree are poured in until it starts to flow out of the drainage holes of the pot. Can be used special additives designed for citrus fruits or take options for indoor plants.

Many will be surprised by the fact that adult plants, whose height is at least a meter, can be fed with fish broth once a month. It is believed that this can enhance fruiting. Take 200 g of fish waste or small fish (not salted), pour 2 liters of water and boil for 30 minutes. After that, the solution should be filtered and diluted with cold water.

Pruning an orange tree

When the height of the plant reaches 20 cm, it is recommended to pinch off 2-3 leaves from the top. Thanks to this, side branches will begin to develop, forming a beautiful crown. They are considered branches of the first order, and if you cut them off (4-5 branches of 20-25 cm each should remain), then branches of the second order will begin to form (their length is not more than 25 cm) and so on. Using this scheme, you can form an orange tree in the apartment to your liking. It is important that many branches of the fifth order form on the bush in a few years, since fruits will form on them.

How to transplant an orange tree?

It is better to carry out such a procedure in spring or autumn, when the root system will not be subject to temperature shock. You can transplant the plant into a pot or directly into the ground. It is important to do everything carefully so as not to damage the root system.

1. Dig a hole of the right size. Adding soil improvers and compost is not recommended unless the soil is very sandy or clayey. Remove the homemade orange tree along with the clod by turning the flowerpot over and pre-moistening the ground. Install it in a hole, fill it with earth and tamp it down. Please note that top part The root ball should be 2.5-3 cm below the surrounding soil.
2. When choosing a pot, keep in mind that its size should be twice as large as the root ball. The process is similar to the previous one, that is, the orange tree should be transferred to a new container. It is impossible to carry out the procedure more than once every 2-3 years.

Diseases of the orange tree

This culture is influenced a large number fungal diseases, but it should be noted that weak plants that do not receive proper care. There are tips on how to save an orange tree:

1. Root rot appears due to excessive watering and stagnation of liquid in the pot. The disease develops imperceptibly until the moment when the leaves begin to fall intensively. In this case, the plant only needs to be transplanted, removing rotten roots.
2. Soot fungus appears on leaves and branches in the form of a black coating. It is removed and be sure to ventilate the room. It is recommended to reduce the intensity of watering.
3. Scab on an orange tree appears on the leaves in the form of dark bulges. As a result, they fall off, and the bark cracks. To remove the problem, you must use or other fungicides. Spraying is carried out in the spring or after flowering. It is important to remove diseased leaves and branches and burn them.
4. Wart provokes the formation of growths on the shoots, and on the leaves - gray warts. For the fight, you can use Bordeaux spray for spraying after wintering, flowering and in the middle of summer.
5. It is worth noting that a tree can be affected by almost all pests and appear more often than others. To fight you need to carry out spraying.

Orange tree - citrus evergreen perennial rue family, grown in subtropical climates and does not tolerate negative temperatures. The growth of the orange tree in a warm climate continues constantly, the plant is medium-sized, can grow up to 7 m in height when open cultivation. meet and undersized varieties up to 3 m. Thermophilicity and low demands on conditions make it possible to successfully grow oranges at home. orange tree at home at good care will be able to bear fruit and reach a decent size.

Many domesticated, specially bred varieties of the orange can bear fruit all year round and have minimum size crowns. These varieties (for example: Washington Navel, Kinglet, Gamlin) allow you to get a small crop of oranges at home on a regular basis. And three or four plants can create the feeling of a citrus garden in a room.

Planting an orange at home.

Propagation of orange trees is carried out in two ways: cuttings and seeds. Both methods have their pros and cons. First, the planting material must be found somewhere. With seeds, everything is simple - we go to the store and choose the first fruit we like. As with growing avocados at home, the orange fruit must be ripe, have a uniform orange. Almost all orange fruits contain seeds suitable for germination. You need to get cuttings somewhere: ask a friend who already owns a homemade orange, you can buy a ready-grown seedling in a store, or, for example, bring a cutting from a vacation from the subtropics by cutting off a sprig of an orange growing in the open field.

Orange planted at home from seed, more strong plant. It will grow better and adapt to new conditions, more unpretentious to diseases, the tree will acquire a beautiful crown, which cannot be said about plants planted by cuttings. However, keep in mind that an orange grown from seed will have slightly different biological characteristics than its parent. Planting by cuttings causes 100% transfer of the genetic material of the parent tree. And the last thing that can affect the choice of how to plant an orange at home is the beginning of fruiting. A tree from a seed will begin to bloom and bear fruit with sufficient care at the age of 8-10 years, cutting method reproduction cuts this period in half.

Growing an orange tree from seed.

Take the formed seeds from the orange fruit correct form. Use as a guarantee several pieces from different fruits, so as not to sow only non-pollinated or immature seeds. Plant immediately after seed extraction, in small pots or long boxes spaced 5 cm apart and 3 cm from the walls. As soil, use a mixture of peat and flower land in a ratio of 1:1, with good drainage.

Deepen the seeds by 1 cm and maintain a constant soil moisture, avoiding overflow. The optimum temperature for germination is 18-22 degrees. Orange sprouts at home will appear in about 2 weeks. From the hatched oranges, select the strongest, most powerful, with right leaves. Carry out growing under a small glass jar - to create a microclimate. Place the pots in a bright place, but without direct sunlight. Once a day, remove the jar for half an hour to refresh the atmosphere around the orange.

After the appearance of two true leaves, transplant healthy specimens into separate pots, 10 cm in diameter, lay out good drainage. When transplanting, try to keep the roots intact and the peat mixture around them. For soil, use a substrate of humus and flower soil. In this pot, the orange should grow to 15-20 cm, then the next transplant will be needed.

Propagation of an orange tree by cuttings.

As cuttings, choose stems with a diameter of 4-5 mm and a length of about 10 cm. The cut should be made under the kidney from below, and above the kidney from above. On the handle you need to leave 3-4 live buds and 2-3 leaves. For a greater effect, the stalk must be treated with a root growth stimulator, and placed 1/2 length in water for 3 days. For rooting cuttings house orange plant them in boxes or pots with soil consisting of a mixture of humus, coarse sand and flower soil in equal proportions. Plant the cuttings in a compacted substrate to a depth of 3x-4x cm. Initially, the branches have no roots, this does not allow the plant to get enough moisture from the soil, so the orange tree requires daily spraying of the leaves with water. The soil should be well moistened, but do not allow acidification. The optimum temperature for rooting is 20-25 degrees. The final rooting occurs after 30-45 days. Then the homemade orange tree can be transplanted into a separate small pot.

Growing conditions and care for homemade orange.

To grow an orange tree at home, soil endowed with a good supply of nutrients should be used. For these purposes, a flower mixture, which can be purchased in stores, or soil from your summer cottage treated with boiling water and enriched with humus, is suitable. Be sure to lay out drainage from expanded clay or charcoal. When watering, do not allow stagnation of water and rotting of the soil. At the same time, you need to ensure that the entire earthen lump is moistened, otherwise the tree will begin to lose roots and hurt. Watering is required about twice a week. The soil must be completely saturated with moisture, and then it must dry out. When acidified, the earth must be replaced. The recommended utensil for growing an orange is a clay pot. It is quite moisture permeable and this property helps to regulate soil moisture, clay absorbs and evaporates excess water through the outer surface.

Orange loves light, so a grown tree needs direct Sun rays but no more than 2 hours a day. Orange at home does not like to be moved to a new place, so you need to find a permanent place for it from the very beginning. house tree in the southern bright room. To form a beautiful crown, you can turn the pot of orange, but every day at a small angle so that the plant has time to turn around. Every year, as the home orange grows in size, it needs to be transplanted into larger pot. New crockery should be slightly larger than the previous one by 3-4 cm in diameter. When transplanting, an earthen ball with roots should be taken out with minimal damage and moved to a larger pot, and the difference should be filled with fresh soil. A pot of 8-10 liters in volume can be left as a permanent one, and transplants can be replaced with top dressing, while at least twice a year you need to renew the topsoil.

Comfortable temperature for growing orange: 17-28 degrees. Orange, like any indoor plants, does not tolerate drafts. Homemade orange needs to be sprayed with water several times a week to maintain optimal humidity. AT heating season daily spraying is required.

For an aesthetic look orange at home it is necessary to take an active part in the formation of the crown. In the first year of life, the tree produces a single shoot up to 30 cm high. In the second year before the start active growth- in the spring, you need to cut off the top of the shoot with secateurs or scissors, leaving only about 20 cm. This will force the tree to release lateral buds. Next, remove the lower kidneys, leaving only the top 3. Of these, the skeletal main branches of the home orange crown should be formed. The following year, do similar manipulations with second-order lateral branches, stimulating branching. Often cutting off the central shoot of an orange does not give the desired result, the tree releases the only new shoot from above, then you need to cut the shoot again along with the upper kidney, and if the length allows, then from the second. The orange tree acquires a pretty appearance when the branches develop up to 5-6 levels. In the future, it will be enough to cut off individual rapidly growing shoots, or remove them altogether.

At caring care after a few years, an orange grown at home will bloom. Move pollen to form ovaries cotton swab from the anther to the sticky stamen. If quite a lot of fruits are formed, then some will need to be removed, otherwise the tree may die from exhaustion. For normal growth, one fruit should correspond to 10-15 leaves. Try growing your homemade ornamental Pink Banana from seed and get it to bear fruit.

Tell your friends about it.

The word orange comes from the Dutch appelsien, which literally translates as "Chinese apple"

In Latin, the name of this plant is written as Citrus sinensis. In Russia, this fruit is grown on the Black Sea coast.

There are many lovers in our country exotic plants who grow orange trees in greenhouses and city apartments.

There are large plantations of orange trees in United States, Spain, Italy, China, Turkey, Egypt, Morocco, India, South Africa and in other countries where there are territories with a subtropical and tropical climate.

In our article, you can learn about the origin of the orange, the birthplace of the plant, whether the orange is healthy and much more.

general description

Orange is a tree that belongs to the genus citrus of the rue family.

An orange tree reaches a height of 3-12 meters or more, it lives and bears fruit for decades.

The orange flower is white and fragrant. Flowers are arranged in groups, usually six in one inflorescence, in some varieties they are protected by axillary shields.

The progenitors of this plant (pomelo and mandarin) once grew exclusively in eastern Burma and southwestern China. These places are the birthplace of the orange.

The fruit of an orange is a spherical or elongated fruit, which consists of several lobes, inside of which there are seeds. The flesh is covered with a thick orange or orange red(in some varieties yellow or green).

INTERESTING! From a botanical point of view, the fruits of the orange tree simultaneously fit both the definition "fruit", so "multiple berry".

The pulp of the fruit has a peculiar citrus smell and a sweet and sour taste, it contains sugar, up to 2% citric acid, many useful trace elements and vitamins (A, C, vitamins of group B). Ripe fruit diameter varies different varieties and ranges from 5 to 12 cm.

The peel of the fruit contains orange oil, which has been used for centuries as an aromatic additive in perfumery and as a natural flavoring for confectionery products.

The crown of all varieties of trees is compact and rounded. Branches often have thin, straight spines. Orange leaves are dense, thick, leathery, dark green, they have an elongated, oval shape. The leaves are 5-7 cm long and 2-3 cm wide.

Like all trees growing in the tropics and subtropics, the orange takes root deep into the soil, which makes it possible to grow this fruit in conditions of periodic droughts.

INTERESTING! There are cases when orange trees grew and fruited up to 150 years.

Species and varieties

The orange tree was obtained by crossing the mandarin and pomelo hundreds of years ago. Behind long years experiments breeders have bred hundreds of varieties of wood. Among them there are types of oranges that can grow not only on agricultural plantations, but also in a greenhouse or a city apartment. Consider the most common varieties of orange - photos of plants.

Sicilian orange

In Sicily, since the 18th century, several varieties of orange with dark red, purple and beet-red flesh have been bred. These are the Tarocco, Sanguinelloi and Moro varieties, which was recently bred. It is believed that the red color of the fruits is given by the chemical elements of soils of volcanic origin. All similar varieties of oranges are united by the name.



Washington Nevil (Washingtoh Navel)

The Washington Nevil variety has large, weighing up to half a kilogram, spherical or elliptical fruits with a relief, rough or smooth skin. The peel of the fruit is usually thick (4-6 mm), it is orange, yellowish-orange, reddish-orange.

Sweet and sour cellular pulp has nice smell. The flesh is also colored Orange color. The fruits usually have a "navel", which is essentially a secondary fruit. This variety is very prolific both on plantations and in a greenhouse or apartment. The fruits do not contain seeds Therefore, the plant is propagated exclusively by cuttings.

REFERENCE! At , the Washington Nevil variety is resistant to shading, but bears fruit only on sunny side.



Valencia Late

The fruits of this common orange are round in shape, their size is from 70 to 78 mm, the fruit contains a lot of sugar, so the taste of the pulp is more sweet than sweet and sour. Valencia oranges have a wonderful taste. The pulp contains seeds, 1 to 9 seeds per fruit.

The variety has a thin, bright orange skin, with small red patches and orange flesh. Valencia was cultivated in Spain for centuries, but in the middle of the 19th century it was taken over by California breeders, who got a modern prolific look.

Valencia leading in the world as a raw material for the production of juices, which, last but not least, contributes bright color pulp.




Oval

Orange Oval (Ovale) tastes like the taste of the Valencia variety. Bred by Ovale in Italy. The fruits have an elongated, oval shape, a peel of medium thickness and contain few seeds.

The peel adjoins to slices of pulp very densely. The skin surface is finely rough. The size of the fruits is average, they reach 6.5 - 7.5 cm in length. There are fruits in which the seeds are completely absent.

The tree grows slowly sensitive to seasonal temperature changes and droughts, but in favorable conditions(including in a greenhouse), a tree can be very productive.



Tarocco (Tarocco)

Tarocco - one of the varieties of Sicilian orange. Compared to other red-fleshed species bred in Sicily, its flesh is the lightest. The red color of the lobules is distributed unevenly, in the form of stripes and spots. In the fruits of Tarocco very few seeds. Often there are none at all.

It is a very sweet and aromatic fruit. Gardeners say that of all types of orange, Tarosso is the sweetest and juiciest. The skin of the fruit is thin, and red pigmentation is often visible against the orange background of the peel. Tarosso fruits contain more vitamin C than all other types. small tree grows well in a greenhouse and in a city apartment.



Boo (Bu)

Boo oranges are grown on the plantations of Vietnam, in the subtropical and tropical regions of the country. The peel of the fruit is of medium thickness and moderate relief. The fruits have a bright orange color and a slightly elongated shape. This variety is very prolific. The flesh of the orange is also orange, the taste of the fruit is sour-sweet or sweet, the fruits have a wonderful aroma.



Royal (King orange)

Vietnamese variety The King orange has a thick, ribbed dark green to bright green skin and yellow flesh. These oranges are usually large (9-12 cm in diameter) and 7-9 lobes with several pits inside the fruit.

The fruits are spherical, weight reaches 350-400 grams. Royal orange is very juicy and has a delicate sweet taste. The fruits grow in clusters small trees with long flexible branches, one and a half to two meters high, each tree brings large yields. Royal orange plantations are located mainly in the south and in the central part of Vietnam.

IMPORTANT! To get a guaranteed result, it is better to purchase orange seedlings in nurseries.




Benefit and harm

How useful is an orange for the body and what vitamins does the fruit contain? The benefit of an orange is that, in addition to citric acid and sugar, the pulp contains fiber, phytoncides, trace elements, various carbohydrates, ash, and flavonoids. in the pulp a lot of potassium, calcium and phosphorus, nitrogen-containing compounds and pectin. Oranges contain a lot of vitamin C (60-67 mg%), B vitamins and provitamin A. There are a lot of essential oils.

Medicinal properties of orange


Oranges are recommended use for bacterial viral diseases different nature.

These fruits help healthy people strengthen immunity and improve metabolism in the body.

The usefulness of oranges is important for those who suffer from hesitation blood pressure, their substances stabilize cholesterol levels.

REFERENCE! Vitamin C is also useful for those who suffer from diseases of the nervous system, thyroid gland, it is necessary for people who are on diets in order to lose weight. excess weight.

Contraindications

What harm do oranges conceal - contraindications to the use of these fruits? This is, first of all, individual intolerance and an allergic reaction of the body to citrus fruits. oranges can't eat with gastritis(flowing with high acidity), stomach ulcers and any bowel disease. Lemon acid in large quantities leads to the destruction of tooth enamel.

Care


When growing an orange tree at home read all instructions carefully, which are issued by nurseries along with the seedling.

These are the requirements for the container in which the orange will be planted, soil preparation, temperature conditions content, preparation and application of top dressing.

Only competent care for it will help to grow a tree and get fruits.

An orange tree grown at home is pleasing to the eye and is the pride of an amateur gardener. And, of course, it's always nice to taste the fruits of your labors.

Useful video

On the care of citrus fruits, including orange, it will be useful to watch the following video: